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- [File: PD2:<CPM.STARTER-KIT>00-FILES.DOC Revised: Feb. 7, 1993]
-
- This document is intended to give a brief overview of files stored
- in the SIMTEL20 CP/M software libraries.
-
- Many of the files in the software libraries have been compressed
- and/or grouped together in a single file by using one of the utilities
- available to the public domain that either squeezes, crunches,
- libraries, or archives files. This has been done to minimize disk
- storage requirements and also to minimize download time.
-
- These processed files are specially named with a filetype and can
- be identified by the last 3 letters of a filename after the "." that
- signifies the conversion. These are:
-
- .ARK for files archived (same as MS-DOS "ARC").
- .LBR for library files.
- .?Q? for squeezed files (middle letter is a Q).
- .?Z? for crunched files (middle letter is a Z).
-
- A library is a group of files collected together into one file in
- such a way that the individual files may be recovered intact. A library
- file can be identified by the "LBR" as the extent of the file name. LU
- (Library Utility) is a CP/M utility used to maintain libraries of files.
- LU does not perform any compression. Because of this, most people will
- squeeze or crunch files before adding them to a library if they want to
- save space. If you want to remove the component files (members) from a
- LBR file, you should have a copy of LU310.COM, NULU152A.COM, or other
- LBR extractor utility. (LU and NULU are 8080/8085/Z80 compatible.)
-
- Recently, popular CP/M Public Domain software files and information
- files are being distributed using ARCHIVE files. Archive files are
- similar to library (LBR) files, in that they take a logical group of
- files and put them together in a single file. The main difference, is
- that the members of the "ARC" or "ARK" file are automatically
- compressed. The compression algorithm chosen is one of three which will
- produce the smallest file.
-
- Archive files have been available to the MS-DOS and PC-DOS areas,
- but, and been made useful in the CP/M environment with the introduction
- of the "UNARC" program. The current version is 1.6, and is available
- with extensive documentation, and two executable COM files, a 8080/8085
- version and a Z80 version. The Z80 version takes advantage of the
- expanded Z80 (and equivalent) instruction set for speed and size, and
- therefore is machine dependent. There is also a modification overlay to
- adapt the program to non-standard CP/M 2.2 and 3.0 operating systems,
- such as CP/M68k and CP/M emulators. Programs are available on many
- machines to process "ARC" files, the Atari ST, systems running the UNIX,
- systems running MS-DOS, and CP/M.
-
- ARK11.COM is the CP/M utility available to make an "ARK" file.
- Archive files may also be made in the MS-DOS/PC-DOS or UNIX environment.
- (ARKs made on other systems may produce different results as the CP/M
- ARK program -- UNARC16 is able to extract and decompress these files.)
- To avoid confusion on RCP/Ms that support both MS-DOS and CP/M callers,
- Archive files have a file extension of "ARK" for CP/M software and
- information files.
-
- Some files in the SIMTEL20 CP/M software libraries have been
- compressed, using one of the standard public domain utilities, to
- minimize download time and to save storage space.
-
- Files that have been compressed can be identified by the filetype
- (the last 3 letters of a filename after the ".") that signifies the
- compression. These are:
-
- .?Q? for Squeezed files (middle letter is a Q).
- .?Z? for Crunched files (middle letter is a Z).
-
- USQ120.COM is used to unsqueeze, or expand files that have a "Q" as
- the middle letter of the filetype. Such files have been squeezed, or
- compressed with SQ111.COM or similar utility. These programs use
- Huffman Encoding to reduce the size of the target file. Depending on
- the distribution of data in a file it can be reduced in size by 30% to
- 60% by squeezing it. If you download a file with a filetype indicating
- that it is squeezed, you will need USQ120.COM to expand it before you
- can use it. There are other programs available, written in different
- languages and take advantage of special hardware, but USQ120 is
- 8080/8085/Z80 compatible.
-
- Other utilities are available that have the unsqueeze coding
- imbedded and function with squeezed or unsqueezed files. There are
- programs that perform file maintenance functions (NSWP), bi-directional
- display utilities (BISHOW), and string search programs, (FYNDE and
- FINDU). This method of compressing files has been used for some time
- now and programs to uncompress the files are available to several micro
- processors and main frame computers.
-
- CRUNCH uses the Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) techniques to compress
- files. These "crunched" files are identified with a "Z" as the second
- character of file type. This method is fast and offers compression
- ratios around 55%. Highest compression is achieved with graphics data,
- values of 90% are typical, followed by text, with 50%, and COM files and
- other binary file of around 20%. See CRUNCH24.LBR for the Z80 CRUNCH
- and UNCRunch programs. See FCRNCH11.LBR for the 8080/8085 and V20
- CRUNCH and UNCRunch programs.
-
- Since this method of compression is relatively new, there are only
- a few utilities available that processes crunched files are "typer"
- utilities such as TYPELZW, TYPEQZ, LT, and QL which also type members of
- libraries and squeezed files. If running a 8080/8085 processor, check
- the documentation to determine if the utility will only process files on
- systems using the Z80 processor. PD1:<MSDOS.COMPRESS>UNCR233.ARC contains
- a program to uncrunch files in the MS-DOS/PC-DOS environment.
-
- MicroSoft BASIC programs are always saved as ASCII files. (Saved
- with the ",A" operand.) They may than be squeezed or crunched. This
- has been done to allow them to be converted for use with other BASIC
- compilers without the need to convert them with MBASIC first.
-
- Some executable files have a file extension of "OBJ". These are
- really "COM" files that have been renamed to "OBJ" to avoid execution on
- RCP/M systems. Rename them back to "COM" for use them as commands on
- your system.
-
-
- Below is a list of utilities in the CP/M software libraries that
- work with the above mentioned files. For the current version, check the
- directory.
-
- ARK11.ARK ARK maker for Z80 systems
- FCRNCH11.COM Uncruncher for 8080/8085 systems
- UNARC16.COM Unarcer for Z80 processors
- UNARCA16.COM Unarcer for 8080/8085 CP/M systems
- UNCR24.COM Uncruncher for Z80 processors
- USQ120.COM Unsqueezer for all CP/M systems
- NULU152A.COM Library maintenance utility
-
- Keith Petersen
- Maintainer of the MSDOS, MISC and CP/M archives at SIMTEL20 [192.88.110.20]
- Internet: w8sdz@TACOM-EMH1.Army.Mil or w8sdz@Vela.ACS.Oakland.Edu
- Uucp: uunet!umich!vela!w8sdz BITNET: w8sdz@OAKLAND
-