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- TAIL(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES TAIL(1L)
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- NAME
- tail - output the last part of files
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- SYNOPSIS
- tail [-c [+]N[bkm]] [-n [+]N] [-fqv] [--bytes=[+]N[bkm]]
- [--lines=[+]N] [--follow] [--quiet] [--silent] [--verbose]
- [file...]
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- tail [{-,+}Nbcfklmqv] [file...]
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- DESCRIPTION
- This manual page documents the GNU version of tail. tail
- prints the last part (10 lines by default) of each given
- file; it reads from standard input if no files are given or
- when a filename of `-' is encountered. If more than one
- file is given, it prints a header consisting of the file's
- name enclosed in `==>' and `<==' before the output for each
- file.
-
- The GNU tail can output any amount of data, unlike the Unix
- version, which uses a fixed size buffer. It has no -_r
- option (print in reverse). Reversing a file is really a
- different job from printing the end of a file; the BSD tail
- can only reverse files that are at most as large as its
- buffer, which is typically 32k. A reliable and more versa-
- tile way to reverse files is the GNU tac command.
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- OPTIONS
- tail accepts two option formats: the new one, in which
- numbers are arguments to the option letters, and the old
- one, in which a `+' or `-' and optional number precede any
- option letters.
-
- If a number (`N') starts with a `+', tail begins printing
- with the Nth item from the start of each file, instead of
- from the end.
-
- -_c _N, --_b_y_t_e_s _N
- Tail by N bytes. N is a nonzero integer, optionally
- followed by one of the following characters to specify
- a different unit.
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- b 512-byte blocks.
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- k 1-kilobyte blocks.
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- m 1-megabyte blocks.
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- -_f, --_f_o_l_l_o_w
- Loop forever trying to read more characters at the end
- of the file, on the assumption that the file is grow-
- ing. Ignored if reading from a pipe. Cannot be used
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- TAIL(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES TAIL(1L)
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- if more than one file is given.
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- -_l, -_n _N, --_l_i_n_e_s _N
- Tail by N lines.
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- -_q, --_q_u_i_e_t, --_s_i_l_e_n_t
- Never print filename headers.
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- -_v, --_v_e_r_b_o_s_e
- Always print filename headers.
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- The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well as
- `--', for compatibility with previous releases. Eventually
- support for `+' will be removed, because it is incompatible
- with the POSIX.2 standard.
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