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- b. BANDPASS FILTER
-
- A common structure in microwave design is the edge-coup-
- led bandpass filter, either in microstrip or stripline. We
- can easily model such circuits with the CPL element. Here, we
- shall construct only half of the filter, then utilize the IMA
- (image) transformation to obtain the other half, joining the
- two to form a complete filter. This is a good technique for
- decreasing execution time. For our example, we will consider
- a 3-pole filter having a bandwidth of 200 MHz and a center
- frequency of 2 GHz.
-
- ELEMENT PARAMETER
- TYPE NUM #1 #2 #3
- 1 CPL 1 77.67 38.04 2
- 2 CPL 2 56.17 45.06 2
- 3 CAS 3 1 2
- 4 IMA 4 3
- 5 CAS 5 3 4
- 6 END 5
-
- The bandpass performance of this filter, from 1.8 GHz to
- 2.2 GHz in .05 GHz steps, is found to be:
-
- FREQ S11 S21 S12 S22
- in GHz in dB in dB in dB in dB
- 1.8 -0.07 -18.16 -18.16 -0.07
- 1.85 -0.36 -10.95 -10.95 -0.36
- 1.9 -2.97 -3.05 -3.05 -2.97
- 1.95 -17.63 -0.08 -0.08 -17.63
- 2 -153.3 0 0 -153.3
- 2.05 -17.63 -0.08 -0.08 -17.63
- 2.1 -2.97 -3.05 -3.05 -2.97
- 2.15 -0.36 -10.95 -10.95 -0.36
- 2.2 -0.07 -18.16 -18.16 -0.067
-
- Note that this is only one way of describing the filter.
- We could have chosen to use the EQU command as in the previous
- example, and simply make the third pair of coupled lines equal
- to the second, and the fourth equal to the first. This, how-
- ever, would have required three cascades per frequency, where-
- as we have obtained the same results here using only two.
- When execution time is important, little things like this can
- make a difference, particularly during optimization.
-
- C. DEVICE MODELLING
-
- Every once in a while, a device is encountered which is
- not characterized in any two-port parameters at all. A good
- example of this is the J309 J-FET, which we will be using in
- later examples. Before we use this device in any circuits,
-
-
-
-
- - 19 -