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- à 6.4èConjunctive Adverbs
- ä:èIn the compound sentences in the Example, under line the
- conjunctive adverbs.
- #âS:èI smashed the laundry bag; ╕otherwise╗, my old shoe would
- êënot come out.
-
- #êëWe liked the puppy; ╕howeve╕r╗, it was too expensive to buy.
-
- #êëThey are quite lonely; ╕therefore╗, I will try to cheer
- êëthem up.
- éS Conjunctive adverbs are adverbs that act as conjunctions con-
- necting the independent clauses in a compound sentence.ïNormally a
- semicolon directly precedes them and a comma is placed directly after
- them.ïUsing a comma instead of a semicolon in front of a conjunctive
- adverb creates a run-on-sentence.ïNote that although a comma directly
- before a coordinating conjunction is an appropriate marker between in-
- dependent clauses in a compound sentence, a comma directly preceding
- a conjunctive adverb is not appropriate. The following is a comprehensive
- #list of conjunctive adverbs: ╖accordingly, additionally, afterwards,
- #╖also, besides, consequently, finally, first, furthermore, hence, how-
- #╖ever, indeed, instead, later, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, now,
- #╖otherwise, secondly, similarly, soon. still, then, therefore, thus.
- 1.èWhich one of the following compound sentences contains
- a conjunctive adverb appropriately positioned and punctuated?
- A)ïThe recent dip in the stock market worries me, accordingly, I plan
- è to sell all my shares as soon as possible.
- B)ïHe rented a block of condos, moreover; he owns a yacht.
- C)ïShe waxed all the floors; later, she noticed some scuff marks in
- è an unwaxed corner of the kitchen.
- #üèThe conjunctive adverb ╢later╗ directly preceded by a semicolon
- and directly followed by a comma is appropriately used as a compound
- #sentence connector.ïIn another sentence, ╖accordingly╗ is positioned
- correctly, but part of the punctuation around it is faulty.ïThe comma
- #directly after ╖accordingly╗ is fine, but a comma instead of a semicolon
- #directly precedes ╖accordingly╗, creating a run-on-sentence.ïIn the re-
- #maining sentence, ╖moreover╗ is positioned correctly, but the punctua-
- tion around it is reversed, creating confusion.ïA semicolon should
- never directly follow a conjunctive adverb, and a comma should never
- directly precede a conjunctive adverb.
- Ç C
- 2.èWhich one of the following compound sentences contains
- a conjunctive adverb appropriately positioned and punctuated?
- A)ïI am nonetheless broke, I hope to straighten out my finances soon.
- B)ïThe jet flew right over Mt. Ranier; indeed, I could almost touch
- è the summit.
- C)ïBrian is very fond of Anna, consequently, he writes to her every
- è week.
- #üèThe conjunctive adverb ╢indeed ╗is correctly positioned and
- punctuated as a compound sentence connector.ïIn another sentence,
- #the conjunctive adverb ╖nonetheless ╗is improperly placed.ïIt should
- #follow the last word ╖broke╗ in the first independent clause.ïA semi-
- #colon should be put directly before ╖nonetheless ╗for proper punctua-
- #tion, and the comma after ╖broke╗ should go directly after ╖nonethe-
- #╖less╗.ïIn the remaining example, we have a run-on-sentence because a
- #comma is placed directly before the conjunctive adverb ╖consequently.
- To correct this error, a semicolon should replace that comma.ïThe
- #comma directly after ╖consequently ╗is fine.
- Ç B
- 3.èWhich one of the following compound sentences contains a
- conjunctive adverb appropriately positioned and punctuated.
- A)ïShe bathed the dogs with perfumed shampoo; afterwards, she could
- è not stop wheezing.
- B)ïDon't take me to the dentist now, I will probably gag.
- C)ïThe rule is enforceable then; how could you get around it?
- D)ïå
- #üèThe conjunctive adverb ╢afterwards ╗directly preceded by a
- semicolon and directly followed by a comma appropriately joins two
- independent clauses in a compound sentence.ïIn another example, the
- #omission of a semicolon directly before the conjunctive adverb ╖now
- creates a run-on-sentence.ïThe remaining example doesn't make any
- sense because the semicolon, instead of directly preceding the con-
- #junctive adverb ╖then╗, directly follows it.
- Ç A
- 4.èWhich one of the following compound sentences contains a
- conjunctive adverb appropriately positioned and punctuated?
- A)ïMaury is extremely sick still she may recover.
- B)ïLee has been scooping dirt on the ant hill also, he piles on daisies
- è when he is done.
- C)ïDo not operate on my back instead, send me home right away.
- D)ïå
- üèAll of ç sentences are defective. One of them is a fused
- sentence, with no punctuation at all surrounding the conjunctive adverb
- #╖still╗ that joins the two independent clauses in a compound sentence.
- There always must be some punctuation between independent clauses in a
- #compound sentence.ïIn this case, a semicolon directly before ╖still╗
- #and a comma directly after ╖still ╗would be appropriate.ïThe other sen-
- tences are run-on-sentences.ïEach one requires a semicolon directly
- #before the conjunctive adverbs ╖also ╗and ╖instead╗.
- Ç D
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