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- 138
- à 2.6èThe Perfect Tenses
- ä:èIn the sentence in the Example, underline the verbs that
- are in the perfect tense.
- âS:
-
- # ╖ She ║has beaten╗ ╖the rug ╗(present perfect).
-
- # ╖ The emergency ╖room personnel ║had worked╗ ╖long hours ╗(past
- ïperfect).
-
- #ïI ║will have ╖║driven╖ 2,000 miles╗ (future perfect).
- #éS All the perfect tenses consist of a form of ╖have╗ plus a past
- participle.ïThe present perfect tense refers to an action that started
- #in the past and is still continuing in the present ╖(I have collected
- #╖coins for years) ╗or an action that started in the past but is con-
- #cluded at the present time ╖╖(Sam has finished his project)╗.ïNote that
- #the only helping verb in the present tense is a form of ╖have.ï╗If any
- #other helping verbs precede have ╖(could, might, should, would, can,
- #╖may)╗, then we no longer have a present perfect tense formation.ïThe
- past perfect tense refers to an action that occurred before another
- #action is completed ╖(Eric had prowled around the block before he found
- #╖the manhole) ╗or for an action already finished at a particular time in
- #the past ╖(At the end of last term, I had done very well in algebra).
- The future perfect tense refers to an action that will be done before
- #or by a specific time in the future: ╖Amy will have (or shall have)
- #╖received her diploma by next spring.
- 1.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an irregular
- verb in the present perfect tense?
-
- A)ïI always dread intense headaches.
- B)ïIs it true that you have gone to India?
- C)ïHe has, according to Trudy, a long history of drug abuse.
- D)ïå
- ü
- #êï╢Have gone╗ is the only verb in the present perfect tense; ╢
- #╢gone ╗is the past participle of the irregular verb ╢go.ï╗In the other
- #two sentences, ╖has ╗and ╖dread ╗are present tense verbs unattached to
- any past participles.
- Ç B
- 2.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a regular
- verb in the present perfect tense?
-
- A)ïIs Robert as sophisticated as Ronald?
- B)ïI figured that Valeria already moved away.
- C)ïTed has developed a cure for acne.
- D)ïå
- ü
- #êï╢Has developed╗ is in the present perfect tense, with ╢develop
- as the regular verb.ïOne other sentence contains the first person
- #singular present tense verb form of ╖be, is.ïFigured ╗and ╖moved ╗in
- #the remaining sentence are two verb forms of the past tense of ╖figure
- #and ╖move.
- Ç C
- 3.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an irregular
- verb in the past perfect tense?
-
- A)ïSarah had won top honors in the Special Olympics.
- B)ïJames found his brown shoelace in the basement.
- C)ïThey have established a reputation for honesty.
- D)ïå
- ü
- #êï╢Had won ╗is the verb in the past perfect tense; ╢won ╗is the
- #past participle of the irregular verb ╢win.ï╗In the other sentences,
- #╖have established ╗is a verb form in the present perfect tense, and
- #╖found ╗is a past tense verb form.
- Ç A
- 4.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a regular
- verb in the past perfect tense?
-
- A)ïWe have located the difficulty in the sink.
- B)ïThe house had mildew on the shutters.
- C)ïShe had cornered the cat.
- D)ïå
- ü
- #êï╢Had cornered ╗is a verb in the past perfect tense; ╢cornered ╗
- #is the past participle of the regular verb ╢corner.ï╗In the other sen-
- #tences, ╖had ╗is a main verb in the past tense, and ╖have located ╗is a
- #verb in the present perfect tense.ï╖Located╗ is the past participle of
- #the regular verb ╖locate.
- Ç C
- 5.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an irregular
- verb in the future perfect tense?
-
- A)ïI will have your supper.
- B)ïWill you have eaten the chicken by noon?
- C)ïThe horse will have roamed the field for hours.
- D)ïå
- ü
- #êïAlthough both╖ will have roamed ╗and ╢╢will have eaten ╗are
- #each in the future perfect tense, ╢eaten ╗is the past participle of the
- #irregular verb ╢eat, ╗whereas ╖roamed ╗is the past participle of the
- #regular verb ╖roam.ï╗In the remaining sentence, ╖will have ╗is simply
- a future tense construction.
- Ç B
- 6.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an irregular
- verb in the past perfect tense and a regular verb in the past perfect
- tense?
- A)ïAfter she had visited Pat, she wondered if she had done enough.
- B)ïWhen I had stumbled into the pool last year, I looked ridiculous.
- C)ïAs soon as you had signed the contract, your fingernails grew again.
- D)ïå
- #üèThe verbs ╢had visited╗ and ╢had done ╗are in the past perfect
- #tense.ï╢Visited ╗is the past participle of the regular verb ╢visit;
- #╢done ╗is the past participle ofthe irregular verb ╢do.ï╗Another sen-
- #tence has only one past perfect verb form, ╖had stumbled (looked ╗is a
- past tense form).ïThe remaining sentence has only one past perfect verb
- #form,╖ had signed (grew ╗is a past tense form).
- Ç A
- 7.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a verb in the
- past perfect tense and a verb in the future perfect tense?
- A)ïWill you have deepened the hole by the time the bulldozer returns?
- B)ïWill Tommy have raised his leg when the month is over?
- C)ïI am sure that in two weeks Charles will have said that he had
- è organized the group.
- D)ïå
- #üè╢Will have said ╗is a future perfect tense form, and in the
- #same sentence,╢ had organized ╗is a past perfect tense form.ï╢Said ╗is
- #the past participle of the irregular verb ╢say. Organized ╗is the past
- #participle of the regular verb ╢organize.ï╗The other two sentences both
- #contain verbs in the future perfect tense, ╖will have raised ╗and ╖will
- #╖have deepened, ╗but contain no verbs in the past perfect tense, just
- #the two present tense verbs ╖is ╗and ╖returns.
- Ç C
- 8.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a verb in the
- present perfect tense and a verb in the future perfect tense?
- A)ïBy the time you have flown to San Diego, I will have composed over
- è five songs.
- B)ïIn a few weeks they will have offered the homeowner a deposit.
- C)ïWill he have ridden into the canyon?
- D)ïå
- #üè╢Have flown ╗is the present perfect tense form, and ╢will have
- #╢╢composed ╗is a future perfect tense form.ï╢Flown ╗is the past par-
- #ticiple of the irregular verb ╢fly; composed ╗is the past participle of
- #the regular verb ╢compose.ï╗Both of the other sentences also contain
- #verbs in the future perfect tense, ╖will have offered ╗and ╖will have
- #╖ridden, ╗but they do not contain a verb in the present perfect tense.
- Ç A
-
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