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- FILE SYSTEMS, HPFS and FAT
- -------------------------
-
- The following is an excerpt from A Techincal Guide to OS/2 2.0, written by
- Martin McElroy, IBM United Kingdom.
-
- OS/2 offers superior file system support, which leads to increased
- performance. The OS/2 architecture also allows other file systems to be
- installed in a modular fashion (Installable File Ssytem or IFS). It is
- therefore more flexible in design to accomodate future enhancements; for
- example, OS/2 now includes CD-ROM support via an IFS.
-
- OS/2 also provides support for very large disks, a consideration that is
- particularly relevant to server environments. OS/2 supports hard drives up
- to 2 GB in size. In Windows 3.1 the limit is only 1 GB.
-
- In addtion, OS/2 2.0 provides file I/O services no only to OS/2 applications
- but to DOS and Windows applications, running in VDMs. Therefore, DOS and
- Windows applications can take advantage of advanced function, without having
- to be modified, since the DOS emulation of MVDM provides a compatible
- interface to the file system for DOS applications.
-
- Both major OS/2 file systems have been improved under OS/2 2.0, allowing
- better performance not only for applications themselves, but also in paging
- performed by system when using virtual memory.
-
- HIGH PERFORMANCE FILE SYSTEM (HPFS)
- -----------------------------------
- The following is an excerpt from A Techincal Guide to OS/2 2.0, written by
- Martin McElroy, IBM United Kingdom.
-
- HPFS was first introduced to OS/2 version 1.2, and is an example of the kind
- of advanced function that has not yet been implemented in less sophisticated
- systems like DOS. It was introduced as an alternative to the File Allocation
- Table (FAT) system which came from DOS. HPFS is particularly good for
- managing large disks and partitions or large files. It provides fast and
- consistent performance, outperforming DOS-based FAT systems in nearly all
- cases (OS/2 2.0 implements an enhanced FAT system that uses some similar
- caching features as HPFS, which can also give high performance in many
- circumstances - see below).
-
- HPFS is particularly good in disk untilization (compared to FAT). It uses a
- highly contiguous file allocation system, which results in especially good
- performance (relative to FAT) in accessing files or data in a cluttered or
- full partition. It implements a B-Tree directory structure and search
- algorithm, as opposed to sequential under FAT. HPFS also allows for
- multi-threaded I/O, caching of directory pointers in memory for quicker
- access of last directories used, and read-ahead and lazy write (lazy write
- buffers up write requests from applications and commits them to disk after a
- given time or during disk inactivity.) These advanced features allow for
- substantial performance increases and greater tuning. In addtion, HPFS can
- provide write error recovery on the fly with 'hotfix' facilities.
-
- Since it is FAT-compatible at the API level, applications running under OS/2
- can use either system, and do not have to be written specifically for one or
- the other. It also presents a consistent interface to other components of
- OS/2 like MVDM, to allow DOS and Windows to use HPFS volumes as if they were
- FAT.
-
- HPFS also supports the use of long file names, for greater usability, so
- instead of having LJS1290.TXT you can have a file name 'Letter to John Smith
- September 90'. Obviously applications need to be coded with this in mind.
- DOS and Windows applications can use the 8.3 naming system on HPFS without
- any difficulty.
-
- HPFS has been enhanced in version 2.0 to add performance-related features
- such as command chaining (providing a list of contiguous sector requests
- required to fulfil an I/O request) and scatter/gather facilities such as are
- supported in Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) adapters to gather
- physically discontiguous pages in a data buffer, and perform I/O in a single
- operation.
-
- HIGH PERFORMANCE FILE SYSTEM CHANGES
- ------------------------------------
-
- The following is an excerpt from Chapter 6 of the IBM OS/2 Version 2.0
- Technical Redbooks, Volume 1: Control Program (Document Number
- GG24-3730-00), published by the IBM Corporation.
-
- The following changes have been made to the High Performance File System
- (HPFS) driver under OS/2 Version 2.0:
- - At initialization time, the level of support provided by the device
- driver is determined using the new device command 1DH -
- GetDeviceSupport.
- - The HPFS driver passes physical addresses for data pointers, in the
- appropriate request format, to the device driver.
- - The HPFS driver now supports command chaining, calling the volume
- manager with a list of all contiguous sector requests required to
- fulfill an I/O request.
-
- This function is supported for all DASD types.
-
- - The HPFS driver supports scatter/gather by passing physical pointers
- to each page in the data buffer (physically discontiguous) as part of
- the I/O request.
-
- This allows I/O controllers such as the IBM SCSI adapters which
- support the scatter/gather capability to perform the I/O in a single
- operation.
- - The HPFS driver now supports disk caching in the IFS driver, rather
- than in the device driver.
- - The HPFS driver is able to recognize devices which have outboard
- caches (non-system memory), and incorporate them into the total
- caching scheme.
-
- The HPFS file system under OS/2 Version 2.0 supports a maximum file
- size of 2GB. The maximum size for an HPFS volume is 512GB.
-
- ENHANCED FAT (aka SUPER FAT)
- ----------------------------
-
- The following is an excerpt from A Techincal Guide to OS/2 2.0, written by
- Martin McElroy, IBM United Kingdom.
-
- OS/2 2.0 includes an enhanced version of the FAT file system which is
- completely compatible with the FAT system under DOS. This gives greater
- performance but full compatability with existing FAT systems. It adds
- features like lazy write and improved caching to FAT. This means that DOS
- applications running with FAT fule system under OS/2 2.0 will be
- substantially faster for disk-based operations than under DOS. All of these
- benefits can be obtained without having to reformat your hard disk - the OS/2
- enhanced FAT driver works with existing DOS FAT volumes.
-
- FAT FILE SYSTEM CHANGES
- -----------------------
-
- The following is an excerpt from Chapter 6 of the IBM OS/2 Version 2.0
- Technical Redbooks, Volume 1: Control Program (Document Number
- GG24-3730-00), published by the IBM Corporation.
-
- Changes have also been made to the FAT file system driver under OS/2
- Version 2.0, in order to provide improved performance and enhanced support
- for disk hardware devices:
- - The FAT driver now supports command chaining
-
- The driver attempts to call the volume manager with a list of all
- contiguous sector requests required to fulfill an I/O request, thus
- allowing multiple page-in and page-out requests in a single logical
- operation.
- - The FAT driver provides faster allocation of free space on the logical
- drive, using a bitmap to track free clusters on the disk.
-
- Disk caching is now supported within the FAT driver, and has been removed
- from the device driver. A cache buffer is provided to support disk
- caching with the following features:
-
- - Lazy writing
- - Lazy reading on writes, that is, the ability to write to the cache and
- flush the cache to disk, but then to read the updated information from
- the cache rather than requiring a physical disk read operation
- - Asynchronous read-ahead through a multi-purpose asynchronous read
- thread
- - Large cache size (theoretical maximum of 64MB, although practical
- limitations will necessitate a smaller cache)
- - The ability to dynamically enable and disable the cache in response to
- a user command
- - Bad sectors are automatically bypassed on reads.
-
- There are a number of advantages in performing caching in the FAT driver
- rather than the device driver; more operating system kernel services are
- available at this level, and intelligent read-ahead operations can more
- easily be performed. Lazy writing is also more easily implemented at the
- file system level than at the device driver level.
-
- The FAT file system under OS/2 Version 2.0 supports a maximum file size of
- 2GB. The maximum supported size for a FAT volume is also 2GB.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Thank you for calling the OS/2 2.0 Support Line. Regarding the problem
- reported to the Support Line, we feel that this information may assist
- you in resolving your problem. If you still require assistance, please
- call 1-800-237-5511, and reference your customer number and problem (PMR)
- number. Your Problem Record Number (PMR) should appear on the cover
- page of this faxed document.