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-
- SUBPROGRAM RP
-
- This program helps to apply Maxim's resistor programmed filter
- products (MAX265/266). Program input is given in response to prompts
- relating to :
-
- Filter shape ( lowpass, highpass etc. )
- Center frequency or corner frequency
- Frequency of zero
- Q
- Mode
-
- There are several filter operating modes: Mode 1, 2, 3, 3A etc.These determine
- the way the external resistors are used to perform the filter functions.
- The MAX265/266 data sheet can be consulted for help in choosing the
- appropriate mode.
-
- The program calculates a set of resistors; however the set is not
- unique. Other values would work as well provided the ratios between them
- are preserved. Note however that the filter output swing may be limited for
- resistive loads below 10Kohm while resistor values excessively large may
- result in poor noise performance.
- ***
- CLOCK / CENTER FREQUENCY RATIO
-
- This ratio is set digitally in the MAX265/266. The available ratios in these
- two parts are:
-
- MAX265 Approximately 100-200
- MAX266 Approximately 41-140
-
- Depending on the filter operating mode, these ranges may be extended with
- the external resistors and the information describing modes should be
- consulted.
- ***
- ERROR CORRECTION
-
- In all switched capacitor circuits, sampling errors cause the actual
- center frequencies and Q's to differ from the ideal values given by design
- texts or tables. Such errors are largest with low selected Q's and low
- clock/center frequency ratios. However they are a predictable function of
- Q and clock/center frequency ratio.
-
- This program is unique in that it takes these sampling errors into account.
- Just as a marksman aims high when using a rifle which he knows tends to
- shoot low, the program RP pre-compensates the output data so that the final
- result is on target. The corrections will be evident in the printed output
- when compared with "ideal" values from other design sources which do not
- assume a sampled system.
- ***
- GAIN OF NOTCH FILTERS IN MODE 3A
-
- When the program requires information to set the gain of notch filters it
- asks questions relating to:
-
- The frequency at which the gain is to be set ( DC or high frequency )
- The gain which is to be given priority ( low freq, high freq, center freq )
-
- Without further complicating the problem a simple rule to follow in answering
- these questions is to set gain at zero Hertz or DC and to set the low frequency
- gain as the priority. If this is done for ALL the second order sections of a
- multi-section filter then the correct overall gain will be achieved. ( An
- equally correct solution results from setting the gain at half the clock
- frequency and giving the high frequency gain priority, provided this is done
- for all stages. )
- ***
- GAIN OF BANDPASS FILTERS
-
- When a bandpass filter composed of two or more second order sections is
- designed, the gain of the overall filter at the design center frequency needs
- careful consideration and these programs will provide aid in arriving at the
- proper gain.
-
- Suppose a bandpass filter with a center frequency of 1000 Hz is made with two
- second order sections with the following characteristics:
-
- Section 1: center frequeny = 771 Hz, gain at 771 Hz = 1.0 V/V
- Section 2: center frequency=1296 Hz, gain at 1296 Hz = 2.0 V/V
-
- The assumption that the overall filter has a gain of 2, ( that is 2 times 1 )
- is incorrect since the overall gain is measured at 1000 Hz. A corrective factor
- is needed to calculate the proper gain at 1000 Hz and it is given in the output
- of program PZ when the specifications of the individual sections are
- calculated. This factor is called the GAF or "Gain adjustment factor".
- Suppose that PZ gave a value for the GAF of 2.92. Then the proper value for
- the gain of the above system would be:
-
- Gain at 1000 Hz = 1.0 * 2.0 / 2.92 = 0.685 V/V
- ***
- PROGRAM OUTPUT
-
- After all the data has been entered the program calculates the resistors
- and the results appear on the screen. There is an opportunity to print the
- data if a printer is attached. The same data is automatically sent to disk
- files:
-
- First design in file RP1.R
- Second design in file RP2.R etc.
-
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