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- THE HISTORY OF DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
- --------------------------------------
- Dvorak keyboard layouts are based on designs created by August Dvorak, a
- professor at the University of Washington during the 1930s and 1940s. Dr.
- Dvorak studied the way people type standard English, and determined the
- most common letter combinations. He then designed new keyboard layouts to
- maximise efficiency (by placing common letters on the home row), reduce
- fatigue, and make the stronger fingers of the hands do most of the work.
- These layouts, now called Dvorak or simplified keyboards, were initially
- developed for two-handed typists. Following World War II, Dvorak layouts
- were developed for typists who use the right or left hand alone.
-
- SOME FUNNY AND SAD FACT OF QWERTY KEYBOARD
- ------------------------------------------
- It is well known that the QWERTY keyboard was designed by Christopher
- Sholes to slow typists down, to prevent them from jamming the keys in old
- manual typewriters.
-
- It is surprised that part of the QWERTY layout was driven by the decision
- to place all of the letters in the word "typewriter" on the top row so that
- salesmen wouldn't have to hunt and peck.
-
- INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR MS-DOS OR MS-WINDOWS
- ------------------------------------------------------------
- The MS-DOS Supplemental Disk provides the DVORAK.SYS file. This
- file supports the Dvorak keyboard layouts for two-handed and
- single-handed typists who use MS-DOS 6.
-
- To install a United States (US) Dvorak keyboard layout for MS-DOS:
-
- 1. Run the Setup program included with the Supplemental disk files.
- For example, if your Supplemental disk files are on a floppy
- disk for drive A, insert the disk in drive A, and change to
- that drive by typing the following at the command prompt:
-
- A:
-
- To run the Setup program, you need to specify the drive and directory
- to which you want to install the files. For example, if you want to
- install the files on drive C in a directory called SUPP, type
- the following at the command prompt:
-
- SETUP C:\SUPP
-
- Follow the instructions on your screen.
-
- 2. Copy the DVORAK.SYS file to the directory that contains your
- MS-DOS files. For example, if the file is in C:\SUPP and your
- MS-DOS files are contained in C:\DOS, type the following at
- the command prompt:
-
- COPY C:\SUPP\DVORAK.SYS C:\DOS\DVORAK.SYS
-
- 3. To begin using one of the new keyboard layouts, type the
- appropriate command (as shown in the table below) at the MS-DOS
- command prompt and press ENTER.
-
- Keyboard Layout Command
- ---------------------------------------------------------
- Two-handed Dvorak KEYB DV,,C:\DOS\DVORAK.SYS
-
- Right-handed Dvorak KEYB RH,,C:\DOS\DVORAK.SYS
-
- Left-handed Dvorak KEYB LH,,C:\DOS\DVORAK.SYS
-
- To load one of these keyboard layouts automatically when your computer starts,
- include the appropriate KEYB command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. The KEYB
- command should be placed after a PATH command that includes your MS-DOS
- directory. If your AUTOEXEC.BAT file includes the win or dosshell command,
- make sure the KEYB command comes before the WIN or DOSSHELL command.
-
- Once you have loaded one of the Dvorak layouts, you can easily switch between
- the Dvorak layout and the U.S. standard layout.
-
- * To switch back to the U.S. standard layout, press CTRL+ALT+F1.
-
- * To switch to the Dvorak layout, press CTRL+ALT+F2.
-
- * To disable the United States (U.S.) Dvorak keyboard layout
- for MS-DOS
-
- * To disable the United States (U.S.) Dvorak keyboard layout
- for MS-DOS, delete the line with the KEYB command from your
- AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
-
- If you are using Windows 3.1, the Dvorak layout is a part of the operating
- system.
-
- To activate the Dvorak layout in Windows, follow these steps:
-
- 1. Go to the Control Panel
- 2. Select "International"
- 3. Select "Country = US"
- 4. Select "Language = English (American)"
- 5. Select "Keyboard = US Dvorak"
-
- The first time you do this, you may be asked to insert an installation
- disk. This is one of the disks that came with Windows (or with your computer,
- if Windows was preinstalled).
-
-
- TURNING TO USE THE DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
- -------------------------------------------
- Essentially, the Dvorak keyboard is a style of typing. Actually, you don't
- really have to buy an actual Dvorak keyboard. You are going to type in the
- Dvorak typing style, the most efficient typing style.
-
- Dr Dylan James recommended against labelling your keys,
- but rather to print out the layout and keep the piece of paper next to you as
- you type. This is what a Dvorak typing teachers wanted you to do in the first
- place (if you join a class) and it really works. This is a very effective way
- to help you resist the temptation to look at the keyboard.
-
- Before you decide to turn to Dvorak keyboard, there are some realistic things
- you have to think about, and then sort them out.
-
- If you are a secretary, or a professional typist using computer, you or your
- colleague may have to spend several minutes to install a Dvorak drive program,
- since by default, most computer system present as a QWERTY system. No matter
- how a little trouble in the very beginning, just think about the benefits that
- will come several weeks later, more efficiency, more money, less tiredness, less
- typing injury, more joy. My advice to anyone considering switching is to
- choose a non-stressful week or two in which maximum typing speed isn't
- required. This will keep you from temporarily switching back when you get
- frustrated, which would wreak havoc with your learning.
-
- If you are a boss and want your staff work more efficiently, you are the right
- person to encourage them to turn to the Dvorak keyboard. Maybe they are very
- busy at the moment, learning to type Dvorak may consume many hours, so, you
- may choose a non-stressful week to start to promote the Dvorak.
-
- If you are a student, and just can use network computer in the school, it may
- be hard for you to install a Dvorak program to the computer system. You may
- have to ask the administrator of the network to install it. If you can ask
- some comrades, it may be much easier.
-
- If you are a person who have to always go around various computer system and
- type a lot, it may be a big trouble for you to ask various managers to install
- Dvorak drive program, forge the Dvorak as I did.
-
- If you always stick on the same platform, say, you are a home computer user,
- the Dvorak will be your best choice to save typing time, then you can play
- more games, play more with your family members.
-
- --------------------------------------
- Here, I thank Mr Dan Wood who provided an excellent course in Dvorak.
-
-
- Zijian Huang
-
- 30 January 1996
-