Oakland CPM Archive/oakcpm.iso/cpm/help/ratfor.hqp/RATFOR.HLP

Text File | 1986-06-29 | 18.5 KB | 561 lines

What is RATFOR?
RATFOR statements
IF-ELSE statement
WHILE statement
FOR statement
REPEAT-UNTIL statement
BREAK and NEXT statements
SWITCH construct
Statement Grouping and Null Statments
FREE-FORM input
Comments
Character Translation
STRING Data Type
Quoted Character Strings
DEFINE macro
Other macros
INCLUDE statement
Implementation
Conclusions
Other Reference Literature
:What is RATFOR?

RATFO╥  i≤  ß preprocesso≥ fo≥ FORTRAN« It≤ primar∙ purposσ i≤ ì
t∩á encouragσá readablσ anΣ well-structureΣ codσ whilσá takinτ ì
advantagσáá  oµáá thσáá  universality¼ááá  portability¼áá  anΣ  ì
efficienc∙á  oµá FORTRAN«á Thi≤á i≤ donσá b∙á  providinτá  thσ  ì
contro∞  structure≤  no⌠  availablσ  iε  barσ FORTRAN¼á anΣ b∙ ì
improvinτ thσ "cosmeticsó oµ thσ language«

RATFO╥á  allow≤ fo≥ al∞ thσ feature≤ oµ norma∞á FORTRAN¼á plu≤ ì
make≤ availablσ thesσ contro∞ structures║

     "if"-"else"
     "while", "for", and "repeat"-"until" for looping
     "break" and "next" for controlling loop exits
     "switch" construct for allowing selection of alternatives
      statement grouping with braces







Thσ cosmetiπ aspect≤ oµ RATFO╥ havσ  beeε  designeΣ  t∩á  makσ  ì
i⌠ concisσ anΣ reasonabl∙ pleasinτ t∩ thσ eye║

          free form input
          unobtrusive comment convention
          translation of >, <=, etc. into .GT., .LE., etc.
          string data type
          quoted character strings
          "define" statement for symbolic constants
          "include" statement for including source files
è
RATFO╥á  i≤  implementeΣ  a≤  ß  preprocesso≥ whicΦ translate≤ ì
thσ abovσ feature≤ int∩ FORTRAN¼á whicΦ caε theε bσ  feΣ  int∩  ì
almos⌠  an∙ FORTRAN compiler«

:RATFOR statements

EacΦá  oµ  thσ RATFO╥ feature≤ wil∞ no≈ bσ discusseΣá iεá morσ ì
detail«á Iεá thσá following¼á ß  "statementó  i≤á  an∙á  lega∞  ì
statemen⌠  iε  FORTRAN║á assignment¼  declaration¼  subroutinσ  ì
call¼á  I/O¼ etc.¼ o≥ an∙ oµ thσ RATFO╥ statement≤ themselves«  ì
An∙á  FORTRAN  o≥  RATFO╥  statemen⌠  o≥ grou≡  oµ  thesσá caε ì
bσá encloseΣá iε brace≤ ({}⌐ o≥ bracket≤ ([]⌐ -- t∩ makσ i⌠á ß ì
compounΣ statement¼á whicΦ i≤ theε  equivalen⌠  t∩  ßá  singlσ ì
statemen⌠ anΣ usablσ anywherσ ß singlσ statemen⌠ caε bσ used«


:IF-ELSE statement

RATFO╥áá  provide≤áá  aεá  "elseóá statemen⌠á t∩á handlσáá thσ ì
constructioε "iµ ß conditioε i≤ true¼ d∩ thi≤ thing¼ otherwisσ ì
d∩ tha⌠ thing"«  Thσ synta° i≤

          if (legal FORTRAN condition)
               statement(s)
          else
               statement(s)

wherσá  thσá  elsσ  par⌠  i≤á  optional«á Thσá "lega∞á FORTRAN ì
conditionóá i≤á anythinτá tha⌠ caε legall∙ g∩ int∩á ßá FORTRAN  ì
logica∞á  IF«á  Thσ  RATFO╥ statement≤  ma∙  bσ  onσá o≥á morσ ì
valiΣá RATFO╥ o≥ FORTRAN statement≤ oµ an∙ kind«á Iµ morσ thaε ì
onσ statemen⌠ i≤ desired¼ thσ  statement≤  mus⌠ bσ encloseΣ b∙ ì
braces«

See the example on the next screen.





IF-ELSE example¼

          if (a > b)
               {
               k = 1
               call remark (...)
               }
          else if (a < b)
               {
               k = 2
               call remark (...)
               }
          else
               returnè

:WHILE statment

Thσá whilσ statemen⌠ i≤  simpl∙ ß loop║á "whilσ somσ conditioε ì
i≤ true¼ repea⌠ thi≤ grou≡ oµ  statements"«  Thσ synta° i≤

          while (legal FORTRAN condition)
                 statement(s)

A≤á  witΦá  thσ  if¼á  "lega∞ FORTRAN conditionó i≤á somethinτ ì
tha⌠á caεá g∩á int∩ ß FORTRAN logica∞á IF«á Thσá conditioεá i≤  ì
testeΣá  beforσ  executioε oµ  an∙  oµ thσ RATFO╥á statements¼ ì
s∩ iµ thσ conditioε i≤ no⌠ met¼ thσ loo≡ wil∞ bσ executeΣ zer∩ ì
times«á Also¼á a≤ witΦ  thσ  IF¼á  thσ  RATFO╥ statement≤  caε  ì
bσ  an∙  valiΣ  RATFO╥ o≥ FORTRAN constructs« Iµ morσ thaε onσ ì
statemen⌠ i≤ desired¼á thσ  statement≤  mus⌠  bσ  encloseΣ  b∙ ì
braces« Fo≥ example¼

          while (getc(c) != EOF)
               {
               c = cnvt (c)
               call putc (c)
               }
:FOR statment

Thσ  "foró  statemen⌠  i≤  simila≥  t∩ thσ "whileó excep⌠ tha⌠ ì
i⌠á allow≤á explici⌠ initializatioε anΣ incremen⌠á  step≤á  a≤  ì
par⌠  oµ  thσ statement« Thσ synta° i≤

          for (init; condition; increment)
               statement(s)

wherσá  "initó  i≤  an∙  singlσ  FORTRAN statemen⌠ whicΦá get≤ ì
donσ oncσ beforσ thσ loo≡ begins«á "Incrementó i≤ an∙á  singlσ  ì
FORTRANá  statemen⌠ whicΦ  get≤  donσ a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ eacΦá pas≤ ì
througΦá thσá loop¼á beforσá thσ test«á "Conditionóá i≤á agaiε ì
anythinτá tha⌠ i≤ lega∞  iε  ß  logica∞  IF«á An∙á  oµá  init¼  ì
condition¼áá  anΣá incremen⌠á ma∙á bσá omitted¼á althougΦá thσ ì
semicolon≤ mus⌠ remain« ┴ non-existen⌠ conditioε i≤ treateΣ a≤  ì
alway≤ true¼á  s∩ "for¿ ╗á ╗á )ó i≤ aε indefinitσ repeat«á Thσ ì
"foróá statemen⌠á i≤ particularl∙ usefu∞ fo≥á backwarΣá loops¼ ì
chaininτá  alonτá  lists¼á  loop≤ tha⌠  migh⌠  bσá  donσá zer∩ ì
times¼á anΣ simila≥ thing≤ whicΦ arσ harΣ t∩ expres≤ witΦ ß D╧ ì
statement«

See the next screen for examples.

Herσ arσ tw∩ example≤ oµ "foró loops║

          for (i=1; getarg(i, file, MAXLINE) != EOF; i=i+1)
               {
               int = open (file, READ)
               while (getlin (line, int) != EOF)
                    {è                    for (j=80; j>0; j=j-1)
                       call putc (line(j))
                    }
               call close (int)
               }

Thσá abovσá codσá simpl∙á read≤ card≤ froφ ßá lis⌠á oµá files¼  ì
reverse≤  thσ orde≥  oµ  thσ characters¼á anΣ write≤ thσ card≤ ì
ont∩ ß standarΣ outpu⌠ file« (Thσ "!=ó mean≤ .NE.⌐


:REPEAT-UNTIL statement

Thσá "repeat-untiló statement≤ allo≈  fo≥  repetitioεá  oµá  ß  ì
grou≡á  oµ statement≤ unti∞ ß specifieΣ conditioε i≤ met«á Thσ ì
synta° is║
          repeat
               statement(s)
          until
               condition

Thσ  "untiló  i≤  optional«  Oncσ  again¼  iµ  morσ  thaε  onσ  ì
RATFO╥ statemen⌠ i≤ desired¼á thσ statement≤ mus⌠ bσá encloseΣ ì
b∙ brackets«á  Iµ thσ  "untiló  par⌠  i≤  omitted¼  thσ resul⌠ ì
i≤á aεá infinitσ loo≡ whicΦ mus⌠ bσ brokeε witΦ ßá "breakóá o≥  ì
"nextó  statemen⌠  (seσ  below)«  E.g.:

          repeat
               {
               call putc (BLANK)
               col = col + 1
               }
               until (tabpos(col,tabs) == YES)
:BREAK and NEXT

RATFO╥á  provide≤  statement≤  fo≥  leavinτ  ß  loo≡ earl∙ anΣ ì
fo≥ beginninτ thσ nex⌠ iteration«

"Breakó cause≤  aε  immediatσ  exi⌠  froφ  whateve≥  loo≡á  i⌠  ì
i≤á containeΣá  iεá  (whicΦ  ma∙á  bσá ßá "while"¼á "for"¼á o≥ ì
"repeat")«á Contro∞ resume≤ witΦ thσ nex⌠ statemen⌠ afte≥  thσ  ì
loop«á  Onl∙  onσ  loo≡  i≤ terminateΣ  b∙  ß  "break"¼á  eveε  ì
iµ  thσ "breakó i≤ containeΣ insidσ severa∞ nesteΣ loops«á Fo≥ ì
example║

          repeat
               {
               if (getc(c) == EOF)  break
               ...
               }




è



"Nextóá i≤ ß brancΦ t∩ thσ bottoφ oµ thσ loop¼á s∩  i⌠  cause≤  ì
thσá nex⌠á  iteratioεá  t∩  bσá  done«á  "Nextóá goe≤á t∩á thσ ì
conditioεá par⌠á oµá ß "whileó o≥ "until"¼á t∩ thσ to≡á oµá aε ì
infinitσ "repeató  loop¼á  anΣ  t∩ thσ reinitializσ par⌠ oµá ß ì
"for"« Fo≥ example║

          for (i=1; i<10; i=i+1)
               {
               if (array(i) == BLANK)  next
               ...
               }


:SWITCH Construct

Aεá  assortmen⌠á  oµ  alternative≤  ma∙  bσ  specifieΣá  usinτ ì
thσ switcΦ construct« Thσ synta° is║

     switch (expr):
        {
        case a: statement
        case b: statement
        case c: statement
        ....
        default: statement
        }

Thσá "defaultó casσ i≤ optional«á ì

     switch (i):
        {
        case 25: do_this_stuff
        case -2: do_this_stuff
        default: otherwise do_this
        }
:Statement Grouping and Null Statements

RATFO╥ allow≤ ß grou≡ oµ statement≤ t∩ bσ treateΣ a≤ ß uni⌠ b∙ ì
enclosinτ theφ iε brace≤ -- √ anΣ }«á Thi≤ i≤ truσá throughou⌠ ì
thσ language║á whereve≥ ß singlσ RATFO╥ statemen⌠ caε bσ used¼ ì
therσ coulΣ als∩ bσ severa∞ encloseΣ iε braces.

For example:

               if (x > 100)
               {
               call error (...)
               err = 1
               return
               }
     èIµá  brace≤á  arσá  no⌠á  valiΣ  character≤á  iεá  thσá  loca∞ ì
operatinτá system¼á thσ character≤ "$(ó anΣ "$)ó ma∙á bσá useΣ ì
insteaΣ  oµ  "{ó anΣ "}ó respectively«




RATFO╥á  als∩  allow≤  fo≥ nul∞ statements¼á mos⌠ usefu∞ afte≥ ì
"foróá anΣ "whileó statements«á ┴ semicoloε alonσ indicate≤á ß  ì
nul∞ statement« Fo≥ instance¼

               while (getlin(line, int) != EOF) ;

woulΣá  reaΣá  line≤  froφ ß filσ unti∞á thσá end-of-filσá wa≤ ì
reached and

               for (i=1; line(i) == BLANK; i=i+1) ;

position≤ afte≥ leadinτ blank≤ iε ß line«

:FREE-FORM input

Statement≤á ma∙ bσ placeΣ anywherσ oε ß linσ anΣ severa∞á  ma∙ ì
appea≥  oε  onσ  linσ  iµ  the∙  arσ  separateΣ b∙ semicolons« ì
N∩á semicoloε i≤ needeΣ a⌠  thσ  enΣ  oµ  eacΦ  linσá  becausσ  ì
RATFO╥ assume≤  therσ  i≤  onσ statemen⌠ pe≥ linσ unles≤á tolΣ ì
otherwise«á RATFO╥ will¼ however¼ continuσ line≤ wheε i⌠ seem≤  ì
obviou≤  tha⌠ the∙ arσ no⌠ ye⌠ done«

An∙á  statemen⌠  tha⌠  begin≤  witΦ  aε  all-numeriπ fielΣá i≤ ì
assumeΣá t∩á bσ ß FORTRAN labe∞ anΣ i≤ placeΣ iε column≤á  1-╡  ì
upoε output«

Statement≤á  ma∙á  bσá  passeΣá througΦá thσá RATFO╥á compile≥ ì
unaltereΣá b∙á insertinτá ß percen⌠ sigεá (%⌐á a≤á thσá  firs⌠  ì
characte≥á  oε  thσ line«á  Thσ  percen⌠ wil∞ bσ removed¼á thσ ì
res⌠á oµ thσ linσ shifteΣ onσ positioε t∩ thσ left¼á anΣá  thσ  ì
linσáá  sen⌠á  ou⌠á  withou⌠á  an∙á changes«áá  Thi≤á  i≤áá  ß  ì
convenien⌠á  wa∙á t∩á pas≤ regula≥ FORTRANá o≥á assembl∙á codσ ì
througΦ thσ RATFO╥ compiler«


:Comments

┴á shar≡ characte≥ "#ó iε ß linσ mark≤  thσ  beginninτ  oµá  ß ì
commen⌠á  anΣ  thσ  res⌠  oµ  thσ  linσ  i≤  considereΣ t∩á bσ ì
tha⌠á comment«á Comment≤ anΣ codσ caε co-exis⌠ oεá  thσá  samσ  ì
line«  For example,

        function dummy (x)
        # I made up this function to show some comments
        dummy = x         #I am simply returning the parameter
        return
        end
               è
:Character Translation

Sometime≤  thσ  character≤ >¼á <=¼á etc« arσ easie≥ t∩ reaΣ iε ì
FORTRANá conditioεá statement≤  thaε  thσá  standarΣá  FORTRAN  ì
.EQ.¼á .LT.¼á  etc.«á  RATFO╥  allow≤  eithe≥  convention«  Iµ ì
thσ specia∞ character≤  arσ  used¼á  the∙  arσ  translateΣ  iε  ì
thσ  followinτ manner║

               ==          .EQ.
               != ^= ~=    .NE.
               <           .LT.
               >           .GT.
               <=          .LE.
               >=          .GE.
               |           .OR.
               &           .AND.

For example:
               for (i=1; i<= 5; i=i+1)
               ...
               if (j != 100)
               ...
:STRING Data Type

Al∞á   characte≥á   array≤   iε   RATFO╥  arσá  sequence≤á  oµ  ì
ASCI╔á characters¼áá storeΣá right-adjusted¼á onσá pe≥á  arra∙  ì
element¼á  witΦá thσ  strinτ  terminateΣ  witΦ  aε EO╙ marker« ì
Aεá automatiπá wa∙ t∩ initializσ strinτ character≤á array≤á i≤ ì
provided« Thσ synta° is║

     string name "characters"
     or
     string name(n) "characters"

RATFO╥á wil∞á definσ namσ t∩  bσá  ßá  characte≥á  (or¼á  morσ  ì
likely¼á integer⌐á  arra∙ lonτ enougΦ t∩ accomodatσ thσá ASCI╔ ì
code≤á fo≥ thσ giveε characte≥ string¼á onσ pe≥á element«á Thσ ì
las⌠á  worΣ  oµ  namσ i≤  initializeΣ  t∩  EOS«á Iµ ß sizσá i≤ ì
given¼á namσá i≤ declareΣ t∩ bσ aε intege≥ arra∙ oµ sizσá 'n'«  ì
Iµá  severa∞  strinτ  statement≤ appea≥á  consecutively¼á  thσ  ì
generateΣá declaration≤á fo≥ thσ arra∙ wil∞ precedσá thσá datß ì
statement≤ tha⌠ initializσ them«

See the next screen for examples.

For example, the declarations:

          string errmsg "error"
          string done "bye"

would be converted by RATFOR into the FORTRAN:

          integer error(6)
          integer done(4)
          data error(1), error(2), error(3), error(4),è          error(5), error(6) /LETE, LETR, LETR, LETO, LETR, EOS/
          data done(1), done(2), done(3), done(4) /LETD, LETO,
          LETN, LETE, EOS/


:Quoted Character Strings

Tex⌠ encloseΣ iε matchinτ doublσ o≥ singlσ quote≤ i≤ converteΣ ì
t∩ nH..« format¼ bu⌠ i≤ otherwisσ unaltered«  Fo≥ instance,

          call remark ("Error detected")
would translate to
          call remark (14hError detected)

and
          data string /"Can't find answer"/
would become
          data string /17hCan't find answer/

Iµá thσá loca∞ operatinτ systeφ doe≤ no⌠ suppor⌠á botΦá  uppe≥  ì
anΣá  lowe≥ casσ  holleritΦ  strings¼á aε escapσ mechanisφá i≤ ì
generall∙ provideΣ t∩ allo≈ thσ use≥ t∩ indicatσ case«

Somσ operatinτ system≤ arσ no⌠ capablσ oµ findinτ thσ  enΣ  oµ  ì
ßá FORTRANá  holleritΦá  string«á  Iεá  thi≤ casσá i⌠á ma∙á bσ ì
necessar∙á fo≥ thσ use≥ t∩ marδ thσ enΣ oµ he≥á quoteΣá strinτ ì
witΦ ß  specifiπ  character¼ sucΦ a≤ ß period«
:DEFINE

An∙á  strinτá  oµ alphanumeriπ character≤ caε bσ defineΣ a≤á ß ì
name║á thereafter¼á wheneve≥ tha⌠ namσ  occur≤  iε  thσ  inpu⌠  ì
(delimiteΣ  b∙ non-alphanumerics⌐  i⌠ i≤ replaceΣ b∙ thσá res⌠ ì
oµ thσ definitioε line« Thσ synta° is║

define(name, replacement string)

whicΦáá  definσá  "nameóá  a≤á  ßá  macr∩á  whicΦá  wil∞áá  bσ   ì
replaceΣá   witΦ "replacemen⌠  stringó  wheε  encountereΣá  iε  ì
thσ  sourcσ  files« A≤ a simple example:

          define(ROW,10)
          define(COLUMN,25)

          dimension array (ROW, COLUMN)
and

          define(EOF,-1)
          if (getlin(line, fd) == EOF) ....


Definition≤ ma∙ bσ includeΣ anywherσ iε  thσ  code¼á  a≤  lonτ  ì
a≤á the∙  appea≥  beforσ  thσ  defineΣ namσ occurs«á Thσ name≤ ì
oµ macr∩ ma∙ contaiε letters¼á digits¼á periods¼ anΣ underlinσ ì
characters¼á  bu⌠  mus⌠ star⌠  witΦ  ß letter« Uppe≥ anΣ lowe≥ ì
case≤ AR┼ significan⌠ (thu≤ EO╞ i≤ no⌠ thσ samσ a≤ eof)« è
An∙á occurrence≤ oµ thσ string≤ '$nº iε thσ replacemen⌠á text¼  ì
wherσ  ▒ <╜  ε  <╜  9¼á wil∞ bσ replaceΣ witΦ thσ ntΦ argumen⌠ ì
wheε thσ macr∩ i≤ actuall∙ invoked« Fo≥ example║

               define(bump, $1 = $1 + 1)

will cause the source line

               bump(i)

to be expanded into

               i = i + 1


:Other macros

In addition to define, four other built-in macros are provided:

arith(x,op,y) perform≤  thσ  "integeró  arithmetiπá  specifieΣ  ì
ááááááááááááááb∙  o≡ (+,-,*,/⌐  oε  thσ  tw∩  numeriπ operand≤ ì
ááááááááááááááanΣ return≤ thσ resul⌠ a≤ it≤ replacement«

incr(x)áááááááconvert≤ thσ strinτ ° t∩  ß  number¼á  add≤  onσ  ì
áááááááááááááát∩áá  it¼áá  anΣá return≤á  thσá valuσá a≤áá it≤ ì
ááááááááááááááreplacemen⌠ (a≤ ß characte≥ string)«

ifelse(a,b,c,d⌐á compare≤á ß anΣ Γ a≤ characte≥á strings╗á  iµ  ì
ááááááááááááááthe∙  arσ thσ  same¼á π i≤ pusheΣ bacδ ont∩á thσ ì
ááááááááááááááinput¼ elsσ Σ i≤ pusheΣ back«

substr(s,m,n) produce≤á thσá substrinτá oµ ≤ whicΦá start≤á a⌠ ì
áááááááááááááápositioε  φ (witΦ  origiε  one)¼á  oµ lengtΦá n« ì
ááááááááááááááIµá εá i≤ omitteΣ o≥ to∩ big¼á thσ res⌠á oµá thσ ì
áááááááááááááástrinτ i≤ used¼á whilσ  iµ φ i≤ ou⌠ oµ rangσ thσ ì
ááááááááááááááresul⌠ i≤ ß nul∞ string«
:INCLUDE

File≤á  ma∙á  bσá  inserteΣá  int∩ thσ inpu⌠á streaφá vißá thσ ì
"includeó command« Thσ statemen⌠

          include filename
or
          include "filename"

insert≤á thσá filσá founΣ oε inpu⌠ filσá "filenameóá int∩á thσ ì
RATFO╥á  inpu⌠ iε  placσ  oµ  thσ  includσá  statement«á  Thi≤  ì
i≤ especiall∙ usefu∞ iε insertinτ commoε blocks«

See the example on the next screen.



è




Include example:

          function exampl (x)
          include comblk
          exampl = x + z
          return
          end

might translate into

          function exampl (x)
          common /comblk/ q, r, z
          exampl = x + z
          return
          end

:Implementation

RATFO╥ wa≤ originall∙ writteε iε C¼á  ß  high-leve∞  language¼  ì
oεá thσ  Uni°  operatinτ  system«á Ou≥ versioε i≤á writteεá iε ì
RATFO╥ itself¼ originall∙ brough⌠ u≡ b∙ ß bootstra≡ writteε iε ì
FORTRAN«

RATFO╥á generate≤ codσ b∙ readinτ inpu⌠ file≤ anΣá translatinτ  ì
an∙ RATFO╥  keyword≤  int∩  standarΣ  FORTRAN«  Thus¼  iµ  thσ ì
firs⌠á tokeεá (word⌐ oε ß sourcσ linσ i≤ no⌠ ßá keyworΣá (likσ ì
"for"¼á  "while"¼á  etc.⌐á thσá  entirσ  statemen⌠á i≤á simpl∙ ì
copieΣá t∩ thσ outpu⌠ witΦ appropriatσ characte≥á  translatioε  ì
anΣá  formatting«á  RATFO╥  know≤  ver∙   littlσ FORTRANá  anΣ  ì
thu≤á doe≤ no⌠ handlσ an∙ FORTRAN erro≥ detection«á Error≤á iε ì
RATFO╥ keyworΣ synta° arσ generall∙  noteΣ  b∙  ß  messagσ  t∩  ì
thσ user'≤  termina∞  alonτ  witΦ  aε indicatioε oµ thσ sourcσ ì
linσ numbe≥ whicΦ causeΣ thσ problem«

:Conclusions

RATFO╥á  demonstrate≤  tha⌠  witΦ  modes⌠   effor⌠á   FORTRAN-ì
baseΣ programmer≤  caε  increasσ thei≥ productivit∙ b∙ usinτ ß ì
languagσá tha⌠á provide≤ theφ  witΦ  thσ  contro∞á  structure≤  ì
anΣ  cosmetiπ  feature≤ essentia∞  fo≥ structureΣá programminτ ì
design«á Debugginτá anΣ subsequen⌠ revisioε  time≤  arσá  mucΦ  ì
faste≥á  thaε  thσ  equivalen⌠  effort≤  iεá FORTRAN¼á  mainl∙  ì
becausσá thσ codσ caε bσ easil∙ read«á Thu≤ i⌠ become≤á easie≥  ì
t∩  writσ  codσ  tha⌠  i≤   readable¼   reliable¼   anΣ   eveε ì
estheticall∙á   pleasing¼á   a≤   wel∞   a≤   beinτá  portablσ  ì
t∩  othe≥ environments«

:Other Reference Literature

1)  Kernighan¼á  Briaε  W.¼á  "RATFOR--ß  Preprocesso≥  fo≥  ß  ìèááááRationa∞á FORTRAN"«á  Softwarσ - Practicσ anΣá Experience¼ ì
ááááVol« 5¼ ┤ (Oct-Deπ 75)¼ pp« 395-406«

2)  Kernighan¼á  Briaε  W«á  anΣ  P«  J«  Plauger¼   "Softwarσ   ì
ááááTools"« Addison-Wesle∙ Publishinτ Company¼ Reading¼ Mass.¼ ì
áááá1976«

3) áThσ RATFO╥ use≥ documen⌠

4) áThσ Uni° commanΣ "rcó iε thσ Uni° Manua∞ (RC(I)⌐

5)á Thi≤ HEL╨ filσ wa≤ buil⌠ froφ thσ RATFOR.PR═ filσ froφ thσ ì
áááá"Softwarσ Toolsó CP/═ disks« Volumσ 24¼ filσ 2╕ iε thσ BD╙ ì
áááá"Có onlinσ catalogue¼ BDSCAT.ALL.

Thσá onl∙ onσ oµ thesσ whicΦ i≤ likel∙ t∩ bσ readil∙ availablσ ì
t∩ mos⌠ microcompute≥ user≤ i≤ thσ "Softwarσ Toolsó book« Thi≤ ì
i≤á highl∙ recommendeΣ a≤ ß genera∞ tex⌠ eveε iµ yo⌡á arσá no⌠ ì
particularl∙ interesteΣ iε RATFOR.