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- Key to OMIM gene map in file genemap.txt
-
-
- Each entry is a list of fields, separated by the '|' character. The
- fields are, in order :
-
-
- 1 - Numbering system, in the format Chromosome.Map_Entry_Number2 - Month entered3 - Day "4 - Year "5 - Location6 - Gene Symbol(s)7 - Gene Status (see below for codes)8 - Title9 - 10 - MIM Number11 - Method (see below for codes)12 - Comments13 -14 - Disorders15 - Disorders, cont.16 - Disorders, cont17 - Mouse correlate18 - Reference
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Status codes:
-
- The certainty with which assignment of loci to chromosomes or the
- linkage between two loci has been established has been graded into
- the following classes:
-
- C = confirmed - observed in at least two laboratories or in several
- families.
-
- P = provisional - based on evidence from one laboratory or one
- family.
-
- I = inconsistent - results of different laboratories disagree.
-
- L = limbo - evidence not as strong as that provisional, but included
- for heuristic reasons. (Same as `tentative'.)
-
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Method codes :
- The methods for mapping genes are symbolized as follows:
-
- A = in situ DNA-RNA or DNA-DNA annealing (`hybridization'); e.g.,
- ribosomal RNA genes to acrocentric chromosomes; kappa light chain
- genes to chromosome 2.
-
- AAS = deductions from the amino acid sequence of proteins; e.g.,
- linkage of delta and beta hemoglobin loci from study of hemoglobin
- Lepore. (Includes deductions of hybrid protein structure by
- monoclonal antibodies; e.g., close linkage of MN and SS from study of
- Lepore-like MNSs blood group antigen.) Also includes examples of
- hybrid genes as in one form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in
- apolipoprotein (Detroit).
-
- C = chromosome mediated gene transfer (CMGT); e.g., cotransfer of
- galactokinase and thymidine kinase. (In conjunction with this
- approach fluorescence-activated flow sorting can be used for transfer
- of specific chromosomes.)
- Ch = chromosomal change associated with particular phenotype and not
- proved to represent linkage (Fc), deletion (D), or virus effect (V);
- e.g., loss of 13q14 band in some cases of retinoblastoma. (`Fragile
- sites,' observed in cultured cells with or without folate-deficient
- medium or BrdU treatment, fall into this class of method; e.g.,
- fragile site at Xq27.3 in one form of X-linked mental retardation.
- Fragile sites have been used as markers in family linkage studies;
- e.g., FS16q22 and haptoglobin.)
-
- D = deletion or dosage mapping (concurrence of chromosomal deletion
- and phenotypic evidence of hemizygosity), trisomy mapping (presence
- of three alleles in the case of a highly polymorphic locus), or gene
- dosage effects (correlation of trisomic state of part or all of a
- chromosome with 50% more gene product). Includes "loss of
- heterozygosity" (loss of alleles) in malignancies. Examples:
- glutathione reductase to chromosome 8. Includes DNA dosage; e.g.,
- fibrinogen loci to 4q2. Dosage mapping also includes coamplification
- in tumor cells.
-
- EM = exclusion mapping, i.e., narrowing the possible location of loci
- by exclusion of parts of the map by deletion mapping, extended to
- include negative lod scores from families with marker chromosomes and
- negative lod scores with other assigned loci; e.g., support for
- assignment of MNSs to 4q.
- F = linkage study in families; e.g., linkage of ABO blood group and
- nail-patella syndrome. (When a chromosomal heteromorphism or
- rearrangement is one trait, Fc is used; e.g., Duffy blood group locus
- on chromosome 1. When 1 or both of the linked loci are identified by
- a DNA polymorphism, Fd is used; e.g., Huntington disease on
- chromosome 4. F = L in the HGM workshops.)
-
- H = based on presumed homology; e.g., proposed assignment of TF to
- 3q. Includes Ohno's law of evolutionary conservatism of X chromosome
- in mammals. Mainly heuristic or confirmatory.
-
- HS = DNA/cDNA molecular hybridization in solution (`Cot analysis');
- e.g., assignment of Hb beta to chromosome 11 in derivative hybrid
- cells.
-
- L = lyonization; e.g., OTC to X chromosome. (L = family linkage study
- in the HGM workshops.)
-
- LD = linkage disequilibrium; e.g., beta and delta globin genes (HBB,
- HBD).
-
- M = Microcell mediated gene transfer (MMGT); e.g., a collagen gene
- (COL1A1) to chromosome l7.
-
- OT = ovarian teratoma (centromere mapping); e.g., PGM3 and centromere
- of chromosome 6.
-
- Pcm = PCR of microdissected chromosome segments (see REl).
-
- Psh = PCR of somatic cell hybrid DNA.
-
- R = irradiation of cells followed by `rescue' through fusion with
- nonirradiated (nonhuman) cells (Goss-Harris method of
- radiation-induced gene segregation); e.g., order of genes on Xq.
- (Also called cotransference. The complement of cotransference =
- recombination.)
-
- RE = Restriction endonuclease techniques; e.g., fine structure map of
- the beta-globin cluster (HBBC) on 11p; physical linkage of 3
- fibrinogen genes (on 4q) and APOA1 and APOC3 (on 11p).
-
- REa = combined with somatic cell hybridization; e.g., NAG (HBBC) to
- 11p.
-
- REb = combined with chromosome sorting; e.g., insulin to 11p.
- Includes Lebo's adaptation (dual laser chromosome sorting and spot
- blot DNA analysis); e.g., MGP to 11q. (For this method, using flow
- sorted chromosomes, W is the symbol adopted by the HGM workshops.)
-
- REc = hybridization of cDNA to genomic fragment (by YAC, PFGE,
- microdissection, etc.), e.g., A11 on Xq.
-
- REf = isolation of gene from genomic DNA; includes 'exon trapping'
-
- REl = isolation of gene from chromosome-specific genomic library (see
- Pcm).
-
- REn = neighbor analysis in restriction fragments, e.g., in PFGE.
-
- S = `segregation' (cosegregation) of human cellular traits and human
- chromosomes (or segments of chromosomes) in particular clones from
- interspecies somatic cell hybrids; e.g., thymidine kinase to
- chromosome 17. When with restriction enzyme, REa; with hybridization
- in solution, HS.
-
- T = TACT = telomere-associated chromosome fragmentation; e.g.,
- interferon-inducible protein 6-16.
-
- V = induction of microscopically evident chromosomal change by a
- virus; e.g., adenovirus 12 changes on chromosomes 1 and 17.
-
- X/A = X-autosome translocation in female with X-linked recessive
- disorder; e.g., assignment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy to Xp21.
-