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- ***NEC PC-8001 COMPUTER BITS AND PIECES***
-
- ***NEComaniac 4-8-84 at 5:00 AM***
-
- After obtaining what was probably one of the first of these animals
- in the Detroit area, I started trying to do something with it.
- Quickley I discovered that not only was the documentation a bit
- sparse, so was the hope of any help.
- This situation is probably true for most computer hobbyists and is
- what inspires the drive for user-groups and CBBS's.
- The following information is donated in the hope that it will answer
- some questions about this system and aim the PC-8001 user in a
- direction where he might obtain further information.
-
-
- Naturally it is impossible to cover all hardware and software of any
- system in great detail without writing a book. What I'll try and do
- is to explain some interesting and useful features.
-
- ***HELLO56.COM***
- If you examine the listing in your Operating System handbook (The
- nice soft one with the pages that fall out.) you'll see that just
- following the statement 'CALL CALBOOT' there is a bunch of NOP's.
- These NOP's were set aside so you can add CALL's to additional
- routines of your own design. The following is an example routine
- which initializes the USART at your built-in RS-232 serial port.
-
- Add this routine to 'HELLO.ASM' and assemble it into your new
- HELLO56.COM. Remember that any useful routine that configures your
- hardware on Cold Boot can be accomplished this way.
-
- Insert CALL INT8251 (or whatever) where those NOP's are.
- Add this routine (or yours) just before the END directive.
- You can find out how to program the 8251 USART in nearly any book
- or data catalog that covers chips associated with the 8080 family.
- This routine sets the USART for 'devide by 64 Baudrate, 1 stop bit,
- even parity.
-
- INT8251 LDA 0EA66H ;This routine tells the machine that you
- ANI 0CFH ;want the serial port used for I/O instead
- ORI 20H ;of the Cassette interface.
- OUT 30H ;System control port
- STA 0EA66H
- NOP
- MVI A,40H ;Get 8251 ready for Mode word
- OUT 21H ;Serial Status and Command Port
- NOP
- MVI A,7BH ;Devide by 64, 1 stop bit, even parity
- OUT 21H
- NOP
- MVI A,15H ;TXEN,RXEN,ERROR RESET
- OUT 21H ;Oh, by the way the data port is 20H
- RET ;incase you want to go around CP/M.
-
- Remember that the routine could of been anything. How about a start-
- up to get the screen going a different color or different format?
- Don't forget to make back-ups of what you do and document it.
-
- Do you use 'FNCKEY.STR' to get your function keys set up? Why not
- just change HELLO56.COM to use different definitions and save disk
- space?
-
- ***LIGHT PEN***
-
- Did you know that pin 5 on the Din connector for the B/W monitor is
- connected directly to the light pen input on the CRT Controller chip?
- This one is too complicated to really go into, but here's the info to
- get you going on this project.
-
- 1. input is positive going (Hi = true)
- 2. 51H is the CRTC command port. Send 60H to tell chip you want to
- read the light pen.
- 3. Read 50H twice to get the location
- a. first read = Character position in Row
- b. second read = Row number
- 4. the CRTC is a uPD3301 (Later I'll tell you how to get the manual)
- 5. Maybe you can find a simple light pen circuit in one of those old
- magazines you keep hesitating to throw out.
-
- ***Heath Software***
-
- Did you know that just about any Heath software that doesn't depend
- on the H-19 video terminal can be run on your machine?
- It's true, Where else can you get C/80 so cheap or how about MACRO-80
- that fancy macro assembler?
-
- Here is one way you can do it.
- 1. Find someone with a new Z-100 that likes to help.
- 2. Format one of your disks.
- 3. Using one of those handy disk-dump programs gratefully recieved
- from the CBBS (don't forget your donation-money is good) do the
- following.
- a. on the first sector, first track write the following:
- E5 E5 E5 E5 00 22 E5 02 08 E5 E5 00 E5 20 00 03
- 07 00 97 00 3F 00 C0 00 10 00 02 00 6D E5 E5 E5
- b. This data allows the Z-100 to configure its second drive to
- the same format as your computer.
- c. Now it is a simple matter for the Z-100 to transfer that
- Heath software to your disk.
- 4. Remember that bootlegging is illegal and not very nice. (I got to
- learn not to preach.)
-
- ***Some unresolved 'Did you knows'***
-
- Unresolved means that I definitely now it will work but I haven't
- figured it out totally.
- 1. The PC-8031 Disk unit can be programed to read and write just
- about every mini disk format. Ya it's true, it has its own Z-80
- and its own ram and a very nice controller chip that likes being
- programed all kinds of different ways.
- This is what I got so far:
- a. We're dissasembling the rom and we made some discoveries.
- The unit can be reprogramed, can support double sided drives,
- and can probably use the new 80 track drives.
- b. The units operating system is kind of wierd, so is the hardware
- but if I can figure it out to a usable extent I'll pass on the
- information.
- c. The unit uses the uPD765.
- d. The units power supply could support four half-height double-
- sided drives. That would be a breakthrough in disk space!
-
- 2. By changing the console I/O driver in CP/M the computer could
- definitly emulate the H-19. Now we got just about all the H-89-90
- software.
- 3. A simple circuit could allow switching the character generator to
- a 2K ram (6116) for a programmable character generator. Hooray
- Hi-Res graphics, different fonts.
-
- ***Where to get information***
-
- Boy, has this part been frustrating!! Everyone acts like I'm a spy
- trying to get TOP-SECRET information. I've even tried bribing service
- technicians and computer stores. NEC hasn't been all that helpful
- either, they can answer questions about what key do you hit to enter
- information but little else. You can do better getting information
- on a MIG fighter. Here's what I did:
-
- 1. See what you can get out of NEC.
- a. Nec Consumer Electronics Div.
- Elkgrove, Ill.
- 312-228-5900
- 2. This division is good - There manuals are free and come UPS!
- This is for data sheets and manuals on chips.
- a. Nec Semiconductor Div
- One Natick Executive Park
- Natick, Mass. 01760
- 617-655-8833
- 3. I found a computer store that used to carry NEC and they were
- helpful and sympathetic. They ordered the service manuals for
- me.
- a. PC-8001A System Service Manual
- b. PC-8031A/32A Disk Service Manual
- c. PC-8012A Service Manual
- d. PC-8023A-C Printer Troubleshooting Manual
- Each manual cost $20.00 and aren't the best I've seen!
- They are vague, but still worth it because what else can you do?
- 4. I have a friend that doesn't get tired of my problems and knows
- alot about electronics. (I didn't say anyone can figure this out
- by himself).
- 5. The RoyalOak CBBS, The insight obtained here was great!
-
- ***Thanks, Keith and all you fellow computerists out there.***
-