Programmer 7500

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TURBO Pascal Reference Summary (* = V2.0, ** = V3.0) Page 1 (+ = Extended Graphics, - = Turtle Graphics) **GAppendH(F) open text file F for append only +GArcH(X,Y,A,R,C) draw an arc at X,Y A degrees with radius R, color C GAssignH(F,N) assign file F to filename N -GBackH(D) move turtle back distance D GBlockReadH(F,D,N) read N blocks to D from file F GBlockWriteH(F,D,N) write N blocks from D to file F GChainH(F) chain to file F **GChDirH(S) changes the current directory to path string S -GClearScreenH clear active window and home turtle GCloseH(F) close file F GClrEOLH clear to end of current screen line GClrScrH clear entire screenand place cursor in upper left corner +GCircleH(X,Y,R,C) draw circle at X,Y with radius R in color C +GColorTableH(C1,C2,C3,C4) set color translation table GCrtExitH sends the terminal reset string to the screen GCrtInitH send the terminal initialization string to the screen GDelayH(M) delay M milliseconds GDeleteH(S,P,L) delete section of string S GDelLineH deletes line containing cursor and moves all lines below up *GDisposeH(P) recover memory used by P^ *GDrawH(X1,Y1,X2,Y2,C) draw line between two coordinates GEraseH(F) delete file F GExecuteH(F) execute file F **GExitH exit the current block GFillCharH(V,L,D) fill V with data D for L bytes +GFillPatternH(X1,Y1,X2,Y2,C) fill rectangular area with pattern in color C +GFillScreenH(C) fill active window with color C +GFillShapeH(X,Y,FC,BC) fill area having border color BC with color FC GFlushH(F) empty internal sector buffer for file F -GForwdH(D) move turtle forward distance D *GFreeMemH(P,I) reclaim I bytes of memory used by P^ **GGetDirH(D,S) return current subdirectory for drive D in string S GGetMemH(P,I) allocate I bytes of memory for P^ +GGetPicH(B,X1,Y1,X2,Y2) copy contents of rectangle from screen into buffer B GGotoXYH(X,Y) move cursor to X,Y (1,1 = upper left) *GGraphBackgroundH(N) set background to one of 16 colors *GGraphColorModeH set mode to 320x200 dots color graphics *GGraphModeH set mode to 320x200 dots black & white graphics *GGraphWindowH(X1,Y1,X2,Y2) define active window (default = 0,0,319,199) GHaltH stop program execution **GHaltH(I) stop program execution and pass return code I to DOS -GHideTurtleH hide the turtle so it is not shown on screen GHighVideoH sets high intensity display mode Procedures TURBO Pascal Reference Summary (* = V2.0, ** = V3.0) Page 2 (+ = Extended Graphics, - = Turtle Graphics) *GHiResH 640x200 dots black & one color graphics *GHiResColorH(C) select single color for HiRes graphics -GHomeH put the turtle to its home position, heading 0 GInsertH(S,D,P) insert string D into string S at position P GInsLineH insert an empty line at the cursor and move lines below down GIntrH(I,R) perform interrupt I with regs R GLongSeekH(F,P) move to record P in file F, argument P is real GLowVideoH sets low intensity display mode GMarkH(P) mark heap pointer at P^ **GMkDirH(S) create new subdirectory specified in string S GMoveH(S,D,L) move L bytes from S to D directly in memory GMsDosH(R) make call to MS-DOS with regs R GNewH(P) create memory for P^ GNormVideoH sets high intensity display mode *GNoSoundH turn off speaker -GNoWrapH disable turtle from wrapping around window **GOvrPathH(S) specify path in string S for overlay files *GPaletteH(I) activate specifed palette ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ color number: 0 1 2 3 │ ├────────────┬───────────────┬──────────────┬───────────────┬────────────┤ │ palette 0 │ background │ green │ red │ brown │ │ palette 1 │ background │ cyan │ magenta │ lightgray│ │ palette 2 │ background │ lightgreen │ lightred │ yellow │ │ palette 3 │ background │ lightcyan │ lightmagenta│ white │ └────────────┴───────────────┴──────────────┴───────────────┴────────────┘ +GPatternH(P) define pattern used by FillPattern procedure -GPenDownH put pen down so line is drawn when turtle moves -GPenUpH lift the pen so turtle moves without drawing line *GPlotH(X,Y,C) plot a point at X,Y in color C +GPutPicH(B,X,Y) copy contents of buffer B onto screen at X,Y GRandomizeH initialize random number generator seed GReadH(P1,...) read items in from the keyboard GReadH(F,P1,...) read items from file F GReadlnH(P1,...) same as Read except moves to new line at end GReadlnH(F,P1,..) same as Read except moves to new line at end GReleaseH(P) reset heap pointer to P^ GRenameH(F,N) rename file F to file name N GResetH(F) open existing file **GResetH(F,N) open existing file with record size N GRewriteH(F) open new file (erase if already exists) **GRewriteH(F,N) open new file as above with record size N **GRmDirH(S) remove subdirectory specified in string S Procedures TURBO Pascal Reference Summary (* = V2.0, ** = V3.0) Page 3 (+ = Extended Graphics, - = Turtle Graphics) GSeekH(F,P) move to record P in file F -GSetHeadingH(A) turn turtle to angle A (0 is upward) -GSetPenColorH(C) set the pen color to C -GSetPositionH(X,Y) move turtle to coordinates X,Y without drawing line -GShowTurtleH display turtle on screen *GSoundH(I) turn on speaker at frequency I Hz GStrH(N,S) convert number N to string S *GTextBackgroundH(I) set background color (0 thru 7) *GTextColorH(I) set character color ┌──────────────┬──────┐┌───────────────┬─────┐ │ Black │ 0 ││ DarkGray │ 8 │ │ Blue │ 1 ││ LightBlue │ 9 │ │ Green │ 2 ││ LightGreen │ 10 │ │ Cyan │ 3 ││ LightCyan │ 11 │ │ Red │ 4 ││ LightRed │ 12 │ │ Magenta │ 5 ││ LightMagenta │ 13 │ │ Brown │ 6 ││ Yellow │ 14 │ │ LightGray │ 7 ││ White │ 15 │ ├──────────────┼──────┤├───────────────┼─────┤ │ Blink │ 16 ││ │ │ └──────────────┴──────┘└───────────────┴─────┘ *GTextModeH(I) 25 lines of 40 or 80 characters ┌───────────────────┬─────────────────────┐ │ BW40 0 │ BW80 2 │ │ C40 1 │ C80 3 │ └───────────────────┴─────────────────────┘ **GTruncateH(F) truncates file F at current position of file pointer -GTurnLeftH(A) turn turtle left A degrees from current direction -GTurnRightH(A) turn turtle right A degrees from current direction -GTurtleDelayH(D) set delay in milliseconds between each step of turtle -GTurtleWindowH(X,Y,W,H) define active window at X,Y, height H, width W GValH(S,N,P) convert string S to number N (error in P) *GWindowH(X1,Y1,X2,Y2) define active window on screen (default = 1,1,80,25) -GWrapH enable turtle to wrap around window GWriteH(P1,...) write items out to screen GWriteH(F,P1,...) write items out to file F GWritelnH(P1,...) same as write except starts new line at end GWritelnH(F,P1,.) same as write except starts new line at end Procedures TURBO Pascal Reference Summary (* = V2.0, ** = V3.0) Page 4 (+ = Extended Graphics, - = Turtle Graphics) GAbsH(A) absolute value of A (real, integer) GAddrH(V) address of variable V (pointer) GAddrH(SubP) address of subprogram SubP (pointer) GArcTanH(X) arctangent of X (real) GChrH(I) character with ASCII value I (char) GConcatH(S,...S) concatenation of strings (string) GCopyH(S,P,L) substring at P length L (string) GCosH(X) cosine of X (real) GEofH(F) end-of-file test on file F (boolean) GEolnH(F) end-of-line test on file F (boolean) GExpH(X) exponential of X (real) GFilePosH(F) current record in file F (integer) GFileSizeH(F) total records in file F (integer) GFracH(X) fractional portion of X (real) +GGetDotColorH(X,Y) color value of dot at X,Y (integer) -GHeadingH direction the turtle is currently pointing (integer) GHiH(I) upper byte of I (integer) GIntH(X) integer portion of X (real) GIOresultH error code for IO operation ┌────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ 00 │ successful completion │ │ 01 │ file does not exist │ │ 02 │ file not open for input │ │ 03 │ file not open for output │ │ 04 │ file not open │ │ 10 │ error in numeric format │ │ 20 │ operation not allowed on a logical device │ │ 21 │ not allowed in direct mode │ │ 22 │ assign to Std files not allowed │ │ 90 │ record length mismatch │ │ 91 │ seek beyond end-of-file │ │ 99 │ unexpected end-of-file │ │ F0 │ disk write error │ │ F1 │ directory full │ │ F2 │ file size overflow │ │ F3 │ too many open files │ │ FF │ file disappeared │ └────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ GKeyPressedH keyboard status flag (boolean) GLengthH(S) length of string S (integer) GLnH(X) natural logarithm of X (real) GLoH(I) lower byte of I (integer) Functions TURBO Pascal Reference Summary (* = V2.0, ** = V3.0) Page 5 (+ = Extended Graphics, - = Turtle Graphics) GLongFilePosH(F) current position of file pointer (real) GLongFileSizeH(F size of the disk file (real) *GMaxAvailH size of the largest block of free space on heap GMemAvailH paragraphs available (integer) GOddH(I) odd/even test of I (boolean) GOrdH(Sc) ordinal value of scalar variable (integer) GPosH(P,S) position of string P in string S (integer) GPtrH(seg,offset) pointer to address seg:offset (pointer) GPredH(Sc) predecessor of scalar value (same type) **GParamCountH length of command line parameter string (integer) **GParamStrH(N) command line parameter N (string) GRandomH random value from 0.0 to 0.999... (real) GRandomH(I) random value from 0 to I-1 (integer) GRoundH(X) rounded-off value of real (integer) **GSeekEofH(F) end-of-file test for text file (boolean) **GSeekEolnH(F) end-of-line test for text file (boolean) GSinH(X) sine of X (real) GSizeOfH(V) size in bytes of variable V (integer) GSizeOfH(T) size in bytes of data type T (integer) GSqrH(A) A * A (real, integer) GSqrtH(A) square root of A (real) GSuccH(Sc) successor of scalar value (same type) GSwapH(I) I with upper, lower bytes swapped (integer) GTruncH(X) truncated value of X (integer) -GTurtleThereH turtle visable test (boolean) GUpCaseH(C) C converted to uppercase (char) *GWhereXH X coordinate of cursor (integer) *GWhereYH Y coordinate of cursor (integer) -GXcorH turtle's current X-coordinate (integer) -GYcorH turtle's current Y-coordinate (integer) GAbsolute Addresses:H ┌──────────────────┬────────────┬────────────┐ │ Parameter │Version 2.00│Version 3.00│ ├──────────────────┼────────────┼────────────┤ │ Windows: X1-1 │ DSeg:$0156 │ DSeg:$0004 │ │ Y1-1 │ DSeg:$0157 │ DSeg:$0005 │ │ X2 │ CSeg:$016A │ CSeg:$016A │ │ Y2 │ CSeg:$016B │ CSeg:$016B │ │ Text Attributes │ DSeg:$0155 │ DSeg:$0008 │ │ Min Free Dyn Mem │ CSeg:$2835 │ CSeg:$2CC3 │ │ Max Free Dyn Mem │ CSeg:$2837 │ CSeg:$2CC5 │ └──────────────────┴────────────┴────────────┘ Absolute Addresses Functions TURBO Pascal Reference Summary (* = V2.0, ** = V3.0) Page 6 (+ = Extended Graphics, - = Turtle Graphics) GAuxH assigned to the AUX: auxiliary device (modem) GAuxInPtrH contains address of the AuxIn function (AUX:) GAuxOutPtrH contains address of the AuxOut procedure (AUX:) GBooleanH True or False, False < True (one byte) GBufLenH change console input buffer limit (0..127) default = 127 GByteH subrange of integer 0..255 (one byte) GCharH one ASCII character (one byte) GConH assigned to the CON: console device (CRT, keyboard) buffered GConInPtrH contains address of the ConIn function (CON:,TRM:,KBD:) GConOutPtrH contains address of the ConOut procedure (CON:,TRM:,KBD:) GConStPtrH contains address of the ConSt function (keypressed) GCsegH returns the address of the Code Segment GDsegH returns the address of the Data Segment **GErr:H assigned to the MS-DOS standard error output file GFalseH boolean false constant GHeapPtrH value of the heap pointer **GInp:H assigned to the MS-DOS standard input file GInputH primary input file ($B+ = CON: or $B- = TRM:) GIntegerH whole numbers from -32,767(8) to 32,767 (two bytes) GKbdH assigned to the KBD: keyboard input device (not echoed) GLstH assigned to the LST: list output device (printer) GLstOutPtrH contains address of the LstOut procedure (LST:) GMaxIntH constant = 32767 (largest integer allowed) GMemH[0000:0000] byte array to access memory GMemWH[0000:0000] word array to access memory LSB|MSB GOfsH(name) returns the offset in memory of name **GOut:H assigned to the MS-DOS standard output file GOutputH primary output file ($B+ = CON: or $B- = TRM:) GPiH constant = 3.1415926536E+00 GPortH[0000] byte array to access IO Ports GPortWH[0000] word array to access IO Ports GRealH range of 1E-38 to 1E+38, 11 significant digits (six bytes) GSegH(name) returns the address of the segment containing name GSsegH returns the address of the Stack Segment GTextH standard type identifier for text file GTrmH assigned to the TRM: terminal device (CRT, keyboard) (echoed) GTrueH boolean true constant GUsrH assigned to the USR: user device (user input/output routines) GUsrInPtrH contains address of the UsrIn function (USR:) GUsrOutPtrH contains address of the UsrOut procedure (USR:) Standard Identifiers TURBO Pascal Reference Summary (* = V2.0, ** = V3.0) Page 7 (+ = Extended Graphics, - = Turtle Graphics) Compiler Directives:H Syntax {$B-,C-} or {$IWindow.Pas} GB+H Controls input/ouput mode selection B+ = CON: device assigned to standard files Input and Output B- = Trm: device assigned to standard files Input and Output GC+H Controls control character interpretation during console I/O C+ = Ctrl-C in response to Read or Readln will interrupt program Ctrl-S will toggle screen output off and on C- = control characters are not interpreted **GD+H Controls device checking (G,P non-zero) D+ = disable buffering if file is assigned to device D- = all device I/O operations are buffered **GF16H Controls number of files that may be open simultaneously Set files=nn parameter in Config.Sys file to if more than 8 **GG0H Input file buffer 0 = Input file refers to CON: or TRM: device non 0 = Input file refers to MS-DOS standard input handle GI+H Controls I/O error handling I+ = all I/O operations are checked for errors I- = program must check for I/O errors using IOResult I filename = include file in compilation GK+H Controls the generation of stack check code K+ = check is made to ensure that space is available for local variables on the stack before each call to a subprogram K- = no checks are made **GP0H Output file buffer 0 = Output file refers to CON: or TRM: device non 0 = Output file refers to MS-DOS standard output handle GR-H Controls run-time index checks R+ = all array indexing operations are checked to be within bounds R- = no checks are performed GV+H Controls type checking on strings passed as VAR parameters V+ = strict type checking is performed V- = allows passing of actual parameters which do not match the length of the formal parameter GU-H Controls user interrupts U+ = user may interrupt the program anytime with Ctrl-C U- = Ctrl-C has no effect (See C Compiler Directive) Compiler Directives TURBO Pascal Reference Summary (* = V2.0, ** = V3.0) Page 8 (+ = Extended Graphics, - = Turtle Graphics) GRun-Time Error Messages:H ┌────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ 01 │ Floating point overflow │ │ 02 │ Division by zero attempted │ │ 03 │ Sqrt argument error (negative) │ │ 04 │ Ln argument error (zero or negative) │ │ 10 │ String length error (>255, or >0 to char) │ │ 11 │ Invalid string index (not 1..255) │ │ 90 │ Index out of range │ │ 91 │ Scalar or subrange out of range │ │ 92 │ Out of integer range (Trunc or Round) │ │ F0 │ Overlay file not found │ │ FF │ Heap/stack collision │ └────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ GReserved Words: absolute external nil shl and file not shr array for of string begin forward or then case function *overlay to const goto packed type div if procedure until do in program var downto inline record while else label repeat with end mod set xorH Reserved Words Run-Timer Error Messages