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TURBO ASSEMBLER 1.0: MANUAL ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS ----------------------------------------------------- General note: The casing of the predefined segment symbol names (those beginning with the at-sign (@)) are incorrect in the manuals. The entire name should be in lowercase. This case is significant when you assemble with the /ML option. The correct names are @code @data @fardata @fardata? @curseg Turbo Assembler User's Guide ---------------------------- For your convenience, many of the examples are provided on the dis- tribution diskettes. Consult the files listed at the bottom of the README file for their names and the page on which the example appears. Page 33 - In the last sentence of the first paragraph, change AX to CX. 42 - The example at the bottom of the page should be 10000 + 201 ----- 10201 47 - In Footnote 2, remove the text in parentheses. 50 - The table in the manual does not include the 80287 and 80387 instructions. The following table describes them. Instruction Processor Instruction Processor ------------------------------------------------------ FSETPM 287-387 FCOS 387 FPREM1 387 FPREMI 387 FSIN 387 FSINCOS 387 FUCOM 387 FUCOMP 387 FUCOMPP 387 61 - The first sentence of the second paragraph on the page should read: "If you want to assemble multiple files, you can separate their names with the plus sign(+):" Remove the first example following the paragraph. 63 - The syntax description for the /B command-line option should read, "/B." 74 - The table in the /W command-line option is missing several items; add the following options: RES - Reserved word warning TPI - Turbo Pascal illegal warning PQK - Assuming constant for [const] warning ALN - Segment alignment 75 - At the top of the page, the first sentence should read, "By default, Turbo Assembler first starts assembling your file with all warnings enabled except the inefficient code-generation (ICG) and the write-to-memory in protected-mode (PRO) warnings. 78 - The first paragraph should say... ...Assembler, it will look for a file called TASM.CFG in your current directory. If running on DOS 3.X or later, it will also look in the directory that Turbo Assembler was loaded from. If Turbo Assembler finds the file .... 85 - On the second line of the page, change "Table 4.2 on page 169" to "Table 2.1 page 47." 97 - The following example instructions will only work correctly while in Ideal mode: mov al, [100+8] and mov al, [108] The equivalent instructions in MASM mode follow: mov al, ds:[100+8] and mov al, ds:[108] 135 - In the first paragraph of the section titled "Named Memory Locations," the last sentence should read, "The LABEL directive is another handy way to name a memory location, without allocating any storage." 142 - The sentence at the end of the fourth paragraph should read: "It also matters when you're converting between data sizes and when you're executing conditional jumps." 146 - In the second paragraph, "first-in" should be "last-in." 179 - From the first sentence of the fourth paragraph, delete this text: "and considerably less flexible than register passing." 188 - In the second sentence of the last paragraph on the page, change "table" to "label." 212 - Add the following types to the table of EXTRN types in the middle of the page: DATAPTR A near or far data pointer depending on the current memory model. UNKNOWN An unknown type. <Structure Name> The name of a user-defined STRUC type. 220 - Delete the second paragraph on the page: "You'll notice .... fields that overflow." 227 - Delete the first paragraph on this page: "You should .... symbol table." 230 - In the last line of the second paragraph, change the word 'enabled' to 'disabled.' 232 - The last sentence of the first complete paragraph should read, "Normally, fields that overflow are not truncated (%NOTRUNC)." 241 - Add the following to the list of conditional error directives at the bottom of the page: .ERRE, .ERRNZ, .ERRDIFI, .ERRIDNI 283,285,287,288,290,298,302,310 - Change the case of -s and -b to -S and -B, respectively. 290 - The second line of the last paragraph should read, "80387 processors, inline assembly that supports the 80286, 80287, 80386, and 80387." 304 - The comment in the middle of the page should be ; ?debug L 15 319 - The last line of the third paragraph should be "FILE2.ASM, rather than in the FARDATA segment." 328 - The last sentence of the first paragraph should read, "Another convenience is that the labels defined with ARG are limited in scope to the procedure they're used in when you declare them with the local label prefix (see LOCALS in the Reference manual), so you need never worry about .... " 446 - The second sentence of the first paragraph should read, "For example, in the following code, when TestStruc is created, the first byte of field A is initialized to 1 and the first byte of field B is initialized to 2, while the second byte of each field is initialized to 20h (a space)." 453 - The word "bytes" in the comments for the example code should be "bits." 455 - The second statement "jnz LoopTop" in the example code should be "jnz ShortLoopTop." 473 - The statement "mov ax, [InitValue]" should be moved after the statement "mov es, ax." 519 - The constant value 800000000h should have one less zero in it: 80000000h. 522 - The constant value 100000000h should have one less zero in it: 10000000h. 531 - The first line of the second paragraph should read, "FCOS calculates the cosine of the ST(0) register; FSIN calculates the sine." 543 - The last sentence of the second paragraph should read, "The directive works the same in both modes with one exception: SYMTYPE will not return a value for an undefined identifier. Otherwise, this operator returns the types of various symbols." 553 - The last two sentences of the first paragraph, the modes Ideal and MASM are reversed. It should read, "In Ideal mode, the PUBLIC .... In MASM mode, because ....". 580 - The second entry in the index for T should read TASM.CFG files 78 Turbo Assembler Reference Guide ------------------------------- Page 6 - The first paragraph on the page should read, "The following rule applies to predefined symbols starting with an at-sign(@): The first letter of each word that makes up part of a symbol name is an uppercase letter, except for segment-name aliases; the rest of the word is lowercase. As an example, @FileName @WordSize @curseg @fardata Change the predefined symbol entry @Code to @code and the example should read: mov ax,@code mov dx,ax ASSUME ds:@code 8 - Change the predefined symbol entry @Data to @data and the example should read: mov ax,@data mov ds,ax ASSUME ds:@data 9 - In the first sentence of the Remarks section for @DataSize, @DataSize is set to 0 for the tiny model also. The example for ??Date should be: ASMDATE db ??Date 10 - Change the predefined symbol entry @FarData to @fardata and the example should read: mov ax,@fardata mov ds,ax ASSUME ds:@fardata Change the predefined symbol entry @FarData? to @fardata? and the example should read: mov ax,@fardata? mov ds,ax ASSUME ds:@fardata? 15 - In Table 2.2, add the operator SYMTYPE at the end. 16 - Add the following sentence to the Remarks section for the * operator: "The * operator can also be used between a register and a constant, to support 386 addressing modes. 24 - The example for DWORD should be call dword fptr 27 - The example for HIGH should be ; MASM and Ideal modes Magic equ 1234h mov cl, HIGH Magic Ideal ; Ideal mode only Big DD 12345678h mov ax, [word HIGH Big] ; loads 1234h into AX 30 - The example for LOW should be ; MASM and Ideal modes Magic equ 1234h mov bl, LOW Magic Ideal ; Ideal mode only Big DD 12345678h mov ax, [word LOW Big] ; loads 5678h into AX 31 - The example for MASK should be stat record a:3,b:4,c:5 newstat stat <0,2,1> mov al, newstat and al, MASK b mov al, MASK stat 33 - The example for NEAR should be Ideal proc farp far ; body of procedure endp farp ; still in same segment push cs call NEAR farp 35 - The example for PROC should be .model large .code Ideal call proc Test1 proc Test1 35 - Add DATAPTR to the list of data types for the PTR operator. Also, in MASM mode, the expression to the right of PTR can be anything that evaluates to a constant. 39 - The last paragraph in the Remarks section for the SIZE operator should read, "In Ideal mode, SIZE returns the byte count within a DUP. To get the byte count of the DUP, use LENGTH." In the first line of the Remarks section for SMALL, change LARGE to SMALL. 40 - Delete MASM from the Mode description of SYMTYPE. 41 - Add DATAPTR to the list of data types for the THIS operator. 42 - The example for the .TYPE operator should be if (.type ABC) and 3 assume ds:seg abc mov ax, seg abc mov ds, ax endif 49 - In the % operator, add these lines to the end of the second paragraph: "The evaluated expression will be represented as a numerical string in the CURRENT RADIX. Also, a text macro name can be specified after the %, causing a full substitution of the text macro body for the macro argument." 53 - Add the % directive, which is a one-line macro that uses all current text macros as possible arguments. 59 - Add the following sentence to the end of the Remarks section for the ALIGN directive: "ALIGN generates a warning if the segment alignment is not strict enough." 61 - Add DATAPTR to the list of valid data types in the third paragraph. 62 - The example for the ARG directive should be fp PROC FAR ARG SRC:WORD,DEST:WORD = ARGLEN push bp mov bp,sp mov di,DEST mov si,SRC ;<Procedure body> pop bp ret ARGLEN fp ENDP 67 - The Syntax description for COMMENT should be COMMENT delimiter [text] [text] delimiter 69 - Delete the second paragraph of the Remarks section for the .CREF directive; .CREF is not used by default. The third paragraph should read, "Turbo Assembler includes cross-reference information in the listing file as well as in a separate .XRF file." 71 - The first sentence in the Remarks section for the %CTLS directive should say that listing-control directives are normally *not* listed. 75 - Add DATAPTR to list of valid data types in the first paragraph on the page. Change the number in the first bulleted item from 4,294,967,295 to 2,147,483,647. 76 - Add DATAPTR to list of valid data types in the second paragraph of the Remarks section for DF. 77 - The DISPLAY directive is available in both MASM and Ideal modes. You may use the substitute operator inside a string passed to the DISPLAY directive. For example, MAKE_DATA macro VALUE display "Initializing a byte to: &VALUE&" db VALUE endm 79 - DP defines a far 48-bit pointer, not 32. In DQ, change the numeric range in the first bulleted item from -2^64+1 to 2^64-1. 81 - Add DATAPTR to list of valid data types in the first paragraph on the page. Also, the number in the first bulleted item on the page should be 32,767, not 65,536. 87 - The EQU directive is available in both MASM and Ideal modes. 97 - Add the following sentence to the end of the Remarks section for the EVEN directive: "A warning is generated for the EVEN directive if alignment is not strict enough." 98 - Add to the Remarks section of EVENDATA: "It even-aligns by merely advancing the location counter without emitting data, which is useful for uninitialized segments. Also, it gives a warning if the segment alignment isn't strict enough." 99 - Add DATAPTR to the list of types in the Remarks section of EXTRN. Also each argument of EXTRN accepts the same syntax as an argument of ARG or LOCAL. 103 - Add DATAPTR to the list of types in the Remarks section of the GLOBAL directive. Also add to the Remarks section that each argument of GLOBAL accepts the same syntax as an argument of EXTRN, ARG, or LOCAL. 117 - Add DATAPTR to list of valid data types in the Remarks section for LABEL. 120 - In the middle of the page, delete the first part of the paragraph that begins, "If you have enabled MASM51..", and leave "You can use this alternative syntax for each localdef." 121 - Add DATAPTR to the list of valid data types in the first paragraph on this page. 124 - Remove the third bulleted item in the Remarks section for the MASM51 directive. The last bulleted item should read, "Extended model PROCs are all PUBLIC with a leading underscore if the language is C." 125 - In the fourth line of the fourth paragraph, add the word "DATA" between "and" and "segments." Add this phrase to the last sentence in the same paragraph: "...if you want 16-bit segments." 128 - Add the last three lines in the example for %NEWPAGE to MULTERRS. 129 - Delete the last three lines in the example for %NEWPAGE. 137 - You may use the substitute operator inside a string passed to the %OUT directive. For example, MAKE_DATA macro VALUE %out Initializing a byte to: &VALUE& db VALUE endm 145 - The example for PROC should be READLINE proc near ; Body of procedure READLINE endp call READLINE 146 - In the Remarks section for %PUSHLCTL, change %WCL to %INCL and change %NOWCL to %NOINCL. 156 - The example for the STRUC directive should be Ideal model small dataseg struc B B1 DD 0 B2 DB ? ends struc A A1 DW ? A2 DD ? binst B <> struc D DB "XYZ" E DQ 1.0 ends ends ainst A <> cinst A ? dinst A codeseg mov al, [ainst.binst.b2] mov al, [ainst.d] mov ax, [word cinst.binst.b1] end 160 - Remove the last paragraph in the Remarks section for %TRUNC. Note that %NOTRUNC is the default mode when Turbo Assembler starts assembling a file. 163 - In the table of 80386 32-bit registers, remove EDS and EES. 164 - Add the following to the list of warning identifiers: RES - Reserved word warning TPI - Turbo Pascal illegal warning PQK - Assuming constant for [const] warning ALN - Segment alignment 171 - In the section for mexpr9, add the following: o mexpr10 173 - In the section for expr, capitalize the reserved word "symtype." 191 - Disregard the 'NOTE.' in the middle of the page. 216 - Remove the second to last paragraph on the page, "By default ..."