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Assembly Source File | 1984-04-29 | 21.7 KB | 916 lines

; ; COPYFAST October 1980 version ; ; Written by Chuck Weingart, after the ; public domain Tarbell disk copy program ; (does not require a Tarbell controller) ; ; This program will copy the data area of one CP/M disk to ; another (thats tracks 2 - 76), as fast as possible. All data ; written is read back to verify that the write was successful, ; and multiple tracks are copied in one pass, for speed. The ; version as supplied assumes that the controller CRC checking is ; sufficient for verification, but an assembly option allows ; complete byte-by-byte comparison on the read back. ; ; The program as supplied copies 12 tracks per pass, and must run ; in a 42K or greater version of CP/M. The number of track ; buffers, and hence the minimum size, can be changed to suit ; your system. If re-assembled, it can copy four tracks at a pass ; in a minimum (16K) system, and 18 tracks at a pass in a max- ; imum system (64K). Only CP/M standard CBIOS calls are ; used to access the disk. No BDOS calls are used, so the BDOS ; and CCP can be overlaid by the track buffers. No other CP/M ; functions are assumed. N* CP/M or UCSD Pascal users should be ; able to modify this program easily to run on their systems. ; ; COPYFAST will allow a disk to be copied on a one-drive system, ; as an assembly option. A version with 18 buffers (64K) will ; require only 5 complete swaps. ; ; To invoke, just type: COPYFAST The program will then request ; the source and destination disks, (drives A - F) and give you a ; chance to put in the correct disks in the drives before ; continuing (or quit by entering CTRL-C). When done, the program ; will ask if another pair of disks is to be copied, and the ; process repeated. ; ; COPYFAST runs on an 8080 or similar cpu, CP/M 1.3, 1.4 or 2.2, ; or Cromemco (any) disk operating systems as supplied, and does ; not use any particular type of controller or disk hardware, ; other than the "standard" 77 track, 26 sector-per-track disk. ; The latter two numbers can be easily changed in the source. ; ; The program currently assumes that the disk controller can read ; the disk in one revolution, but requires two revolutions to ; write. This means that an entire track can be written and ; checked in three revolutions. One alternate interleave table ; is included in the source if this is not possible with your ; hardware, and any sector interleave can be used by changing the ; table. An assembly option is available to allow interleaved ; reads, if your disk controller cannot keep up with the program. ; ; This source can be assembled with the CP/M ASM or MAC. ; ; This program has been run unaltered on a Micromation Doubler ; disk controller with Shugart drives, a Tarbell single density ; controller board, and a Cromemco 4FDC board (the latter two ; use a WD 1771 chip) with Persci drives, and the worst copy ; time was 122 seconds. Faster hardware means faster copies. ; ; The only bad feedback I have gotten about this program so ; far was a case where it didn't work on a CP/M 2.2 system ; using 256 byte sectors. This turned out to be faulty logic in ; the sample deblocking routine Digital Research is supplying! ; ORG 0100H ; ; ************** ; ; Equates ; FALSE EQU 0 TRUE EQU NOT FALSE DUMYAD EQU 0 EXITCP EQU 0 ; warm start return to CP/M CR EQU 13 LF EQU 10 CTRLC EQU 3 ; ; ************** ; SINGLE EQU FALSE ; TRUE for single-drive copy program RSKEW EQU FALSE ; TRUE if read interleaving needed DOCOMP EQU FALSE ; TRUE if byte-by-byte comparison ; ; desired on read-after-write check NUMERR EQU 10 ; number of error retries done ; ; ************** ; BUFFNU EQU 12-(DOCOMP AND 1) ; the number of full track buffers ; that will fit in your system. With the current specification ; of 26 sectors per track, the program will require at least ; 39K for buffers alone, an so should run in a 42K system minimum. ; (12 * 128 * 26 = 39936. plus 3K for CBIOS and program) FIRSTRK EQU 2 ; the first track copied ; ; Note: UCSD Pascal users should ; ; begin copying at track 1 LASTRK EQU 77 ; the last track copied plus one SDLAST EQU 26 ; the number of 128 byte sectors per track ; ; ************** ; A set of dummy branch points to the CBIOS that are ; filled in by the VECTOR routine. ; START: JMP VECTOR ; go initialize the branches WBOOT: JMP DUMYAD ; not used CONST: JMP DUMYAD ; not used CONIN: JMP DUMYAD CONOUT: JMP DUMYAD LIST: JMP DUMYAD ; not used PUNCH: JMP DUMYAD ; not used READER: JMP DUMYAD ; not used HOME: JMP DUMYAD SELDIS: JMP DUMYAD SETTRK: JMP DUMYAD SETSCT: JMP DUMYAD SETDMA: JMP DUMYAD READ: JMP DUMYAD WRITE: JMP DUMYAD ; ; ************** ; initialize and put in copy limits ; BUFMSR: LXI SP,STKTOP MVI L,FIRSTRK ; first track copied MVI H,LASTRK ; last track + 1 copied SHLD TRKSRT ; ; ************** ; this is the point where the program returns to repeat ; the copy. Everything is re-initialized. ; REPEAT: LXI SP,STKTOP ; re-initialize stack LXI D,INIT CALL PRINT ; start prompt sequence here LXI D,SOURCE CALL PRINT ; ask for source drive SRCELU: CALL CONIN ; read response (upper case) CPI CTRLC JZ EXITCP ; CTRL-C means abort ANI 5FH CPI 'A' ;41H JC SRCELU ; bad value - less than A CPI 'F' ;46H JZ SETSOU JC SETSOU JMP SRCELU ; bad value - greater than F SETSOU: STA SRCEME ; save the source drive IF SINGLE STA OBJMES ENDIF SUI 'A' ;41H STA SRCEDR ; convert value to CP/M number IF NOT SINGLE LXI D,CRLF CALL PRINT LXI D,OBJECT ; prompt for destination disk CALL PRINT OBJLUP: ; read response CALL CONIN CPI CTRLC ; CTRL-C means abort JZ EXITCP ANI 5FH ; convert to upper case CPI 'A' ;41H JC OBJLUP ; bad value - less than A CPI 'F' ;46H JZ SETOBJ JC SETOBJ JMP OBJLUP ; bad value - greater than F SETOBJ: LXI H,SRCEME ; Cannot have a one drive copy CMP M JZ OBJLUP STA OBJMES ; save the destination drive SUI 'A' ;41H STA OBJDRI ; convert value to CP/M number LXI D,SIGNON CALL PRINT ; now give chance to change disks ; ; or give up AGIN: CALL CONIN ; read response from keyboard CPI CTRLC JZ EXITCP ; ctrl-C means quit CPI CR JNZ AGIN ; CR means go. Ignore anything else ENDIF ; ; ************** ; now go do it ! ; LXI D,CRLF CALL PRINT ; now start actual copy CALL COPY LXI D,DONMSG CALL PRINT ; copy is now done, say so ; ; end of this copy ; EXIT: LXI D,REPMES ; ask if another copy is desired CALL PRINT CALL CONIN ; read response, upper case ANI 5FH CPI 'R' ; R means repeat JZ REPEAT CPI CR ; carriage return means back to CP/M JNZ EXIT MVI C,0 ; set default disk back to A CALL SELDSK JMP EXITCP ; and warmstart back to CP/M ; ; ************** ; convert value in A reg. to ASCII hex and print it ; PRTHEX: PUSH PSW ; save for LSN RAR RAR ; shift MSN nibble to LSN RAR RAR CALL PRTNBL ; now print it POP PSW ; and then do LSN PRTNBL: ANI 0FH ADI '0' ;convert to ASCII value CPI '0'+10 ; over 9 ? JC SML ADI 7 ; convert 10 to A, etc. SML: MOV C,A ; move to C for BDOS call CALL CONOUT RET ; ; ************** ; ; this is the main copy routine ; COPY: LDA SRCEDR ; first, select source drive MOV C,A CALL SELDSK CALL HOME ; home the disk first, in case ; ; the controller requires it. ; ; (this might be the first time ; ; the drive has been used) LDA TRKSRT STA TRK ; start with first track MOV C,A CALL SETTRK ; move to that track IF NOT SINGLE LDA OBJDRI MOV C,A ; now, select destination drive CALL SELDSK CALL HOME ; and home that disk, in case ENDIF ; ; return here to continue copy ; RDLOOP: LDA TRK ; note current track STA TRKSAV XRA A ; reset error counter STA CMPERR TRYAGA: LXI D,TRKM ; print the current starting track CALL PRINT ; being copied LDA TRKSAV CALL PRTHEX IF SINGLE LXI D,SIGNON ; now give operator chance to change disk ENDIF LDA SRCEDR ; select source drive ; ; read loop ; CALL STARTL ; start the copy loop (reading source) LOOP1: CALL READT ; read one track JNZ LOOP1 ; if not all tracks read, loop back LDA ERR1 ORA A JZ LOOP1 ; if any read errors, dont bother writing ; ; write loop ; IF SINGLE LXI D,OBJMSG ; give chance to put in object disk ENDIF LDA OBJDRI ; now select destination disk CALL STARTL ; start the write loop LOOP2: CALL WRITET ; write one track (and readback check) JZ LOOP3 ; if all tracks written, go check errors LDA ERR1 ORA A ; not all done, but see if error already JNZ LOOP2 ; ; now see if any errors in the previous operations ; LOOP3: LDA ERR1 ; now check if any errors ORA A JNZ SKIP ; jump if no errors at all ; ; allow NUMERR errors before giving up ; LDA CMPERR ; check the retry counter INR A STA CMPERR CPI NUMERR ; normally ten retries max JNZ TRYAGA LXI D,MESGC ; if maximum error count, CALL PRINT ; print message LDA TRK ; and set next track INR A ; past track in error SUI BUFFNU STA TRKSAV ; ; copied all tracks correctly (or NUMERR errors) ; SKIP: LDA TRKSAV ; bump up track counter ADI BUFFNU STA TRK LXI H,TRKSRT+1 ; see if copy operation is done CMP M RNC JNZ RDLOOP ; go back and do more RET ; ; ************** ; this routine selects the disk, and initializes ; the buffer address, buffer counter, and track counter, ; and seeks to the right track ; STARTL: IF SINGLE PUSH PSW CALL PRINT ; now give chance to change disks ; ; or give up AGIN: CALL CONIN ; read response from keyboard CPI CTRLC JZ EXITCP ; ctrl-C means quit CPI CR JNZ AGIN ; CR means go. Ignore anything else POP PSW ENDIF MOV C,A ; select the disk first CALL SELDSK LXI H,BUF0 ; load address of first buffer SHLD BUF0SA MVI A,10H ; reset error flag STA ERR1 MVI A,BUFFNU ; load number of buffers STA BUFFCO LDA TRKSAV ; load first track copied STA TRK MOV C,A JMP SETTRK ; and set the track ; ; ************** ; set the DMA address (in HL) ; DMASET: MOV C,L ; move HL to BC MOV B,H PUSH B ; save result and call CBIOS CALL SETDMA POP B RET ; ; ************** ; these are the disk error handling routines ; FAILR: LXI D,MESGD ; read error message JMP DIE FAILW: LXI D,MESGE ; write error message DIE: CALL PRINT ; print the main error message LXI D,ERM CALL PRINT LDA TRK ; print the track number CALL PRTHEX LXI D,MESGB ; print sector message CALL PRINT LDA SECTOR ; and print sector CALL PRTHEX LXI D,DRIVE ; print drive message CALL PRINT LDA CURRDI ADI 'A' ; convert drive number to ASCII MOV C,A CALL CONOUT ; and finally print drive XRA A STA ERR1 ; note the error so this track is retried JMP ENDLUP ; ; ************** ; read the full track now, no interleaving ; READT: MVI A,10H ; reset error flag so all tracks get read STA ERR1 ; before trying to write IF (NOT RSKEW) LHLD BUF0SA ; first, get beginning of buffer SHLD DMAAD ENDIF MVI C,0 MVI B,SDLAST ; initialize sector count RT3: INR C ; increment sector counter PUSH B IF RSKEW LXI H,READTAB ; find the interleaved sector number MVI B,0 DAD B ; using the READTAB MOV C,M CALL SETSEC ; and set the sector MVI H,0 DCR C ; now compute the buffer location MOV L,C DAD H ; corresponding to that sector DAD H DAD H ; by multiplying by 128 DAD H DAD H DAD H DAD H XCHG LHLD BUF0SA ; and then adding to the buffer start DAD D CALL DMASET ; set the DMA and do the read ENDIF IF (NOT RSKEW) CALL SETSEC ; set the sector LHLD DMAAD CALL DMASET ; set the DMA LXI H,128 DAD B ; bump up the DMA for next time SHLD DMAAD ENDIF CALL READ ; now read one sector RAR CC FAILR ; if returned 01, read error POP B DCR B ; see if all sectors read JNZ RT3 JMP ENDLUP ; return with complete track read ; ; ************** ; write the full track, with interleaving, and then ; check it by reading it all back in ; WRITET: LHLD BUF0SA ; first, get the beginning of buffer SHLD DMAAD MVI C,0 MVI B,SDLAST ; initialize sector counter WT3: PUSH B LXI H,WRITAB ; find the interleaved sector number MVI B,0 DAD B ; using the WRITAB MOV C,M CALL SETSEC ; and set the sector MVI H,0 DCR C ; now compute the buffer location MOV L,C DAD H ; corresponding to that sector DAD H DAD H ; by multiplying by 128 DAD H DAD H DAD H DAD H XCHG LHLD DMAAD ; and then adding to the buffer start DAD D CALL DMASET ; set the DMA and do the write CALL WRITE RAR ; if 01 returned, write error CC FAILW POP B INR C ; increment sector count DCR B JNZ WT3 ; and loop back if not done IF DOCOMP AND (NOT RSKEW) LXI H,BUF1 ; first, get beginning of buffer SHLD DMAAD ENDIF MVI C,0 MVI B,SDLAST ; reinitialize sector counts for read WT4: INR C ; bump up sector counter PUSH B IF RSKEW LXI H,READTAB ; find the interleaved sector number MVI B,0 DAD B ; using the READTAB MOV C,M CALL SETSEC ; and set the sector ENDIF IF RSKEW AND DOCOMP MVI H,0 DCR C ; now compute the buffer location MOV L,C DAD H ; corresponding to that sector DAD H DAD H ; by multiplying by 128 DAD H DAD H DAD H DAD H XCHG LXI H,BUF1 ; and then adding to the buffer start DAD D CALL DMASET ; now set the read buffer ENDIF IF (NOT RSKEW) AND DOCOMP CALL SETSEC ; set the sector LHLD DMAAD CALL DMASET ; set the DMA LXI H,128 DAD B ; bump up the DMA for next time SHLD DMAAD ENDIF IF RSKEW AND (NOT DOCOMP) LXI H,BUF1 ; load the buffer address CALL DMASET ; and set the read buffer ENDIF IF (NOT RSKEW) AND (NOT DOCOMP) CALL SETSEC ; now set the sector LXI H,BUF1 CALL DMASET ; and set the read buffer ENDIF CALL READ RAR ; was bit 0 set by disk error? CC FAILR POP B ; no error, see if all sectors read DCR B JNZ WT4 ; if not all done, go back IF DOCOMP LXI B,128*SDLAST ; now, compare the track read in LHLD BUF0SA LXI D,BUF1 CMPLP: LDAX D ; get read data CMP M JNZ CERR ; and if not what was written, error INX H INX D ; bump counters DCX B MOV A,C ; and count BC down to zero ORA B JNZ CMPLP ; if all done, return JMP ENDLUP ; ; print read verify compare error ; CERR: PUSH H ; save the goodies PUSH D PUSH B LXI D,MESGA ; start the error message CALL PRINT LDA TRK ; print the track number CALL PRTHEX LXI D,MESGB ; print more CALL PRINT POP H ; pop the down counter DCX H DAD H ; multiply by 2 to get sectors left MVI A,SDLAST SUB H ; subtract from total number of sectors CALL PRTHEX ; to get sector number, and print it LXI D,MEM CALL PRINT ; print second line POP H MOV A,M ; get byte read STA DATA1 ; and save it PUSH H MOV A,H ; print high order byte of address CALL PRTHEX POP H MOV A,L ; print low order byte of address CALL PRTHEX MVI C,',' CALL CONOUT ; comma POP H MOV A,M ; get byte written STA DATA2 ; and save it PUSH H MOV A,H ; print high order byte of address CALL PRTHEX POP H MOV A,L ; print low order byte of address CALL PRTHEX LXI D,DATAM ; print data header CALL PRINT LDA DATA1 ; print byte read CALL PRTHEX MVI C,',' ; comma CALL CONOUT LDA DATA2 ; print byte written CALL PRTHEX XRA A STA ERR1 ; note the error so this track is retried ENDIF ; ; this routine is used to check if another track is ; to be read/written: it increments buffer address and ; track counter, and decrements the buffer counter. ; Then, it terminates the loop if all buffers are ; full or the last track has been processed (Z flag set) ; ENDLUP: LDA ERR1 ; now check if any errors ORA A ; and return if so RZ LDA TRK ; increment track INR A LXI H,TRKSRT+1 ; check if last track CMP M RZ ; return if last track STA TRK MOV C,A ; move to the next track CALL SETTRK LXI H,BUFFCO ; decrement buffer counter DCR M RZ ; return if all buffers full/empty LXI D,128*SDLAST LHLD BUF0SA ; increment buffer address DAD D SHLD BUF0SA ORI 255 ; non-zero to indicate more RET ; ; ************** ; this routine writes messages to the console. ; Message address is in DE, and terminates on a $ ; The BDOS call is not used here because BDOS may ; be destroyed by the track buffers ; PRINT: LDAX D ; get the character CPI '$' ;24H RZ ; quit if $ PUSH D MOV C,A ; send it to the console CALL CONOUT POP D ; go check next character INX D JMP PRINT ; ; ************** ; set the next sector to be used, and save that ; number for the error routine, in case ; SETSEC: MOV A,C ; save the sector number STA SECTOR PUSH B ; save regs, in case CALL SETSCT ; now go set the sector POP B RET ; ; ************** ; set the disk to be used, and save that ; for the error routine, in case ; SELDSK: MOV A,C ; save the disk number STA CURRDI CALL SELDIS ; now select the disk RET ; ; ************** ; all messages here for convenience in disassembling ; DONMSG: DB CR,LF,CR,LF,'******** ' DB ' COPY COMPLETE ********$' DRIVE: DB ' DRIVE $' ERM: DB CR,LF,'+ ERROR ON TRACK $' MESGB: DB '(HEX) SECTOR (HEX)$' MESGC: DB CR,LF,'********** PERMANENT ' DB ' **********$' MESGD: DB CR,LF,'+ READ ERROR $' MESGE: DB CR,LF,'+ WRITE ERROR $' SIGNON: DB CR,LF,'+SOURCE ON ' SRCEME: DB 0 ; will be filled in later IF NOT SINGLE DB CR,LF,'+OBJECT ON ' OBJMES: DB 0 ; will be filled in later ENDIF SINOFF: DB CR,LF,'+TYPE <RET>$' IF SINGLE OBJMSG: DB CR,LF,'+OBJECT ON ' OBJMES: DB 0 ; will be filled in later DB CR,LF,'+TYPE <RET>$' ENDIF REPMES: DB CR,LF,'TYPE RETURN (OR R TO REPEAT)$' CRLF: DB CR,LF,'$' INIT: DB CR,LF,'COPY PROGRAM FOR ' DB 'CP/M$' SOURCE: DB CR,LF,'SOURCE DRIVE? A,B,C,D,E,F$' IF NOT SINGLE OBJECT: DB CR,LF,'OBJECT DRIVE? A,B,C,D,E,F$' ENDIF TRKM: DB CR,LF,'COPYING TRACK $' ; IF DOCOMP MESGA: DB CR,LF,'+ MEMORY COMPARE ERROR ON TRACK $' MEM: DB CR,LF,'MEMORY ADDRESS $' DATAM: DB ' DATA $' ENDIF ; ; ************** ; ; This is the sector interleave table. If you want the ; program to work, all sector numbers must be here ; somewhere. The sectors are listed in the order they ; will be written to disk. ; NOTE: the peculiar ordering is due to the fact that ; some disk controllers cannot switch between writing ; sector 26 and reading sector 1 in time - so the table ; begins with 25, proceed up every other sector, and ; ends with number 24. While the head is passing sectors ; 25 and 26, the program will be switching to read back ; the entire track. There is generally no problem ; starting with sector 25, because simply moving the ; head after the previous read on most drives will take ; about one half revolution. This table was determined em- ; perically using Shugart drives and doing actual tests ; with two different types of controller boards, and it ; is the fastest variation found. Change at your own risk. ; ; WRITAB: DB 25,1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23 DB 26,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24 ; ; the following table is recommended for those whose controllers ; cannot write even every other sector: ; There is no peculiar starting sector here because the inter- ; leave ends on sector 24, and that is the same as the table ; above. This might be a better choice for a "universal" table. ; ; DB 1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25 ; DB 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26 ; DB 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24 ; IF RSKEW ; ; this is the read skew table, if needed. The same general ; considerations as the write skew table apply here also, ; but the table should start with sector 1. Both the read ; and the read-after write use this table. As you can see, ; the write and read interleaving doesn't have to be the ; same. (Are you listening, Digital Research?) ; READTAB: DB 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25 DB 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26 ENDIF ; ; ************** ; this is one-time code to initialize the branch table ; to the CBIOS vectors. Only those vectors used are ; initialized. This routine occupies the lowest area ; of the stack, and may be clobbered by the stack during ; operation, but it is used only once, so who cares. ; VECTOR: LHLD 1 ; get warm boot address SPHL ; and save it in SP for DAD LXI H,6 DAD SP SHLD CONIN+1 ; LXI H,9 DAD SP SHLD CONOUT+1 ; LXI H,15H DAD SP SHLD HOME+1 ; LXI H,18H DAD SP SHLD SELDIS+1 ; LXI H,1BH DAD SP SHLD SETTRK+1 ; LXI H,1EH DAD SP SHLD SETSCT+1 ; LXI H,21H DAD SP SHLD SETDMA+1 ; LXI H,24H DAD SP SHLD READ+1 ; LXI H,27H DAD SP SHLD WRITE+1 ; LXI SP,STKTOP LXI H,BUFMSR SHLD START+1 PCHL ; ; ************** ; STK: ; stack DS 32 STKTOP: DB 0 TRKSRT: ; first and last+1 track numbers DB 0,0 BUF0SA: ; buffer address DB 0,0 TRKSAV: ; track save area during read and write DB 0 BUFFCO: ; buffer counter DB 0 CMPERR: ; number of disk errors DB 0 TRK: ; current track DB 0 SRCEDR: ; source drive IF NOT SINGLE DB 0 ENDIF OBJDRI: ; destination drive DB 0 CURRDI: ; drive for current operation DB 0 DMAAD: ; DMA address for current operation DB 0,0 ERR1: ; error flag (0 = error) DB 0 SECTOR: ; sector number for current operation DB 0 ; ; ************** ; the track buffers. BUFEND must not overlay the BIOS ! ; ; BUF0 is where all input tracks are read ; BUF0: DS 128*SDLAST*BUFFNU ; ; BUF1 is where the read-after-write is performed ; IF DOCOMP DATA1: DS 1 ; used in compare DATA2: DS 1 BUF1: DS 128*SDLAST ; space for a full track read ENDIF IF NOT DOCOMP BUF1: DS 128 ; just one sector for CRC only ENDIF BUFEND: DS 1 ; END