Power GUI Programming with VisualAge C++/powergui.iso/trialva/ibmcppw/help/cppwsl35.hlp

OS/2 Help File | 1996-02-23 | 25.6 KB | 707 lines

ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. Special Notices ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

References in this help to IBM products, programs, or services do not imply
that IBM intends to make these available in all countries in which IBM
operates.

Any reference to an IBM licensed program in this help is not intended to state
or imply that only IBM's licensed program may be used. Any functionally
equivalent product, program, or service that does not infringe any of IBM's
intellectual property rights may be used instead of the IBM product, program,
or service.

Evaluation and verification of operation in conjunction with other products,
except those expressly designated by IBM, is the user's responsibility.

IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in
this help. The furnishing of this help does not give you any license to these
patents.

The following terms are trademarks of the IBM corporation in the United States
and/or other countries:

IBM
VisualAge

Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Other company, product, and service names, which may be denoted by a double
asterisk (**), may be trademarks of others.

This publication contains examples of data and reports used in daily business
operations. To illustrate them as completely as possible, the examples include
the names of individuals, companies, brands, and products. All of these names
are fictitious and any similarity to the names and addresses used by an actual
business enterprise is entirely coincidental.

Licensees of this program who wish to have information about it for the purpose
of enabling: (i) the exchange of information between independent created
programs and other programs (including this one) and (ii) the mutual use of the
information which has been exchanged, should contact IBM Canada Ltd.,
Department 071, 1150 Eglinton Ave E., North York, ONT Canada M3C 1H7. Such
information may be available, subject to appropriate terms and conditions,
including in some cases, payment of a fee.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. VisualAge for C++ Linker Options ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use this notebook to select the group of link options you want to change. The
options you specify are associated with the project you are currently working
on.

You can set any of 5 option categories:

  Generation
  Processing
  File names
  Definition
  Templates

 Some options have already been set to their default settings. You can change
 the default settings by clicking on them and selecting your preferred
 settings.

 See Command-line equivalents for a mapping between command-line options and
 options set in WorkFrame.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. Command-line equivalents ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This table lists linker options in their positive forms only (for example,
/DEBUG appears, but /NODEBUG does not). In most cases, a single checkbox in the
WorkFrame notebook sets either the positive or negative form of the option (for
example, select the checkbox Don't display the logo to set the option /NOLOGO,
and deselect the checkbox to set /LOGO).

OPTION                  NOTEBOOK TAB    PAGE    CONTROL DESCRIPTION

/ALIGNADDR              Generation      2       Address alignment
/ALIGNFILE              Generation      3       File alignment
/BASE                   Generation      1       Module load address
/BROWSE                 Generation      1       Include browse information
/CODE                   Definition      1       Code attributes
/DATA                   Definition      1       Data attributes
/DBGPACK                Generation      1       Pack debug information
/DEBUG                  Generation      1       Include debug information
/DEFAULTLIBRARYSEARCH   File Names      1       Default library searching
/DLL                    Definition      3       Dynamic link library
/EXECUTABLE             Definition      3       Executable
/EXTDICTIONARY          Processing      1       Search the extended dictionary
/HEAP                   Generation      1       Heap size
/IGNORECASE             Processing      1       Ignore case
/INCLUDE                Processing      1       Force a reference to symbol
/INFORMATION            Processing      1       Display link-time information
/LINENUMBERS            Processing      1       Generate map file with line numbers
/LOGO                   Processing      1       Display the logo
/MAP                    File names      1       Map file name
/MAP                    Processing      1       Generate a map file
/OPTFUNC                Generation      2       Remove unreferenced functions
/OUT                    File names      1       Generated target file name
/PMTYPE                 Generation      1       Application type
/SECTION                Definition      2       Memory protection
/SEGMENTS               Generation      2       Maximum number of segments
/STACK                  Generation      1       Stack size
/STUB                   Definition      1       User-chosen DOS stub
/SUBSYSTEM              Generation      2       Subsystem
/VERSION                Definition      1       User-chosen version number


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. Generation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use the Generation pages to control the format and content of the executable
file produced by the linker:

  Include debug information (/DE[BUG])

  Pack debug information (/DB[GPACK])

  Include browse information (/BR[OWSE])

  Stack size ( /ST[ACK]:number [,number])

  Heap size ( /HEA[P]:number [,number])

  Application type (/PM[TYPE]:parameter)

  Module load address (/BAS[E]:number|filename, key)

  Subsystem (/SU[BSYSTEM]:subsystem[,number[.number]])

  Maximum number of segments (/SE[GMENTS]:number)

  Segment alignment (/ALIGN[ADDR]:number)

  File alignment (/A[LIGNFILE]:number)

  Remove unreferenced functions (/OPTF[UNC]).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.1. Include debug information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are going to debug your application, select this option to copy the
debug information from the objects into the module.

The corresponding command line option is /DE[BUG].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.2. Pack debug information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are going to debug your application, select this option to pack the
debug information by eliminating redundant debug type information that occurs
in multiple object modules.

The corresponding command line option is /DB[GPACK].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3. Include browse information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are going to browse your application, select this option to generate
browse information for the object modules and libraries you are linking.

The corresponding command line option is /BR[OWSE].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4. Stack size ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Set the stack size (in bytes) of your program by entering it in the limit
field.  The size must be an even number between 0 and 1048576.  If an odd
number is specified, the stack size will be rounded to the next even number.

In the optional initial field, enter the amount of physical memory that will be
intially allocated.  The default is 4096 bytes.

If the value entered in the initial field is less than the value entered in the
limit field, memory demands will likely be reduced, but execution time may be
slower.

The corresponding command line option is  /ST[ACK]:number [,number].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5. Heap size ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Set the heap size (in bytes) of your program by entering it in the limit field.
This defines the total virtual address space reserved.

In the optional initial field, define the amount of physical memory to
initially allocate to the heap.

If the value entered in the initial field is less than the value entered in the
limit field, memory demands will likely be reduced, but execution time may be
slower.

The corresponding command line option is /HEA[P]:number [,number].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6. Application type ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select one of these radio buttons to specify the type of program to be built by
the linker.

Select None if you do not want the linker to set the type of program. The
program itself will determine what kind of program it is. By default, the
VisualAge for C++ linker creates a program that runs in a text window (see
Window below).

Select the PM radio button to specify to the linker that the file to be built
must be run in a window. The corresponding command line option is /PM[TYPE]:PM.

Select Window to specify to the linker that the program can run in a window or
in a full screen. The corresponding command line option is /PM[TYPE]:VIO.

Select Full screen to specify to the linker that the program can only run in
full screen mode. The corresponding command line option is /PM[TYPE]:NOVIO.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.7. Module load address ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Specify the preferred load address for the first load segment of a .DLL file.

Defining the load address can be done in two ways.  Select the address radio
button to set the base address of the memory image in the virtual address
space.  Alternatively, select the Text file radio button to set the base
addresses of a set of DLLs so that they do not overlap in memory. In the Text
file field, enter the name of a text file that defines the memory map for a set
of files.  In the Key field, specify the key that references the line of the
text file that contains the desired load address.

Select the Allow loading at other address check box to specify that another
load address can be used.

The corresponding command line option is /BAS[E]:number|filename, key.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.8. Subsystem ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Specify the subsystem and version required to run the program. In the Subsystem
field, enter one of the following:

 WINDOWS
           A graphical application that uses the Graphical Device Interface
           (GDI) API.
 CONSOLE
           A character-mode application that uses the Console API.

 Specify the minimum required version of the subsystem in the major and minor
 fields.  Valid major and minor values range from 0 to 65535.

 The corresponding command line option is
 /SU[BSYSTEM]:subsystem[,number[.number]].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.9. Maximum number of sections ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Specify the maximum number of sections that is to be allowed in the module. The
number must be in the range from 1 to 16375. You can use any of the following
formats:

  Hexadecimal (prefixed by 0x as in 0x2D7)

  Octal (prefixed by zero as in 027)

  Decimal (cannot start with zero as in 27).

 The default is 256.

 The corresponding command line option is /SE[GMENTS]:number.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.10. Segment alignment ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Specify the address alignment factor (in bytes) for segments in the executable
file. The default value is 65535.

The corresponding command line option is /ALIGN[ADDR]:number.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.11. File alignment ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In the File alignment field, enter the file alignment for segments.

The alignment factor determines where segments in the .EXE or .DLL file start.
From the beginning of the file, the start of each segment is aligned at a
multiple (in bytes) of the alignment factor.  The alignment factor must be a
power of two and can range from 512 to 65535.

The corresponding command line option is /A[LIGNFILE]:number.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.12. Remove unreferenced functions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to remove functions that are unreachable. The linker removes
functions that are:

  Not referenced in any input file
  Rendered unreferenced by the removal of other functions
  Not exported for use in other files

 The corresponding command line option is /OPTF[UNC].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. Processing ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The options that appear on this page specify to the linker how to build the
executable file.

They are:

  Don't display the logo (/NOL[OGO])

  Display link-time information (/INF[ORMATION])

  Generate a map file (/MAP)

  Generate map file with line numbers ( /LINENUMBERS)

  Search extended dictionaries (/E[XTDICTIONARY])

  Force a reference to symbol (/INC[LUDE])


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1. Don't display the logo ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Choose whether or not to display the name, version, and copyright information
of the linker.

The corresponding command line option is (/NOL[OGO]).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2. Display link-time information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to display messages as it creates the executable file.

The corresponding command line option is /INF[ORMATION].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.3. Search extended dictionaries ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to use the extended dictionary information (if it exists)
found.

The corresponding command line option is /E[XTDICTIONARY].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.4. Generate a map file ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use the Generate a map file option to generate a map file. Select Generate a
map file with line numbers to include line numbers from the source files in the
map file.

You can specify a name for the map file on the File page of the notebook.

The corresponding command line option is /M[AP].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.5. Generate a map file with line numbers ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use the Generate a map file with line numbers option to generate a map file
that includes the line numbers from source files in the output. The object
files being linked must contain line number information for this option to take
effect.

You can specify a name for the map file on the File page of the notebook.

The corresponding command line option is /L[INENUMBERS].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.6. Force a reference to symbol ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the Force a reference to symbol check box to specify that the linker
search for an object module that defines the symbol that you entered in the
associated field.

The corresponding command line option is /INC[LUDE]:symbol.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. File names ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This page lets you specify the names of the following files:

 Generated target file name
           The name of the module file.

 Map (.map) file name
           The name of the map file.

 If you select the Default library searching check box, the linker will search
 the default libraries specified in object files when resolving references.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.1. Generated target file name ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Enter the name of the module file to be produced.

By default, the entry field contains the %o substitution variable. This
variable is substituted with the Name specified on the Target page of the
project's Settings note book.

The corresponding linker command line option is /OUTfilename.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2. Map (.map) file name ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Enter the name of the map file to be produced. You must first specify that you
want a map file, by selecting either the Generate a map file or Generate a map
file with line numbers check box on the Processing page. If no extension is
specified, the linker assumes the extension is .MAP.

The corresponding linker command line option is /MAPfilename.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3. Default library searching ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the Default library searching check box to specify that the linker
search the default libraries specified in object files when resolving
references.

If you select this check box and specify a library name in the Add libraries
field, the linker will add the library name to the list of default libraries.
By default, the linker searches the default libraries.

If you do not select this check box and specify a library name in the Libraries
to be excluded field, the linker will ignore that default library, but will
search the rest of the default libraries and any others that may be defined in
the object files.  If you do specify a library, you must explicitly identify
the libraries you want to use, including VisualAge for C++ runtime libraries.

The corresponding linker command line option is
/DEF[AULTLIBRARYSEARCH][library].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7. Definition ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

On this page, you can define the following set of attributes and options:

  Code attributes
  Data attributes
  User-chosen DOS stub
  User-chosen version number
  Memory Protection
  Run-file


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.1. Code attributes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the Code attributes check box in order to specify the default attributes
for all code sections.  The attributes are READ (R), WRITE (W), SHARED (S) and
EXECUTE (X).

The default attributes are READ (R) and EXECUTE (X).

The corresponding command line option is /CODE:attributes.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.2. Data attributes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the Data attributes check box in order to specify the default attributes
for all data sections.  The attributes are READ (R), WRITE (W), SHARED (S) and
EXECUTE (X).

The default attributes are READ (R) and WRITE (W).

The corresponding command line option is /DATA:attributes.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.3. User-chosen DOS stub ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the User-chosen DOS stub check box to specify the name of the DOS
executable to be placed at the beginning of the output file created.

By default, the linker defines its own stub.

The corresponding command line option is /STU[B]:filename.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.4. User-chosen version number ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use the major and minor fields to write a version number in the header of the
run file.  Valid major and minor values range from 0 to 65535.

The corresponding command line option is /VER[SION]:number[.number].


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.5. Memory Protection ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use this page to specify memory-protection attributes for segment names.

Enter a segment name in the Segment name field.  Note that segment names are
case sensitive.

For each segment name, specify one or more attributes.  The attributes are READ
(R), WRITE (W), SHARED (S) and EXECUTE (X).  Use the Add or Delete push buttons
to include or remove segments and their associated attributes.

The corresponding command line option is /SEC[TION]:name,attributes.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6. Run-file ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the Executable radio button to identify the run-file as an executable
program (.EXE file).  Alternatively, select the Dynamic link library radio
button to identify the run-file as a dynamic link library (.DLL file).

The corresponding command line option for Executable is /EXEC[UTABLE].

The corresponding command line option for Dynamic link library is /DLL.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8. Templates ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use this page to provide information about template use in your files. Use the
C++ template support controls to indicate whether your code uses templates (and
were compiled with the Produce file - Templates compiler option), and what
compiler action the object files were compiled with.

Note:   If you are linking in old object files, created by previous versions of
the compiler, that use template files, use the procedure given in Old object
files when you compile and link.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1. C++ template support ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the Templates used checkbox to indicate that your code uses templates,
and was compiled with the Produce file - Templates compiler option (equivalent
to the /Ft command-line option).

In the Associate Compiler Action pulldown, select the compiler action you used
when compiling the source files. When you link the object files, the template
files are compiled with this action, and then linked with the object files.

Notes:

  By default, there is only one compiler action available in the pulldown.
   However, if you have defined more than one compiler action, be sure that the
   compiler action you specify in the pulldown is the same as the compiler
   action you used during the compile step.
  If you are linking in old object files, created by previous versions of the
   compiler, you need to use the procedure given in Old object files when you
   compile and link.

 The Templates used option only applies to projects containing C++ code that
 uses templates. If you specified C as the Source file language in the compiler
 options dialog, this option has no effect.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2. Old object files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are linking object files created by previous versions of the compiler,
you will need to:

  1. Set the compiler to invoke the linker (in the Compiler Options notebook,
     on the Processing step page, select Compile and link)
  2. Set the /Gk command-line option (in the Compiler Options notebook, on the
     User page, enter /Gk in the entry field)
  3. Pass linker options to the linker, rather than setting them in the Linker
     Options notebook (in the Compiler Options notebook, on the Other page,
     enter linker options using command-line syntax in the Parameters passed to
     linker field).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> OK ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select OK to save the options you chose and close the note book.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Reset/Reset page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select Reset to set options to the values they had when the note book was
opened.

If the Reset page pushbutton is selected, only the options on that page are
reset.

If the Reset pushbutton on the bottom of the note book window is selected, all
options in the note book are reset.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Default/Default page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select Default to set options to their default values.

If Default pushbutton at the bottom of the note book window is selected, all
options are set to their default values.

If the Default pushbutton on the page is selected, only the options on that
page are set to the default values.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Cancel ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select Cancel to remove the note book without making any changes.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Keys Help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The list of keys is arranged in groups.

Use:

  HELP KEYS to get help

  SYSTEM KEYS to switch between programs

  WINDOW KEYS to move around in a program window

  POP-UP WINDOW KEYS to make a selection in a pop-up window

  EDITING KEYS to make changes in a pop-up window.

 When two key names are joined by a plus sign (+), use these two keys together.
 Hold down the first key and press the second key.

 HELP KEYS

 F1
           Get help
 F2
           Get extended help (from within any help window)
 F9
           Go to a list of keys (from within any help window)
 F11 or Shift+F1
           Go to the help index (from within any help window)
 Esc
           Cancel help
 Alt+F4
           Close the help window
 Shift+F10
           Get help for help

 SYSTEM KEYS

 Alt+Esc
           Switch to the next program, including full-screen programs
 Alt+Tab
           Switch to the next windowed program
 Ctrl+Esc
           Switch to the Task List

 WINDOW KEYS

 F10
           Go to/from the action bar
 Arrow keys
           Move among choices
 End
           Go to the last choice in a pulldown
 Esc
           Cancel a pulldown, the system menu, or window
 Home
           Go to the first choice in a pulldown
 PgUp
           Scroll the contents of the window up one page
 PgDn
           Scroll the contents of the window down one page
 Underlined letter
           Move among the choices on the action bar and select pulldown items
 Alt
           Go to/from the action bar
 Alt+F4
           Close the window
 Alt+F5
           Restore the window
 Alt+F7
           Move the window
 Alt+F8
           Size the window
 Alt+F9
           Minimize the window
 Alt+F10
           Maximize the window
 Ctrl+PgDn
           Scroll the contents of the window right one page
 Ctrl+PgUp
           Scroll the contents of the window left one page
 Shift+Esc or Alt+Spacebar
           Go to/from the system menu
 Shift+Esc or Alt
           Go to/from the system menu of a text window

 POP-UP WINDOW KEYS

 Enter
           Complete the pop-up window
 Esc
           Cancel the pop-up window
 Spacebar
           Set a check box on/off or perform the task described on the selected
           pushbutton
 Tab
           Move to the next entry field or check box

 EDITING KEYS

 Backspace (left arrow delete)
           Delete the character to the left of the cursor
 Del
           Delete the character at the cursor
 End or Ctrl+Right Arrow key
           Move to the end of a field
 Home or Ctrl+Left Arrow key
           Move to the beginning of a field.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Intermediate Linking ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use DDE4ICC2.DLL to do intermediate linking. See the help for Invoke
intermediate code linker on the Object page of the note book used to set the
compiler options.