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Pas-Ed (TM) version 1.4 Programmer's Editor for Pascal ┌───────────────┐ │ USER'S MANUAL │ └───────────────┘ Copyright (C) 1989 by Hedco, Inc. All rights reserved. November, 1989 ──────────────────────── Hedco, Inc. P.O. Box 606 Tehachapi, CA 93581 USA Telephone: (805) 821-0167 Monday through Friday, 9am to 5pm Pacific time On CompuServe: 76137,1656 Title Page Pas-Ed Manual Copyrights and Trademarks ───────────────────────── Pas-Ed version 1.4 is copyrighted (C) 1989 by Hedco, Inc. Pas-Ed and Hedco are trademarks of Hedco, Inc. Turbo Pascal, Turbo Debugger, Turbo Assembler, and Sidekick are registered trademarks of Borland International, Inc. TurboPower Software is a trademark of TurboPower Software, Inc. WordStar is a registered trademark of WordStar International, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Acknowledgments ─────────────── The EMS/Disk swapping routine is based on the public domain unit EXECSWAP, and the prompt in the DOS shell is based on the public domain unit TPENV, both written by Kim Kokkonen, president of TurboPower Software. Preface Pas-Ed Manual - Page i Pas-Ed License Agreement ──────────────────────── DEFINITIONS ─────────── Hedco - Hedco, Inc. Pas-Ed - The Pas-Ed software and documentation. LICENSE ─────── Pas-Ed is a copyrighted, proprietary program of Hedco. A single-user limited license is granted to you to use Pas-Ed for your personal use for a fifteen (15) day trial period. If you would like to purchase a single-user license to continue to use Pas-Ed after the trial period, you may do so by making a $25 payment to Hedco at the address shown on the Title Page of this manual. To purchase a group license, contact Hedco for fees and instructions. If you do not purchase a license from Hedco to use Pas-Ed, you must discontinue use of Pas-Ed after the 15 day trial period. LIMITED, EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY ─────────────────────────── Hedco warrants that the software will perform substantially as described in the documentation for a period of 30 days from the date of purchase. Hedco makes no other warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the software or its documentation, their quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. This Limited Warranty is void if the software or documentation has been abused, misapplied, or altered. LIABILITY DISCLAIMER AND REMEDIES ───────────────────────────────── In no event will Hedco be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use Pas-Ed even if Hedco has been advised of the possibility of such damages, and the entire and exclusive liability and remedy shall be to return Pas-Ed to Hedco within the warranty period for replacement or refund. GOVERNING LAW ───────────── This License Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, and any action filed hereunder shall only be brought in Kern County, California. Preface Pas-Ed Manual - Page ii Table of Contents ───────────────── Preface Page i Copyrights and Trademarks ............................ i Acknowledgments ...................................... i Pas-Ed License Agreement ............................. ii Chapter 1 Introduction To Pas-Ed Page 1 About This Manual .................................... 1 About Pas-Ed ......................................... 1 System Requirements .................................. 3 Before Running Pas-Ed ................................ 4 Contacting Hedco ..................................... 4 Chapter 2 What's New In Version 1.4 Page 5 New Features ......................................... 5 Chapter 3 Setting Up Pas-Ed Page 9 Pas-Ed Files ......................................... 9 Getting Pas-Ed Ready ................................. 9 Starting Pas-Ed ...................................... 10 The Status Line ...................................... 11 Navigating The Menu System ........................... 11 The Options Menu ..................................... 12 The Color Chart ...................................... 14 The User Utilities ................................... 15 Setting Up The Macros ................................ 16 Setting Up The Files ................................. 16 Setting Up Turbo Pascal .............................. 17 Ready To Go .......................................... 17 Chapter 4 A Tour Of Pas-Ed Page 18 Getting Ready ........................................ 18 Restoring Your Setup ................................. 18 The Editor ........................................... 18 Switching Exec Files and Directories ................. 20 The Window Menu ...................................... 21 The Search Menu ...................................... 21 The Macro Menu ....................................... 22 The Other Menus ...................................... 23 The Pop-up Tables .................................... 23 Switching Video Modes ................................ 23 Table of Contents Pas-Ed Manual Table of Contents (continued) ───────────────────────────── Chapter 5 The Pas-Ed Menu System Page 24 About The Menus ...................................... 24 The Menu Selections .................................. 24 File Menu ............................................ 24 Window Menu .......................................... 26 Edit Menu ............................................ 27 Search Menu .......................................... 27 Macros Menu .......................................... 28 Compile Menu ......................................... 29 Run Menu ............................................. 30 Debug Menu ........................................... 30 Language Menu ........................................ 31 Options Menu ......................................... 35 Chapter 6 The Pas-Ed Editor Page 40 About The Editor ..................................... 40 The Editor Message Line .............................. 40 The Editor Status Line ............................... 41 The Function Keys .................................... 41 Entering Text ........................................ 43 Chapter 7 Hints On Using Pas-Ed Page 44 Table of Contents Pas-Ed Manual Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed ────────────────────────────────── About This Manual ───────────────── This manual is organized into seven chapters: Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed (this chapter) Chapter 2 - What's New In Version 1.4 Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Chapter 6 - The Pas-Ed Editor Chapter 7 - Hints on Using Pas-Ed It's assumed in this manual that you're familiar with Turbo Pascal and the Turbo Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The Pas-Ed editor is identical to the editor in the Turbo IDE. This manual doesn't attempt to explain the intricacies of Turbo Pascal or of WordStar-type editors. These subjects are covered in detail in the Turbo Pascal manuals, which you're assumed to have. This manual strives to get you, the programmer, up and running with Pas-Ed in as little time as possible. This is accomplished via a hands-on, setup tutorial in Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed. Completing this tutorial should take about 15-20 minutes, by which time you should have Pas-Ed set up to your liking. Those who are already familiar with Pas-Ed should read Chapter 2 - What's New In Version 1.4, which explains the new features added to version 1.4. Users familiar with the Turbo IDE or Sidekick should have no trouble running Pas-Ed at that point. Those who would like a more complete introduction are encouraged to read Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed, which steps you through some of the more important features of Pas-Ed as they're explained. With all the new features added to version 1.4, even experienced Pas-Ed users should read Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed and Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed. We also recommend browsing through Chapter 7 - Hints on Using Pas-Ed. About Pas-Ed ──────────── Pas-Ed is an ASCII file programmer's editor created to streamline the process of editing, compiling, debugging, and running programs written in Turbo Pascal. Since it's an ASCII file editor, Pas-Ed can also be used to edit programs for Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 1 other compilers, but it will be clear when you run Pas-Ed that it's main forte is Turbo Pascal. Pas-Ed's support for Turbo Pascal is unmatched by any other programmer's editor. Pas-Ed combines the ease of use of the Turbo IDE with sophisticated multi-file and memory handling abilities to allow you to write programs far larger than with the Turbo IDE. Some of Pas-Ed's features include: - An integrated development environment for ease of use. - Edit up to 21 files in a combination of DOS and EMS memory. - Windows can be individually opened and closed, zoomed and unzoomed, hidden and unhidden, and recolored. - Easy movement between the windows using both "hot key" commands and the Memory-Files and Recent-Files Pick lists. - Five user-selected utilities, each with its own command line, can be built into and run from the menus. - 43/50 line screen modes on EGA/VGA systems with a "hot key" video mode selector. - Switch between 25 and 28 lines as the standard screen height (providing your video system is in 28 line mode). - Direct menu support for all Turbo Pascal compiler and linker switches. - Automatic TPC.CFG compiler configuration file generation based on menu selections. - EMS or disk swapping during DOS shells and compile, debug and run sessions, which reduces Pas-Ed's DOS memory usage to only 6K. - Set up a project file which can easily be "hot keyed" as the program to compile, run, or debug. - When entering file names, the file path can be "hot keyed" between the current directory, the Pas-Ed directory, and the EXE/TPU directory. - Pass a command line to programs being run. - Menu-operated debugging from within Pas-Ed using Turbo Debugger, and you can pass a command line to both Turbo Debugger and the program being debugged. - Automatic error locating including /F Find Error. - Automatic restoration of the previous setup at startup. Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 2 - Keyboard macros with adjustable playback delay. - Inter-file block copy and move of text. - Block indent and unindent with adjustable spacing. - Find and replace using text from a marked block. - 10 placemarkers that operate within and between files, including files on disk. - Jump to a specific file or line number. - Adjustable cursor size. - Pop-up ASCII character table (shows the ASCII character and its decimal, hex, and binary values, plus, if the ASCII value is under 32, the control code). - Pop-up extended key code table (shows the extended key codes of the function keys, <Alt> + keys, arrow keys, etc.). System Requirements ─────────────────── Hedco recommends that you run Pas-Ed on a computer system with at least 512k of DOS memory and a hard disk. EMS memory is not required. Pas-Ed will run on a high-capacity floppy disk system, but you should realize that DOS memory swaps will necessarily be slow if they must be made to disk. Also, because Pas-Ed leaves such a small kernel in memory when swapped out, swap sizes will approach the amount of free DOS memory as reported by CHKDSK. This could be a problem on floppy disk systems. In the following example of a 720k floppy drive system, CHKDSK reports 451,328 bytes of free memory, which gives a good approximation of the size of the swap file: A:\>chkdsk 730112 bytes total disk space 45056 bytes in 2 hidden files 214016 bytes in 7 user files 471040 bytes available on disk 655360 bytes total memory 451328 bytes free In the example, with only 471,040 bytes available on disk and a swap file size of close to 451,328 bytes, there will be almost no room left on the disk for the Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 3 compiled program and/or for using a disk link buffer after the swap file has been written to disk. Systems with dual 720k floppy drives will necessarily need to use both drives, and lesser systems will be unable to run Pas-Ed. If you are running Pas-Ed on a floppy disk system and have no EMS memory and only one or two edit window open, try turning EMS/Disk swapping off during DOS shells or when compiling very small programs. Pas-Ed compresses the heap when EMS/Disk swapping is disabled, and exec sessions requiring minimal amounts of memory should operate without problem. If you get insufficient memory messages, turn EMS/Disk swapping back on or close the second window if you have two windows open, and enable disk linking. Before Running Pas-Ed ───────────────────── Before running Pas-Ed, check: 1) the directory you plan to start Pas-Ed from (which may be different from the directory containing the Pas-Ed files); 2) the directory containing the TPC.EXE Turbo Pascal command line compiler; 3) the Pas-Ed directory; and 4) any directories on the DOS path. What you're looking for are extra copies of the TPC.CFG compiler configuration file. Delete any copies of this file found. Pas-Ed will create an updated TPC.CFG file before compiles using your latest menu settings. Extra copies of the TPC.CFG file which are further up the DOS path than the one Pas-Ed creates will be used by the compiler instead of the one created by Pas-Ed, causing unpredictable results. Remember that you can specify a full path name for TPC.CFG, so you can instruct Pas-Ed to write the TPC.CFG file into the directory with the compiler and thus eliminate path problems altogether. Contacting Hedco ──────────────── Pas-Ed is continually evolving to meet the needs of Pascal programmers. As you use Pas-Ed, you'll undoubtedly think of additional features which Pas-Ed should have or changes that might enhance the program. Please write Hedco with your suggestions or comments. Our address is: Hedco, Inc. P.O. Box 606 Tehachapi, CA 93581 USA Telephone: (805) 821-0167 Monday through Friday, 9am to 5pm Pacific time On CompuServe: 76137,1656 Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 4 Chapter 2 - What's New In Version 1.4 ───────────────────────────────────── New Features ──────────── Because of the quickness of the update to version 1.4, this listing also contains the new features added to the previous version. Pas-Ed version 1.4 contains a wealth of new features to make your Turbo Pascal programming easier. All the new features were added at user request, and we encourage you to send us your suggestions on how to improve Pas-Ed. The following is a list of the new features along with an explanation of their operation: - Pas-Ed now searches for the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file along the DOS path so you can start Pas-Ed from any directory or drive as long as you've properly set up the path. - Pas-Ed now has two Pick lists. The original Pick list (the Memory-Files Pick list) contained the files loaded in memory. This Pick list is still available through the Window/M-Pick menu option and from the editor via <Alt-F3>. The new Pick list (the Recent-Files Pick list) contains the ten most recently edited files, and is available through the File/R-Pick menu option and from the editor via <Ctrl-F3>. If the file chosen from this list is in memory, Pas-Ed will switch to it, and if the file isn't in memory, Pas-Ed will load the file into the current window and reposition the cursor to where it was when the file was last being edited. Like the Memory-Files Pick list, this Pick list will jump into hidden windows. This Pick list is saved in the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file and restored at startup. - Pas-Ed's placemarkers now jump into disk files as well as in-memory files. If the file with the placemarker is in memory, Pas-Ed will switch to it and reposition the cursor to where it was when the placemarker was set, even if the file is in a different window from the one where the placemarker was set or if the file has been hidden. If the file isn't in memory, Pas-Ed will load the file into the current window and reposition the cursor. In addition, the placemarkers are now saved in the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file and restored at startup. - Pas-Ed now supports block indent and unindent via the ^KI and ^KU block commands. The number of spaces to indent or unindent can be set through the Options/Indent/Unindent menu option, and is saved in the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file and restored at startup. Chapter 2 - What's New In Version 1.4 Pas-Ed Manual - Page 5 - In the Options/Edit File Save selection, the "No" file save option has been renamed to the more descriptive "Browse." Note that Pas-Ed still allows you to freely edit and cut and paste from a Browse file; Pas-Ed will simply clear the edit buffer without saving the file when a new file is loaded or when exiting Pas-Ed. If necessary, a file save can be forced with either the File/Save menu selection or the <F2> editing command, and Pas-Ed will now verify a Browse file save before saving the file. - Pas-Ed now enters the editor immediately after the opening screen and automatically loads the files you were previously editing without cycling the files through the File Name window. Pas-Ed also accepts file names as command line parameters, with ".PAS" as the default extension. An example would be: C>pas-ed file1 file2 file3.asm In this example, instead of loading your previous files, Pas-Ed would load FILE1.PAS, FILE2.PAS, and FILE3.ASM. If you specify more files than can fit into available memory, Pas-Ed will load as many files as possible. - Pas-Ed now returns directly to editor after actions which were initiated by direct commands from the editor, such as the <Alt-F3> and <Ctrl-F3> Pick lists, the <F9> make command, etc. - The "hot key" commands now work from everywhere in Pas-Ed including the pop-up edit message and edit windows. - Pas-Ed returns directly to the menus after full DOS shells. Single command DOS shells still require the <Esc> key to be pressed, as this allows you to see the on-screen results of the command before returning to Pas-Ed. - The default NONAME file format has been changed to PAS-xxxx.PAS so that the file names show up on default "*.PAS" directories. - The File/Clear command now changes the name in the current window to a default PAS-xxxx.PAS file name after clearing the edit buffer to prevent accidentally erasing a file. - The cursor size is now adjustable through the Options/Cursor Size option. - The editor's window commands have been expanded in a logical manner: - The <F3> command loads a file, and now <Alt-F3> calls up the Memory-Files Pick list and <Ctrl-F3> the Recent-Files Pick list. Chapter 2 - What's New In Version 1.4 Pas-Ed Manual - Page 6 - The <F4> command opens a window, and now <Alt-F4> closes the current window. - The <F6> command rotates forward through the windows, and now <Alt-F6> rotates backward through the windows. - There is a new Options/Verify Before Exit switch. If this option is on and you give an exit command, the "Verify exit" message appears and you must verify the exit before Pas-Ed will exit to DOS. If this option is off, Pas-Ed immediately exits to DOS without verifying. - The available DOS and EMS memory are displayed in Options/Memory Usage submenu. - Pas-Ed now has five user-selected utilities built into the menu system. These utilities may be any executable or batch files, and are started via the File/Utilities menu selection. The names of the five utilities are entered via the Options/Name User Utilities selection. ".EXE" is the default extension, and any file name entered without an extension will have ".EXE' appended to it. You may also enter a command line for each utility which is then passed to the utility when it's called. The names of the utilities and their command lines are saved in the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file and restored at startup. - Pas-Ed can now pass a command line to the file being run, and the command line may be edited via the Language/Files submenu or just prior to the run session. - Pas-Ed now passes a command line to Turbo Debugger, and the command line may be edited via the Language/Files submenu or just prior to the debug session. Pas-Ed can also pass the Run Command Line to the program being debugged. - Pas-Ed now has a project file, which can be edited via the Language/Files submenu. When entering the name of a file to compile, run, or debug or when entering one of five the user utilities, the new <Alt-N> (for Name) command switches the file name between the project file and the file in the current window. - Also when entering the name of a file to compile, run, or debug or when entering one of five the user utilities, the new <Alt-P> command switches the directory path between the current directory, the Pas-Ed directory, and the EXE/TPU directory. - The Unit, Include, and Object directories passed to the TPC.EXE compiler have been expanded to 125 characters. - Pas-Ed's memory usage during DOS memory swaps has been reduced to just 6k of DOS memory. Chapter 2 - What's New In Version 1.4 Pas-Ed Manual - Page 7 - Pas-Ed now searches for the macro file along the path, and will change the macro file name when found to include the correct path. - Pas-Ed now checks your file before saving for errant End-Of-File markers that could result in the loss of the portions of your file that follow the marker. Any End-OF-File markers imbedded in the body of your source code are changed to spaces. End-Of-File markers in the source code form of "^Z" and "#26" are not affected. - The default directory can now be changed via the File/New Dir option. - After a DOS shell, Pas-Ed automatically switches back to the default directory. - The status line can now be recovered and used for editing via the Options/Editor Status Line option. - The new <Alt-V> "hot key" toggles between 25 and 43/50 line screen modes from either the editor or the menus. - Pas-Ed can now switch between 25 and 28 lines as the standard screen height, providing your video system is in 28 line mode, using the Options/Type of Monitor submenu. - The new <Alt-F1> "hot key" displays the last DOS screen. - When changing colors using the Color Chart, the down arrow now reduces the byte color value and the up arrow increases it. Chapter 2 - What's New In Version 1.4 Pas-Ed Manual - Page 8 Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed ───────────────────────────── Pas-Ed Files ──────────── If you haven't already done so, make backup copies of the Pas-Ed files. The complete Pas-Ed package includes the following files: PAS-ED.EXE The Pas-Ed program. This is the only file needed to run Pas-Ed. PAS-ED.MAC The sample macro file. PAS-ED.MAN The complete, on-disk manual (this file). PAS-ED.CFG The Pas-Ed configuration file. This file is NOT included in the Pas-Ed package, but is listed here for completeness. It is created by Pas-Ed when you exit the program, and contains data representing the state of Pas-Ed upon exit. It's used to restore your last setup when you restart Pas-Ed. By default, Pas-Ed uses the following programs from Borland International to compile and debug Turbo Pascal programs: TPC.EXE The Turbo Pascal compiler and library files. These files are TURBO.TPL used to compile your source code files. TD.EXE Turbo Debugger. Getting Pas-Ed Ready ──────────────────── Those unfamiliar with setting up directories and paths and copying files should refer to your DOS or Turbo Pascal manuals. The easiest way to set up Pas-Ed is to copy all the necessary Pas-Ed, compiler, and debugger files into the same directory. If this isn't feasible, another method is to have the Pas-Ed, compiler, and debugger files in different directories and use DOS' PATH command to tell DOS where to look for the files. For example, if the compiler files were located on your hard disk drive C in the directory \TP, the command would be: PATH=C:\TP Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 9 This command is best entered into your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, and you can specify several directories separated by ";", such as: PATH=C:\TP;C:\TD;D:\PAS-ED If you've started Pas-Ed from a directory other than the one containing Pas-Ed, Pas-Ed will follow the path to find it's configuration file, and Pas-Ed either accepts full path names for the other files it needs or will follow the path to find them, allowing Pas-Ed to be started from any directory. Starting Pas-Ed ─────────────── With Pas-Ed in the current directory or on the DOS path, type "PAS-ED" at the DOS prompt. The program will load from disk and the Pas-Ed license menu will appear. It will be necessary to accept the Pas-Ed License Agreement for the program to continue. The Pas-Ed License Agreement is located in the preface of this manual. This menu appears the first time Pas-Ed is started, and thereafter the program is entered directly. Since this is the first time the program has been run, there's no PAS-ED.CFG configuration file for Pas-Ed to read to restore the prior setup. A message to this effect appears, which, if you had previously run Pas-Ed and had created a configuration file, would alert you to possible corruption of the PAS-ED.CFG file so you could recheck your configuration settings. Press <Esc> to clear the message, and the Pas-Ed copyright, trademark, and registration notice appears. Press <Esc> to clear the notice, and you're immediately placed in the Pas-Ed editor. If you're not starting Pas-Ed from the Pas-Ed directory and not using the DOS path to the Pas-Ed files, a message appears prior to the editor notifying you that an error has occurred loading the macro file. This is normal, since Pas-Ed can't find the macro file in either the current directory or along the path and you haven't yet given Pas-Ed a macro file name with a full path attached. Press <Esc> to clear this message and bring up the editor. The editor is explained in greater detail in Chapter 6 - The Pas-Ed Editor. For now, notice that the top line of the screen contains the editor's message line, and the bottom line contains the status line. Notice also that the file name on the top line of the screen is of the format "PAS-xxxx.PAS". This is Pas-Ed's default file format, and is used whenever Pas-Ed needs to open a new file. Pas-Ed will initially try the file PAS-1.PAS. If this file exists in the current directory, Pas-Ed will open PAS-2.PAS, and if PAS-2.PAS exists, Pas-Ed will open PAS-3.PAS, etc. Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 10 The Status Line ─────────────── The status line shows prompt or status information about Pas-Ed, and is always visible unless you've recovered this line for editing via the Options/Editor Status Line menu option, in which case the status line will appear only in the menu system. The status line is broken into three sections: - At the far left is the number of the currently active window. Since window one is active, a "1" appears here. If two windows were open and the second window were active, a "2" would be displayed. If macro recording were enabled, an "M" would be displayed next to the window number. Thus, if the fourth window was active and macro recording were on, "4M" would be displayed. - In the middle is the prompt information about the system (menu or editor) currently active. Since the editor is active, this section displays keyword explanations of the functions assigned to the function keys. If the menu system were active, this section would display prompt information about the currently highlighted menu selection. - To the far right is the memory location of the active window. If the active window had been allocated in DOS memory, "DOS" would be displayed; if in EMS memory, "EMS" would appear here. Press <F10> to open the menu system. The top line of the screen now contains Pas-Ed's main menu. Since "Edit" is highlighted, the status line briefly explains the Edit menu option. Navigating The Menu System ────────────────────────── The menu system is navigated by using either the dedicated movement keys, such as the arrow, Home, and End keys, or WordStar commands, such as <Ctrl-S> for left, <Ctrl-D> for right, etc. Pressing <Enter> when the light bar is over a selection or pressing its highlighted letter selects it, and <Esc> deselects or closes a menu. Open the Options menu by pressing <Alt-O>. All the main menu selections, such as File, Window, Edit, Search, etc., are "hot-keyed", meaning they can be selected from anywhere in Pas-Ed, including from the editor, by pressing the Alt key and the first letter of the selection. (The only exceptions to this are the pop-up edit windows, since they use some of the hot keys for other commands.) Try out the menu hot keys at this time by pressing <Alt-E> to go back to the editor, then <Alt-O> to reopen the Options menu. Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 11 The Options Menu ──────────────── The Options menu contains most of the selections needed to set up Pas-Ed. At the top of the Options menu is "Config auto save." If this selection is on, the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file is saved to disk whenever you exit the program. The PAS-ED.CFG file allows Pas-Ed to restore your previous setup when you restart the program. It's a good idea to leave this option on unless you have reason not to. The next selection is "Edit file save." This selection brings up a submenu with the choices "Auto", "Prompt", and "Browse." These choices indicate how the file in the active window will be saved. If Auto is selected and the file has been changed during the editing session, the file will automatically be saved prior to a DOS shell or a debug or run session or before exiting the program. Prompt means you'll be prompted whether or not to save the file. Browse means the file has been opened for browsing only and it won't be saved and you won't be prompted. Note that the Browse selection doesn't prevent you from editing or copying to or from the file; it only means the file won't be saved. You can force a file save if you wish using the File/Save menu option or <F2> from the editor. Pas-Ed will confirm the save before saving the file. After you've made a selection, a submenu appears asking whether you want the change to be effective for just the current window or for all windows. Each window can have its own setting. Pressing <Esc> cancels the change. In most cases, Auto is the best choice, although Browse is quite useful when cutting and pasting routines from one of your library files. If you set this selection to Browse, remember to reset it once you resume normal editing in the window, or else your editing changes won't be saved and you won't be prompted. You may be wondering why changed files are saved prior to DOS shells, debug and run sessions, and when running the user utilities. The reason is that these are the types of sessions where there's a good chance of a system crash, such as when debugging or running a new program that has an undiscovered fatal bug, which would cause you to lose all your editing changes. The next selection on the Options menu is "Backup file," which determines whether a ".BAK" file is created when the current file is saved. This option is usually best left on unless speed and/or disk space are factors, and here too each window can have its own setting. Next is "Macro auto save," which determines whether the in-memory macros are automatically saved to disk prior to exiting the program. This option is also generally best left on. Next is "verify before eXit." If this option is on, Pas-Ed verifies that you want to exit before it exits to DOS; if off, Pas-Ed immediately exits to DOS without verifying. Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 12 Next is "cuRsor size," which allows you to set the cursor size for the editing and DOS shell windows. The options are Block, Fat, and Normal. Now press for "memory Usage," which opens the Memory Usage submenu. This submenu determines how Pas-Ed will use the available DOS and EMS memory. The first selection on the Memory Usage submenu, "Swap to EMS/disk," determines whether Pas-Ed will swap a DOS memory image to EMS memory or disk prior to a DOS shell or a compile, debug, or run session or when running a user utility. If enabled, Pas-Ed swaps out of memory and frees up all but 6K of DOS memory for the session. If off, the heap is compressed and a standard DOS exec session is initiated with whatever DOS memory is available (the amount of available DOS memory will depend primarily on the number of windows you've opened and whether you've allocated any new macros). The second selection on the Memory Usage submenu, "Reserve EMS for swap," determines whether enough EMS memory will be reserved to hold a DOS memory swap. If your system doesn't have EMS memory or if there's not enough EMS memory available for the swap, Pas-Ed will prevent you from enabling this option and the reason will be displayed in a pop-up window. The third selection on the Memory Usage submenu, "Working memory", allows you to specify the amount of DOS memory, in bytes, that Pas-Ed sets aside for internal program use. The default is 20,000 bytes, which should prove sufficient for most situations. This figure may have to be adjusted upward if your setup of Pas-Ed uses a significant amount of working memory, such as if you've defined numerous macros, opened a lot of windows, or are making large EMS-to-EMS block copies and moves, etc. (Since only one EMS-based file can be mapped into DOS memory at once, EMS-to-EMS block transfers are temporarily stored in working memory.) If you get insufficient memory messages, then raise the amount of working memory. Press <Esc> to return to the Options menu, then <S> for "Screen colors." The Screen Colors submenu appears, displaying all the program color types. An arrow is displayed next to the Screen Colors submenu showing which color type is currently selected. Use the arrow, Home, and End keys to choose a color type to change, then press <Enter>. Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 13 The Color Chart ─────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── File Window Edit Search Macros Compile Run Debug Language Options ┌───────────────────────┐ ╔════════════════════════════════════════╗─┐ │ Normal text color │<════════ ║ ┌─ New Value ─┐ ┌─ Old Value ─┐ ║ │ │ Highlighted text │ ║ │ 7 │ │ 7 │ ║ │ │ Marked text block │ ║ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ ║ │ │ Text error message │ ║ ┌────────── Color Chart ──────────┐ ║ │ │ Normal background │ ║ │ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 │ ║ │ │ Status line color │ ║ │ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 │ ║ │ │ Normal menu color │ ║ │ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 │ ║ │ │ Highlighted menu │ ║ │ 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 │ ║ │ │ Selected menu item │ ║ │ 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 │ ║ │ │ Menu border color │ ║ │ 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 │ ║ │ │ Menu title color │ ║ │ 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 │ ║─┘ │ Normal message color │ ║ │ 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 │ ║ │ Highlighted message │ ║ │ 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 │ ║ │ Selected message item │ ║ │ 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 │ ║ │ Message border color │ ║ │ 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 │ ║ │ Message title color │ ║ │ 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 │ ║ │ Normal help color │ ║ │ 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 │ ║ │ Highlighted help │ ║ │ 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 │ ║ │ Selected help item │ ║ │ 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 │ ║ │ Help border color │ ║ │ 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 │ ║ │ Help title color │ ║ └─────────────────────────────────┘ ║ └───────────────────────┘ ╚════════════════════════════════════════╝ ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── The color chart appears, showing the possible color combinations and their byte values. At the top of the color chart are two boxes showing the old and new byte values of the selected color type. Use the arrow, Home, and End keys to change the color value, noticing that the change is reflected in both the new color value box and the Screen Colors submenu. The status line gives a brief explanation of how the new color value is incremented or decremented depending on which key is pressed. Pressing <Enter> selects the new color, while <Esc> restores the original window colors. When all the program color types are changed to your liking, press <Esc> to exit the Screen Colors submenu. The menu and message colors are changed immediately. A submenu appears asking whether you want the text color changes to be effective for just the current window or for all windows. Each window can have its own color settings. Pressing <Esc> changes the text color in just the current window. Return to the Options menu and press <T> to bring up the "Type of monitor" submenu. The first selection, "Color monitor," forces Pas-Ed to treat your Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 14 video system as either color or monochrome. Most of the time, Pas-Ed will accurately detect the type of video system in use and adjust for it. Some video systems are not what they appear to Pas-Ed, however, such as a monochrome LCD display monitor connected to a CGA display adapter (common on portable computers). Under such circumstances, you may find it necessary to reset this option. The second selection, "Suppress snow," is important only if you have an older CGA system. Early model CGAs display "snow" during untimed direct screen writes, which is how Pas-Ed writes to the screen by default. If you notice snow on your screen, set this option on. The resulting screen writes will be slightly slower but free of snow. The third selection, "43/50 rows," resets the video mode to 43 screen lines if you have an EGA system or 50 screen lines for a VGA. If you don't have one of these systems, a message to that effect appears and this option can't be enabled. Note that 43/50 line mode can also be toggled via the <Alt-V> hot key. The fourth selection, "standard Rows," switches between 25 and 28 rows as the standard screen size. Your computer must be in 28 row mode to display 28 lines on your screen; otherwise, you're prevented from enabling this option. The User Utilities ────────────────── From the Options menu, press <N> for Name User Utilities. The Name User Utilities submenu appears, which allows you to enter the names of five programs which can be run from the menu system via the File/Utility selection. The programs may be any executable or batch files, and are run in a DOS exec session similar to the compile, debug, and run sessions. Pas-Ed will either swap itself out of memory or compress the heap depending on the Options/Memory Usage submenu settings. Either an ".EXE," ".COM," or ".BAT" extension is necessary for proper operation of the utilities, and Pas-Ed will append ".EXE" to any file name entered without an extension or without one of the above extensions. For example, if C:\PAS-ED was the current directory and you entered READ.ME Pas-Ed would return the file name READ.EXE To prepend one of the three logical directories (the current directory, the Pas-Ed directory, and the EXE & TPU directory), use the <Alt-P> Path command to switch between the logical directories. To enter the project file, use the <Alt-N> Name command to change the file name. Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 15 Next the command line for the utility is edited. The command line is passed to the utility when it's run, and each utility has a separate command line. After you've edited the user utilities and their command lines, press <Esc> to return to the Options menu. The last selection on the Options menu is the "editor status Line" option. When enabled, the status line is displayed across the bottom row of the screen in the editor; when disabled, the bottom line is used for editing. This option doesn't affect the display of the status line in the menu system. You might wish to leave this option enabled until you become familiar with the Pas-Ed editor. Setting Up The Macros ───────────────────── Press <Alt-M> to open the Macros menu. Macros are on by default. If you don't wish to use macros, turn macro processing off by pressing <T> for "Turn on/off." If you do use macros, you may want to reset the macro playback delay via the Macro Delay selection. This option controls the number of milliseconds paused between keystrokes when a macro playback is in progress. The default is 0. Setting Up The Files ──────────────────── Press <Alt-L> to open the Language menu, then <F> to open the "Files" submenu. The "Files" submenu contains the file names and command lines Pas-Ed will use during DOS shells and compile and debug sessions. You may enter any compiler, compiler configuration, or debugger file names (of course, they should correctly name an appropriate program or file). The default names are TPC.EXE for the compiler, TPC.CFG for the compiler configuration file, and TD.EXE for the debugger. As with all menu options, the names are saved in the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file and restored at startup. The "deBugger commands" option allows you to edit a command line which is passed to Turbo Debugger when initiating debug sessions. The Turbo Debugger command line options are explained in detail in your Turbo Debugger manuals. One common use to this option is to pass source code and EXE/TPU directories to Turbo Debugger. If you don't wish to pass a command line to the debugger, leave this line blank. The "Run command line" option allows you to edit a command line which is passed to the program being run (via the Run selection on the main menu). This is useful for passing test parameters to programs. This command line is also passed to programs being debugged. If you don't wish to pass a command line to the program, leave this line blank. Check these options to be sure they're correct, and change them if necessary. Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 16 Setting Up Turbo Pascal ─────────────────────── Press <Esc> to return to the Language menu. The first selection on the Language menu, "Compiler," sets the Turbo Pascal compiler switches. The second option, "Linker," sets the Turbo Pascal linker switches. The "Directories" selection determines the directories where Turbo Pascal will look for the various files it needs during compilation and where the resulting compiled files will be placed. These options are the same as those in the Turbo IDE, and you should refer to your Turbo Pascal manuals and Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System if you need further information. Ready To Go ─────────── Pas-Ed is now ready to run. If you're familiar with the Turbo IDE, you should be able to run Pas-Ed with little problem. For an overview of running Pas-Ed, please read the next chapter, Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed. Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 17 Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed ──────────────────────────── Getting Ready ───────────── This chapter illustrates most of Pas-Ed's main features in tutorial fashion. If you're in Pas-Ed, make sure the Options/Config Auto Save menu option is on, then exit Pas-Ed by pressing <Alt-X>. <Alt-X> works from anywhere in Pas-Ed except the pop-up edit windows. Once you've exited Pas-Ed and are at the DOS prompt, type "PAS-ED" to restart Pas-Ed. Restoring Your Setup ──────────────────── Since you created a PAS-ED.CFG configuration file when you exited Pas-Ed, Pas-Ed automatically restores your previous menu settings and colors, then loads the files you were editing and repositions the cursor in each file to where it was when you exited Pas-Ed. Had you passed file name(s) to Pas-Ed as command line parameters, Pas-Ed would load those files instead of your previous files, using ".PAS" as the default extension. To try this, exit Pas-Ed by pressing <Alt-X>, then type pas-ed file1 file2 file3.asm at the DOS prompt. Instead of loading your previous files, Pas-Ed loads FILE1.PAS, FILE2.PAS, and FILE3.ASM. If you specify more files than can fit into available memory, Pas-Ed will load as many files as possible. The Editor ────────── As soon as the files are loaded, Pas-Ed places you in the editor. The editor uses the WordStar command set, and is virtually identical to the editor in the Turbo IDE. Try typing a few lines to get a feel for it. If you forget an editing command, press <F1> to bring up the help window. One of the most useful and overlooked editing commands is the undo line change command. Move up or down a line, type some changes, then type <Ctrl-Q><L> (for Quick-Line). The line is restored to its original form. This command works as long as you haven't erased or moved off the line. Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 18 The top line of the edit window shows the state of the editor and is explained in greater detail in Chapter 6 - The Pas-Ed Editor. For now, try pressing the Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock keys and note how they affect this line. The status (or bottom) line shows, from left to right, the window number, the commands associated with the function keys, and the location of the edit buffer for the active window ("DOS" or "EMS"). Now press <F2> to save the file. <F2> immediately saves the file unless the Options/Edit File Save menu option is set to Browse, in which case you must verify the file save before Pas-Ed will save the file. Press <F4> to open a new window. The File Name window reappears, only this time the file you specify will be loaded into a new window. The new window number is visible in the lower left corner of the screen. This number always shows the window number of the file being acted upon. Enter a file name and the window will be created and the file loaded. Note that, if you're editing the same file in two different windows, you're actually editing two separate copies of the file, and changes made in one window aren't being made to the text in the other window. <Alt-F4> performs the opposite function of <F4> and closes the current window. Press <Alt-F4>, and the current window is closed and its memory deallocated. If the file in the window has been changed, it's saved before the window is closed according to the setting of its Options/Edit File Save parameter. Press <F4> and reopen the window. Press <F3> to load a new file, entering a name into the File Name window. If it's a new file, Pas-Ed verifies that you actually wanted to create a new file and didn't just make a typing mistake. <Alt-F3> also switches files but uses the Memory-Files Pick list. This Pick list contains the names of all the files currently loaded in memory. Press <Alt-F3> the see the list, then choose a file. Pas-Ed immediately switches to the selected file. <Ctrl-F3> switches files as well but uses the Recent-Files Pick list. This Pick list contains the names of the last ten files you've edited, with the most recent files at the top of the list. File names are not duplicated on the list; if you jump to a file which was half way down the Pick list, the file name is simply moved to the top of the list. For now, select a file that's not currently in memory, and Pas-Ed will reload the file into the current window and reposition the cursor to where it was when you exited the file. Press <F5> and the active window is reduced to half screen (unzoomed). Press <F5> again and the window is restored to full screen (zoomed). Now press <F6> several times to rotate through the open windows. Similarly, press <Alt-F6> to rotate backwards through the windows. Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 19 Type something and mark a block in each window. (<Ctrl-K> marks the beginning of a block and <Ctrl-K><K> marks the end.) Using the F5 and F6 keys, switch and zoom/unzoom the windows until both windows and blocks are visible on the screen. Press <Ctrl-K><C> to copy the block in the active window to the cursor position. Now press <F7> and copy the block from the other window to the cursor position. Move the cursor and press <Ctrl-K><V> to move the block in the active window to the cursor position. Now press <F8> and move the block from the other window to the cursor position. Note that both <F7> and <F8> can copy and move blocks from any window, including the current window, and will also copy and move the block regardless of whether it's highlighted (^KH switches block highlighting). If your printer is connected to the LPT1 parallel printer port 1 and turned on, use <Ctrl-K> to print the block in the active window. Type a nonsense word to ensure the file won't compile properly. Press <F9> to make (compile) the file. Pas-Ed will either swap a DOS memory image to EMS/disk or compresses the heap depending on the setting of the Options/Memory Usage submenu, then call the compiler to compile the file. If you get an out of memory message, change the Options/Memory Usage/Swap To EMS/Disk menu setting to on, then recompile the file. The compiler will find the error, and Pas-Ed will automatically load and/or switch to the file with the error, then position the cursor at the source of the error, highlight it, and display the error message. Pressing the <Alt-D> hot key to clear the error message and select the Debug option. Switching Exec Files and Directories ──────────────────────────────────── Pas-Ed automatically loads the file name from the current window as the file to debug. Now switch the file name between the file in the active window and the project file by pressing <Alt-N> (for Name). This command works in the Compile, Debug, and Run File Name windows, and when entering the name of a user utility. Let's assume you're using the DOS path to run Pas-Ed, and your Pas-Ed files are in one directory, you've started Pas-Ed from a second directory, and your EXE and TPU files are in a third directory via the Language/Directories/EXE & TPU Directory menu setting. How do you switch between the three directories without typing in a complete path name every time you compile, run, or debug a program? Pas-Ed provides a simple solution. Let's assume the directory shown isn't the correct directory. Instead of typing in a new path, press <Alt-P> (for Path), and Pas-Ed automatically switches the path name between the three logical paths. The <Alt-P> command works in the Compile, Debug, and Run File Name windows, and when entering the name of a user utility. Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 20 To see the last DOS screen, press <Alt-F1>. The screen is cleared by pressing any key. This option is especially useful to review compiler error messages when using Pas-Ed to write programs in other languages, such as when writing assembler routines. The Window Menu ──────────────── Press <Alt-W> to open the Window menu. Press <H> to hide the active window. Now press <Alt-E> to return to the editor, then <F6> several times to rotate through the windows and verify that the window has been hidden. Press <Alt-W> to reopen the Window menu, then for Unhide. A menu appears with a list of all the hidden windows, and you can either pick one to unhide or press <Esc> to cancel. Press <Esc> to cancel, then <M> for M-Pick. The Memory-Files Pick list appears, with hidden windows clearly marked as such and the active window prefaced by "√". This Pick list selects a new active window. Select the hidden window as the new active window, and it is immediately unhidden and becomes the active window. Verify that the window is unhidden by using <F6> to rotate through the windows. Note that the Memory-Files Pick list is also available via the <Alt-F3> hot key. Press <Ctrl-F3> and the Recent-Files Pick list appears, displaying the ten most recently edited files. This Pick list is also available via the File/R-Pick menu option, and will jump into and unhide hidden windows. From the Window menu, press <C> for Close, and the active window is closed and removed from memory. Now try to close the remaining windows, and Pas-Ed will prevent the last window from begin closed. At least one window must always be open. Press <O> and reopen the closed windows. Now close and reopen the window using the <Alt-F4> and <F4> hot keys. The remaining entries on the Window menu rotate forward and backward through the file rotation and zoom and unzoom the windows, similar to the F5 and F6 keys in the editor. The Search Menu ─────────────── Press <Alt-S> to open the Search menu. This menu enables you to search and move quickly through the files. The Find and Replace menu selections are the same as the <Ctrl-Q><F> (Quick Find) and <Ctrl-Q><A> (Quick Find and Replace) WordStar commands. The Find Next and Replace Next menu selections are the same as Wordstar's <Ctrl-L>. The Find Block and Replace Block menu selections load the search string with up to 30 characters from the marked block in the active window, although not across line breaks. Since there's a marked block in the active window, press , then <E> from the Search menu to try these selections. Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 21 From the Search menu, press <G> for Goto line. Enter a line number and Pas-Ed jumps to the specified line. If the line number is greater than the number of lines in the file, Pas-Ed jumps to the end of the file. Press <S> to set a placemarker. You have ten placemarkers, 0-9. Press <5> to set placemarker 5 at the current cursor position in the current file. The placemarkers don't have to be set in any particular order. Press <Alt-W> to open the Window menu and <N> to rotate to the next window. Then press <Alt-S> to open to the Search menu, <J> for Jump To Placemarker, then enter <5>. Pas-Ed jumps to the proper file and line number. These commands are also available from the editor. Press <F6> to rotate to the other file. Press <Ctrl-K><1> to set placemarker 1, then jump back and forth between the two files by pressing <Ctrl-Q><5> and <Ctrl-Q><1>. The Macro Menu ────────────── Press <Alt-M> to open the Macro menu. Through this menu, Pas-Ed can record and playback keystrokes. The Macro menu is fairly self-explanatory, and you should have no trouble using the macros. For good measure, though, we'll record, edit, and delete a macro. Press <R> to record a macro. A message appears reminding you how to turn macro recording off. Press <Esc> to clear the message, then <Alt-E> to enter the editor. Notice the "M" next to the window number in the lower left corner of the screen, indicating that macro recording is on. Typing carefully (trust us), type the letter "c", no more, no less, then press <Alt-F10> to turn macro recording off. Pas-Ed asks for a key to associate the macro with. Enter <Alt-B>, then enter "Bad Macro" as the name for the macro. Try out the macro by pressing <Alt-B>. Instead of inserting "c" into the file, the Compile menu opens. To see why, press <Alt-M> to open the Macro menu, then <E> to edit a macro, and choose "Bad Macro" as the macro to edit. Press <Enter> to accept the macro name, and the Edit Macro window appears with Bad Macro displayed. The macro should be shown as "<AltE>c". As you can see, all keystrokes after macro recording was turned on were faithfully recorded, including keystrokes that perhaps we didn't want, such as the <Alt-E> command we used to return to the editor. When we started Bad Macro by pressing <Alt-B>, Bad Macro first selected the Edit menu with <Alt-E>, then selected the Compile menu with <c>. You should edit all macros after they've been recorded to remove unwanted keystrokes. While still in the Edit Macro window, press the Home and End keys. Instead of moving the cursor to the beginning and end of the line, <Home> and <End> are inserted into the macro. In order to use these keys to maneuver around the Edit Macro window, you must use the <Scroll Lock> key to toggle between command and literal interpretation. Try out the macro editor, in particular noticing how Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 22 the extended keys, such as Home, End, Insert, Delete, Backspace, etc., are handled depending on whether the editor is in Command or Literal mode. Use the <Scroll Lock> key to be sure you're in Command mode, then either press <Enter> to accept the edited macro or <Esc> to restore the original macro. Then press <D> for Delete, and delete Bad Macro. The Other Menus ─────────────── The other menus are concerned mostly with setting up and running Pas-Ed and Turbo Pascal. The selections are either easily understood by programmers familiar with Turbo Pascal or are explained in Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed, Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System, or in your Turbo Pascal manuals. The Pop-up Tables ───────────────── Two of Pas-Ed's handiest features are the pop-up ASCII and extended key code tables, which will save you the considerable time and trouble most programmers spend looking up this information. Press <Alt-E> to return to the editor, then <Alt-A> to bring up the ASCII table, and <Alt-K> to bring up the extended Key code tables. Switching Video Modes ───────────────────── Press <Alt-V> to switch between standard and 43/50 screen line modes. If your display has 43/50 line capability, it's immediately switched into 43/50 line mode; otherwise, a message informing you that your display doesn't have this ability appears. If your video display mode was successfully switched, press <Alt-V> to switch it back. This command is available from anywhere in Pas-Ed except the pop-up edit windows. Chapter 4 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 23 Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System ────────────────────────────────── About the Menus ─────────────── Pas-Ed's menus are similar in style to those in the Turbo IDE. The main menu displays horizontally across the top row of the screen, with pull-down submenus opening vertically below. All selections on the main menu are "hot keyed" and can be selected from anywhere in Pas-Ed (except from the pop-up message windows, which require a specific response such as <Y>, <N>, or <Esc>) by holding down the <Alt> key and pressing the first letter of the selection. For example, to open the File menu, press <Alt-F>, and to select Run, press <Alt-R>. Moving around the menu system is accomplished by using either the dedicated movement keys, such as the arrow, Home, and End keys, or WordStar commands, such as <Ctrl-S> for left, <Ctrl-D> for right, <Ctrl-E> for up, <Ctrl-X> for down, etc. Pressing <Enter> or <Ctrl-M> when the light bar is over a selection or pressing its highlighted letter selects it. Pressing <Esc> or <Ctrl-[> deselects or closes a menu. To assist you in choosing the proper menu options, each individual selection has a brief descriptive prompt displayed in the status line. The Menu Selections ─────────────────── This section describes the operation and function of each menu selection. The menu selections are: File ──── Displays the File menu. The File menu selections are: Load ──── Loads a file into the active window. If the requested file is already loaded in another window, you're given the choice of either switching to that window or going ahead and loading the file into the active window. The file which was already in the window is saved according to the setting of the window's Edit File Save toggle (see the Options menu). The Load option can also be selected from the editor by <F3>. R-Pick ────── Displays the Recent-Files Pick list (a list of the ten most recently edited Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 24 files) and allows you to select one to edit. If the selected file isn't in memory, the file will be loaded into the active window and the cursor repositioned to where it was when the file was last being edited. If the selected file is in memory, Pas-Ed will switch to the window containing the file even if the window is hidden. If the window was hidden, it remains hidden; as soon as you leave the window, it's removed again from the window rotation. This option can be selected from the editor by <Ctrl-F3>. Clear ───── Deletes all data from the active window without saving and resets the file name to a default PAS-xxxx.PAS name. You're asked to confirm this action. Save ──── Immediately saves the file in the active window unless the Edit File Save toggle is set to Browse, in which case you're asked to confirm the save. save All ──────── Saves all changed files according to the setting of their window's Edit File Save toggles. Write to ──────── Writes the file in the active window to a file you specify. Dir ─── Display a directory based on a directory mask you specify. New Dir ─────── Changes the current directory. Note that the current directory cannot be changed in a DOS shell, as Pas-Ed switches back to the current directory after the DOS shell is completed. OS shell ──────── Runs the DOS command you specify. If no command is given, the screen is cleared and the DOS prompt appears. Pas-Ed is re-entered by typing "EXIT" at the DOS prompt. If EMS/disk swapping is enabled, the contents of memory are swapped out to EMS or disk prior to the DOS shell; otherwise, the heap is compressed and the shell is run with whatever DOS memory is available. Utilities ───────── Displays the User Utilities submenu and runs the user utility you specify. Pas-Ed allows you to enter five utility names and command lines into the Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 25 menu system via the Options/Name User Utilities selection. These utilities must be valid EXE, COM, or BAT files and must be located either in the same directory as Pas-Ed or on the DOS path or have a full path included. These five utilities can then be run as part of the Pas-Ed IDE. When run, if EMS/disk swapping is enabled, the contents of memory are swapped out to EMS or disk and the utility is run; otherwise, the heap is compressed. Exit ──── Exits Pas-Ed and returns to DOS. The files being edited are saved according to their window's Edit File Save toggles. If the Config Auto Save and/or Macro Auto Save toggles are on, the configuration and/or macro files are saved. See the Options menu for an explanation of these toggles. This option can be selected from anywhere in Pas-Ed except the pop-up message windows by pressing <Alt-X>. Window ────── Displays the Window menu. The Window menu selections are: Open ──── Opens a new edit window if sufficient memory is available. Windows are allocated first in DOS memory, then in EMS memory. Up to 21 windows may be opened. This option is available from the editor by <F4>. Close ───── Closes the active window and deallocates it memory. If the file in the active window has been changed during the editing session, it's saved according to the setting of the window's Edit File Save toggle (see the Options menu). This option is available from the editor by <Alt-F4>. M-Pick ────── Displays the Memory-Files Pick list (a list of all files loaded in the windows) and allows you to select one as the active window. If the selected window is hidden, it is unhidden. This option is available from the editor by <Alt-F3>. Next ──── Selects the next unhidden window as the active window. This option is available from the editor by <F6>. Back ──── Selects the previous unhidden window as the active window. This option is available from the editor by <Alt-F6>. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 26 Zoom ──── Resizes the active window to either full screen (zoomed) or half screen (unzoomed). Note that at least one window must always be zoomed. This option is available from the editor by <F5>. Hide ──── Hides the active window. The data in the hidden window remains intact and the file save routines operate normally. The window is simply removed from the window rotation. This is useful if, for example, you have all 21 windows open but are editing only 3 files; this option allows you to hide the other 18 windows. Hidden windows may be unhidden with either the Window/Unhide or Window/M-Pick commands. Note that at least one window must be unhidden. Unhide ────── Displays a list of all hidden windows and allows you to select one to unhide. Edit ──── Erases the menus, displays the active window, and calls the editor. Search ────── Displays the Search menu. The Search menu selections are: Find ──── Finds the search string using the search options you specify. fInd block ────────── Loads the search string with up to 30 characters from the marked block in the active window. Characters are not loaded across line breaks. fiNd next ───────── Finds the next occurrence of the search string using the previous search options. Replace ─────── Finds the search string and replaces it with the replacement string using the replace options you specify. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 27 rEplace block ───────────── Loads the search string with up to 30 characters from the marked block in the active window. Characters are not loaded across line breaks. rePlace next ──────────── Finds the next occurrence of the search string and replaces it with the replacement string using the previous replace options. Goto line ───────── Moves the cursor to the line number you specify. Set marker ────────── Sets the placemarker you specify (0 to 9) to the current cursor position in the current file. Jump to marker ────────────── Jumps to the placemarker you specify (0 to 9) even in the file containing the placemarker has been moved to disk or if the file is now in a different window from the window where the placemarker was set or if the window containing the file is hidden. Jumping into a hidden window doesn't unhide it; as soon as you leave the window, it's removed again from the window rotation. If there are 2 windows containing the same file, Pas-Ed jumps to the first one. Macros ────── Displays the Macro menu. The Macro menu selections are; Playback ──────── Plays back the macro you specify. Record ────── Begins recording keystrokes into a macro. record Off ────────── Stops recording keystrokes and asks for a key to associate the macro with as well as a name for the macro. This is the same as pressing <Alt-F10> from within the editor. After a macro has been recorded, you should edit the macro to remove any keystrokes associated with setting up the macro. Pas-Ed automatically removes the keystrokes that turned macro recording on and off. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 28 Load ──── Loads a macro file, replacing the macros in memory with the macros from the file. Merge ───── Merges the macros from a macro file with the macros in memory. If the current macro file is then saved after the merge, it will include the merged macros. Save ──── Writes the macros in memory to the current macro file. list ──── Lists the macros in memory. Edit ──── Edits an in-memory macro. Delete ────── Deletes an in-memory macro and deallocate its memory. delete All ────────── Deletes all in-memory macros and deallocates their memory. You're asked to confirm this action. macro delaY ─────────── Adjust the delay between keystrokes when a macro is played back. The delay is in milliseconds and can be any number between 0 and 255. Turn on/off ─────────── Enables and disables macro processing. Macro processing is on by default. When disabled, all macros are deleted and their memory deallocated. When re-enabled, the macros in the current macro file are reloaded into memory. Compile ─────── Displays the Compile menu. The Compile menu selections are: Compile ─────── The selected file is compiled. No other units used by the program which Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 29 have existing TPU files are recompiled even if their source code has been changed since they were last compiled. Make ──── The selected file is compiled along with all units used by the program whose source code has changed since they were last compiled. Build ───── The selected file and all units used by the program are compiled. This option ensures that all TPU files are up to date. Production build ──────────────── The selected file and all units used by the program are compiled using your regular compiler settings, except no debug information is generated and stack and range checking are turned off. This option ensures that all TPU files are up to date. Auto config file ──────────────── Enables and disables automatic creation of a compiler configuration file. When enabled, an updated compiler configuration file is written to disk prior to every compile; if disabled, no compiler configuration file is written. The default name for the configuration file is TPC.CFG, which can be changed using the Language/Files submenu. Find error ────────── Locate the source code location of a run-time error if you have its hex location. For example, a runtime range error might result in the message "Runtime error 201 at 3C08:023B." By entering the hex number "3C08:023B" as the error location and recompiling the file, Pas-Ed will automatically locate and display the line in the source code that caused the error. Run ─── Run a program from within Pas-Ed. If EMS/disk swapping is enabled, a DOS memory image is swapped out to EMS or disk prior to the program run. Debug ───── Debug a program from within Pas-Ed. If EMS/disk swapping is enabled, a DOS memory image is swapped out to EMS or disk prior to the debug session. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 30 Language ──────── Displays the Language menu. The Language menu selections are: Compiler ──────── Displays the Compiler submenu, which contains the options for the Turbo Pascal compiler. The Compiler submenu selections are: Align data ────────── Align variables and typed constants on byte or word boundaries. Generally, byte alignment takes less memory while word alignment runs faster. Boolean evaluation ────────────────── Switch between complete and short circuit boolean evaluation, which determines whether boolean expressions are evaluated completely or terminated as soon as possible. Conditional defines ─────────────────── Allows you to enter conditional compilation directives which can be referenced in the source code. Debug information ───────────────── Displays the Debug menu. The Debug menu selections are: Append debug info to EXE ──────────────────────── Enables and disables the appending of debug information to the compiled EXE file. This information is necessary to use Turbo Debugger on your program. The extent of the debugging information appended depends on the following two settings: Make line-number table ────────────────────── Enables and disables the generation of a source code line-number table. This table allows Turbo Debugger to step through the source code line by line during a debugging session. Unless this option is enabled, Turbo Debugger steps through your program at the CPU (assembly) level. Include local symbols ───────────────────── Enables and disables the generation of debug information for local symbols, which are the names and types of all local (as opposed to global) variables and constants. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 31 Force far calls ─────────────── Enables and disables the use of the FAR code model by all procedures and functions. I/O Checking ──────────── Enables and disables the generation of code to check for input/output errors. Memory sizes ──────────── Displays the Memory Size submenu. The selections on the Memory Size submenu are: Stack size ────────── Set the stack size in decimal bytes. Low heap limit ────────────── Set the minimum required heap size in decimal bytes. High heap limit ─────────────── Set the maximum heap size in decimal bytes. Numeric processing ────────────────── Displays the Numeric Processing submenu. The selections are: Emulation ───────── Enables and disables linking of the 8087 emulation library. This library uses the 8087 math coprocessor if present and emulates it if not. Numeric processing ────────────────── Switches between inline 8087 code, which allows the use of single, double, extended, and comp real types, and the use of software-only (6 byte) reals. Note that if inline 8087 code is enabled, you must either link in the 8087 emulation library (see the option above) or the computers on which the program is run must have an 80x87 math coprocessor. Overlays allowed ──────────────── Enables and disables the generation of overlay code. Units compiled with this option on do not have to be overlayed. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 32 Range checking ────────────── Enables and disables the generation of code to check the bounds on arrays, strings, and scalar-type variables. Stack checking ────────────── Enables and disables the generation of code to check for stack overflow. Var-string checking ─────────────────── Enables and disables checking of declared string parameters against the actual passed parameter. If this option is on and the declared and actual string parameters are not identical, a compiler error occurs. Linker ────── Displays the Linker submenu. The selections are: Link buffer ─────────── Switch between using a disk or memory link buffer. Linking to memory is faster but the linker may run out of memory on larger programs. Linking to disk is slower but larger programs can be linked. Map file ──────── Sets the amount of information that goes into the map file (typically used by 3rd party debuggers). The selections are: None ──── No map file is generated. Segments ──────── Only segment information is generated. Publics ─────── Segment information plus all symbol names and addresses and the location of the program's entry point are generated. Detailed ──────── Publics information plus line-number and module tables are generated. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 33 Directories ─────────── Displays the Directories submenu, which contains the paths to the various files needed by the Turbo Pascal compiler. The Directory submenu selections are: Turbo directory ─────────────── The compiler will search the current directory and the directory specified here for the TURBO.TPL compiler library file. EXE & TPU directory ─────────────────── The compiler will put the compiled EXE and TPU files in the directory specified here. If no directory is specified, the compiled files will go in the directory with the source code file. Include directories ─────────────────── The compiler will search the current directory and the directories specified here for the files listed with the Include {$I Filename} compiler directive. Unit directories ──────────────── The compiler will search the current directory and the directories specified here for units used by the files being compiled. Object directories ────────────────── The compiler will search the current directory and the directories specified here for the object files listed with the {$L Filename} compiler directive. Files ───── Displays the Files submenu, which contains the names of the various files called by Pas-Ed during operation. The Files submenu selections are: Compiler file name ────────────────── The file Pas-Ed will call to compile files. ".EXE" is the default extension, and any file name you enter without an extension will have ".EXE" appended to it. conFigure file name ─────────────────── The compiler configuration file. This is the file Pas-Ed will write the Turbo Pascal compiler and linker switches to if the Auto Config File option is enabled (see the Compile menu). ".CFG" is the default extension. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 34 Debugger file name ────────────────── The file Pas-Ed will call to debug files. ".EXE" is the default extension. deBugger commands ───────────────── The command line passed to the debugger. As an example, this option would allow you to pass a list of source and EXE/TPU directories to Turbo Debugger. For more information on the command line options offered by Turbo Debugger, consult your manuals. Run command line ──────────────── The command line passed to the program being run via the Run selection on the main menu. As an example, this option would allow you to pass command line test parameters to the program being run. Pas-Ed config file ────────────────── The Pas-Ed configuration file. The default file name is PAS-ED.CFG and cannot be changed. This file is stored by default in the same directory as PAS-ED.EXE, although Pas-Ed will find the file in any directory as long as it's on the DOS path. Macro file name ────────────────── The name of the currently loaded macro file. This file can be changed using the Macro/Load menu option. Options ─────── Displays the Options menu. The Options menu selections are: Config auto save ──────────────── Enables and disables automatic saving of the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file upon exit. This file contains a description of Pas-Ed's last setup. At startup, Pas-Ed looks for this file in the Pas-Ed directory and uses it to restore colors and menu settings and reload the files you were last using. Edit file save ────────────── Switches between automatic, prompted, and Browse file save status. If set to Auto, the file is automatically saved if it has been changed during the editing session. If set to Prompt, you're prompted whether or not to save the file. If set to Browse, the file isn't saved and you're not prompted. You're given the choice of applying the new setting to just the active window or to all windows. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 35 Backup files ──────────── Enables and disables the creation of backup files when saving your source code files. You're given the choice of applying the new setting to just the active window or to all windows. Macro auto save ─────────────── Enables and disables automatic saving of the macro file when exiting. Write config file ───────────────── Writes the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file to disk using the current settings. memory Usage ──────────── Displays the Memory Usage submenu. The selections are: Swap to EMS/Disk ──────────────── Enables and disables swapping of a DOS memory image to expanded memory (EMS) or disk prior to a DOS shell or a compile, debug, or run session. If enabled, more memory is freed up than would otherwise be available; however, this must be balanced against the time penalty imposed by the swap. On systems with EMS memory, the time penalty is minimal and this option can be left enabled. Systems requiring disk swaps, and in particular swaps to a floppy disk, might want to disable this option during simple DOS shells, providing enough DOS memory is available for the exec session. Reserve EMS for swap ──────────────────── Enables and disables the reservation of enough EMS memory to hold a DOS memory swap. If enabled, enough 16k (16,384 byte) blocks of EMS memory are set aside for the swap. Working memory ────────────── Sets the amount of DOS memory reserved by Pas-Ed for internal purposes such as screen saves, macros, EMS-to-EMS block moves, etc. By adjusting this value, sufficient memory can be reserved to allow proper functioning of the program while leaving as much memory as possible for the edit buffers. The default value is 20,000 bytes, and may be changed to any value between 16,384 and 65,535. If you encounter memory allocation failure messages, simply increase this number and then exit and restart Pas-Ed. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 36 DOS buffers open ──────────────── Displays the number of edit windows opened in DOS memory. EMS buffers open ──────────────── Displays the number of edit windows opened in EMS memory. Total buffers open ────────────────── Displays the total number of open windows. Edit buffer size ──────────────── Displays the size in bytes of the edit buffers (all edit buffers are the same size). EMS/Disk Swap Size ────────────────── Displays the exact size in bytes of the DOS memory swap. EMS reserved for swap ───────────────────── Displays the amount of expanded memory (EMS) reserved for the DOS memory swap. Since EMS memory is allocated in 16k (16,384 byte) blocks, this figure has been rounded up to the next 16k block unless by coincidence your memory swap size is exactly divisible by 16k. Dos Memory Available ───────────────────── Displays the amount of available DOS memory. Ems Memory Available ───────────────────── Displays the amount of available EMS memory. Screen colors ───────────── Displays the Screen Colors submenu, which allows you to change the screen colors. The functioning of the Screen Colors submenu is explained in detail in Chapter 3 - Setting Up Pas-Ed. The types of screen colors fall into 5 general categories: Text colors ─────────── There are four text color types: Normal, Highlighted, Marked Block, and Error, which are the colors used when displaying the editing windows. Normal is the regular text color, Highlighted for the message line, Marked Block for marked blocks, and Error for error messages. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 37 General screen colors ───────────────────── There are two general screen color types: Screen Background and Status Line. Screen Background is used when not in the editor or menu systems, such as during DOS shells, compiles, etc. Status Line is used for the bottom row of the screen except for the function key displays, which use Menu Highlighted. Menu colors ─────────── There are five menu color types: Normal, Highlighted, Selected, Border, and Title. Normal is the regular menu color, Highlighted for selection letters, Selected for the moving light bar, Border for the menu border, and Title for menu headers. Message colors ────────────── The five message color types are the same as the five menu colors types except they're used to display general messages. Help colors ─────────── The five help color types are the same as the five menu colors types except they're used to display help messages. Default screen colors ───────────────────── Resets the screen colors to their default values. You're asked to confirm this action. You have the choice of restoring the default colors in just the active window or in all windows. Pressing <Esc> changes the colors in just the current window. Type of monitor ─────────────── Displays the Monitor submenu. The selections are: Color monitor ───────────── Forces Pas-Ed to treat your video display as either color or monochrome. Suppress snow ──────────── Suppresses snow on older CGA displays at the expense of somewhat slower screen writes. 43/50 rows ────────── Allows EGA/VGA systems to display 43/50 screen rows respectively. The default is 25 rows. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 38 standard Rows ───────────── Switches between using 25 and 28 rows as the standard screen display. Your computer must be in 28 screen line mode for this option to take effect; otherwise, it does nothing. View last DOS screen ──────────────────── Displays the last DOS screen, which would be either the screen when Pas-Ed was started or the screen during a DOS shell or a compile, debug, or run session. This option is particularly useful to view compiler errors. Name user utilities ─────────────────── Displays the Name User Utility submenu, which allows you to enter the names and command lines of the five user-selected utilities. These utilities can then be run from the File/Utility menu selection. editor status Line ────────────────── Switches between using the bottom screen row in the editor for the status line or an editing line. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 39 Chapter 6 - The Pas-Ed Editor ───────────────────────────── About the Editor ──────────────── Turbo Pascal programmers should have little trouble adapting to Pas-Ed's editor, as it uses the same command set as the Turbo IDE. Pas-Ed's windows operate much like Sidekick's, and on-line help is available through the <F1> key. Because of the editor's similarity to the Turbo IDE editor, and since Pas-Ed users are assumed to be familiar with Turbo Pascal and to have the Turbo Pascal manuals, the description of the editor is brief. The Editor Message Line ─────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Line 1 Col 1 Insert Indent Tab D:TESTFILE.PAS Scr Num CAP BAK Auto ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Above is an example of the editor message line, which appears at the top of each text window and shows the status of the editor for that particular window. Each window can have different settings except for the keyboard status toggles, which are the same for all windows. The message line entries are: Line The line number on which the cursor is located. Col The column number in which the cursor is located. Insert If visible, indicates that characters are being inserted into the text buffer. If off, characters are overwriting the existing text. This option is toggled by <Ctrl-V> or <Insert>. Indent If visible, indicates that new lines will be indented to the level of the line above. If off, new lines start at Column 1. This option is toggled by <Ctrl-Q>. Tab If visible, indicates that fixed, 8-column tabs are enabled. If off, tabs are set at the first letter of the words on the line above. This option is toggled by <Ctrl-O><T>. Chapter 6 - The Pas-Ed Editor Pas-Ed Manual - Page 40 D:TESTFILE.PAS The name of the file being edited. Note that the full path name is not displayed. Scr If visible, indicates that the Scroll Lock key is on. Num If visible, indicates that the Num Lock key is on. CAP If visible, indicates that the Caps Lock key is on. BAK If visible, indicates that a backup file will be made when the file in the active window is saved. Auto Displays the status of the Options/Edit File Save menu option. If "Auto" is displayed, then the file in the active window will automatically be saved. "Prompt" means you'll be prompted whether or not to save the file, and "Browse" means the file won't be saved and you won't be prompted. The Editor Status Line ────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2M F1Help F2Save F3Load F4Open F5Zoom F6Next F7Copy F8Move F9Make F10Menu DOS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Above is an example of the editor status line. From left to right, the "2" indicates that the number 2 edit window is active. The "M" next to the "2" means that macro recording is on. In the middle are the function keys along with a keyword description of their function. The "DOS" on the far right indicates that the active window has been allocated in DOS memory. If the active window had been allocated in EMS memory, "EMS" would be displayed. The editor status line can be toggled off and the bottom row recovered for editing via the Options/Editor Status Line selection. The Function Keys ───────────────── The functions assigned to the function keys are: <F1> - Help. Displays a help menu, from which the various editing commands can be displayed. Chapter 6 - The Pas-Ed Editor Pas-Ed Manual - Page 41 <Alt-F1> - View last DOS screen. Displays the last DOS screen. Pressing any key clears the screen. <F2> - Save. Saves the file in the active window to disk. <F3> - Load. Loads a new file into the active window. <Alt-F3> - Memory-Files Pick list. Displays a list of the files in memory and allows you to choose one as the active window. <Ctrl-F3> - Recent-Files Pick list. Displays a list of the ten most recently edited files and allows you to choose one to edit. If the chosen file is in memory, Pas-Ed switches to the window containing the file. If the file isn't in memory, Pas-Ed will load it into the current window. <F4> - Open. Opens a new edit window if enough memory is available. <Alt-F4> - Close. Closes the active window and deallocates its memory. <F5> - Zoom. Resizes the active window to full or half screen. <F6> - Next. Selects the next unhidden window as the active window. <Alt-F6> - Back. Selects the previous unhidden window as the active window. <F7> - Copy. Displays a pop-up menu showing the files with marked blocks. The block from the selected file is copied into the active window at the cursor location. This option is identical to the <Ctrl-K><C> block copy command except that it can also copy between files. <F8> - Move. Displays a pop-up menu showing the files with marked blocks. The block from the selected file is moved into the active window at the cursor location. This option is identical to the <Ctrl-K><V> block move command except that it can also move between files. Chapter 6 - The Pas-Ed Editor Pas-Ed Manual - Page 42 <F9> - Make. Makes (compiles) the file in the active window. <F10> - Menu. Opens the menu system. This option is the same as <Alt-E>. <Alt-F10> - Macro recording off. Turns macro recording off. Entering Text ───────────── Text is entered into the Pas-Ed editor in a fashion similar to the Turbo IDE. Like the IDE, Pas-Ed doesn't wrap lines, and lines must be terminated with <Enter>. As long as the cursor hasn't been moved from the line being edited and the line hasn't been erased, the original line can be restored with <Ctrl-Q><L>. If the Insert toggle is on, characters are inserted into the text buffer; otherwise, characters overwrite the existing text. The Pas-Ed editor is a WordStar command editor. The Turbo Pascal manuals have a good explanation of the editing commands. If you need a quick reference of the commands, press <F1> from within the editor to bring up the help menu. If you need a quick reference of the ASCII or extended key codes, press <Alt-A> for a pop-up ASCII table and <Alt-K> for an extended key code table. Chapter 6 - The Pas-Ed Editor Pas-Ed Manual - Page 43 Chapter 7 - Hints On Using Pas-Ed ───────────────────────────────── Hint: Pas-Ed's text buffers are completely independent of one another. If you've loaded the same file into two windows, remember you aren't editing the same text in two windows but rather two separate text buffers. Changes made to the text in one window aren't being made to the text in the other window. If you make different changes in each window and save both windows, the file on disk will contain the changes made to the last window saved. Hint: When working on multi-file programs, always load the main program as the project file. That way, you can compile, run, or debug the program from any window by using a macro which starts the session and enters <Alt-N> in the File Name window. For example, the following macro will make the project file: <Alt-C><M><Alt-N><Enter><Enter> This macro opens the Compile menu with <AltC>, selects Make with <M>, uses the <Alt-N> Name hot key to switch the file name to the project file, <Enter> to select the project file as the file to compile, and <Enter> to accept the compiler command line and start the compile. Hint: Although you can record macros which operate across DOS shells and compile, debug, and run sessions, it's usually best not to write them unless you're absolutely sure in advance of the results of the session. For example, at the end of a compile, Pas-Ed always displays a message indicating the results of the compile. If you write a macro that automatically clears this message, you'll lose any error messages should an error occur, and you'll have to manually examine the error message using the Options/View Last DOS Screen menu option. Hint: Conversely, when using Pas-Ed to compile programs written for languages other than pascal, the ability to write a macro which operates across compile sessions can be a real benefit. Simply enter the compiler name as one of the five user utilities and the file(s) being compiled as the utility command line along with the compiler command line switches. For example, we always use a variation of the name "P-xxxxxx.ASM" for our Pas-Ed assembler files. We have TASM.EXE set up as the third user utility and have as the command line "PAS-*" plus our TASM switches. We then use the following macro to compile our assembler routines: <Alt-F><3><Esc><Alt-F1> Chapter 7 - Hints On Using Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 44 This macro opens the File menu, opens the Utility submenu, selects the third option (TASM.EXE), runs the utility (compiles our PAS-xxxx.ASM files), escapes back to the editor, and hot keys to the last DOS screen, which displays the results of the compile. Hint: If your keyboard locks up, try holding down the <Ctrl> key and alternately pressing the left and right shift keys several times. This will sometimes (not often) unlock the keyboard. When trying to trace the source of the problem, first check to be sure it wasn't caused by the program you're writing. If the problem persists across several different programs, it may be a conflict between Pas-Ed's macro processor and another program, such as a TSR. To check this, turn macro processing off using the Macros/Turn On/Off menu selection. Pas-Ed is otherwise a plain vanilla program, so if the problem continues after macro processing has been turned off, it's probably not being caused by Pas-Ed. Try unloading your TSRs one by one to see if you can find the program causing the problem. As an aside, we regularly use Pas-Ed with SidekickPlus and have had no problems. If your keyboard locks up during a DOS shell or a compile, debug, or run session, then the problem isn't Pas-Ed's macro processor, as it's disabled during these sessions. Hint: If you run out of memory doing an EMS-to-EMS block copy or move, first write the block to a nonsense file, such as TEMP.PAS, using <Ctrl-K><W>, and then read TEMP.PAS into the destination file using <Ctrl-K><R>. Running out of memory during these transfers may indicate that the amount of working DOS memory reserved by Pas-Ed needs to be increased using the Options/Memory Usage/Working Memory menu option. Since only one EMS-based file can be mapped into DOS memory at once, EMS-to-EMS block transfers are temporarily allocated in working memory. Hint: On a related note, remember if you encounter out of memory messages in any situation to consider raising the amount of working memory reserved by Pas-Ed using the Options/Memory Usage/Working Memory menu option. Hint: If your computer doesn't have EMS memory and you have only one or two windows open, turn the Options/Swap To EMS/Disk menu option off during simple DOS shells and when compiling very small programs. When EMS/Disk swapping is disabled, the heap is compressed for the exec session, and enough DOS memory for simple operations should be available providing you have only one or, at most, two windows open. Compressing the heap is very much faster than a disk-based DOS memory swap. If you receive out of memory messages during these sessions, first, check to be sure you're linking to disk, second, if you have two windows open, try closing one window, and finally turn swapping back on. Chapter 7 - Hints On Using Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 45 Hint: If you want to return to your current setup next time Pas-Ed is started but you have another project to work on before exiting Pas-Ed, use the Options/Write Config File menu option to immediately write the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file to disk, thus saving your current setup. Then turn the Config Auto Save option off to ensure that Pas-Ed won't save your new setup upon exit. When you restart Pas-Ed, your current setup will be restored. Hint: If you have a hint that others might find useful and you wouldn't mind sharing, please sent it to Hedco so it can be included in the next version of the manual. Chapter 7 - Hints On Using Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 46