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- ╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
-
-
- QFORM v1.95 Copr. 1989, 1990 Dave Williams, GRU Development
-
-
- Custom Diskette Formatter
-
-
- shareware - registration $10
-
-
- QForm is a custom diskette formatter. When invoked with the proper command
- line, QForm can format virtually any type of diskette. You can use QForm to
- format a disk quickly or with a special format.
-
- QForm features:
-
- ■ high capacity options: extra tracks or sectors
- ■ fast format (no verify)
- ■ optional "boot through" to hard disk if diskette is in A: drive
- ■ add a volume label automatically during format
- ■ quick /4 and /7 commands force 360k and 720k formats
- ■ batch formatting
-
- QForm uses the ROM BIOS routines to format floppy disks on IBM compatible
- computers. Only floppy disks may be formatted: your hard disk is not
- accessible to QForm. QForm will not format a network floppy drive.
-
- QForm manipulates hardware directly, and allows many machines which have
- difficulty formatting both 1.44mb and 720k diskettes to do so without
- reconfiguring the drive or CMOS.
-
-
- ┌─────────┐
- ┌─────┴───┐ │ (tm)
- ──│ │o │──────────────────
- │ ┌─────┴╨──┐ │ Association of
- │ │ │─┘ Shareware
- └───│ o │ Professionals
- ──────│ ║ │────────────────────
- └────╨────┘ MEMBER
-
-
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- <page 2>
- Table of Contents:
-
- Registration and Licensing ............................................. 3
-
- Formatting Options ..................................................... 4
-
- Command Line Parameters ................................................ 5
-
- Error Messages ......................................................... 6
-
- Acknowlegements ........................................................ 7
-
- History and Bug List ................................................... 8
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- <page 3>
- ======================== Registration ========================
-
-
- noncommercial single-user registration fee: $10.00
- commercial or multisystem site license fee: $30.00
-
-
- Send a check for US funds or company P.O. to:
-
-
- Dave Williams
- PO Box 181 - B
- Jacksonville, AR 72076-0181
- USA
-
-
- Print the file ORDER.TXT for a ready-made order form.
-
- Registered versions of QForm are normally shipped on 5-1/4 inch diskettes.
- Please specify if you need 3.5 inch diskettes instead (same price).
- Your registered version will not have the brief delay after formatting.
- Support is available by BBS or through the PCRelay echomail network.
- Announcements of new versions will be posted in both places.
-
-
- ======================== Licensing ========================
-
- QForm is the property of Dave Williams and GRU Development. No other persons
- may sell QForm for a profit. Shareware resellers are allowed to distribute
- QForm provided 1) they note that Qform is a shareware product; 2) that their
- price per disk does not exceed $5.00: 3) they note that disk's price does not
- count toward the registration price of QForm.
-
-
- ======================== Liability ========================
-
- QForm accesses the system hardware at a low level. Though precautions have
- been taken to try to detect unsafe parameters, it is possible to force QForm
- to damage a drive. Dave Williams and GRU Development will not be held liable
- for any damages. If you are unsure of what QForm can do, don't use it!
-
- This program is produced by a member of the Association of Shareware
- Professionals (ASP). The ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle
- works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with
- an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The
- ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member,
- but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to
- the ASP Ombudsman at P.O. Box 5786, Bellevue, WA 98006 or send a Compuserve
- message via EasyPlex to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536
-
-
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- <page 4>
- ======================== Formatting Options ========================
-
-
- QForm will generate any standard DOS format. The following table shows you
- what options are correct for specified formats:
-
- Parameter Space Drive Type
- ------------ --------------- ----------------------------------
- /n:9 /t:40 360k any drive
- /n:9 /t:80 720k 720k 5¼, 720k 3½, 1.2m 5¼, 1.44m 3½
- /n:15 /t:80 1.2m 1.2m 5¼
- /n:18 /t:80 1.44m 1.44m 3½
-
-
- Many machines will also accept diskettes formatted with nonstandard, higher
- capacity formats. Examples of these are:
-
- Parameter Space Drive Type
- ------------ --------------- ----------------------------------
- /n:9 /t:42 380k any double-sided drive
- /n:9 /t:84 766k 720k 5¼, 720k 3½, 1.2m 5¼, 1.44m 3½
-
- /n:15 /t:84 1.27m 1.2m 5¼, 1.44m 3½
- /n:18 /t:84 1.53m 1.44m 3½
-
-
- QForm will automatically try to format a diskette at the highest capacity
- offered by the drive. If you have a 1.2 or a 1.44 and wish to format a 360
- or 720 you will need to override QForm's autodetection with the command line
- switches.
-
- Please note:
-
- The 42 and 84 track parameters are not specifically supported by many floppy
- drives. Use of these parameters is strictly "at your own risk." Though these
- parameters have not damaged any of the hardware they have been tested on, it
- is possible they might cause damage to your drive. If your drive makes any
- unusual noises, stop at once!
-
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- <page 5>
- Command Line Parameters
-
- Commands may be entered in upper or lower case. All commands are separated
- by forward slashes (/). Spaces between commands are optional.
-
- Usage is: QForm d: [options]
- Examples: QForm A: /n:9 /t:42 /x
- QForm B: /n:9 /t:80 /b /!
-
- Option Meaning Version
- ------ ---------------------------------------------- ---------
- d: drive to be formatted v1.0
- /R show registration information v1.91
- /T:nn format nn tracks v1.0
- /N:nn format nn sectors per track v1.0
- /X do not verify the diskette (cuts time in half) v1.0
- /! make audible signal at end of format v1.32
- /B "boot through" to hard disk v1.6
- /V prompt for volume label after format v1.5
- /V:label automatically add "label" after format v1.5
- /4 forces 360k format in any drive v1.7
- /7 forces 720k format in 1.44meg drive v1.7
- /E 384k format on 360k drive v1.7
- /S format a system (bootable) diskette v1.8
- /#:nn format nn diskettes v1.9
-
-
- Detailed explanation of command parameters:
-
- d: Floppy drive to format. May be any valid non-networked floppy drive,
- including those with drive letters which appear after the hard drive,
- as with some secondary floppy controllers. QForm will not format
- network drives.
-
- /T:xx This sets the number of tracks. Standard diskettes format at 40 or 80
- tracks. QForm allows you to format disks with more or fewer tracks.
- You can normally format 40 track drives to 42 tracks, and 80 track
- drives to 84 tracks without problems.
-
- /N:xx Sets number of sectors per track. QForm defaults to 9, 15, or 18
- sectors depending on the type of drive and requested format. DOS does
- not normally recognize other values. A future version of QForm will
- include a device driver that will allow use of more sectors than DOS
- presently allows. If you have one of the rare DOS versions that will
- read a 10 sector diskette, you can use QForm to format new diskettes.
-
- /X Turns off verification during format. This can reduce formatting times
- 40-45%. See "TANSTAAFL" below!
-
- /! Makes an audible signal when format is complete. Handy when you have
- better things to do than babysit the keyboard.
-
- /B QForm defaults to a standard IBM-type boot sector. With /B, QForm
- writes a special boot sector that lets you leave a diskette in drive A
- when booting off the hard disk. The machine will look at the floppy in
- A, then proceed to boot off the hard disk. The /S option overrides
- this option.
-
- /V Prompts for a volume label after format. See your DOS manual for a
- discussion of valid volume labels.
-
- /V:xxx Puts label "xxx" on the floppy automatically after format. Spaces are
- not allowed in labels applied with this option.
-
- /4 Forces a 360k format on any drive. This allows you to format a 360k
- diskette and use one of the sector copiers to move copy protected
- software from a 5-1/4 to a 3-1/2 diskette, or to format a 360k
- diskette in a 1.2 meg drive. Please note: not all 1.2 meg drives are
- capable of writing diskettes which can be read on a 360k drive!
-
- /7 Forces a 720k format on any compatible drive. Saves typing a lot of
- parameters. Useful for 720s in machines with 1.44s with no disk type
- detection (early PS/2s cannot identify a 720 in a 1.44), for old XTs
- with 720k drives (BIOS defaults to 40 tracks).
-
- /E This option lets you format a standard 360k floppy to 384k by adding
- two more tracks and reducing the number of directory entries from 112
- to 16. This reduces the directory size from 7 sectors to 1 sector. Disk
- space is 384,000 bytes. This format can be read by any MSDOS machine,
- and was pioneered by Eric Tauck (hence the /E parameter). DISKCOPY,
- CHKDSK, and all OEM DOS utilities recognize this format.
-
- /S Make SYSTEM (bootable) diskette. QForm uses your own DOS' SYS command
- to place the DOS files on your diskette. It initially assumes that the
- drive you ran QForm from was the boot drive and that SYS is in your
- PATH statment. If your system configuration is different, you can add
- the statement BOOT=C:COMMAND.COM (or wherever) to your DOS environment.
- QForm will change to that drive and execute the SYS command.
- An advantage to this is the ability to format a diskette with any DOS
- version you want. For example, you could set BOOT=A:COMMAND.COM to
- format a DOS 2.1 diskette while running DOS 4.0. The drive letter tells
- QForm where to look for the system files. The filename is the name of
- the DOS command interpreter, normally COMMAND.COM, though you might be
- using the popular 4DOS or Command Plus interpreters.
- Why exec the SYS command? There is no simple way to identify the
- system files on your computer. The prime culprit is DR-DOS, which uses
- a very different layout from MSDOS. The SYS command will always work,
- while poking about on your system may not yield the proper results.
- Note that most DOS versions will happily boot off somewhat nonstandard
- diskettes.
-
-
- /#:nn Batch format of nn diskettes.
-
- QForm takes approximately 24k of RAM while operating. On completion, it will
- return one of the following DOS ERRORLEVEL codes:
-
- errorlevel 1 normal termination
- 2 critical error: aborted by operator
- 3 unrecoverable disk error
- 4 too many bad sectors
- 5 invalid command line parameter
- 6 error writing volume label
-
-
- »» TANSTAAFL: (There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch)
-
- You'll notice that QForm isn't appreciably faster than DOS' FORMAT.COM. There
- is a very good reason - the NEC 765 floppy controller chip proceeds at pretty
- much its own rate regardless of software input. It formats a track, then goes
- back and rereads the track to look for errors. By turning error-checking
- (verify) off, you can cut the time in half. That's how most "fast" floppy
- formatters work. The X parameter will turn off error-checking if you insist.
- I don't recommend using this parameter unless you are reformatting a floppy
- previously known to be good. Think of the X as a skull and crossbones.
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- Error messages: <page 6>
-
- QForm reports the following error messages:
-
- Error: Drivespec is SUBSTed, ASSIGNed, JOINed, or Network drive.
- meaning: For safety reasons, QForm does not work on these drive types.
-
- Error: No valid drives found.
- meaning: QForm could not find any floppy drives.
-
- Error: Specified device is not a floppy drive.
- meaning: You asked QForm to format something other than a floppy.
-
- Error: Unknown drive type.
- meaning: QForm could not determine the floppy drive type. Qform
- can still format a disk if you give it the number of tracks
- and sectors and the proper ID byte.
-
- Error: QForm Terminated: disk error in system area.
- meaning: The disk had a bad spot where QForm needed to write the boot
- sector and directory information. The disk should be
- discarded.
-
- Error: QForm terminated. Too many bad sectors.
- meaning: QForm will abort if more than 10% of the disk is bad. The
- disk should be discarded.
-
- Error: Diskette cannot be formatted.
- meaning: The diskette controller chip has reported an unknown
- failure condition and aborted the format. This message can
- come up with some machines using not-quite-compatible BIOSes.
-
- Error: Too many tracks for detected drive type. Continue (Y/N)?
- meaning: Formatting more than 42 tracks on a 40 track drive or 84
- tracks on an 80 track drive could damage the drive mechanism.
- This message may come up on some older XTs with 720k drives.
- Be careful when overriding this warning - trying to format
- 80 tracks on a 40 track drive can destroy the drive!
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- <page 7>
-
- Acknowlegements:
-
- Richard Hamming noted, "Isaac Newton could see so far because he was like a
- midget standing on the shoulders of giants. Programmers, however, are like
- midgets standing on the toes of other midgets."
-
- No piece of software is written in a vacuum. QForm's development has been
- influenced by the information available to me as it was written. QForm is
- written in Borland's Turbo Pascal v5.5 and Microsoft's Macro Assembler v5.1.
-
- Portions of code used in QForm were originally developed by Kim Kokkonen of
- Turbo Power Software, 3109 Scotts Valley Dr. #122, Scotts Valley CA 95066,
- and adapted for my purposes. Kim also sells some of the best Turbo Pascal
- programming tools around.
-
- Eric Tauck's BDISK and FORDSK programs, Jacques Pierson's SDF, Peter Norton's
- FCOPY, (remember that one, Peter?), F.M. de Monasterio's NEWBOOT3, Jeff
- Prosise' DISKPREP, B. Gibson's BOOTHRU, Sanford J. Zelkovitz' INTRCPT3, David
- Rifkind's SKEWTEST, and other programs were valuable sources of information.
-
- Much information was gathered from Byte Magazine's BIX system, thanks to
- John Switzer, David Rifkind, Roedy Green, Donn Anderson, and others. Thanks
- again, guys.
-
- Finally, the "authoritative Word" came from the disassembly and inspection of
- good ol' DOS 2.1 and 3.3 FORMAT.COM via V Communications' incredible SOURCER
- code disassembler and by inspection of formatted disks with Central Point's
- CopyIIPC Option Board.
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- <page 8>
-
- History:
-
- 12/03/89 v1.0 first shareware version of QForm
- 12/11/89 v1.01 added color support
- 01/15/90 v1.1 documentation reflects ASP membership; DOS version check
- eliminated for proper function on Toshiba 1000 (oops!);
- added elapsed time counter; fixed cursor-loss on fatal error
- 02/07/90 v1.2 fixed a bug which prevented some machines from being able
- to read 720k 3½" diskettes generated by QForm
- 02/21/90 v1.3 added track count, added colon requirement on command line
- to match Microsoft practice
- 02/23/90 v1.31 fixed incomplete display problem for CGA monitors, changed
- registration price from $15 to $10
- 02/24/90 v1.32 added /! switch to put audible signal at end of format
- 02/27/90 v1.4 fixed improper media byte problem on some XTs with high
- density floppy controllers. Substantial code rewriting.
- 02/28/90 v1.5 added /V: and /V commands for volume label
- 03/01/90 v1.6 added /B "boot through" option
- 03/01/90 v1.61 turned control-break checking on for those "uh-oh" times
- 03/02/90 v1.62 revamped error messages
- 03/02/90 v1.63 now checks state of DOS verify flag, turns verify off while
- formatting (we're monitoring directly and don't need the DOS
- overhead) and restores original verify state on exit
- 03/04/90 v1.7 added /4 command for 360k in 1.2mb drive, /7 command for
- 720k disk in 1.44 w/o drive detect
- 03/05/90 v1.71 added README.EXE to read documentation
- 03/09/90 v1.8 added /S command to format system disk, BOOT= environment
- variable to find system drive
- 03/10/90 v1.85 fixed bug that prevented formatting 720k diskettes on older
- XTs without BIOS support
- 03/12/90 v1.9 added /#:nn to batch format diskettes
- 03/13/90 v1.91 added /R command for shareware information
- 03/14/90 v1.95 enhanced /S option to allow loading of system files and
- command interpreter from any given drive.
-
- Bug List:
-
- 1) Doesn't always work properly on XT machines with high density floppy
- controllers and 1.2 or 1.44 drives. Usually just doesn't work at all if
- there's any problem. I've chased this one round and round, and some of the
- BIOSes in the el cheapo cards are... well... icky.
-
- 2) Though I haven't actually come across one yet, it's possible one of the
- OEM customized DOS versions might not work with a nonstandard format. Some
- vendors (like Tandy) modify the actual DOS files heavily and then buy the
- utilities from a place like Phoenix. Toshiba writes their own utilities. If
- the vendor messed with the DOS too much QForm might not work. Same goes for
- the various BIOS versions, especially those oddball Kwai-Chang Klone jobs.
-
- 3) QForm can't reliably tell what sort of diskette is in the floppy drive,
- so it tries to format a diskette as high density if a high density drive
- is present. This may be corrected in a future version. The main problem is
- that some of IBM's PS/2 machines don't have any way to detect a low density
- diskette in a high density drive; the physical hardware isn't there. Again,
- some of those pesky cheapo high density XT controllers don't monitor the
- correct lines of the floppy drive, which may or may not be configured right
- anyway. <heavy sigh>
-
-