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TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 *** USER CUSTOMIZATION of TVX *** A program called TVX_CFG is also provided with most versions of Standard TVX. It allows you to customize TVX to a great extent. The program generates a file called CONFIG.TVX. When TVX is started with a command line of the form: 'TVX filename -c=config.tvx", the values defined in CONFIG.TVX will be used instead of the defaults. (Warning: TVX_CFG may not be implemented for all systems. It does not work with the emulator versions of TVX.) TVCONFIG is mostly self explanatory. It allows you to change the following: 1. Commands. All of the approximately 50 commands can be redefined. There are some restrictions: all commands must be a single letter, and case is ignored. The '@', ESCAPE, and '<>' commands cannot be changed. Commands cannot be a number, including a '-'. 2. Synonyms. You may define some synonyms, such as space for right, or RETURN for down. You cannot duplicate previously defined commands. 3. Function Keys. Up to 50 function keys may be defined to be equivalent to any command (in fact any letter or character). When a function key is pressed, TVX will translate it to the character you specify. If your function keys use an ESCAPE as a prefix character, you will have to redefine a function key to be ESCAPE! 4. Parameters. You may change the default for any of the ':' parameters. After you have built a suitable working version of CONFIG.TVX, another program called TVX_PTCH has been provided to allow TVX.EXE (or TVX.COM) to be permanently patched with the options set by TVX_CFG. This means you won't have keep track of the CONFIG.TVX file any more, and won't need the '-c' switch. -22- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 *** Error Messages *** *** Abort, are you sure? This message is displayed after the "abort" command has been entered. A reply of y or Y will cause the session to be terminated. *** Bad O= switch An incorrect format was specified for the O= switch. *** Bad @ name An invalid file name was specified. Re-enter. *** Bad command: x The command is not a valid TVX command. *** Bad file name An invalid file name was specified. Re-enter. *** Bad output file: filename An invalid output file was specified. *** Bad par (val | name) An invalid value or parameter name was specified. *** Bad rpt buff # An invalid repeat loop number was entered. *** Bad switch An invalid switch was specified. Re-enter file name and switches. *** buffer empty Information message. Displayed after a new file has been created, or when the write buffer command is executed and the text buffer is empty. *** Can't create new name TVX was unable to create a new name for the output file. Free some disk space, rename the file, try again. *** Can't insert that There are three values that TVX uses internally, and thus are not valid as user inserted characters in the text buffer. *** Can't save last line twice! The last line of the buffer can only be saved once. (That applies to the other lines, too, but the last line is a special case.) *** Can't :o, R/O It makes no sense to set a new file name when the file is read only. *** Can't, buffer empty. Insert 1st Most TVX commands are not valid until some text has been inserted into the buffer. -23- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 *** Can't: R/O File beginning is illegal when the file is read only. *** Compacting buffer Information message. Displayed when TVX is compacting the buffer. The compaction process may take several seconds. *** Compacting done Information. The compaction is complete. *** Compactor lost: quit now! An internal error has been discovered. Exit TVX immediately, and preserve the backup copy. Try the session again. *** Create? (y/n) The file name specified does not exist. A y answer will cause the file to be created. A n answer will allow the file name to be respecified. *** Error reopening Something has gone wrong with the 'File beginning' command. Exit, and try editing the file again. Be careful since an empty file may have been created. *** File only part read There was not enough room in the save buffer to hold the entire external file specified in the 'merge' command. Try re-editing using the 's' big buffer switch. *** Line no longer there Return to noted location can't work because the noted line has been deleted. *** lines filled TVX has run out of room to add more lines. Use the 'write buffer' or 'file beginning' command to get more space for new lines. *** no get room There is not enough room in the text buffer to insert all the text in the save buffer. Use the 'file begin' or 'write buffer' commands, and try again. The '-^W' command is often useful. *** no more lines for insert See "lines filled". *** no nesting TVX does not allow nested repeat loops: "<<..>>". *** no save room There is not enough room left to save any more text in the save buffer. Try saving smaller blocks, or use the 'file begin' command to get more space. *** No more free lines for insert The maximum number of lines have been used. Write the buffer before inserting more new lines. -24- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 *** not found The current find pattern was not found. *** Not a valid rpt buff The current line does not contain a valid repeat loop for the ^R restore command to use. *** reading file... Displayed while TVX is reading in the file. *** rename fails Something has gone wrong with the 'File beginning' or 'quit' commands. On timeshared systems, this may mean you didn't have write capability for the file. The work file will probably be retained, and can be manually renamed or copied using standard operating system commands. *** search fails A cross-buffer search has failed to find pattern. *** Save buffer empty! Tried to write to a file when save buffer empty. *** Unable to open external file An invalid name was specified. *** Unable to open yank file An invalid name was specified. *** writing buffer Displayed when the buffer is being written out. *** writing partial buffer Partial buffer only, as caused by the '-^W' command. *** Yank filename: Enter the name of the file you want to read into the save buffer. *** 100 chars only At most, 100 characters are allowed in each find pattern and each repeat loop. *** <> not complete The repeat loop has terminated before the specified number times have been executed. This is usually what you wanted, and can be caused by failing to find a pattern, or reaching the end of the buffer. An invalid command or other error will also cause a repeat loop to terminate. -25- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 *** TTY MODE *** Normally, TVX is uses as a full screen editor. It will work on dumb crt terminals or on hard copy terminals, however. The alternate mode of operation is called tty mode. Tty mode is also useful for terminals hooked up with slow baud rates. Almost all TVX commands are supported in tty mode. The main difference is that the editor no longer operates in a what you see is what you get mode. When TVX is first started in tty mode (either by the -t command line switch, or using 1:t), it will display a 'tvx>' prompt. The normal mnemonic commands are then entered on the input line. The input line is terminated by a <return> (which is not sent as a command). Each letter on the input line will be interpreted as a TVX command. Thus, entering a line: 'dddr' would move the cursor 3 lines down and one character right. The result of the commands will not be displayed however. The 'V' verify command operates specially for tty mode, and is used to type out lines of the file. The normal procedure, then is to enter commands on the command input line, then enter appropriate 'V' commands to display relevant lines of the buffer. As long as normal TVX commands are entered, the command line prompt is 'tvx>', and the terminating <return> sends commands to TVX to execute. In insert, find, and repeat, the prompt will change to '+'. All text entered, including <return>'s is entered into the text, the find pattern, or the repeat loop buffer. An Escape ends the command, and an additional <return> sends the line to TVX. Why is tty mode included in TVX? The earliest versions of TVX had tty mode because there were a lot of TI Silent-700's around used at 300 baud. No longer. One reason is that tty mode provides an interface useful to visually handicapped users. The other is that it is useful for certain things not possible in visual mode. For example, suppose you wanted to see every line in a file containing a certain pattern. Tty mode is useful for this. Enter tty mode (1:t), then enter the following loop after the 'tvx>' prompt: 1000<fpattern$vd>$$ This command will find the pattern, print the line, and go to the next line to search again. Failure on the last find will exit the loop. There are no doubt other subtle tricks like this that tty mode can be used for. -26- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 *** INSTALLATION OF TVX *** If you have the C source code of TVX, this section has some notes you should find useful if you recompile the code to customize TVX for your system. It should also be helpful if you are installing TVX on a new system. If you are just a user, then you can ignore this section. *** General Comments *** TVX has been designed to be portable. It has had versions running under CP/M-80, MS-DOS, GEMDOS, RT-11, RSX-11, VMS, and Unix BSD 4.2. The heart of TVX portability is the terminal driver. For dedicated systems, the control codes used by a specific terminal are hard wired into C global variables and a terminal specific version is compiled. It has been customary to give a unique name to each different version such as TVV for a VT-52 version, TVT for a televideo version, etc. The Unix 4.2 BSD version of TVX has been written to take advantage of the TERMCAP library usually provided, and is thus terminal independent. Since terminals differ widely, TVX tries to update the screen as best as possible using the control codes available. The minimum set of control sequences required by TVX include direct x-y cursor positioning, and erase from cursor to the end of the current line. Almost all terminals have at least these two controls. The only known terminal widely available that does not have both of these is the ADM-3a. Thus, TVX will NOT work on ADM-3a's. Another desirable control sequence is the ability to insert a blank line at the top of the screen (reverse scroll). This allows TVX to scroll rather than jump from one screen to the next. However, TVX will perform adequately even on terminals with only x-y and erase to end of line. It has also been found that TVX does not always work on terminals with multiple pages of screen data. The scroll bottom line command usually fails. *** Quick and Dirty Porting *** It should be very simple to port TVX to a new machine for a pecific terminal. The only "hard" part comes when trying to use a package like TERMCAP. Then, the 4.2 Unix code can serve as a guide. In effect, what that code does is get the screen controls and patch the regular TVX screen control locations. Typically, however, it should be almost trivial (assuming a fairly standard C implementation - the current code compiles unchanged on 4 different C compilers) to generate a version of TVX for a specific terminal. The main steps: 1. Define the control codes for the terminal. These are explained in some detail in the manual. 2. Fix file I/O calls. This may take no changes at all. The main issue has been the mode argument to fopen. TVX likes to get the file raw - with NO end of line handling by the C I/O system. These -27- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 things are identified by #define's in tvx_defs.ic. The other issue is what is the end of line character. Unix likes LF only, while MS-DOS and descendants like CR/LF (actually DEC RT-11 descendants). The #define FILELF and NEWLINE handle this. 3. The last issue is getting characters to and from the terminal. These are isolated in tvx_io.c. The critical routines: ttrd() [ and ttrd_() ]: This reads one character (ANY possible character, except possible ^S and ^Q) from the terminal, UNECHOED. The routine ttinit is called to possibly initialize things, and ttclos at the end to undo whatever ttinit did. ttwt() and ttwtln(): These are used to send characters to the screen. ttwt sends a single character, immediately and unbuffered. ttwtln can be based on ttwt, but is provided and used whenever a chunk is available to write. This is essential on busy time shared systems. That's really the only problem areas. One good thing to do when porting is to find all the uses of #ifdef (and #ifndef) for the implementations described: MSDOS, UNIX, GEMDOS. Those certainly identify the areas most likely to be different on your system. Note that the Microsoft C compiler for MS-DOS is slightly brain damaged - the arguments to rename in its library are backwards from the rest of the world. *** Source Files Supplied *** The following files are included in most distributions: TVX_1.C - main part of code (part 1) TVX_2.C - main part of code (part 2) These two files are mostly os and terminal independent. TVX_EDIT.C - The main heart of the command parser. Isolated to make generating new emulators easy. When generating a new emulator, only TVX_EDIT and TVX_LEX need to be recompiled. TVX_LEX.C - defaults, some os dependent stuff in here. Major changes in defaults can be fixed by recompiling this file. TVX_IO.C - almost all I/O, including screen, confined to this file. TVX_LIB.C - misc library routines needed by TVX. TVX_IBM.C - IBM-PC specific code, specifically the screen driver (TVX_IBM.ASM - hand optimized version of TVX_IBM.C) TVX_UNIX.C - contains unix specific code, including termcap driver TVX_DEFS.IC - #define's for version, os, terminal, defaults TVX_GLBL.IC - global data structures TVX_TERM.IC - definitions for various terminals and systems TVX_CFG.C - used to build CONFIG.TVX file for -c switch TVX_PTCH.C - MS-DOS versions only - used to permanently apply config settings to TVX.EXE. TVX_MAKE.BAT - MS-DOS Batch file to build TVX using cii c-86. -28- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 TVX_MAKE.UNX - Unix Makefile to make on unix. TVX_REF.DOC - This file, preformatted for printing on a "standard" printer - 80 columns by 66 lines. TVX_TUT.DOC - A novice user tutorial for using Standard TVX. xxx.ref - a quick reference card for given version of TVX. *** Screen Driver and Control Sequences *** The actual codes used by TVX to update the screen are global variables in the 'tvx_glbl.ic' file. Using the '#ifdef EXTERN' trick described in that file, the screen variables (plus most other relevant global variables) are included as external references. The actual definitions for a given terminal are included in a file called 'tvx_term.ic'. Several sample definitions are included in the distribution code. A description of each relevant variable follows: ** X-Y Cursor Addressing int addx - amount to add to internal x position get terminal's x value. Terminals typically encode x-y as a single printable character, thus requiring the addition of a blank to make x-y printable. Since TVX uses a 1,1 origin, this value will commonly be 31. int addy - same as addx, but for y position. char cxychr - true (1) if convert xy binary representation to ascii string. char cxy1st - 'l' if line coordinate first, 'c' if column first. char cxybeg[8], char cxymid[8], char cxyend[8] - The x-y cursor control sequence usually takes one of two forms: <control><x><y> or <control><x><middle><y><end>. The x and y may be reversed. These three arrays are used to send the proper control sequence for xy positioning. *** Other control sequences char cversn[12] - a version string to identify terminal. char cerrbg[8], char cerred[8] - sequences sent when an error message sent to terminal's last line. Note that cerrbe is sent BEFORE the cursor is moved to the last line, and cerred is sent before the cursor is returned to the original position. Some terminals give problems if a highlight sequence is sent before a cursor positioning sequence. A bell is usually safe for most versions. char ctopb[8] - This sequence should insert a blank line when the cursor is at the top left corner. It is often called reverse line feed. A command to insert a line usually performs the same function, but some terminals don't have both. -29- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 char cinit[20], char cendit[20] - these sequences are sent to initialize and reset the terminal. char cbotb[8] - this sequence scrolls the screen up one line when the cursor is on the last line. Line feed works for any terminal encountered to date. char celin[8] - Erase from cursor to end of line. This sequence is required for operation of TVX. char cescr[8] - Erase from cursor to end of screen. If the terminal doesn't have this, it is simulated using multiple celins. char ccsrcm[8], char ccsrin[8] - These are used to change the cursor from command mode to insert mode. Many terminals do not support a method of changing the cursor shape. These have been also been used to change the screen from normal to reverse video and back. char ciline[8] - Insert a blank line. A blank line is inserted on the line the cursor is on. If available, it can be used for ctopb, too. char ckline[8] - Kill a line. The line the cursor is on is deleted, and the following text scrolled up. char cundlb[8], cundle[8] - TVX has the capability to optionally support bold and underline for some text processors. For example, a ^U can be used to toggle underscore. This is only useful for a text formatter that can recognize such a sequence. char cboldb[8], char cbolde[8] - Similar to undlb, but boldface. *** Default settings int ddline - default display line. This sets which line is the default home display line. For scrolling versions (dscrl != 0), right in the middle is a good place. For fixed cursor line versions, something below the middle seems better (like 16 for 24 line screens). int dscrl - default scroll lines. If this is non-zero, the cursor will move up and down lines on the screen with cursor movement commands. This requires a bit less screen update overhead, and is better for slower time shared systems. If it is zero, the cursor will remain fixed on ddline, and text will scroll on and off the screen as needed. Both these are resettable with the : command. int dxcase - default search case. 0 means find is case insensitive, 1 means find must match exact case. int usecz - MS-DOS versions only. If 1, TVX will put a Control-Z end of file mark in the file (this is CP/M compatible). If 0, TVX uses MS-DOS end of file conventions. int autoin - TRUE (1) if auto indent, FALSE (0) otherwise. -30- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 int logdef - Create backup log file by default? 0->no, 1-> yes. char wildch - The character used as a wild card in finds. char delkey - the delete character key, usually backspace. int tvhardlines - number of physical lines on screen. int tvlins - number of lines on virtual screen. Initially should be same value as tvhardlines. int tvcols - number of columns on screen. If the terminal wraps new text to the next line rather than discarding characters after the last column, then tvcols must be set to 1 less than the true width of the terminal. int isibmpc - TRUE (1) if this version uses the custom IBM-PC screen driver. FALSE (0) if uses regular terminal output code. char synofr[20], char synoto[20] - These are used to map commands. The synofr contains commands to be aliased to the corresponding command in the synoto table. For example, the '[' and '{' keys are often reversed on some terminals. Making '[' in synofr a synonym to '{' in synoto will make the two commands the same. char funkey - If the terminal has function keys, they can be supported by TVX by setting this variable to the first code sent by the function key, usually ESCAPE. TVX supports only two code sequences for function keys. char funchar[50] - this is the second code sent by a function key. char funcmd[50] - this is the equivalent command a given function key will be mapped to. Similar to synofr and synoto. *** #define options The file 'tvx_defs.ic' has many #define statements that can be used to customize TVX for particular installations. Ideally, the source for TVX should be maintained as one set, and differences between versions handled by #defines. Most #defines are explained in the source code, but a few deserve a few extra comments, and are summarized below. #define VERSION " - TVX (7/1/85) - " - This defines the version of TVX. Any time a modification is made, the VERSION define should be updated. #define VB - whether or not to create backup log version or not. This does NOT imply the file "backup.log" will be used automatically (see variable logdef), simply that the code is included. #define ULBD - If defined, TVX supports underline, bold in ^U, ^B format. -31- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 #define BACKUPNAME - This defines the name of the backup log file, if used. #define BUFFLIMIT - This defines how much space is saved in the text buffer when reading in a file. This determines how much space is reserved for saving text with the 'S' command, and how much is left over for new inserts. Smaller values allow more text from the file to be read, larger values allow more text to be saved. The '-s' switch at runtime increases this value. #define FILEREAD, #define FILEWRITE - These define the string used for file mode in the fopen() calls. Unix and MS-DOS versions are not typically exactly compatible, as most MS-DOS C's allow a different mode to handle the CR/LF problem. #define FNAMESIZE - maximum length of file names. #define INT16 - If #defined, then the normal C int is 16 bits long. This changes the way memory status is displayed. #define LINELIMIT - Like BUFFLIMIT, only number of lines. #define MAXBUFF - Defines maximum number of characters allocated to text buffer. Malloc() is used to get the space from the runtime system. It is possible less than MAXBUFF will be available. The maximum allowed for any given system must be less than the maximum value represented by an unsigned int. If MAXBUFF is very large, there get to be a noticeable initialization delay. #define MAXLINE - This determines the maximum number of lines allocated per buffer. It is related to MAXBUFF. #define REPEATBUFS - defines how many repeat buffers are allocated. If space is a problem, allocate fewer repeat buffers. #define USELF - This symbol should be defined if the terminal needs a line feed character after each carriage return. Almost always true. #define FILELF - This symbol is defined if text files use a CR/LF combination. It causes a NEWLINE/LF to be written to files. #define NEWLINE - This defines the actual character used as a new line in files. On CR/LF systems, it should be a CR (13). On systems like Unix with a single new line separator, it should be that character (LF). #define USECTRLZ - defined if the code for handling a Control-Z and end of file mark should be used. #define NEEDTVLIB - define this if the standard C library provided doesn't have the routine in TVX_LIB. #define HELP - Define this if help should be supported. The help routine uses significant space, which can be saved if help isn't compiled in. -32- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 #define CONFIGFILE - define this if support for the '-c' switch is desired. **** MS-DOS Notes *** TVX can be built as a generic MS-DOS version and as an IBM-PC specific version. The MS-DOS version uses the standard DOS character output routines. Thus, it could use the ANSI.SYS driver, but it would run very slowly then. The IBM-PC version has a custom screen driver that calls the ROM BIOS directly, and is very fast. Even more speed can be had by optimizing the output assembly code (the sysint overhead). The definitions for and IBMPC included in "tvx_term.ic" also define the keypad keys to work in a predictable manner. *** Unix Notes *** The usual Unix version will be the TERMCAP version. That version works very well, but is not in all cases optimal for a given terminal. It might be desirable to build a specific version for the terminal you use most often. Most notably, the TERMCAP version does not know about cursor shapes or other control sequences to distinguish command mode from insert mode. Also, it sets tvcols to one less than the true value to avoid wrapping problems. The termcap version also only sends a bell for the error message. -33- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 *** TVX File Usage *** TVX uses four logical files: the original file, the destination file, a work file, and the source file. The original file and the destination file are not touched until a normal exit from TVX. The source file is the current copy of the file providing text to be entered. When TVX is first started, the source file and the original file are the same. The work file is used to hold the edited output file. When the '^B' file beginning command is issued, the remainder of the source input file is written to the work output file. The work file then becomes the new source file, and a new work file is created. Thus, it is possible to have four copies of a file around: The .BAK backup copy of the original file, the original copy of the file, the copy of the source file, and the (partially written) work file. Under normal operation, there will only be two copies: the source file (which is really the original file) and the possibly partially written work file. Only by using the '^B' commands can 3 copies of the file exist. When you issue the normal '^X' exit command, the following actions take place: Any old .BAK files are deleted. The original file is renamed to be the new .BAK version. If the source file is different than the original file, it will be deleted. The work file is then renamed to be the destination file. If you don't have write access to the directory with the original file, then the original file and the work file will not be renamed. A message to that effect will be printed. The normal operating system copy and rename commands can be used to recover the work file, which contains the edits made to date. -34- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 *** Standard Quick Reference Summary *** TVX Commands (n => count allowed) nA Append lines B Buffer beginning ^B File beginning nC Change chars nD Down line n^D Down column E Buffer end n^E Edit repeat buffer nF Find pattern ^F Find across buffs G Get save buffer ^G Unkill last line nH Half page nI Insert (till $) J Jump back nK Kill character n^K Kill line nL Left M Memory status nN Note location n^N Reset location nO Open blank line ^O Operating system nP Page ^P Print screen nR Right ^R Restore edited buffer nS Save lines nT Tidy (fill text) ^T Abort session nU Up n^U Up column V Verify n^W Write buff ^X Exit, end session n^Y Yank to(-n)/from(+n) file nBS Delete prev. char. n; Find again / Delete last thing = Change last thing ' Del to line beginning " Delete to line end , Line beginning . Line end nTAB Word right n{ Word left n<>$$ Repeat loop n& Repeat again n#k Execute repeat buffer k n times ? Help @ Invoke cmd file * Insert pat found last n~ Toggle case $ Escape - end insert, find, repeat n:p Set parameter p Possible parameters: A - Autoindent (1=y,0=n) D - display line E - Expand tabs to n spaces F - find case (0=exact,1=any) M - Match wild cards O - set output file name S - scroll window R - repeat buffer to use T - tty mode U - define user wild card set V - virtual window W - autowrap width C - cut mode Usage: tvx filename [-b -i -l -o=f -r -s -t -w -# {-z -c=f}] -[no]b : backup file -[no]i : autoindent -[no]l : make command log file -t : tty mode -o=outputfile -r : read only -s : big save buff -[no]w : word processing mode -# : set virtual window lines to # On MS-DOS versions: -[no]z : use control-z for end of file -c=configfile -c : use /bin/config.tvx -35- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 VIX - A vi-like editor based on TVX Vix is an extension to tvx that provides a close emulation of the Unix editor vi. While the majority of the common commands are identical, there are some inherent differences in the way tvx and vi treat text. Most of the commands were implemented directly using the TVX equivalent, although some commands were required new code. If the vi command could not be implemented, its command letter was left unused, and will produce an error message. Vix does not have the underlying ex editor, so none of the escape to ex commands work. Vix does have the TVX repeat loop, however, and this compensates to a great extent for the need for ex features. Please consult the TVX manual for examples of using the repeat loop. Note that when using the repeat loop with vix, the commands will be vix commands and not tvx commands. Another significant difference is that tvx (and thus vix) treats the end of line character as just another character. Thus cursor movement commands move over the end of line in a fashion one would expect. However, when one moves to the end of the line, the cursor is placed 'over' the newline (displayed after the last real character in the line). This makes the '$' command work somewhat differently. This also means that you can include a <return> in a search pattern. Vix and tvx use ESCAPE to end the search pattern instead of <return>. Vi uses the ':' command to read and write the file (among other things). Vix uses the ':' to set operating parameters such as autoindent, screen size, etc. The 'ZZ' (or 'ZA' to abort without changes) command is used by vix to exit. Unlike vi and ex, tvx and vix try to load the entire file being edited into memory (called the buffer by tvx/vix, as opposed to the yank or save buffer). If the entire file doesn't fit, the user must manually 'page' the file in and out of memory manually. Most of the 'q' ("tvx" prefix) commands are supplied to handle buffer manipulation. For more details, consult the TVX manual. TVX/vix also uses the concept of the "last thing" as a major editing tool. Whenever you find a pattern, skip over a word with b or w, save text into the save buffer with the 'y' or 'Y' commands, or put text from the save buffer, that text is considered the "last thing". The 'c/' and 'd/' commands will delete the last thing. Entering a new command will forget what the last thing was until you again enter a "last thing" command. -36- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 The available vix commands are summarized below. The first column of each entry has a character noting similarities and differences with the real vi commands in the following fashion: - means present in vi, not implemented in vix. = means commands work identically {with possible minor variations} + means new or significantly different command * means "equivalent" command, somewhat different than vi <space> means command unused in both vi and vix. n in front of command means command takes count argument [synonyms indicated in brackets] ^@: Unused ^A: Unused = n^B: Backward window. {2 lines of continuity not preserved} ^C: Unused = n^D: Down half window. - ^E: Not implemented = n^F: Forward window. * ^G: memory status, short info line = n^H: backspace Command mode: left; Insert mode: del last char = ^I: inserts tab in insert mode, not a command. = n^J: down arrow in column [j,^N] + n^K: up in column [k,^P] = ^L: verify screen [^R,z] = n^M: down to beginning of line [+] = n^N: [j, ^J] ^O: Unused = n^P: [k, ^K] = ^Q: Unused (flow control) = ^R: Redraw screen [^L,z] = ^S: Unused (flow control) + ^T: TVX prefix command - see q [q,Q,T] * n^U: Up half window. ** in insert mode, does NOT erase line ** * ^V: Not a command. NOT literal quote in insert mode. * ^W: Not a command. NOT used for delete word in insert. ^X: Unused - ^Y: Not implemented - ^Z: Not implemented = Escape: forces command mode, safe follow char for d,c,q. ^: Unused - ^]: Not implemented - ^^: Not implemented ^_: Unused = <space>: [r] + n!: Tidy. Fills n lines up to wrap margin. [see autowrap] - ": Not implemented + n#p: execute repeat loop number 'p' 'n' times = $: goto end of current line {end is newline, not last char} - %: Not implemented - &: Not implemented - ': Not implemented - (: Not implemented - ): Not implemented + *: insert last matched pattern into text buffer -37- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 = n+: [CR, ^M] - ,: Not implemented * -: Used in vix for negative counts, use K for up line. - .: Not implemented, repeat loops are a substitute = /: search {Escape used to end pattern, multi-line patterns ok} * 0: 0 is used for counts (especially for : parameters) = 0-9: count value for numeric arguments {may be negative!} - :: Not implemented - use ZZ and ZA to exit - ;: Not implemented + n<: Begin repeat loop. Loop terminated with >$$. ($ = Esc) + =: Help screens + >: Used to terminate repeat loops. = ?: Reverse search {search begins on previous line} + n@: execute current repeat loop n times (shorthand for n#p) = A: append to end of line * nB: back a word {vix's concept of words is different than vi} = C: changes rest of line = D: delete rest of the line - E: Not implemented - F: Not implemented = nG: goes to line number n, or end of buffer if no n supplied * H: Beginning of buffer (first line in buffer) = I: inserts at beginning of line = J: join lines {not needed since vix treats newlines as chars} + nK: Up a line to beginning of line * L: bottom line of file + nM: return to marked location n (n from 1 to 9, see m) = N: like n, but in reverse direction = nO: open a line above current line. n opens n blank lines. = P: put save buffer above current line {save buffers not named} + T: tvx commands (see q) [^T,q,Q] * U: very limited undo!! It only restores the LAST line killed! V: Unused * nW: Moves forward n words [w] {vix's concept of words not same} = nX: delete n characters before cursor + nY: append n lines to save buffer (see y), does not change buffer =+ Zx: exit from vix (ZZ: normal, writes file, ZA: abort, no changes) - [[: Not implemented : Unused - ]]: Not implemented = ^: beginning of line {1st char of line, NOT 1st non-white char} + _: invoke indirect command file = a: append text starting after cursor * b: back up a word [see B] = c: change c, <sp>, ^, $, or / (delete, enter insert mode) = c - change line = <sp> - change one character = ^ - to beginning of line = $ - to end of line - w, b, and any others not mentioned not implemented + / - the last thing found, yanked or put = nd: delete d, <sp>, ^, $, or / = d - delete line = <sp> - delete character = ^ - to beginning of line = $ - to end of line -38- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 - w, b, and any others not mentioned not implemented + / - the last thing found, yanked or put - e: Not implemented - f: Not implemented g: Unused = nh: Move left n characters [BS,^H] {will move over lines, too} = ni: insert (if value n supplied, then that ascii code inserted) = nj: down lines, in column [^J,^N] = nk: Up lines, in column [^K,^P] = nl: right n characters [<space>] {moves over lines, too} * nm: mark cur. line as location n. Use M to return to location. = n: find next (in same direction as last ? or /) = no: open n following lines = p: put save buffer after cur line + q: Prefix character for "tvx" extended commands !: call operating system b: goto real beginning of the file e: edit repeat buffer j: jump back to last location p: put external file from save buffer r: restore repeat buffer s: print screen w: read in next page of file y: yank external file to save buffer /: cross buffer search n:p: set parameter 'p' to value 'n', parameters are: a: autoindent (1 means on, 0 off for all "switch" pars) c: "cut" mode (means 'dd' saves line in yank buffer, too) e: expand tabs to n spaces (8 default) d: home display line (where cursor homes after verify) f: find case mode (0 is case insensitive, 1 exact match) m: match wildcards (1 use ^A, ^L, etc., 0 no wild cards) o: requests new name for output file s: scroll window, cursor moves s lines before scrolling t: tty mode - 1: tty mode, 0: visual mode u: requests entry of user wild card set v: virtual window size w: autowrap limit. = r: replace next char with next character entered = ns: substitute: delete n characters, enter insert mode - t: Not implemented - u: Not implemented (see U) v: Unused * nw: advance word (see W) = nx: delete n characters * ny: yank text to save buffer - will save n lines into save buffer (Only one save buffer, 1st y clears buffer, rest add until non y command entered. dd works in a similar fashion, but kills as it saves (if cut_mode enabled)). = z: refresh screen (^L,^R) - {: Not implemented - |: Not implemented = n~: Change case of next n characters * nDEL: Same as X, delete previous character -39- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 EMAX - TVX emulating emacs Important differences: No windows, no marked region, no Q registers, no word delete or case change, ^K interacts differently with save buffer multiple keyboard macros (called repeat loops), much different file and buffer manipulation. Partial line ^K's (no argument or 0 argument) will save the deleted text in the unkill buffer (^CU), but NOT the save/cut buffer. If an argument is supplied, then the killed lines are save in the save buffer. TVX'x kill last thing concept is implemented as ^C^K. Values can be supplied in two ways. Any of the <esc> commands may supply a count after the <esc>. Thus, '<esc>10B' will back over 10 words. <esc> may also be used to specify the count for ctrl commands: '<esc>10^N' goes down 10 lines. The usual emacs '^U' also works to supply arguments. It works in the emacs multiples of 4, but the Arg: count echoes differently. When you press ^U, then the message 'Arg: 4' will appear on the bottom. If you press ^U again, it will change to 'Arg: 16'. However, if you enter any other numeric value, the 'Arg' message disappears, and you get no additional prompting of values. <ctrl-A> Move to start of line. n<ctrl-B> (Back) Move backward by characters. n<ctrl-C> (Command) TVX Command: execute commands provided by TVX base. (These ^C commands have NO relation to ^C commands of large emacs implemetations!) ^A Append line to save buffer ^B Move to absolute beginning of file ^E Edit repeat buffer ^F Fill n lines to autowrap margin ^G No op - exit ^C ^H Half screen down ^J Jump back to previous location ^K Delete last thing ^N Move to beginning of next line ^M Mark location n ^P Move to beginning of previous line ^R Restore edited repeat buffer ^W Write buffer, read next portion of file ; Search forward again ~ Change case of next n characters G Goto line number n H Half page up I Insert ascii char n if n supplied, otherwise enter insert mode L Print screen on printer (micros only) M Return to marked location P Put line into save buffer S Search forward across file buffers U Unkill last single line killed Vp Set variable p (like TVX's : command) -40- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 W Write save buffer to external file Y Yank external file into save buffer n<ctrl-D> (Delete) Delete next character. <ctrl-E> (End) Move to end of line. n<ctrl-F> (Forward) Move forward by characters. n<ctrl-H> Backspace - delete n previous characters n<ctrl-K> (Kill) With no argument, kill from current position to end of line; if at the end, kill the newline. With argument 0, kill from beginning of line to current position. Otherwise, kill argument lines forward (if positive) or backward (if negative). <ctrl-L> Redraw the screen. n<ctrl-N> (Next) Move to next line. n<ctrl-O> (Open) Open line above cursor. n<ctrl-P> (Previous) Move to previous line. <ctrl-R> (Reverse) search backward. <ctrl-S> (Search) search forward. { <Esc>S is a synonym } <ctrl-T> (Transpose) Transpose characters. <ctrl-U> Specify an argument, as described above. n<ctrl-V> Move forward by n pages. <ctrl-X><ctrl-C> Abort edit session with no changes. <ctrl-X><ctrl-B> Short buffer status line n<ctrl-X>E (Execute) Execute current repeat loop n times. <ctrl-Y> (Yank) Yank save buffer to current location. <ctrl-Z> Save current buffer to associated file and exit. n<Del> Delete the previous n characters. (^H is synonym) <esc>% Invoke command file (TVX @ file) <esc>! Call operating system n<esc>#p Execute repeat loop 'p' 'n' times. n<esc>( Repeat loop definition. ')<esc><esc>' ends loop. <esc>-,0-9 Auto argument for other <esc> and CTRL commands. <esc>< Move to beginning of buffer. <esc>> Move to end of buffer. <esc>? Help and status screens n<esc>B (Back) Move backward by words. n<esc>F (Forward) Move forward by words. n<esc>V Move backward by pages. -41- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 *** INDEX *** TVX Reference Manual abort - 12 append - 6, 12 auto wrap - 19 autoindent - 17 backspace - 1, 14, 20, 21 backup file - 4, 6, 13, 20 beginning of file - 6, 9 buffer - 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13 buffer beginning - 6 change - 7 commands - 1, 6 cursor - 1 cursor character - 6 cut mode - 18 default source settings - 30 define options - 31 delete last thing - 15 delete line front - 15 delete line tail - 15 delete previous character - 14 down - 7, 12 down in column - 7 end buffer - 7 end session - 14 Error Messages - 23 escape - 6, 8, 9, 20 exit - 14 external file - 14 find - 8, 9, 14, 18 find case - 18 get - 9 get killed line - 9 half page - 9 home display line - 18 insert - 9, 11 Insert find pattern - 15 Installation - 27 Installation - MS-DOS - 33 Installation - Unix - 33 invoke command file - 17 jump - 10 kill characters - 10 kill lines - 10 -42- TVX Reference Manual 2/25/86 left - 10 line beginning - 15 line end - 15 log file - 4, 14, 17, 20 memory - 10 mode - 6, 7, 9, 11, 15 note - 10, 11 open line - 11 operating system - 11 other control sequences - 29 output file - 18 page - 9, 11 parameters - 17 print - 11 Quick Reference Summary - 35 quit - 7 repeat buffer - 12 repeat loop - 7, 16, 18 right - 11 save buffer - 6, 9, 12, 14 scroll lines - 18 search - 8 skip over words - 16 source code - 27 starting up - 4 status - 10 switches - 5 tab expansion - 18 terminate - 12 tidy - 12 tty mode - 18, 26 TVX File Usage - 34 unkill - 9 up - 13 up in column - 13 user wild cards - 19 verify - 13 virtual window - 19 wild card - 8, 18 word - 16 write buffer - 13 X-Y Cursor Addressing - 29 yank external file - 14 -43-