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- 144
- à 8.2èThe Semicolon
- ä:èIn the sentences in the Example, underline the ones that
- properly use the semicolon.
- #âS:è╕My coupons have expired; now I will have to borrow yours.
- #êë╕I grew fearful; I retreated; I surrendered.
- #êë╗I watched him go past the boundary marker; and into the
- #êë╗termite mound.
- #╗êë╕I got pneumonia; as a result, I was out of school for
- #êë╕a week.
- éS In a compound sentence, semicolons take the place of a comma and
- a coordinating conjunction, precede a conjunctive adverb, or precede a
- transitional phrase that acts as a conjunctive adverb.ïSometimes semi-
- colons replace a comma in front of a coordinating conjunction in a sen-
- tence that already has many commas.ïAn example of a semicolon taking
- #the place of a comma and a coordinating conjunction is as follows: ╖I
- #╖see your invention; I don't care for it.ï╗An example of a semicolon
- #that precedes a conjunctive adverb is as follows: ╖Humphrey worried
- #╖about Harold being at sea; soon a tidal wave would be in the vicinity
- #╖of Harold's vessel. ╗An example of a semicolon preceding a transitional
- #phrase is as follows: ╖Dana was well established in her new home; as a
- #╖matter of fact, she had her curtains up one day after moving in.╗ An
- example of a semicolon replacing a comma in front of a coordinating
- conjunction in a sentence that already has many commas is as follows:
- #╖Fran, ╖as far as I am able to determine, has recovered her antique
- #╖sap╖phire ╖necklace; but how much, do you think, she suffered in the
- #╖mean╖time?
- 1.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses a
- semicolon?
- A)ïThe azaleas are almost in full bloom; soon the tourists will be
- è stampeding into town.
- B)ïJump over the line; because I dare you.
- C)ïI searched for the bird food; but I could not find it.
- D)ïå
- üèThe sentence containing the semicolon before the conjunctive
- #adverb ╢soon ╗correctly uses the semicolon.ïIt appropriately connects
- #two related independent clauses: ╢the azaleas are almost in full bloom ╗
- #and ╖╖╢the tourists will be stampeding into town.ï╗In another sentence,
- #a semicolon wrongly connects the adverb dependent clause ╖because I dare
- #╖you ╗to the independent clause ╖jump over the line.ï╗Use a comma in-
- stead, for semicolons never join a fragment to an independent clause.
- In the remaining sentence, a compound sentence, the semicolon is
- unnecessary.ïAll that is required is a comma before the coordinating
- #conjunction ╖but.╗
- Ç A
- 2.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses a
- semicolon?
- A)ïThe giant trashed the farm house; while Gertrude ripped out gobs
- è of her hair.
- B)ïI whisked the baby away from the reptile; in the meantime, it began
- è to thunder.
- C)ïSince he could not read the book; Joe slammed it against the wall.
- üèThe semicolon is used properly to connect two closely related
- #independent clauses, one beginning with ╢I whisked ╗and the other intro-
- #duced by the prepositional phrase ╢in the meantime.ï╗Very often semi-
- #colons are used in front of transitional expressions like ╢in the mean-
- #╢time ╗that relate one independent clause to another.ïIn another sen-
- tence, the semicolon directly in front of the dependent adverb clause
- #╖╗beginning with╖ while Gertrude ripped╗ wrongly connects a fragment to
- #the independent clause beginning with ╖the giant.╗ïUse a comma instead.
- In the remaining sentence, the semicolon directly following the
- #adverb dependent clause beginning with ╖because he could ╗wrongly con-
- #nects a fragment to the independent clause beginning with ╖Joe slammed.
- Use a comma instead.
- Ç B
- 3.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses a
- semicolon?
- A)ïThe engine began to sputter; the lights dimmed, the car stopped.
- B)ïThe man awoke, he lurched forward; he regained his balance.
- C)ïThe land was surveyed; it was bulldozed; it was filled with concrete
- è for a parking lot.
- D)ïå
- üèEach one of ç sentences contains three independent clauses.
- #But only the one with the two semicolons, one after ╢surveyed ╗and the
- #one after ╢bulldozed╗, is correctly punctuated to form three compound
- sentences.ïIn another sentence, the semicolon wrongly connects an in-
- #╗dependent clause to the run-on-sentence ╖the lights dimmed, the car
- #╖stopped.ï╗In the remaining sentence, the semicolon wrongly joins a
- #╖╗run-on-sentence to the independent clause ╖he regained his balance.
- In both cases, the comma responsible for the run-on-sentence should be
- replaced by a semicolon to form three compound sentences.
- Ç C
- 4.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses a
- semicolon?
- A)ïThe crack in the plaster, for as long as I can remember, has been
- è a chronic, frustrating problem; yet soon it will be fixed.
- B)ïGive me soup; nuts; and red peppers.
- C)ïWill increased taxes; and falling interest rates doom us all?
- D)ïå
- üèThere are so many commas within the compound sentence beginning
- #with ╢the crack in the plaster ╗that it is necessary to substitute a
- semicolon for a comma that would normally precede the coordinating con-
- #junction ╢yet╗ joining the two independent clauses.ïIn ╖Give me soup;
- #╗╖nuts; and red peppers, ╗the two semicolons incorrectly separate three
- #╖╗items in a series that require two commas.ïIn the remaining sentence,
- #╖╗the semicolon incorrectly joins two fragments, each containing one
- #half of a compound subject: ╖increased taxes ╗and ╖falling interest
- #╖rates.ï╗Replace the semicolon with a comma.
- Ç A
- ä:èIn the sentences in the Example, underline the one that
- correctly uses the semicolon.
- âS:èThe three boys Marianne tried to avoid were; Thomas, who
- êësnaps his fingers, John; who throws gum, and Joseph; who
- êëbelches.
- #êë╕Sarah, my most mature child, reads autobiographies; Jack, my
- #êë╕only boy, reads westerns; and Jill, my youngest child, reads
- #êë╕romances.
- éS When there are many commas in a series, semicolons, to avoid
- awkwardness and even confusion, can replace commas normally used to
- separate the items in a series.ïObserve all the commas in the following
- #sentence: ╖The geographer spoke about rubber plants, which grow in
- #╖Central America, African deserts, which are uninhabited by nomads, and
- #╖an isolated tribe in Central Asia, whose chief has a degree from
- #╖Harvard University.ï╗There is some confusion because the second item
- #in the series beginning with ╖African deserts ╗could be seen as the
- first item, as if rubber plants grew in African deserts as well as in
- Central America.ïTherefore, for the sake of clarity, a semicolon should
- #replace the comma after ╖American.ïAn isolated tribe, ╗the beginning of
- the third item in the series, looks like it could be another example,
- besides nomads, of a people who can not live in African deserts.ïRe-
- #placing the comma after ╖nomads ╗with a semicolon will avoid possible
- #confusion.ïThe revised sentence would be as follows: ╖The geographer
- #╖spoke about rubber plants, which grow in Central America; African
- #╖deserts, which are uninhabited by nomads; and an isolated tribe in
- #╖Central Asia, whose chief has a degree from Harvard University.
- 5. Which one of the following is effectively punctuated?
- A)ïSue is fond of Ann, the clown, Sam, the dunce, and Jo, the nerd.
- B)ïInto the barrel raced Frieda, our cousin, Jamie, our cat; and Tony,
- è our pet mouse.
- C)ïMy favorite aliens, for sure, are Polyhydrant, who, most of the time,
- è can never stop drinking; Teaspoons, who believe me, is ever so
- è delicate; and Flower, who is always sniffing.
- #üèThe sentence beginning with ╢my favorite aliens ╗is effectively
- punctuated.ïThe commas are used to set off parenthetical expressions.
- The semicolons firmly separate the items in the series to avoid mis-
- #understandings, particularly between ╢drinking╗ and ╢Teaspoons╗, and be-
- #tween ╢delicate ╗and ╢Flower.ï╗In another sentence, a semicolon needs
- #to replace the comma after ╖dunce.ï╗Otherwise it might seem that there
- are more than three people Sue is fond of, or there could be confusion
- #as to who is who.ïIn the remaining sentence, the semicolon after ╖cat╗
- #very clearly separates the ╖cat ╗from ╖Tony╗, but a semicolon needs to
- #replace the comma after ╖cousin ╗to make sure that the reader does not
- mistake Jamie the cat for Jamie the cousin.
- Ç C
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