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- OD(1L) OD(1L)
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- NAME
- od - dump files in octal and other formats
-
- SYNOPSIS
- od [-abcCdfhiloxv] [-s[bytes]] [-w[bytes]] [-A radix] [-j
- bytes] [-N bytes] [-t type] [--skip-bytes=bytes]
- [--address-radix=radix] [--read-bytes=bytes] [--for-
- mat=type] [--output-duplicates] [--strings[=bytes]]
- [--width[=bytes]] [--compatible] [--help] [--version]
- [file...]
-
- DESCRIPTION
- This manual page documents the GNU version of od. od
- writes to the standard output the contents of the given
- files, or of the standard input if the name `-' is given.
- Each line of the output consists of the offset in the
- input file in the leftmost column of each line, followed
- by one or more columns of data from the file, in a format
- controlled by the options. By default, od prints the file
- offsets in octal and the file data as two-byte octal num-
- bers.
-
-
- OPTIONS
- -A, --address-radix=radix
- Select the base in which file offsets are printed.
- radix can be one of the following:
-
- d decimal
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- o octal
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- x hexadecimal
-
- n none (do not print offsets)
-
- The default is octal.
-
- -j, --skip-bytes=bytes
- Skip bytes input bytes before formatting and writ-
- ing. If bytes begins with `0x' or `0X', it is
- interpreted in hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins
- with `0', in octal; otherwise, in decimal. Append-
- ing `b' multiplies it by 512, `k' by 1024, and `m'
- by 1048576.
-
- -N, --read-bytes=bytes
- Only output up to bytes bytes of each input file.
- Any prefixes and suffixes on bytes are interpreted
- as for the -j option.
-
- -t, --format=type
- Select the format in which to output the file data.
- type is a string of one or more of the below type
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- indicator characters. If you include more than one
- type indicator character in a single type string or
- use this option more than once, od writes one copy
- of each output line using each of the data types
- that you specified, in the order that you speci-
- fied.
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- a named character
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- c ASCII character or backslash escape
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- d signed decimal
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- f floating point
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- o octal
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- u unsigned decimal
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- x hexadecimal
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- Except for types `a' and `c', you can specify the number
- of bytes to use in interpreting each number in the given
- data type by following the type indicator character with a
- decimal integer. Alternately, you can specify the size of
- one of the C compiler's built-in data types by following
- the type indicator character with one of the following
- characters. For integers (d, o, u, x):
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- C char
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- S short
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- I int
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- L long
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- For floating point (f):
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- F float
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- D double
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- L long double
-
- -v, --output-duplicates
- Output consecutive lines that are identical. By
- default, when two or more consecutive output lines
- would be equal, od outputs only the first line, and
- puts just an asterisk on the following line to
- indicate that identical lines have been elided.
-
- -s, --strings[=bytes]
- Instead of the normal output, output only string
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- constants in the input, which are a run of at least
- bytes ASCII graphic (or formatting) characters,
- terminated by a NUL. If bytes is omitted, it
- defaults to 3.
-
- -w, --width[=bytes]
- The number of input bytes to format per output
- line. It must be a multiple of the least common
- multiple of the sizes associated with the specified
- output types. If bytes is omitted, it defaults to
- 32. If this option is not given, it defaults to
- 16.
-
- --help Print a usage message and exit with a non-zero sta-
- tus.
-
- --version
- Print version information on standard error then
- exit.
-
- The next several options map the old, pre-POSIX format
- specification options to the corresponding POSIX format
- specs. GNU od accepts any combination of old- and new-
- style options. Format specification options accumulate.
-
- -a Output as named characters. Equivalent to -t a.
-
- -b Output as octal bytes. Equivalent to -t oC.
-
- -c Output as ASCII characters or backslash escapes.
- Equivalent to -t c.
-
- -d Output as unsigned decimal shorts. Equivalent to
- -t u2.
-
- -f Output as floats. Equivalent to -t fF.
-
- -h Output as hexadecimal shorts. Equivalent to -t x2.
-
- -i Output as decimal shorts. Equivalent to -t d2.
-
- -l Output as decimal longs. Equivalent to -t d4.
-
- -o Output as octal shorts. Equivalent to -t o2.
-
- -x Output as hexadecimal shorts. Equivalent to -t x2.
-
- -C, --compatible
- Recognize the pre-POSIX non-option arguments that
- some older versions of od accepted. The following
- syntax
- od -C [file] [[+]offset[.][b] [[+]label[.][b]]]
- can be used to specify at most one file and
- optional arguments specifying an offset and a
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- pseudo-start address, label. By default, offset is
- interpreted as an octal number specifying how many
- input bytes to skip before formatting and writing.
- The optional trailing decimal point forces the
- interpretation of offset as a decimal number. If
- no decimal is specified and the offset begins with
- `0x' or `0x' it is interpreted as a hexadecimal
- number. If there is a trailing `b', the number of
- bytes skipped will be offset multiplied by 512.
- The label argument is interpreted just like offset,
- but it specifies an initial pseudo-address. The
- pseudo addresses are displayed in parentheses fol-
- lowing any normal address.
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