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NewSpace User's Guide Shareware Version ISOGON CORPORATION Copyright (C) 1988 Isogon Corporation. Licensed Materials. All Rights Reserved. LICENSE AGREEMENT CAREFULLY READ THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT PRIOR TO THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE PRODUCT. USE OF THE PRODUCT INDI- CATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. This software product and its documentation are protected by both United States Copyright Law and international treaty provisions. You are authorized to use this software for evaluation purposes only. If you want to use it on a permanent basis, you must register with Isogon Corporation, and pay a license fee. You are authorized to make copies of the software product, and give these copies to others, as long as the complete software product is copied, and as long as you do not charge a fee for the copies. You may not disassemble, decompile, or otherwise reverse engineer this software product. WARRANTY Isogon Corporation supplies this product without any kind of warranty or support, for your use to evaluate its usefulness in your environment. ISOGON CORPORATION SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO DEFECTS IN THE DISKETTE, DOCUMENTATION, AND THE PROGRAM PRODUCT IN PARTICULAR, AND WITHOUT LIMITING OPERATION OF THE PROGRAM LICENSE WITH RESPECT TO ANY PARTICULAR APPLICATION, USE, OR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISOGON BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES. GOVERNING LAW This statement shall be construed, interpreted, and governed by the laws of the state of New York. NewSpace User Manual Page ii SHAREWARE INFORMATION This version of NewSpace is provided so that you may evaluate its usefulness in your own environment. It is NOT provided for your ongoing use. If you decide that you want to use NewSpace on a regular basis, you must register with Isogon Corporation, and pay a license fee. When you register, you will receive another copy of the NewSpace product with a printed manual and the latest version of the software. You will also then be notified when new releases of the software become available, and you will be eligible for free, unlimited, telephone support. This shareware version of NewSpace is identical to the regular version in all respects, except as follows: * This shareware version supports the recovery of only one deleted file (the last one deleted/overwritten), whereas the regular version supports the recovery of up to 99 deleted or overwritten files. * This shareware version runs somewhat slower than the regular version, when installed with the same options. When you register and receive the regular version of NewSpace, you don't have to uninstall the shareware version. By simply installing the regular version, the shareware version will be deleted from your system, while all your compressed files remain compressed. REGISTERING YOUR COPY OF NEWSPACE In order to register with Isogon Corporation to receive a regular copy of NewSpace, licensed for day-to-day use, together with a printed manual, upgrade offers, and unlimited, free telephone support, please fill out the form on the next page and mail together with your payment (check, MasterCard, or Visa) for $69.95 (NYS residents add appropriate sales tax, please), to Isogon Corporation 330 Seventh Avenue New York, NY 10001 (212) 967-2424 Or, you may call toll free (800) 662-6036 and register with the license fee being charged to your MasterCard or Visa (this number is for orders and registrations only). We can only give support to registered users, but you can regis- ter over the phone and immediately become eligible for support, even if you haven't yet received your regular copy of NewSpace. NewSpace User Manual Page iii ISOGON CORPORATION 330 Seventh Avenue New York, NY 10001 (212) 967-2424 INVOICE __________________________________ Name __________________________________ Address __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________ Telephone ---------------------------------------------------------------- Your Purchase Order Number ___________ Date ___________ ---------------------------------------------------------------- One Copy of NewSpace $69.95 New York State Sales Tax ________ Total $________ [ ] Check enclosed (payable to Isogon Corporation) [ ] Please charge my credit card [ ] MasterCard or [ ] Visa _______________________________ _________________ Card number Expiration date _______________________________ Signature [ ] Check here if you would like a 3.5" diskette YOU DON'T HAVE TO READ THIS MANUAL If you're like most users, you won't have to read this manual to use NewSpace. Installation is automatic. Once you install NewSpace and compress your files, the day-to-day use of your computer is completely unchanged. This manual gives you information about what to do in certain special situations, status commands that give you information about your files, and the like. You'll probably never have to know about most of it. When you have time, browse through the manual to get an idea of what's in it. Then put it on your bookshelf as a reference. To start using NewSpace, just follow these steps: 1. Make a copy of the NewSpace distribution diskette. (The NewSpace distribution diskette isn't copy-protected.) Put the copy in your A drive and enter the command a:install and answer the questions on your screen. When the installation is complete, NewSpace will reboot (that is, restart) your system. 2. NewSpace is now installed and active, and will compress all newly created files that should be compressed. To compress all existing files on your hard disk that should be com- pressed, enter the command newspace compress NOTE: You must use the INSTALL program to install NewSpace! You cannot just copy the files from the diskette to your hard disk. After you install NewSpace, if you need any help using a NewSpace command, you can ask for help. For example, to get help with the NEWSPACE COMPRESS command, just enter the command newspace compress /? To get help with all the NEWSPACE commands, just enter the command newspace /? NOTE: Even if you don't read the rest of the manual, you should be aware that NewSpace has a valuable file recovery feature. It's described in "Chapter 6: If You Erase a File and Then Want to Get It Back Again" on page 13. NewSpace User Manual Page v CONTENTS Shareware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Registering Your Copy of NewSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii You Don't Have to Read This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Introduction: What NewSpace Will Do For You . . . . . . . . . 1 Part I: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Chapter 1: What You Need to Use NewSpace . . . . . . . . . 3 Chapter 2: Installing the NewSpace Programs . . . . . . . . 4 Chapter 3: Compressing Your Eligible Files . . . . . . . . 5 Part II: Day-to-Day Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Chapter 4: Using Your Programs and the DOS Commands . . . . 7 Chapter 5: Checking on the Status of Your Files or Your Disk 8 Chapter 6: If You Erase a File and Then Want to Get It Back Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Part III: Special Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Chapter 7: If COMPRESS Can't Compress All Eligible Files in Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Chapter 8: If You Need More Room for Uncompressed Files . . 17 Chapter 9: If You Don't Use Your Normal AUTOEXEC.BAT File to Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Chapter 10: Using Programs That Bypass DOS . . . . . . . . 19 Chapter 11: If You Format or Reformat Your Hard Disk . . . 20 Chapter 12: Removing NewSpace from Your System . . . . . . 21 Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Appendix A: Questions and Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Appendix B: What is Data Compression and How Does It Work? 24 Appendix C: NEWRES Command Line Parameters . . . . . . . . 26 Appendix D: Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 NewSpace User Manual Page vi INTRODUCTION: WHAT NEWSPACE WILL DO FOR YOU Congratulations on getting NewSpace! NewSpace is a product of more than 20,000 person-hours of advanced software engineering. NewSpace is designed to save you some of your most precious resources: time, money, and disk space. Saves Time, Money, and Disk Space Almost by magic, NewSpace recodes the data in the files on your hard disk so that it takes up much less space. Because your data is compressed (typically to about half its uncompressed size), you can keep more active data on your hard disk. With NewSpace, you don't have to spend time archiving data to diskette or tape to get more disk space, or invoking a special program whenever you need to use one of your compressed files. And you don't have to buy a new, larger hard disk. NewSpace works on any hard disk. If you get a bigger disk or a new computer system, you can run NewSpace on it. NOTE: If your disk's capacity is larger than approximately 100K, you may not be able to utilize all of it for compressed files. You can, however, get a special "huge disk" version from Isogon Corporation, for an additional license fee. Works Automatically and Invisibly Once it's installed, NewSpace works completely automatically. It keeps track of which files should be compressed and which should- n't. It compresses new files as they're created, and uncompresses the data as your programs need it, all without you doing anything. NewSpace is completely invisible in your day-to-day operations. As you use your computer, neither you nor your programs will be aware that your files are compressed. Lets You Recover Erased Files As an added benefit, NewSpace lets you recover the last compressed file that was erased. The procedure to recover an erased file is simple and utterly foolproof. Unlike some utilities that guess what pieces of data make up the erased file, or make you figure it out, NewSpace performs the entire recovery operation automatically. NOTE: The regular version of NewSpace lets you recover any of the last 99 erased (or overwritten) files. NewSpace User Manual Page 1 PART I: GETTING STARTED To install NewSpace, you perform two steps. * First, you run a program that installs the NewSpace programs on your hard disk and then reboots (restarts) your system, so that NewSpace is active. * Second, you run a program that compresses all the eligible files on your hard disk. NewSpace doesn't compress programs (that is, files with an exten- sion of EXE or COM), system files (files with an extension of SYS or with the file attribute S), hidden files (files with the file attribute H), files with extensions used by certain products to indicate device drivers, or the file AUTOEXEC.BAT. Files that NewSpace doesn't compress are called exempt. Files that aren't exempt are called eligible for compression. NOTE: Running the compress program is a one-time operation. After you've compressed all your existing eligible files, NewSpace compresses all newly created eligible files automatically. We'll cover these steps in more detail in chapters that follow. But before that, we'll discuss what you need on your computer system to use NewSpace. NewSpace User Manual Page 2 CHAPTER 1: WHAT YOU NEED TO USE NEWSPACE To use NewSpace, you need a system with at least 256K total of RAM memory, running PC-DOS or MS-DOS 2.0 or above and, of course, a hard disk. NOTE: NewSpace doesn't currently work in a multi-tasking environment such as Windows or TopView. In a networking environment such as IBM's PC Network, NewSpace doesn't currently work on the file server or servers, but does work on network workstations. NewSpace User Manual Page 3 CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE NEWSPACE PROGRAMS First, using DISKCOPY or any other copying program, make a backup copy of the NewSpace distribution diskette. Then put the NewSpace distribution diskette in a safe place and use the backup copy to perform the installation. Installation is completely automatic. Just put your backup copy of the NewSpace diskette in your A drive and issue the INSTALL command a:install and answer the questions on your screen. Here's what the INSTALL program does: * It puts a copy of the NewSpace programs on the hard disk of your choice in a newly created subdirectory called \NEWSPACE, or, if you prefer, another directory. * In your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, it creates or modifies the PATH statement to include the directory the NewSpace programs are in. (If you don't have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file, NewSpace creates one for you.) If you have more than one PATH statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, it modifies each one appropriately. NOTE: If you issue a PATH statement in any other batch (BAT) file or directly at the DOS prompt, include the location of the NewSpace programs. This way, you'll be able to issue the NewSpace commands from any directory. * It makes an entry in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file to start NewSpace when you boot your computer. * In your CONFIG.SYS file, it increases the FILES specification as appropriate. (If you don't have a CONFIG.SYS file, NewSpace creates one for you. If there's no FILES statement in your CONFIG.SYS file, NewSpace puts one in.) * It gets your hard disk ready for your compressed files. * It reboots (restarts) your system, so that NewSpace becomes active. Once the NewSpace software is installed, you should remove your copy of the NewSpace distribution diskette from the diskette drive and put it away. You won't need it anymore. NOTE: You can install NewSpace on any one hard disk in your system. If you have more than one hard disk on your system, you can use NewSpace to compress the files on only one of them. NewSpace User Manual Page 4 CHAPTER 3: COMPRESSING YOUR ELIGIBLE FILES After you install NewSpace, you'll want to run the NewSpace program that compresses all the eligible files on your hard disk. NOTE: Running the compress program is a one-time operation. After you've compressed all your existing eligible files, NewSpace compresses all newly created eligible files automatically. To compress all the eligible files on the default (that is, current) drive, issue the command newspace compress You'll get a message that looks like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- NEWSPACE COMPRESS is completely interruptible and restartable. To stop NEWSPACE COMPRESS, press Ctrl-Break. You will return to DOS. To start NEWSPACE COMPRESS again, reenter the NEWSPACE COMPRESS command. Press Enter to continue or Ctrl-Break to stop. ---------------------------------------------------------------- The program will then list your files as they're compressed. COMPRESS is completely automatic. You don't have to do anything. As the display indicates, you can interrupt the operation of the COMPRESS command at any time. You do this by pressing Ctrl- Break. NewSpace will finish with the file it's working on and return you to DOS. You can then do other things, and run COMPRESS again whenever you want. COMPRESS will resume compressing any eligible uncompressed files it finds. When COMPRESS finishes working, it produces a display of the status of the entire disk, just as if you had issued the NewSpace STATUS command. For a sample and an explanation of this display, see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10. Even if you don't run the COMPRESS command, NewSpace will compress any new files that are eligible for compression as they're created. You can abbreviate "compress" by just typing "c". You can compress the files on your hard disk by entering the command newspace c NewSpace User Manual Page 5 NOTES: 1. You can specify the drive explicitly. For example, if you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you can issue the command newspace compress d: 2. To get help with COMPRESS, enter the command newspace compress /? 3. Under very unusual circumstances, COMPRESS may tell you that it can't compress all the eligible files on your hard disk in place because your disk is too full. If this happens, there's a simple way to compress your files. See "Chapter 7: If COMPRESS Can't Compress All Eligible Files in Place" on page 16. NewSpace User Manual Page 6 PART II: DAY-TO-DAY OPERATIONS CHAPTER 4: USING YOUR PROGRAMS AND THE DOS COMMANDS After you install NewSpace, your day-to-day use of your computer is unaffected. You do everything in the same way as always. Programs run as they did before, accessing the files they need exactly as they used to. The only difference is that your disk will hold much more than it would without NewSpace. Diskette operations are completely unaffected by NewSpace. A compressed file backed up or copied to a diskette will be uncompressed on the diskette. (If it's copied back to the hard disk it will be recompressed.) The DOS DIR command will continue to report the size of your files in their uncompressed form, so that you can think about your files as you always have. Where the DIR command reports the number of bytes free on your hard disk, you'll see the number of bytes remaining for uncompressed files, as reported by the DISK command (see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10.) In practice, you'll nearly always be able to fit much more data than the DIR command indicates is free. CHKDSK reports the amount of free space in the same way as the DIR command. If you RENAME an exempt file to a name that's eligible for compression, the renamed file will remain uncompressed. (However, the next time the file is rewritten, it will be compressed.) If you RENAME a compressed file to a name that's exempt from compression, the renamed file will be uncompressed. All other DOS commands are unaffected. NewSpace User Manual Page 7 CHAPTER 5: CHECKING ON THE STATUS OF YOUR FILES OR YOUR DISK You probably won't really need this information, but if you're curious to see how much space NewSpace is saving, you can find out. You can find out if one or more files are compressed or not, and if so by how much. You can find out if a compressed file that you erased is available for recovery. And you can find out a variety of information about the compression of an entire disk. STATUS OF YOUR FILES NewSpace provides a command that tells you about the status of one or more files. NewSpace will tell you whether each file is compressed, uncompressed, erased but recoverable, or not found. If the file is compressed, NewSpace will give you statistics on its compressed size, its uncompressed size, and the compression achieved. Status of a Single File Let's say you issue the following command for the file ABCD.TXT in the current subdirectory of the default (current) drive, which is C:\DOCS\MISC: newspace status abcd.txt NewSpace might respond with a display like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT File Information Compression Information ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p 521 bytes (70% compression) ---------------------------------------------------------------- or, if the file isn't compressed, with a display like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p Not eligible for compression ---------------------------------------------------------------- In both these cases, the directory information is exactly as it would be reported by the DOS DIR command. If you ask for the status of a file you've erased but which is still available for recovery, NewSpace will tell you so: ---------------------------------------------------------------- ABCD TXT 1506 5-19-86 11:40a Erased but recoverable ---------------------------------------------------------------- If you want to recover this file, you use the RECOVER command. See "Recovering an Erased File" on page 14. NewSpace User Manual Page 8 If there's a normal, active file with the same name as an erased but recoverable file, you'll see both listed (the recoverable file second), like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p 521 bytes (70% compression) - same - 1506 5-19-86 11:40a Erased but recoverable ---------------------------------------------------------------- Status of a Group of Files To find out the status of a group of files, you can use the generic characters '?' and '*' with STATUS, just as with the DOS DIR command. For example, you might issue the command newspace status *.* and NewSpace might respond with a display like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- C:\DOCS\MISC\*.* File Information Compression Information ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p 521 bytes (70% compression) ABCD DOC 3269 4-04-86 6:15p 1521 bytes (53% compression) WORD EXE 21728 6-11-83 4:53p Not eligible for compression EFGH TXT 4577 7-25-86 11:51a 2118 bytes (54% compression) ---------------------------------------------------------------- You can abbreviate "status" by just typing "s". For example, you can issue a status command by typing newspace s abcd.txt NOTES: 1. The DOS DIR command reports the size of a file in bytes, but an uncompressed file is stored in allocation units (2,048 or more bytes per "chunk", depending on your hard disk). The last allocation unit of an uncompressed file may contain only one byte, or may be completely full. NewSpace uses only the amount of space it actually needs, so you save an average of one half an allocation unit per file. This extra space saved isn't reported in the compression information for the file, but it contributes to the space saved for the entire disk as reported in "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10. 2. You can issue the STATUS command with a full path specification, including drive, from any subdirectory. For example, if you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you NewSpace User Manual Page 9 can issue the command newspace status d:\docs\misc\*.txt 3. To get help with STATUS, enter the command newspace status /? STATUS OF AN ENTIRE DISK You can also get useful information about an entire disk. To get the status of the default (current) disk drive, issue the DISK command without specifying any file at all, like this: newspace disk NewSpace responds with a display like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- DRIVE C: (1) Number of files on disk: 487 (2) Number of compressed files on disk: 413 (3) All your eligible files are compressed. (4) Physical capacity of disk: 10,584,064 bytes (5) Space all files would occupy if uncomp.: 15,312,896 bytes (6) Space all files actually occupy: 8,560,013 bytes (7) Space remaining on disk: 2,024,051 bytes (8) Space remaining for uncompressed files: 1,021,301 bytes (9) Space compr. files would occupy if uncomp.: 12,765,184 bytes(10) Space compressed files actually occupy: 6,012,301 bytes(11) Space saved by using NewSpace: 6,752,883 bytes(12) Compression achieved on compressed files: 53 percent(13) ---------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Because NewSpace has to look at all the directories on the entire disk to develop this information, this display takes a bit of time to produce. Here's what each line of this display means: (1) This shows what drive NewSpace is reporting on (the drive where NewSpace is installed). (2) This shows the total number of files you have on your hard disk. This includes files of all types, including programs, system files, hidden files, and read-only files. (3) This shows how many files on your hard disk are compressed. NewSpace User Manual Page 10 (4) This message indicates that all the files on your hard disk that are eligible for compression are actually compressed. If this isn't true, the message "Not all your eligible files are compressed." appears. If all your eligible files aren't compressed, you can run the COMPRESS command to compress the files that aren't compressed. See "Chapter 3: Compressing your Eligible Files" on page 5. (5) This shows the actual number of bytes your hard disk can hold. (6) This shows how much space all your files would occupy if you didn't have NewSpace. (7) This shows how much space all your files actually occupy. (8) This represents NewSpace's conservative estimate of the amount of additional data you can fit on your disk. In practice, you'll almost always be able to fit much more data on your disk than this figure indicates, and you'll always be able to fit at least this much more. (9) This shows how much space on your disk is available for exempt (uncompressed) files, such as program and system files. NOTE: If you need more than this amount of space for exempt files, see "Chapter 8: If You Need More Room for Uncompressed Files" on page 17. (10) This shows how much space your compressed files alone would occupy if you didn't have NewSpace. (11) This shows the actual amount of space NewSpace uses to store your files in compressed form. (It doesn't include files that you've erased but that are still eligible for recovery.) (12) This shows the amount of space you are saving using NewSpace. (13) This shows you how effective the compression of your compressed files is. The larger the number, the better the compression. 50 percent compression, for example, indicates that the files take up half the space they do when uncompressed. 75 percent compression indicates that the compressed files are 75 percent smaller than they are in uncompressed form, or in other words are one quarter their uncompressed size. You can abbreviate "disk" by just typing "d". You can get status information about the entire default (current) disk drive by entering the command newspace d NewSpace User Manual Page 11 NOTES: 1. You can specify the drive explicitly. For example, if you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you can issue the command newspace disk d: 2. To get help with DISK, enter the command newspace disk /? NewSpace User Manual Page 12 CHAPTER 6: IF YOU ERASE A FILE AND THEN WANT TO GET IT BACK AGAIN If there's room, NewSpace saves the last compressed file you "erase," so that if you change your mind you can get it back. This means that if you accidentally erase a file, you can get it back. What's more, the procedure is completely automatic. There's no guessing what data belonged in the file, or figuring out what the file name should be. When you update a file using most editors and other programs, the existing version of the file is usually erased. The new version is then written under the same name. NewSpace saves the erased version. If you want to recover a file with the same name as one that already exists, NewSpace gives the existing file a new name, as explained below. NOTE: NewSpace saves only one erased version of any file in a particular subdirectory. If you update a file and then realize you want to recover the previous version, don't erase the updated version of that file before trying to recover the earlier version. You can see which erased files are eligible for recovery, and you can issue a command to recover an erased file. NOTE: The regular version of NewSpace lets you recover any of the last five erased (or overwritten) files (or, any of the up to 99 last erased files if you specify a special startup option). SEEING WHICH FILES ARE RECOVERABLE To get a list of which erased files are available for recovery on the default (current) drive, you issue the command newspace recover NewSpace responds with a display like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- Directory: C:\DOCS\MISC ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p Erased but recoverable ---------------------------------------------------------------- You can abbreviate "recover" by just typing "r". You can find out which erased files are available for recovery by entering the command newspace r NewSpace User Manual Page 13 NOTES: 1. You can specify the drive explicitly. For example, if you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, to get a list of which erased files are available for recovery, issue the command newspace recover d: 2. To get help with RECOVER, enter the command newspace recover /? 3. To find out if there's an erased version of one or more particular files available for recovery in a given subdirectory, you can use the STATUS command. For information about the STATUS command, see "Status of Your Files" on page 8. RECOVERING AN ERASED FILE To recover a file that has been erased from the current subdirectory of the default (current) drive, you issue the RECOVER command with a file specification, like this: newspace recover abcd.txt NewSpace responds by recovering the file and displaying a message, like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT File recovered ---------------------------------------------------------------- Now, if you issue a STATUS command, newspace status abcd.txt you'll get the normal display for a compressed file, like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- ABCD TXT 1718 06-09-86 12:05p 521 bytes (70% compression) ---------------------------------------------------------------- Let's say you issue the command newspace recover abcd.txt to recover the erased file with the name ABCD.TXT and a normal file (either compressed or uncompressed) of the name ABCD.TXT NewSpace User Manual Page 14 already exists in the same directory on the default (current) drive. In this case, NewSpace does two things: 1. It changes the extension of the file that already exists to ")))". If the file doesn't have an extension, it's given an extension of ")))". 2. It recovers the erased file (with its original name). In this case, you'll get a display like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT File already exists Current version of file renamed ABCD.))) File recovered ---------------------------------------------------------------- The erased version of the file, which you just recovered, is now named ABCD.TXT. The version of the file that was named ABCD.TXT just before you issued the RECOVER command is now named ABCD.))). You can now rename or erase the file ABCD.))). For example, rename abcd.))) newabcd.txt You can abbreviate "recover" by just typing "r". For example, you can recover the file ABCD.TXT by entering the command newspace r abcd.txt NOTES: 1. The RECOVER command accepts a full path specification, including drive. For example, if you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you can issue the command newspace recover d:\docs\misc\abcd.txt 2. You can't recover an erased file if the subdirectory it was in no longer exists. 3. To get help with RECOVER, enter the command newspace recover /? 4. RECOVER works only with compressed files. If the file you erased was uncompressed, you can try using a file recovery utility that works with ordinary uncompressed files. NewSpace User Manual Page 15 PART III: SPECIAL TOPICS CHAPTER 7: IF COMPRESS CAN'T COMPRESS ALL ELIGIBLE FILES IN PLACE As mentioned in "Chapter 3: Compressing your Eligible Files" on page 5, the COMPRESS command tries to compress all the eligible files on your hard disk. In rare cases, it can't complete the job. This is because COMPRESS writes out the compressed version of the file before deleting the uncompressed version, and your disk may be too full to hold the compressed version as well as the uncompressed version. In this case, it issues a message like this: ---------------------------------------------------------------- Unable to compress all eligible files in place. Do the following: 1. Back up the file specified below. 2. Erase the file specified below. 3. Rerun COMPRESS. 4. Restore the file specified below. C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT ---------------------------------------------------------------- Here's what to do if you get this message: 1. Back up the file specified. (It's the largest eligible file on your disk that COMPRESS was unable to compress.) 2. Erase the file specified from your hard disk. 3. Rerun the COMPRESS command. COMPRESS will now run to completion successfully. 4. Restore the file you backed up. It will be compressed as it's restored to the disk. NOTE: COMPRESS always compresses as many files as it can before it issues the message shown above. NewSpace User Manual Page 16 CHAPTER 8: IF YOU NEED MORE ROOM FOR UNCOMPRESSED FILES The DISK command (see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10) shows how much space is remaining on your disk, and how much space is available for uncompressed files. The space NewSpace uses for compressed files isn't usable for exempt (uncompressed) files. For this reason, you may not be able to put some exempt files on your disk, even though you have enough total free space available. (This occurs very rarely.) If you want to make all the space remaining on your disk available for uncompressed files, here's what to do: 1. Remove NewSpace from your system. Follow the directions in "Chapter 12: Removing NewSpace from Your System" on page 21. Be sure to back up all your compressed files. 2. Reinstall NewSpace. Follow the directions in "Chapter 2: Installing the NewSpace Programs" on page 4. 3. Restore from your backup all your compressed files. NOTE: Although the space used for compressed files isn't usable for uncompressed files, the reverse isn't true. The space available for uncompressed files is also usable for compressed files. NewSpace User Manual Page 17 CHAPTER 9: IF YOU DON'T USE YOUR NORMAL AUTOEXEC.BAT FILE TO BOOT Once NewSpace is installed, if you want to access your compressed files, you must make sure that NewSpace is started. Normally, you'll boot your system from your hard disk. The AUTOEXEC.BAT file that NewSpace created or modified when you installed it will cause NewSpace to start. However, if you boot your system without issuing the statement that starts NewSpace, you won't be able to read or write to your compressed files. A DIR command will give you unfamiliar results. This may happen if you use an alternate AUTOEXEC.BAT file on a DOS diskette or on a program diskette that you use to boot the system. Or, you may sometimes boot from a DOS diskette without an AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Any AUTOEXEC.BAT file you use should contain the statement that starts up NewSpace. This is the statement in your normal AUTOEXEC.BAT file that consists of "NEWRES", or that begins "NEWRES", such as in these examples: NEWRES NEWRES /P=32 NEWRES /D=D NEWRES /D=D /P=32 Copy the NEWRES statement exactly as it appears in the AUTOEXEC.BAT that was created or modified by the NewSpace INSTALL program into the beginning of any AUTOEXEC.BAT file you use. Put the NEWRES statement right after the first PATH statement (if any). Also, if NEWRES.EXE isn't in the root directory of the default drive, make sure that the PATH statement lets DOS find the NEWRES program. If you boot from a DOS diskette without an AUTOEXEC.BAT file, you must issue exactly the same NEWRES statement at the DOS prompt before you try to use any compressed file. Just type in the NEWRES statement you find in your normal AUTOEXEC.BAT file and press Enter. Again, if NEWRES.EXE isn't in the root directory of the default drive, make sure that the PATH statement lets DOS find the NEWRES program. All the optional command line parameters are described in "Appendix C: NEWRES Command Line Parameters" on page 26. NewSpace User Manual Page 18 CHAPTER 10: USING PROGRAMS THAT BYPASS DOS Some utility programs bypass the normal ways the operating system (DOS) uses to access your data, and so bypass NewSpace. If you use these programs to look at your hard disk, you won't be able to read your compressed files. Some of these programs also let you modify the data on your hard disk. Don't use any such program to modify the data in a compressed file, the directory entries pertaining to a compressed file, or any files you don't recognize. Please read the file READ.ME on the NewSpace diskette for some additional information about a few special programs, and their use with NewSpace. NewSpace User Manual Page 19 CHAPTER 11: IF YOU FORMAT OR REFORMAT YOUR HARD DISK If you back up your hard disk and then format it, you must reinstall NewSpace (as described in "Chapter 2: Installing the NewSpace Programs" on page 4) before you restore your files. After you've installed NewSpace, your eligible files will be compressed as they're restored. This is also true if you're moving to a new hard disk by restoring the files that you backed up from another hard disk on which NewSpace was installed. NewSpace User Manual Page 20 CHAPTER 12: REMOVING NEWSPACE FROM YOUR SYSTEM If you want to remove NewSpace from your system for any reason (such as to move it to a new hard disk), you can do so. Here's what you do to remove NewSpace: 1. Back up your entire hard disk, or at least those files that are compressed. The uninstall program doesn't uncompress your compressed files. It does erase your compressed files from the hard disk. When you back up the files that were compressed, they're written to your backup diskette or tape in uncompressed form. 2. Issue the UNINSTALL command UNINSTALL The uninstall program does the following things: * It deletes the compressed versions of the files from your hard disk. * It removes the NewSpace programs themselves from your hard disk. If the NewSpace programs are the only files in the subdirectory, it also removes the subdirectory. * It removes the NewSpace invocation from your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. * If it has removed the directory containing the NewSpace programs from your system, it also removes that directory from the PATH statements in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. If that's the only directory in a PATH statement, it also removes the PATH statement. * It frees the part of your hard disk used for compressed files. The uninstall program then reboots (restarts) the system. When the system completes the restart, NewSpace has been removed from your system. You can now copy or restore the files that had been compressed back onto your hard disk. Of course, without NewSpace, you may not be able to fit all the files on your hard disk that you did before. And, of course, if you restore all your files including your AUTOEXEC.BAT file and the NewSpace program files, you should run UNINSTALL again to remove NewSpace completely. NOTE: The uninstall program doesn't change your CONFIG.SYS file. NewSpace User Manual Page 21 APPENDIXES APPENDIX A: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Here are some of the more common questions that are asked about NewSpace, and the answers. Question: Why does the degree of compression vary from file to file? Answer: The degree of compression you can achieve using NewSpace depends on the data in your files. The degree of compression achievable depends on how compactly the information in a file is represented. Some kinds of files, such as binary data files, can hardly be compressed at all. Other kinds of files, such as spreadsheet files, can be compressed to as little as one-tenth of their normal size. Question: Why doesn't NewSpace compress programs? Answer: Some copy-protected programs wouldn't work if they were compressed. Question: If NewSpace doesn't get very good compression on a particular file, is there any way to exempt it from compression? Answer: No, and there's no reason to. Even though you may not achieve very good compression on a particular file, it does no harm to let it be compressed. Also, an uncompressed file is always stored in allocation units (2,048 or 4,096 byte chunks, depending on the size of your disk). When NewSpace compresses a file, it uses only the amount of space it actually needs. So, on average, you'll save one half an allocation unit (that is, 1,024 or 2,048 bytes) on every file, even if you get 0% compression on the file. That extra savings isn't reported in the compression information for the file, but it does contribute to the amount of free space reported for the entire disk (see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10). However, if for some reason you want to do so, you can exclude a whole group of files from compression, by specifying the extension of the files as an exempt extension, as described in Appendix C on page 26. Question: I don't want to type "newspace" each time I use a NewSpace command. What can I do? Answer: You can rename the NewSpace program to a shorter name. In the subdirectory in which you've installed the NewSpace commands, use the DOS RENAME command to rename NewSpace User Manual Page 22 the file NEWSPACE.EXE to a shorter name (with the same extension). For example, you can issue the command rename newspace.exe new.exe Thereafter, you can type "new" instead of "newspace". NOTE: If you run the UNINSTALL program, be sure to rename NEW.EXE back to NEWSPACE.EXE first. Also, remember that the command names (COMPRESS, STATUS, and RECOVER) can be abbreviated. Question: Does the hard disk I choose to compress have to be the one that I boot from? Answer: No. NewSpace lets you install it on any hard disk you choose. It creates or modifies the AUTOEXEC.BAT file on the hard disk your system boots from, which may be a different hard disk. Question: Does the hard disk I choose to compress have to be the one on which the NewSpace programs are installed? Answer: Yes. However, after installation, you can move the NewSpace programs onto another disk. If you do, be sure to change each PATH statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file to include the new location of the NewSpace programs. NOTE: If you issue a PATH statement in any other BAT file or directly at the DOS prompt, include the location of the NewSpace programs. This way, you'll be able to issue the NewSpace commands from any directory. NewSpace User Manual Page 23 APPENDIX B: WHAT IS DATA COMPRESSION AND HOW DOES IT WORK? Data compression has been used for a long time. One very powerful data compression technique is variable-length encoding. The idea behind variable-length encoding is as old as Morse code: giving shorter codes to more frequent characters, and longer codes to less frequent characters, thus saving resources. In the case of telegraphers, the resource saved is time. In the case of NewSpace, the resource saved is space. CHARACTER CODE CHARACTER CODE --------- ---- --------- ---- A .- N -. B -... O --- C -.-. P .--. D -.. Q --.- E . R .-. F ..-. S ... G --. T - H .... U ..- I .. V ...- J .--- W .-- K -.- X -..- L .-.. Y -.-- M -- Z --.. Morse Code. Note that E and T are the most frequent characters in English, and have been given the shortest codes. As you probably know, all data is stored in a computer as bits: 0's or 1's. In the normal fixed-length system of storing data on the PC, every character and symbol is stored as eight bits of data. For example, the capital letter A is stored as the binary sequence 01000001. Obviously, since every character is eight bits long, the average number of bits a character uses will also be eight bits. Now suppose we knew that some characters were more frequent than others. Let's say that out of every 10,000 characters, 5,000 of them were blanks. (For simplicity, let's say that all other characters occurred the same number of times.) In the usual fixed-length system, blanks are stored as the bit sequence 00100000. But let's use a variable-length system instead. For blanks, we'll use a bit sequence consisting of the single bit 0. For all other characters, we'll use a nine-bit sequence consisting of a 1 followed by its normal eight-bit code. For example, we'll use 101000001 for A. Now, what would the average number of bits be? NewSpace User Manual Page 24 Quantity X Character Quantity Code Length Code Length --------- -------- ----------- ----------- Blank 5,000 1 bit 5,000 bits All others 5,000 9 bits 45,000 bits ---------- -------- ----------- ----------- TOTAL 10,000 50,000 bits AVERAGE = 50,000 bits / 10,000 characters = 5 bits per character This is quite an improvement. For the 10,000-character file, the space required would go from 80,000 bits (or 10,000 bytes) to 50,000 bits (or 6,250 bytes), a compression of 37.5 percent. This is obviously a contrived example. NewSpace uses a more sophisticated variable-length encoding based on the Huffman encoding technique. In the Huffman technique, each character is assigned a variable-length bit code whose length is inversely proportionate to its actual occurrence in files. As a result, the average bit length is less than it would be with a fixed-length code, and the total amount of space is thereby reduced. In addition to this basic technique, NewSpace incorporates a number of other more advanced and sophisticated techniques to achieve the high compression rates you see as you actually use the product. NewSpace User Manual Page 25 APPENDIX C: NEWRES COMMAND LINE PARAMETERS NewSpace is activated on your system by entering the command NEWRES, optionally followed by one or more parameters (in general, the NEWRES command is automatically issued as part of your AUTOEXEC.BAT file's execution when you start your computer). The following optional command line parameters may be specified: * /D=x This parameter specifies the name of the hard disk on which NewSpace is installed. For example, a specification like NEWRES /D=E will start NewSpace and will compress the files on your E disk. NOTE: This parameter is automatically supplied by the NewSpace installation program, and should not be changed. If you want to change the disk that NewSpace is compressing files on, you must uninstall NewSpace and reinstall it on the new disk. * /P=nn This parameter specifies the size of the work area that NewSpace will use for its processing. You may specify any value between 0 and 99. In general, the higher a value, the faster NewSpace will work. For example, a specification like NEWRES /P=20 will start NewSpace and will allow NewSpace to use an extra 20K of memory for its work area. NOTE: This parameter is automatically supplied by the NewSpace installation program, and can be changed either by reinstalling NewSpace (you don't have to uninstall it first), or by simply changing the specification in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. In addition, you may also specify a list of file extensions that should be ineligible for compression (i.e., that should not be compressed). Initially, NewSpace will not compress any files with the extensions SYS, EXE, or COM, nor will it compress the file AUTOEXEC.BAT. If you want, you can add file extensions to this list by entering them on the NEWRES command line, as shown in the following example: NEWRES OVL BIN NewSpace User Manual Page 26 This example will tell NewSpace to not compress any file whose extension is OVL or BIN, in addition to the initial list of extensions given above. If you have compressed files with one of these extensions, don't worry--NewSpace will recognize this and will still process the existing compressed files correctly. NewSpace User Manual Page 27 APPENDIX D: MESSAGES The following is a list of messages NewSpace may issue. The messages are listed in alphabetical order. Messages beginning with special characters (such as "*" and "?") are listed first. Each message is followed by an explanation. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: * not allowed in file specification with NEWSPACE RECOVER command. Function: RECOVER Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command using the generic character * in the file specification. You cannot use generic characters with RECOVER. What to do: Reenter the command, specifying a single file. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: ? not allowed in file specification with RECOVER command. Function: RECOVER Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command using the generic character ? in the file specification. You cannot use generic characters with RECOVER. What to do: Reenter the command, specifying a single file. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Answer by typing "Y" for YES, "N" for NO. Then press Enter. Function: INSTALL or UNINSTALL Meaning: You were requested to answer a yes-or-no question and entered an invalid response. What to do: Type "Y" or "N," as appropriate, and then press Enter. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Current version of file renamed xxxxxxxx.))). Function: RECOVER Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command, specifying the name of a file that already exists in active form. This message is preceded by the message "File already exists", and followed by the message "File NewSpace User Manual Page 28 recovered". The current version of the file is given the name xxxxxxxx.))), and the erased version of the file is recovered under its original name. What to do: Rename the existing file or the recovered file as you wish. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: File already exists. Function: RECOVER Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command, specifying the name of a file that already exists in active form. The file is recovered, but is given another name. This message is followed by the message "Current version of file renamed xxxxxxxx.))).", which gives the name to which the current version of the file is renamed, and the message "File recovered". What to do: Rename the existing file and the recovered file as you wish. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: File not found and cannot be recovered. Function: RECOVER Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command specifying a file that cannot be recovered. This may be because: * You specified the file incorrectly. * You erased this file, and it was not a compressed file, so NewSpace didn't keep a copy of it. * The file you specified was erased but was not among the last five compressed files you erased. * In order to make room for active compressed files, NewSpace had to purge this file. What to do: Make sure that the file was a compressed file and that you specified it correctly. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: File not found. Function: STATUS Meaning: You issued the STATUS command specifying a file that could not be found. This could be because: NewSpace User Manual Page 29 * You specified the file name incorrectly. * You erased this file, and it was not a compressed file, so NewSpace didn't keep a copy of it. * The file you specified was erased, but was not among the last five compressed files you erased. * In order to make room for active compressed files, NewSpace had to delete this file. What to do: Make sure that you specified the file name correctly. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: File recovered. Function: RECOVER Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command to recover a file, and it was successfully recovered. The file is now a normal, active file. What to do: Nothing. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Invalid NEWRES parameter: xxxxxxxxx Function: NEWRES Meaning: You entered the NEWRES command (which starts NewSpace) specifying a parameter (indicated here by xxxxxxxxx) that NewSpace didn't recognize. What to do: If this message occurred during your system start- up, the NEWRES statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file may be invalid. Run the INSTALL program again. If you entered the NEWRES statement in another BAT file or manually, enter it again. You must enter the NEWRES command exactly as it was created by the INSTALL program in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Invalid or missing function. For help, enter: newspace /? Function: NEWSPACE Meaning: You typed NEWSPACE followed by something other than STATUS, RECOVER, COMPRESS, or /?. NewSpace User Manual Page 30 What to do: Reenter the NEWSPACE command specifying a valid function, or enter newspace /? to get help. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Invalid parameter. For help, enter: newspace <function> /? Function: NEWSPACE Meaning: You typed NEWSPACE specifying STATUS, RECOVER, or COMPRESS (indicated here by <function>), followed by a parameter NewSpace didn't recognize. What to do: Reenter the NEWSPACE command properly, or enter newspace <function> /? to get help. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: NewSpace commands will not be available from any subdirectory. Function: INSTALL Meaning: A PATH statement can't be longer than 128 characters. In your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, the last PATH statement would have been over 128 characters if the path to the directory containing NewSpace programs were included. You'll only be able to enter NewSpace commands when the current directory contains the NewSpace programs. What to do: If you want to be able to enter NewSpace commands from any subdirectory, you can do one of several things: * Move the NewSpace programs into a directory in your PATH statement. * Shorten your PATH statement. You can do this by reorganizing your subdirectory structure. Then add the directory containing the NewSpace commands to the last PATH statement in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. * If you're using DOS 3.0 or higher, you can enter the NewSpace commands with the path specification explicitly. For example, if you've installed NewSpace in the subdirectory NewSpace User Manual Page 31 \NEWSPACE, you can enter a STATUS command like this: c:\newspace\newspace status ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: NewSpace COMPRESS interrupted. Function: COMPRESS Meaning: You pressed Ctrl-Break while COMPRESS was operating. What to do: When you're ready to continue compressing your eligible files, reenter the NewSpace COMPRESS command. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: NewSpace has already been started. Function: NEWRES Meaning: The program that starts NewSpace (NEWRES) was invoked more than once. The second invocation is ignored. What to do: If the statement beginning "NEWRES" occurs more than once in your AUTOEXEC.BAT, take all but one out. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: NewSpace has been partially uninstalled. Either reinstall or run UNINSTALL to remove it completely. Function: NEWRES Meaning: The program that starts NewSpace (NEWRES) didn't find the normal NewSpace environment. This may be because you restored the NewSpace program files after either uninstalling NewSpace or formatting your hard disk. What to do: If you want NewSpace on your hard disk, run INSTALL again from the NewSpace distribution diskette. If you don't want NewSpace, run UNINSTALL. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: NewSpace has not been installed on this drive. Function: COMPRESS, RECOVER, or STATUS Meaning: This message occurs for one of two reasons: NewSpace User Manual Page 32 * You issued a NewSpace command specifying a drive on which NewSpace isn't installed. * You issued the NewSpace command without specifying a drive, and the default drive isn't the drive on which NewSpace is installed. What to do: Check that NewSpace has been installed properly. If not, install NewSpace. If so, issue the command again, specifying the drive containing your compressed files. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: NewSpace has not been started. Function: COMPRESS, RECOVER, or STATUS Meaning: The resident portion of NewSpace, NEWRES, has not been started. What to do: Check that NewSpace has been installed properly. If not, install NewSpace. Or, issue the command NEWRES (with whatever parameters are appropriate) from the DOS prompt, or add the command to your AUTOEXEC.BAT and reboot. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: NewSpace installation canceled. Function: INSTALL Meaning: You indicated to the INSTALL program that you didn't want to proceed with installing NewSpace. What to do: If you do want to install NewSpace, reenter the INSTALL command. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: NewSpace uninstallation canceled. Function: UNINSTALL Meaning: You indicated to the UNINSTALL program that you didn't want to proceed with uninstalling NewSpace. What to do: Nothing. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: No erased version available for recovery. (A normal version exists.) Function: RECOVER NewSpace User Manual Page 33 Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command specifying a file you had not erased. What to do: Check your spelling. If appropriate, enter the command again with the correct file name. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: No recoverable files have been found. Function: RECOVER Meaning: You issued the NEWSPACE RECOVER command (without specifying any file) to find out which files were recoverable, and NewSpace didn't find any recoverable files. You could get this message for any of several reasons: * You haven't erased any compressed files since you installed NewSpace. * You've already recovered all the erased files. * NewSpace had to purge the recoverable files to make room for a file being created. What to do: Make sure that you actually erased a file. If the file you erased wasn't compressed, try using a utility that recovers normal, uncompressed files. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Not enough disk space to install NewSpace. Function: INSTALL Meaning: You don't have enough room on your hard disk for NewSpace to put its programs. NewSpace requires about 225K bytes of space on your disk (although it requires much less than that, once it has been installed). What to do: Free about 225K bytes on your disk (by backing up and then erasing some files) and rerun INSTALL. After you run NEWSPACE COMPRESS, restore the files you erased. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Not enough memory to run COMPRESS. Program terminated. Function: COMPRESS NewSpace User Manual Page 34 Meaning: You don't have enough room in RAM memory for NewSpace to run its COMPRESS program. NewSpace COMPRESS requires about 128K bytes of memory. You are probably trying to run COMPRESS with several other memory-resident programs active. What to do: Unload all memory resident programs other than NewSpace, or restart your system invoking only NewSpace. Then run COMPRESS again. After COMPRESS completes its processing, you can try adding other memory resident programs again. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: One or more files with the same name as a NewSpace program already exist in directory <path>. Do you want to erase it or them? Function: INSTALL Meaning: In the directory indicated (indicated here by <path>), files already exist with the same name as one or more of the NewSpace programs. If they aren't erased, they may be invoked instead of the NewSpace programs being installed. What to do: If you want the existing files to be erased, type Y and press Enter. If you don't, type N and press Enter. In either case, the installation will proceed. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: One or more PATH statements too long to include path to NewSpace programs. Function: INSTALL Meaning: A PATH statement can't be longer than 128 characters. In your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, one or more PATH statements would have been over 128 characters if the path to the directory containing NewSpace programs were included. For those PATH statements, the directory was not added. If this occurred in the last PATH statement in the file, this message is followed by the message "NewSpace commands will not be available from any subdirectory." What to do: Nothing. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Path not found. Function: RECOVER or STATUS NewSpace User Manual Page 35 Meaning: You specified a file including an invalid path specification. What to do: Reenter the command, correcting the path specification. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Specify a number between 0 and 99. Function: INSTALL Meaning: You didn't properly specify how much memory NewSpace should use for its work as a number between 0 and 99. What to do: Type a number between 0 and 99. Then press Enter. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: System statistics being gathered, please wait. Function: COMPRESS Meaning: The COMPRESS program has finished processing. Information is being gathered to display. What to do: Nothing. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: The file xxxxxxxx.))) already exists. Rename it. (Don't erase it.) Function: RECOVER Meaning: You issued a RECOVER command for a file with the name xxxxxxxx (possibly followed by an extension). There is already a current, active version of the same file, as well as a file with the name xxxxxxxx.))). When an active version exists of a file to be recovered, RECOVER renames the current version with the same file name and an extension of ))). Since a file of this name already exists, it is unable to do so. What to do: If you want to recover the file, you must rename the file specified. NOTE: Don't erase the file specified, since that may make the erased file unrecoverable. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: This is not a hard disk drive. Function: INSTALL or UNINSTALL NewSpace User Manual Page 36 Meaning: You entered a character that doesn't represent a hard disk drive on your system. What to do: Type the letter indicating the disk you want to install NewSpace on, and then press Enter. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: This is not a valid drive on your system. Function: INSTALL or UNINSTALL Meaning: You entered a character that doesn't represent a drive on your system. What to do: Type the letter indicating the disk you want to install NewSpace on, and then press Enter. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: This is not a valid path on your system. Function: INSTALL or UNINSTALL Meaning: You entered an invalid path specification to indicate the subdirectory in which NewSpace is to be installed, or from which NewSpace is to be removed. This could be because: * You used invalid characters in the path specification * You used too long a subdirectory name * You specified a subdirectory whose parent doesn't already exist. What to do: Specify one of the following: * The root directory (\) * An existing subdirectory * A valid subdirectory of the root directory * A valid subdirectory of an existing subdirectory ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Unable to compress all eligible files in place. Function: COMPRESS Meaning: The NEWSPACE COMPRESS command could not find room to compress the smallest eligible file on your hard disk. NewSpace User Manual Page 37 What to do: See "Chapter 7: If COMPRESS Can't Compress All Eligible Files in Place" on page 16. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Unable to find program xxxxxxxx.xxx where specified. Function: UNINSTALL Meaning: The uninstallation program was unable to find the NewSpace program xxxxxxxx.xxx where you said it would be. What to do: After the uninstallation program ends, find and erase the NewSpace program or programs listed. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Uninstallation proceeding. Function: UNINSTALL Meaning: The NewSpace uninstallation program was unable to find one or more NewSpace program files, but is continuing to uninstall NewSpace. This message follows the message "Unable to find program xxxxxxxx.xxx where specified." What to do: Nothing. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Message: Versions of NEWSPACE.EXE and NEWRES.EXE are incompatible. Function: COMPRESS, DISK, STATUS, or RECOVER Meaning: The program that starts NewSpace (NEWRES.EXE) and the program that handles the NewSpace commands (NEWSPACE.EXE) don't come from the same release of NewSpace. What to do: Decide which release of NewSpace you mean to be using. Then run INSTALL again from the NewSpace distribution diskette for that release. --------------------------------------------------------------- NewSpace User Manual Page 38