home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
Text File | 1991-02-25 | 63.1 KB | 2,412 lines |
- DATE
- FLUX Database. Updated: 25-Feb-91
- &&
- AUTHOR
- DX PacketCluster FLUX database by:
- Chuck Strobel, K6PBT
- P. O. Box 883
- Magalia, CA 95954-0883
-
- Please send updates, corrections or comments,
- to the above address or via:
- CompuServe 75056,644
- Prodigy DCGP94A
- PacketCluster DXPSN Node:W6GO
- DX-BBS (916) 992-0923
-
- Include date/version of database. Type SH/FLUX DATE.
- &&
- #LIS
- The SHow/FLUX command displays information on sunspot and solar flux data
- for the years 1920 to 1990. Included is a glossary of solar-terrestrial
- terms. Flux data from files by the American Sunspot Program. For current
- daily solar flux information, provided by local users from WWV, type SH/WWV.
-
- Flux data: SH/FLUX [year], example SH/FLUX 1976
- Term data: SH/FLUX [a-z], example SH/FLUX M
-
- Your updates and comments are welcomed. Type SH/FLUX AUTHOR for info.
- Database by: K6PBT Distributed by W6GO/K6HHD via DX-BBS and GODISK.
- &&
- #INSTALL
-
- PRIMARY SERVING NODE:
- ---------------------
- To install FLUX, load the following files into your PACKCLUS\DB directory:
-
- FLUX.LIS Shown to user if no argument used with SH/FLUX
- FLUX.FUL The database file
- FLUX.IDX The database index
- FLUX.PRE Shown to user before the specific request
- FLUX.NF Shown to user if requested information not found
- FLUX.AOK Shown to user if update is attempted
-
- NOTE: The database index may not always be included. If it is missing,
- you will need to perform the following using the MAKEIDX utility:
-
- MAKEIDX FLUX.FUL 1000
-
- Next, add the following lines to your SYSOP.DAT file:
-
- SET/COMMAND FLUX FLUX.LIS FLUX.FUL/FLUX.IDX FLUX.PRE * FLUX.NF
- SET/COMMAND/COMMENT FLUX Historical Solar Flux Data and Glossary
-
- If you did not shut down the node to install the database, type in the
- above two lines as SYSOP commands.
-
- After reviewing the DOC files, PBT_DB.DOC and FLUX.DOC, you may delete them
- from your database directory. You should store the database ZIP file in a
- save place.
-
- REMOTE NODE:
- ------------
- Other nodes may access the database from the SERVING node by adding lines
- to their SYSOP.DAT and/or typing in the lines as a command. If the callsign
- of the node where the database is installed is WB6EXC, then the other nodes
- would execute the following commands:
-
- SET/COMMAND FLUX * * * * * WB6EXC
- SET/COMMAND/COMMENT FLUX Historical Solar Flux Data and Glossary
-
- CLUSTER COMPANION:
- ------------------
- Users of Cluster Companion should install the database following the same
- procedure as PRIMARY SERVING NODE above, but observing the proper directory
- and callsign entries for that user.
-
- PCDB:
- -----
- Users of the PacketCluster Database Reader program should install the
- database files into the directory shown in the SET/DIRECTORY line of their
- SYSOP.DAT file. If no entry, install in same directory where PCDB resides.
- The following command in SYSOP.DAT should be entered:
-
- SET/COMMAND FLUX #LIS FLUX.FUL/FLUX.IDX #PRE * #NF
-
- An additional (optional) entry would be:
-
- SET/COMMAND/COMMENT FLUX Historical Solar Flux Data and Glossary
-
- DIFFICULTY:
- -----------
- Should any difficulty be experienced installing any database files, or you
- need more information, you may wish to read over Database Installation in
- your manual (or DOC file) with PacketCluster, Cluster Companion, or PCDB.
-
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
-
- Please read the file PBT_DB.DOC which is included with the FLUX.ZIP file.
- This file contains information on other databases, where and how you may
- obtain them.
-
- PacketCluster, Cluster Companion, and PacketCluster Database Reader (PCDB)
- are trademarks of Pavillion Software.
- &&
- #PRE
- * DX PacketCluster: Sunspot/Solar Flux & Glossary Reference *
- &&
- #NF
- FLUX information for %s was not found. Type SH/FLUX for info.
- &&
- #AOK
- !This database is read-only. Please type SH/FLUX AUTHOR for update info.
- &&
- 1920
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1920 is 37.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1920 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1920 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1921
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1921 is 26.1
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1921 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1921 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1922
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1922 is 14.2
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1923 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1922 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1923
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1923 is 5.8
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1924 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1923 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1924
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1924 is 16.7
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1924 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1924 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1925
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1925 is 44.3
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1925 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1925 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1926
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1926 is 63.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1926 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1926 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1927
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1927 is 69.0
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1927 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1927 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1928
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1928 is 77.8
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1928 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1928 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1929
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1929 is 64.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1929 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1929 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1930
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1930 is 35.7
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1930 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1930 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1931
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1931 is 21.2
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1931 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1931 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1932
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1932 is 11.1
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1932 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1932 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1933
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1933 is 5.7
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1933 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1933 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1934
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1934 is 8.7
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1934 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1934 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1935
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1935 is 36.1
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1935 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1935 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1936
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1936 is 79.7
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1936 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1936 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1937
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1937 is 114.4
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1937 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1937 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1938
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1938 is 109.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1938 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1938 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1939
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1939 is 88.8
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1939 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1939 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1940
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1940 is 67.8
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1940 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1940 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1941
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1941 is 47.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1941 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1941 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1942
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1942 is 30.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1942 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1942 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1943
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1943 is 16.3
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1943 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1943 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1944
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1944 is 9.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1944 are:
- *** not available ***
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1944 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1945
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1945 is 33.2
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1945 are:
- 18.5 11.8 19.7 31.6 26.6 37.3 37.4 24.6 34.0 71.3 46.3 28.4
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1945 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1946
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1946 is 92.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1946 are:
- 55.2 92.0 87.5 81.0 83.5 79.6 115.1 112.7 115.7 112.7 136.2 127.4
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1946 are:
- *** not available ***
-
- &&
- 1947
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1947 is 151.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1947 are:
- 128.2 145.5 153.0 161.0 224.2 166.3 166.6 216.4 195.0 191.7 155.0 148.3
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1947 are:
- 163.0 198.3 233.5 265.8 267.1 233.8 222.3 237.1 201.9 207.7 175.8 171.0
-
- &&
- 1948
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1948 is 136.3
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1948 are:
- 130.1 107.3 103.8 222.5 194.8 203.6 184.3 205.0 174.6 166.3 129.9 177.1
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1948 are:
- 150.7 131.0 134.1 209.7 231.4 201.8 188.7 177.2 165.6 158.0 161.8 187.3
-
- &&
- 1949
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1949 is 134.7
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1949 are:
- 153.3 228.0 198.8 190.7 147.4 154.5 153.6 163.7 183.7 172.2 190.9 152.1
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1949 are:
- 177.7 214.8 201.8 183.8 158.3 162.5 165.1 179.5 174.4 177.2 176.5 160.1
-
- &&
- 1950
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1950 is 83.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1950 are:
- 125.8 117.4 134.6 139.5 129.8 99.3 104.7 106.8 65.4 77.1 72.8 71.2
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1950 are:
- 145.9 139.8 136.4 165.5 160.5 132.8 138.5 123.9 99.7 99.3 99.7 98.0
-
- &&
- 1951
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1951 is 69.4
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1951 are:
- 53.8 54.0 49.0 89.6 91.7 85.4 58.3 55.6 85.2 50.8 56.7 42.9
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1951 are:
- 104.5 99.4 101.5 128.0 172.5 166.9 120.2 112.5 119.1 105.3 102.1 99.2
-
- &&
- 1952
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1952 is 31.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1952 are:
- 38.6 21.8 23.3 27.3 22.2 36.0 39.4 53.2 26.1 22.5 22.5 33.5
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1952 are:
- 92.4 84.2 77.8 84.6 82.7 87.5 91.7 95.6 82.4 82.3 81.6 83.0
-
- &&
- 1953
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1953 is 13.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1953 are:
- 26.6 4.0 7.9 24.8 10.9 19.6 6.4 23.1 15.7 7.2 1.7 1.6
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1953 are:
- 80.5 71.1 69.7 81.6 74.1 75.3 72.1 77.4 75.1 71.5 69.8 68.6
-
- &&
- 1954
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1954 is 4.4
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1954 are:
- 0.1 0.3 8.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 2.1 8.1 0.3 4.7 8.0 7.7
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1954 are:
- 66.5 67.5 71.1 69.2 69.5 69.4 70.0 71.6 70.9 72.7 71.0 73.1
-
- &&
- 1955
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1955 is 38.0
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1955 are:
- 23.3 22.6 4.7 9.7 24.7 23.4 23.2 36.8 40.7 56.5 82.0 67.5
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1955 are:
- 81.6 80.0 74.0 77.9 84.7 91.7 90.2 93.0 96.1 111.0 127.2 130.4
-
- &&
- 1956
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1956 is 141.7
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1956 are:
- 67.2 106.4 105.9 102.4 117.3 106.0 117.9 155.7 159.5 139.9 173.1 159.8
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1956 are:
- 136.6 163.2 159.0 167.2 167.0 158.9 168.1 198.6 203.1 200.3 245.0 245.8
-
- &&
- 1957
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1957 is 190.2
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1957 are:
- 129.1 107.2 133.5 161.2 151.5 181.6 160.4 139.7 207.2 229.2 191.3 227.9
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1957 are:
- 223.8 182.2 195.8 201.4 213.2 260.2 225.2 207.3 269.9 281.2 253.5 277.5
-
- &&
- 1958
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1958 is 184.8
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1958 are:
- 199.2 141.9 187.0 179.7 171.9 152.1 178.2 192.0 198.4 165.9 126.7 172.5
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1958 are:
- 243.4 207.0 249.2 247.5 223.5 227.5 231.4 242.9 246.2 226.4 204.6 230.8
-
- &&
- 1959
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1959 is 159.0
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1959 are:
- 199.3 118.9 158.3 150.4 139.6 150.7 141.6 179.8 136.4 112.7 122.3 129.9
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1959 are:
- 265.7 202.8 227.0 212.1 217.5 224.4 209.7 240.0 196.5 164.2 180.7 176.6
-
- &&
- 1960
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1960 is 112.3
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1960 are:
- 146.1 103.3 93.0 110.9 104.1 99.2 107.6 120.0 114.8 72.7 78.8 74.8
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1960 are:
- 196.1 166.6 145.3 168.7 166.3 167.0 169.3 178.8 166.3 141.4 145.7 133.8
-
- &&
- 1961
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1961 is 53.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1961 are:
- 46.3 36.5 46.3 57.7 40.9 65.3 59.8 42.0 51.4 28.8 27.2 34.0
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1961 are:
- 118.1 103.8 103.8 105.8 101.6 113.4 120.3 108.9 114.0 96.1 88.3 91.9
-
- &&
- 1962
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1962 is 37.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1962 are:
- 29.7 41.2 34.0 38.7 34.8 32.5 15.6 14.8 41.4 34.8 22.6 17.6
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1962 are:
- 91.9 99.7 99.4 96.9 100.1 93.9 83.3 79.3 90.5 87.2 83.0 79.4
-
- &&
- 1963
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1963 is 27.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1963 are:
- 14.7 19.1 12.8 23.9 36.8 29.4 15.7 26.7 31.2 28.4 19.2 8.2
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1963 are:
- 77.0 77.8 77.1 80.0 89.7 86.2 78.4 83.0 86.0 84.5 79.9 76.0
-
- &&
- 1964
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1964 is 10.2
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1964 are:
- 11.6 14.4 11.1 4.8 6.8 6.1 2.2 7.8 2.1 3.7 5.3 13.4
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1964 are:
- 73.0 75.0 75.1 73.1 71.0 71.2 69.2 71.1 70.9 72.9 72.1 76.4
-
- &&
- 1965
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1965 is 15.1
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1965 are:
- 15.6 13.3 9.1 6.4 17.7 11.4 7.7 4.5 15.0 15.6 14.2 14.3
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1965 are:
- 76.1 73.4 73.4 72.6 80.0 79.4 76.8 76.6 77.4 79.7 76.0 75.2
-
- &&
- 1966
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1966 is 47.0
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1966 are:
- 20.9 22.8 19.4 34.6 30.5 36.6 47.2 46.1 40.9 50.6 50.0 64.3
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1966 are:
- 85.1 82.1 89.4 97.8 100.8 99.4 110.2 109.2 112.0 107.9 110.8 120.7
-
- &&
- 1967
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1967 is 93.8
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1967 are:
- 101.4 85.6 105.0 61.9 87.2 62.3 82.4 96.7 68.5 84.2 82.6 117.2
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1967 are:
- 143.0 143.4 159.0 130.8 146.3 124.0 144.9 157.6 133.5 135.1 142.1 157.9
-
- &&
- 1968
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1968 is 105.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1968 are:
- 113.5 99.2 80.6 67.0 124.3 101.8 90.2 99.5 113.0 99.4 79.0 102.4
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1968 are:
- 183.1 168.9 141.2 130.4 158.4 146.8 141.7 145.7 142.5 151.4 135.5 143.8
-
- &&
- 1969
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1969 is 105.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1969 are:
- 103.5 113.3 134.0 102.4 120.9 105.5 92.5 96.3 88.9 96.4 94.7 106.7
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1969 are:
- 147.8 151.5 170.6 156.5 148.7 167.3 141.1 146.6 138.7 152.9 153.2 139.1
-
- &&
- 1970
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1970 is 104.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1970 are:
- 113.7 132.2 98.3 104.1 124.3 101.3 114.0 98.1 106.6 98.1 107.5 90.4
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1970 are:
- 153.2 171.2 156.8 163.1 172.2 159.9 157.0 141.6 144.8 147.3 158.5 148.0
-
- &&
- 1971
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1971 is 66.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1971 are:
- 90.8 77.8 61.1 74.9 54.6 44.9 83.0 60.2 50.3 52.3 64.9 83.0
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1971 are:
- 157.4 134.4 110.8 117.5 112.4 104.9 121.2 116.9 105.1 106.4 111.5 120.7
-
- &&
- 1972
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1972 is 68.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1972 are:
- 60.9 87.0 80.8 62.7 75.7 81.7 74.5 73.8 66.2 63.0 39.4 42.3
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1972 are:
- 111.1 138.4 127.1 113.7 132.5 139.7 126.0 128.9 114.9 120.2 99.4 99.7
-
- &&
- 1973
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1973 is 38.0
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1973 are:
- 38.8 40.5 44.9 56.4 39.5 37.9 20.8 25.5 61.3 30.0 24.2 20.5
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1973 are:
- 99.0 96.3 99.4 105.8 99.1 94.2 87.2 84.9 106.8 87.1 79.7 81.5
-
- &&
- 1974
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1974 is 34.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1974 are:
- 27.4 25.2 19.1 36.6 36.7 32.6 50.0 32.7 39.6 48.4 21.3 18.5
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1974 are:
- 80.4 78.9 78.4 86.7 92.6 89.0 95.5 85.1 88.7 97.1 88.3 78.6
-
- &&
- 1975
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1975 is 15.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1975 are:
- 16.7 11.2 10.3 4.0 7.3 10.3 28.5 39.1 11.9 8.1 18.8 6.6
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1975 are:
- 75.0 72.4 71.7 71.2 71.6 71.9 79.7 92.7 80.4 75.3 79.1 72.3
-
- &&
- 1976
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1976 is 12.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1976 are:
- 8.3 3.8 21.1 16.9 11.2 10.9 1.4 13.7 12.8 19.1 4.3 15.5
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1976 are:
- 72.4 68.8 75.9 76.8 72.2 72.8 69.8 76.6 73.9 75.4 71.3 74.3
-
- &&
- 1977
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1977 is 27.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1977 are:
- 15.5 23.0 8.0 10.7 16.0 34.4 18.3 27.6 41.9 45.5 28.4 42.8
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1977 are:
- 74.9 80.3 75.8 78.2 81.4 94.5 83.7 86.4 100.9 96.3 91.6 98.9
-
- &&
- 1978
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1978 is 92.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1978 are:
- 48.8 90.9 73.9 97.5 79.6 88.0 58.1 48.1 128.1 116.0 92.8 121.0
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1978 are:
- 106.1 141.8 140.3 150.5 149.7 146.8 135.4 116.9 159.6 157.1 148.2 170.0
-
- &&
- 1979
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1979 is 155.4
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1979 are:
- 164.4 136.8 132.5 95.8 121.8 136.4 140.5 125.1 184.0 178.2 176.5 157.6
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1979 are:
- 196.5 199.1 184.0 175.0 168.9 186.0 171.4 177.0 202.3 216.4 226.8 197.2
-
- &&
- 1980
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1980 is 154.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1980 are:
- 146.7 131.0 111.0 148.7 176.5 158.8 144.7 134.5 151.4 163.0 155.6 166.9
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1980 are:
- 199.6 195.1 166.5 209.3 229.1 199.3 190.8 170.3 185.9 202.9 213.4 218.8
-
- &&
- 1981
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1981 is 140.5
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1981 are:
- 115.4 143.7 149.2 169.2 141.3 99.0 154.3 170.4 174.5 157.0 138.8 145.0
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1981 are:
- 169.0 199.5 203.2 224.7 198.9 161.9 198.2 226.0 221.9 222.8 203.3 201.4
-
- &&
- 1982
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1982 is 115.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1982 are:
- 110.4 161.0 155.5 121.9 82.6 113.5 103.5 110.5 117.8 90.1 93.2 121.7
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1982 are:
- 173.4 208.9 208.3 162.9 147.9 177.4 164.8 172.1 167.1 160.9 163.7 193.2
-
- &&
- 1983
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1983 is 66.6
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1983 are:
- 82.8 53.4 60.5 74.5 97.7 93.1 82.2 69.2 47.4 52.3 30.2 32.3
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1983 are:
- 137.7 119.6 117.3 119.9 140.2 143.0 129.1 127.5 99.2 111.8 90.4 90.5
-
- &&
- 1984
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1984 is 45.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1984 are:
- 54.4 81.5 83.0 66.5 72.1 45.2 36.2 24.5 13.6 9.8 19.4 17.0
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1984 are:
- 112.4 137.2 120.8 129.7 131.1 103.5 92.2 85.8 78.9 73.1 74.6 73.5
-
- &&
- 1985
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1985 is 17.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1985 are:
- 14.5 16.3 11.8 17.1 24.0 22.2 30.8 10.7 3.4 16.5 16.4 10.1
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1985 are:
- 72.1 71.9 72.5 75.7 82.0 78.5 81.3 73.3 70.2 74.2 72.6 72.4
-
- &&
- 1986
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1986 is 11.0
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1986 are:
- 2.3 23.8 12.5 13.8 11.6 0.8 17.7 7.6 3.5 19.8 14.4 5.1
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1986 are:
- 70.9 81.5 76.2 75.6 74.2 69.7 72.5 70.1 69.4 82.4 75.5 70.4
-
- &&
- 1987
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1987 is 29.0
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1987 are:
- 9.4 3.0 13.3 39.4 30.7 18.0 34.3 39.0 34.0 55.8 42.5 26.7
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1987 are:
- 70.2 69.8 73.3 85.5 89.8 80.4 87.0 92.2 87.0 97.4 99.0 91.5
-
- &&
- 1988
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1988 is 100.9
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1988 are:
- 56.8 39.1 77.5 90.9 64.7 106.4 108.7 111.2 122.2 126.0 125.3 179.2
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1988 are:
- 104.6 102.4 113.8 123.6 117.9 143.8 157.6 158.0 154.1 168.7 152.8 193.5
-
- &&
- 1989
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1989 is 162.4
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1989 are:
- 159.1 163.9 139.8 131.6 156.4 217.5 133.8 173.5 177.6 161.0 172.9 161.6
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1989 are:
- 227.8 217.0 203.0 190.9 194.4 247.2 187.8 222.5 228.4 207.4 230.0 206.3
-
- &&
- 1990
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1990 is 145.1
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1990 are:
- 177.6 134.6 145.0 144.3 132.5 112.8 143.2 193.5 125.6 158.1 133.6 145.9
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1990 are:
- 203.4 174.1 187.0 186.6 194.0 176.3 186.6 228.1 179.3 180.9 180.3 ***.*
-
- &&
- 1991
-
- Relative sunspot number for 1991 is 140.7 (Year-to-date)
- Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1991 are:
- 140.7 ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.*
- Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2000 MHz for 1991 are:
- ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.*
-
- &&
- A
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: AA a INDEX
- Key: AB A INDEX
- Key: AC ACTIVE
- Key: AD ACTIVE DARK FILAMENT (ADF)
- Key: AE ACTIVE LONGITUDE
- Key: AF ACTIVE PROMINENCE
- Key: AG ACTIVE PROMINENCE REGION (APR)
- Key: AH ACTIVE REGION (AR)
- Key: AI ACTIVE SURGE REGION (ASR)
- Key: AJ AFRED
- Key: AK ANGSTROM
- Key: AL Ap INDEX
- Key: AM ARCH FILAMENT SYSTEM (AFS)
- Key: AN ASTRONOMICAL UNIT (AU)
- Key: AO AURORA
- Key: AP AURORAL OVAL
- Key: AQ AUTUMNAL EQUINOX
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- B
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: BA BARTEL'S ROTATION NUMBER
- Key: BB BRIGHT SURGE ON THE DISK (BSD)
- Key: BC BRIGHT SURGE ON THE LIMB (BSL)
- Key: BD BURST
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- C
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: CA CARRINGTON LONGITUDE
- Key: CB CENTIMETER BURST
- Key: CC CENTRAL MERIDIAN DISTANCE (CMD)
- Key: CD CENTRAL MERIDIAN PASSAGE (CMP)
- Key: CE CHROMOSPHERE
- Key: CF CONJUGATE POINTS
- Key: CG CONTINUUM STORM (CTM)
- Key: CH COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME
- Key: CI CORONA
- Key: CJ CORONAL HOLE
- Key: CK CORONAL RAIN (CRN)
- Key: CL CORONAL TRANSIENTS
- Key: CM COSMIC RAY
- Key: CN CROCHET
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- D
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: DA D REGION
- Key: DB DARK SURGE ON DISK (DSD)
- Key: DC DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION
- Key: DD DISAPPEARING SOLAR FILAMENT (DSF)
- Key: DE DISK
- Key: DF Dst INDEX
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- E
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: EA E REGION
- Key: EB EMERGING FLUX REGION (EFR)
- Key: EC EQUINOX
- Key: ED ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE ON LIMB (EPL)
- Key: EE EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY (ELF)
- Key: EF EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV)
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- F
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: FA F CORONA
- Key: FB F REGION
- Key: FC FACULA
- Key: FD FIBRIL
- Key: FE FILAMENT
- Key: FF FILAMENT CHANNEL
- Key: FG FLARE
- Key: FH fMIN
- Key: FI foEs
- Key: FJ foF2
- Key: FK FORBUSH DECREASE
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- G
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: GA GAMMA
- Key: GB GAMMA RAYS
- Key: GC GAUSS
- Key: GD GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS
- Key: GE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD
- Key: GF GEOMAGNETIC STORM
- Key: GF1 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Minor
- Key: GF2 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Major
- Key: GF3 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Severe
- Key: GF4 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Initial Phase
- Key: GF5 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Main Phase
- Key: GF6 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Recovery Phase
- Key: GG GEOSYNCHRONOUS
- Key: GH GRADUAL COMMENCEMENT
- Key: GI GRANULATION
- Key: GJ GREEN LINE
- Key: GK GREENWICH MEAN TIME (GMT)
- Key: GL GROUND-LEVEL EVENT (GLE)
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- H
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: HA H-ALPHA
- Key: HB H-component of the Geomagnetic Field
- Key: HC HIGH FREQUENCY (HF)
- Key: HD HIGH LATITUDES
- Key: HE HIGH-SPEED STREAM
- Key: HF HOMOLOGOUS FLARES
- Key: HG HYDER FLARE
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- I
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: IA INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD (IMF)
- Key: IB IONOSPHERE
- Key: IC IONOSPHERIC STORM
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- J
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- There are no J listings.
- Type SH/FLUX a-z
-
- &&
- K
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: KA K CORONA
- Key: KB K INDEX
- Key: KC KELVIN
- Key: KD Kp INDEX
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- L
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: LA LEADER SPOT
- Key: LB LIGHT BRIDGE
- Key: LC LIMB
- Key: LD LIMB FLARE
- Key: LE LOOP PROMINENCE SYSTEM (LPS)
- Key: LF LOW FREQUENCY (LF)
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- M
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: MA M 3000
- Key: MB MAGNETIC BAY
- Key: MC MAGNETOGRAM
- Key: MD MAGNETOPAUSE
- Key: ME MAGNETOSPHERE
- Key: MF MeV
- Key: MG MEDIUM FREQUENCY (MF)
- Key: MH MICROWAVE BURST
- Key: MI MIDDLE LATITUDES
- Key: MJ MOUNT WILSON MAGNETIC CLASSIFICATIONS
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- N
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: NA NANOTESLA (nT)
- Key: NB NEUTRAL LINE
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- O
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- There are no O listings.
- Type SH/FLUX a-z
-
- &&
- P
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: PA PENUMBRA
- Key: PB PERSISTENCE
- Key: PC PHOTOSPHERE
- Key: PD PLAGE
- Key: PE PLAGE CORRIDOR
- Key: PF PLASMA
- Key: PG POLAR CAP ABSORPTION (PCA)
- Key: PH POST-FLARE LOOPS
- Key: PI PROMINENCE
- Key: PJ PROTON EVENT
- Key: PK PROTON FLARE
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- Q
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: QA QUIESCENT PROMINENCE (FILAMENT)
- Key: QB QUIET
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- R
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: RA RADIO EMISSION
- Key: RA1 RADIO EMISSION Type I
- Key: RA2 RADIO EMISSION Type II
- Key: RA3 RADIO EMISSION Type III
- Key: RA4 RADIO EMISSION Type IV
- Key: RB RECURRENCE
- Key: RC RIOMETER (Relative Ionospheric Opacity meter)
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- S
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: SA SECTOR BOUNDARY
- Key: SB SHORT WAVE FADE (SWF)
- Key: SC SMOOTHED SUNSPOT NUMBER
- Key: SD SOLAR COORDINATES
- Key: SE SOLAR CYCLE
- Key: SF SOLAR FLUX INDEX (SFI)
- Key: SG SOLAR MAXIMUM
- Key: SH SOLAR MINIMUM
- Key: SI SOLAR SECTOR BOUNDARY (SSB)
- Key: SJ SOLAR WIND
- Key: SK SPORADIC E
- Key: SL STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SSC)
- Key: SM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SC)
- Key: SN SUDDEN IMPULSE (SI+ or SI-)
- Key: SO SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE (SID)
- Key: SP SUNSPOT
- Key: SQ SUNSPOT GROUP CLASSIFICATION
- Key: SR SUNSPOT NUMBER
- Key: SS SURGE
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- T
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: TA TWO-RIBBON FLARE
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- U
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: UA U BURST
- Key: UB ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY (UHF)
- Key: UC UMBRA
- Key: UD UNIVERSAL TIME (UT)
- Key: UE UNSETTLED
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- V
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: VA VERNAL EQUINOX
- Key: VB VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (VHF)
- Key: VC VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF)
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- W
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: WA WHITE LIGHT (WL)
- Key: WB WHITE LIGHT FLARE
- Key: WC WOLF NUMBER
- Key: WD WWV
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- X
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: XA X-RAY BACKGROUND
- Key: XB X-RAY BURST
- Key: XC X-RAY FLARE CLASS (B, C, M, X)
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- Y
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- There are no Y listings.
- Type SH/FLUX a-z
-
- &&
- Z
-
- Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
- -------------------------------------
- Key: ZA ZURICH SUNSPOT CLASSIFICATION
-
- Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
-
- &&
- AA
-
- a INDEX
- A 3-hourly "equivalent amplitude" index of local geomagnetic activity
- as reported on WWV. It is an indicator of long term variations in the
- geomagnetic field. See Keys AB and KB.
-
- The "a" is related to the 3-hourly K INDEX according to the following
- scale:
-
- K 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- a 0 4 7 15 27 48 80 140 240 400
-
- &&
- AB
-
- A INDEX
- A daily index of geomagnetic activity derived as the average of
- the eight 3-hourly a indices. See Key(s) AA.
-
- The following is a description of the numbers as they relate to
- conditions of the geomagnetic field:
-
- 0 to 7 = Geomagnetic field quiet, excellent polar path condition
- 7 to 15 = Geomagnetic field unsettled. Good useable conditions,
- possibly deteriorating.
- 15 to 30 = Geomagnetic field active, probably heralding a storm.
- Poor conditions over the poles.
- 30 to 50 = Minor geomagnetic storm. No polar paths open.
- Over 50 = Major geomagnetic storm. No polar paths open, other
- paths noticeably deteriorated.
-
- &&
- AC
-
- ACTIVE
- Geomagnetic levels such that 15 <= Ap < 30.
-
- &&
- AD
-
- ACTIVE DARK FILAMENT (ADF)
- An ACTIVE PROMINENCE seen on the DISK. See Key(s) AF and DE.
-
- &&
- AE
-
- ACTIVE LONGITUDE
- The approximate center of a range of heliographic longitudes
- in which ACTIVE REGIONS are more numerous and more FLARE-active
- than the average. See Key(s) AH and FG.
-
- &&
- AF
-
- ACTIVE PROMINENCE
- A PROMINENCE displaying material motion and changes in appearance
- over a few minutes of time. See Key(s) PI.
-
- &&
- AG
-
- ACTIVE PROMINENCE REGION (APR)
- A portion of the solar LIMB displaying ACTIVE PROMINENCEs.
- See Key(s) AF and LC.
-
- &&
- AH
-
- ACTIVE REGION (AR)
- A localized, transient volume of the solar atmosphere in which
- PLAGEs, SUNSPOTS, FACULAe, FLAREs, etc. may be observed.
- See Key(s) FC, FG, PD, and SP.
-
- &&
- AI
-
- ACTIVE SURGE REGION (ASR)
- An ACTIVE REGION that exhibits a group or series of spike-like
- surges that rise above the limb. See Key(s) AH.
-
- &&
- AJ
-
- AFRED
- Abbreviation for the A INDEX for Fredericksburg. See Key(s) AB.
-
- &&
- AK
-
- ANGSTROM
- A unit used in measuring the length of light waves (1.0E-08cm).
-
- &&
- AL
-
- Ap INDEX
- An averaged planetary A INDEX based on data from a set of specific
- stations. See Key(s) AB.
-
- &&
- AM
-
- ARCH FILAMENT SYSTEM (AFS)
- A bright, compact PLAGE crossed by a system of small, arched FILAMENTS,
- which is often a sign of rapid or continued growth in an ACTIVE REGION.
- See Key(s) AH, FE, and PD.
-
- &&
- AN
-
- ASTRONOMICAL UNIT (AU)
- The mean earth-sun distance, equal to 1.496E+13cm or 214.94 solar radii.
-
- &&
- AO
-
- AURORA
- A faint visual phenomenon associated with geomagnetic activity,
- which occurs mainly in the high-latitude night sky. Typical auroras
- are 100 to 250 km above the ground.
-
- &&
- AP
-
- AURORAL OVAL
- An oval band around each geomagnetic pole which is the locus
- of structured AURORAe. See Key(s) AO.
-
- &&
- AQ
-
- AUTUMNAL EQUINOX
- In the Northern Hemisphere the EQUINOX that occurs about September 22nd.
- See Key(s) EC.
-
- &&
- BA
-
- BARTEL'S ROTATION NUMBER
- The serial number assigned to 27-day rotation periods of solar
- and geophysical parameters. Rotation 1 in this sequence was assigned
- arbitrarily by Bartel to begin in January 1833.
-
- &&
- BB
-
- BRIGHT SURGE ON THE DISK (BSD)
- A bright gaseous stream (SURGE) emanating from the CHROMOSPHERE.
- See Key(s) CE and SS.
-
- &&
- BC
-
- BRIGHT SURGE ON THE LIMB (BSL)
- A large gaseous stream (SURGE) that moves outward more than 0.15
- solar radius above the LIMB. See Key(s) LC and SS.
-
- &&
- BD
-
- BURST
- A transient enhancement of the solar RADIO EMISSION, usually
- associated with an ACTIVE REGION or FLARE. See Key(s) AH, FG, and RA.
-
- &&
- CA
-
- CARRINGTON LONGITUDE
- A system of fixed longitudes rotating with the sun.
-
- &&
- CB
-
- CENTIMETER BURST
- A solar radio burst in the centimeter wavelength range.
-
- &&
- CC
-
- CENTRAL MERIDIAN DISTANCE (CMD)
- The angular distance in solar longitude measured from the central meridian.
-
- &&
- CD
-
- CENTRAL MERIDIAN PASSAGE (CMP)
- The passage of an ACTIVE REGION or other feature across the longitude
- meridian that passes through the apparent center of the solar DISK.
- See Key(s) AH and DE.
-
- &&
- CE
-
- CHROMOSPHERE
- The layer of the solar atmosphere above the PHOTOSPHERE and beneath
- the transition region and the CORONA. See Key(s) CI and PC.
-
- &&
- CF
-
- CONJUGATE POINTS
- Two points on the earth's surface, at opposite ends of a geomagnetic
- field line.
-
- &&
- CG
-
- CONTINUUM STORM (CTM)
- General term for solar noise lasting for hours and sometimes days.
-
- &&
- CH
-
- COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME
- By international agreement, the local time at the prime meridian,
- which passes through Greenwich, England. Therefore, it is also known
- as Greenwich Mean Time, or sometimes simply Universal Time.
-
- &&
- CI
-
- CORONA
- The outermost layer of the solar atmosphere, characterized by low
- densities (<1.0E+09/cc) and high temperatures (>1,0E+06deg.K).
-
- &&
- CJ
-
- CORONAL HOLE
- An extended region of the CORONA, exceptionally low in density
- and associated with unipolar photospheric regions. See Key(s) CI.
-
- &&
- CK
-
- CORONAL RAIN (CRN)
- Material condensing in the CORONA and appearing to rain down into
- the CHROMOSPHERE as observed in H-ALPHA at the solar LIMB above
- strong SUNSPOTS. See Key(s) CE, CI, HA, LC, and SP.
-
- &&
- CL
-
- CORONAL TRANSIENTS
- A general term for short-time-scale changes in the CORONA, but
- principally used to describe outward-moving PLASMA clouds.
- See Key(s) CI and PF.
-
- &&
- CM
-
- COSMIC RAY
- An extremely energetic (relativistic) charged particle.
-
- &&
- CN
-
- CROCHET
- A sudden deviation in the sunlit geomagnetic field (H component;
- see GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS) associated with large solar FLARE X-ray
- emission. See Key(s) FG and GD.
-
- &&
- DA
-
- D REGION
- A daytime layer of the earth's IONOSPHERE approximately 50 to
- 90 km in altitude. See Key(s) IB.
-
- &&
- DB
-
- DARK SURGE ON DISK (DSD)
- Dark gaseous ejections visible in H-ALPHA. See Key(s) HA.
-
- &&
- DC
-
- DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION
- The change in solar rotation rate with latitude. Low latitudes
- rotate at a faster angular rate (approx. 14 degrees per day)
- than do high latitudes (approx. 12 degrees per day).
-
- &&
- DD
-
- DISAPPEARING SOLAR FILAMENT (DSF)
- The sudden (timescale of minutes to hours) disappearance of
- a solar FILAMENT (PROMINENCE). See Key(s) FE and PI.
-
- &&
- DE
-
- DISK
- The visible surface of the sun (or any heavenly body) projected
- against the sky.
-
- &&
- DF
-
- Dst INDEX
- A geomagnetic index describing variations in the equatorial ring
- current.
-
- &&
- EA
-
- E REGION
- A daytime layer of the earth's ionosphere roughly between the
- altitudes of 85 and 140 km.
-
- &&
- EB
-
- EMERGING FLUX REGION (EFR)
- An area on the sun where new magnetic flux is erupting.
-
- &&
- EC
-
- EQUINOX
- The time when the sun crosses the equator, making night and day
- of equal length in all parts of the earth. See Key(s) AQ and VA.
-
- &&
- ED
-
- ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE ON LIMB (EPL)
- A solar PROMINENCE that becomes activated and is seen to ascend
- from the sun. See Key(s) PI.
-
- &&
- EE
-
- EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY (ELF)
- That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 30 to 3000 hertz.
-
- &&
- EF
-
- EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV)
- A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from approximately
- 100 to 1000 angstroms.
-
- &&
- FA
-
- F CORONA
- Of the white-light CORONA (that is, the corona seen by the eye at
- a total solar eclipse), that portion which is caused by sunlight
- scattered or reflected by solid particles (dust) in inter-planetary space.
- See Key(s) CI.
-
- &&
- FB
-
- F REGION
- The upper layer of the IONOSPHERE, approximately 120 to 1500 km
- in altitude. The F region is subdivided into the F1 and F2
- regions. The F2 region is the most dense and peaks at altitudes
- between 200 and 600 km. The F1 region is a smaller peak in
- electron density, which forms at lower altitudes in the daytime.
- See Key(s) IB.
-
- &&
- FC
-
- FACULA
- A bright region of the PHOTOSPHERE seen in white light, seldom
- visible except near the solar LIMB. See Key(s) LC and PC.
- &&
- FD
-
- FIBRIL
- A linear pattern in the H-ALPHA CHROMOSPHERE of the sun, as seen
- through an H-alpha filter, occurring near strong SUNSPOTS and
- PLAGE or in FILAMENT channels. See Key(s) FE, HA, PD, and SP.
-
- &&
- FE
-
- FILAMENT
- A mass of gas suspended over the PHOTOSPHERE by magnetic fields
- and seen as dark lines threaded over the solar DISK. A filament
- on the LIMB of the sun seen in emission against the dark sky is
- called a PROMINENCE. See Key(s) DE, PC, and PI.
-
- &&
- FF
-
- FILAMENT CHANNEL
- A broad pattern of FIBRILS in the CHROMOSPHERE, marking where a
- FILAMENT may soon form or where a filament recently disappeared.
- See Key(s) CE, FD, and FE.
-
- &&
- FG
-
- FLARE
- A sudden eruption of energy on the solar DISK lasting minutes to
- hours, from which radiation and particles are emitted. See Key(s) DE.
-
- &&
- FH
-
- fMIN
- The lowest radiowave frequency that can be reflected from the IONOSPHERE.
- See Key(s) IB.
-
- &&
- FI
-
- foEs
- The maximum ordinary mode radiowave frequency capable of reflection
- from the SPORADIC E region of the IONOSPHERE. See Key(s) IB and SK.
-
- &&
- FJ
-
- foF2
- The maximum ordinary mode radiowave frequency capable of reflection
- from the F2 REGION of the IONOSPHERE. See Key(s) FB and IB.
-
- &&
- FK
-
- FORBUSH DECREASE
- An abrupt decrease, of at least 10%, of the background galactic
- COSMIC RAY intensity as observed by neutron monitors. See Key(s) CM.
-
- &&
- GA
-
- GAMMA
- A unit of magnetic field intensity equal to 1 x 10.0E-05 GAUSS,
- also equal to 1 NANOTESLA. See Key(s) GC and NA.
-
- &&
- GB
-
- GAMMA RAYS
- High energy radiation (energies in excess of 100 keV) observed
- during large, extremely energetic solar FLARES. See Key(s) FG.
-
- &&
- GC
-
- GAUSS
- The unit of magnetic induction in the cgs (centimeter-gram-second)
- system.
-
- &&
- GD
-
- GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS
- The components of the geomagnetic field at the surface of the earth.
- In SESC use, the northward and eastward components are often called
- the H and D components, where the D component is expressed in gammas
- and is derived from D (the declination angle) using the small angle
- approximation.
-
- &&
- GE
-
- GEOMAGNETIC FIELD
- The magnetic fiebserved in and around the earth. The intensity of
- the magnetic field at the earth's surface is approximately 0.32 gauss
- at the equator and 0.62 gauss at the north pole.
-
- &&
- GF
-
- GEOMAGNETIC STORM
- A worldwide disturbance of the earth's magnetic field, distinct
- from regular diurnal variations.
-
- &&
- GF1
-
- GEOMAGNETIC STORM Minor Geomagnetic Storm
- A storm for which the Ap index was greater than 29 and less than 50.
- See Key(s) AB.
-
- &&
- GF2
-
- GEOMAGNETIC STORM Major Geomagnetic Storm
- A storm for which the Ap index was greater than 49 and less than 100.
- See Key(s) AB.
-
- &&
- GF3
-
- GEOMAGNETIC STORM Severe Geomagnetic Storm
- A storm for which the Ap index was 100 or more.
- See Key(s) AB.
-
- &&
- GF4
-
- GEOMAGNETIC STORM Initial Phase
- Of a geomagnetic storm, that period when there may be an increase
- of the middle-latitude horizontal intensity (H).
-
- &&
- GF5
-
- GEOMAGNETIC STORM Main Phase
- Of a geomagnetic storm, that period when the horizontal magnetic
- field at middle latitudes is generally decreasing.
-
- &&
- GF6
-
- GEOMAGNETIC STORM Recovery Phase
- Of a geomagnetic storm, that period when the depressed northward
- field component returns to normal levels.
-
- &&
- GG
-
- GEOSYNCHRONOUS
- Term applied to any equatorial satellite with an orbital velocity
- equal to the rotational velocity of the earth. The net effect is
- that the satellite is virtually motionless with respect to an
- observer on the ground.
-
- &&
- GH
-
- GRADUAL COMMENCEMENT
- The commencement of a geomagnetic storm that has no well-defined onset.
-
- &&
- GI
-
- GRANULATION
- Cellular structure of the PHOTOSPHERE visible at high spatial resolution.
- See Key(s) PC.
-
- &&
- GJ
-
- GREEN LINE
- The green line is one of the strongest (and first-recognized)
- visible coronal lines. It identifies moderate temperature regions
- of the CORONA. See Key(s) CI.
-
- &&
- GK
-
- GREENWICH MEAN TIME (GMT)
- Same as COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME (UTC). See Key(s) CH.
-
- &&
- GL
-
- GROUND-LEVEL EVENT (GLE)
- A sharp increase in ground-level COSMIC RAY count to at least 10%
- above background, associated with solar protons of energies greater
- than 500 MeV. GLEs are relatively rare, occurring only a few times
- each SOLAR CYCLE. See Key(s) CM and SE.
-
- &&
- HA
-
- H-ALPHA
- This absorption line of neutral hydrogen falls in the red part of
- the visible spectrum and is convenient for solar observations.
- The H-alpha line is universally used for patrol observations of
- solar flares.
-
- &&
- HB
-
- H-component of the Geomagnetic Field
- Same as GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS. See Key(s) GD.
-
- &&
- HC
-
- HIGH FREQUENCY (HF)
- That portion of the radio frequency spectrum between between 3 and 30 MHz.
-
- &&
- HD
-
- HIGH LATITUDES
- With specific reference to zones of geomagnetic activity, "high latitudes"
- refers to 50o to 80o geomagnetic.
-
- &&
- HE
-
- HIGH-SPEED STREAM
- A feature of the SOLAR WIND having velocities that are about double
- average solar wind values. See Key(s) SJ.
-
- &&
- HF
-
- HOMOLOGOUS FLARES
- Solar flares that occur repetitively in the same ACTIVE REGION, with
- essentially the same position and with a common pattern of development.
- See Key(s) AH.
-
- &&
- HG
-
- HYDER FLARE
- A FILAMENT-associated TWO-RIBBON FLARE, often occurring in spotless
- regions. The flare presumably results from the impact on the
- CHROMOSPHERE of infalling FILAMENT material. See Key(s) CE, FE, and TA.
-
- &&
- IA
-
- INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD (IMF)
- The magnetic field carried with the SOLAR WIND. See Key(s) SJ.
-
- &&
- IB
-
- IONOSPHERE
- The region of the earth's upper atmosphere containing a small
- percentage of free electrons and ions produced by photoionization
- of the constituents of the atmosphere by solar ultraviolet radiation
- at very short wavelengths (<1000 angstroms). The ionosphere
- significantly influences radiowave propagation of frequencies
- less than about 30 MHz.
-
- &&
- IC
-
- IONOSPHERIC STORM
- A disturbance in the F REGION of the IONOSPHERE, which occurs in
- connection with geomagnetic activity. See Key(s) FB and IB.
-
- &&
- KA
-
- K CORONA
- Of the white-light CORONA (that is, the corona seen by the eye at
- a total solar eclipse), that portion which is caused by sunlight
- scattered by electrons in the hot outer atmosphere of the sun.
- See Key(s) CI.
-
- &&
- KB
-
- K INDEX
- A 3-hourly quasi-logarithmic local index of geomagnetic activity
- relative to an assumed quiet-day curve for the recording site.
- Range is from 0 to 9. The K index measures the deviation of the
- most disturbed horizontal component. The K index is sometimes
- corelated with the "a" index, although its variations are much less
- severe. The K index relates to the "a" index as follows:
-
- K 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- a 0 4 7 15 27 48 80 140 240 400
-
- The K index, being an absorption factor, applies principally to
- frequencies below 5 MHz.
-
- &&
- KC
-
- KELVIN
- A scale of thermodynamic temperature measured from absolute zero
- (-273.15 C). A unit of temperature on this scale; one kelvin
- equals one degree Celsius.
-
- &&
- KD
-
- Kp INDEX
- A 3-hourly planetary geomagnetic index of activity generated in
- Gottingen, Germany, based on the K INDEX from 12 or 13 stations
- distributed around the world. See Key(s) KB.
-
- &&
- LA
-
- LEADER SPOT
- In a magnetically bipolar or multipolar SUNSPOT group, the western
- part precedes and the main spot in that part is called the leader.
- See Key(s) SP.
-
- &&
- LB
-
- LIGHT BRIDGE
- Observed in white light, a bright tongue or streaks penetrating
- or crossing sunspot UMBRAe. The appearance of a light bridge
- is frequently a sign of impending region division or dissolution.
- See Key(s) UC.
-
- &&
- LC
-
- LIMB
- The edge of the solar DISK. See Key(s) DE.
-
- &&
- LD
-
- LIMB FLARE
- A solar FLARE seen at the edge (LIMB) of the sun. See Key(s) FG and LC.
-
- &&
- LE
-
- LOOP PROMINENCE SYSTEM (LPS)
- A system of loop prominences associated with major FLARES. See Key(s) FG.
-
- &&
- LF
-
- LOW FREQUENCY (LF)
- That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 30 to 300 kHz.
-
- &&
- MA
-
- M 3000
- The optimum HIGH FREQUENCY radio wave with a 3000 km range, which
- reflects only once from the IONOSPHERE (single hop transmission).
- See Key(s) HC and IB.
-
- &&
- MB
-
- MAGNETIC BAY
- A relatively smooth excursion of the H (horizontal) component
- (see GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS) of the geomagnetic field away from and
- returning to quiet levels. See Key(s) GD and HB.
-
- &&
- MC
-
- MAGNETOGRAM
- Solar magnetograms are a graphic representation of solar magnetic
- field strengths and polarity.
-
- &&
- MD
-
- MAGNETOPAUSE
- The boundary layer between the SOLAR WIND and the MAGNETOSPHERE.
- See Key(s) ME and SJ.
-
- &&
- ME
-
- MAGNETOSPHERE
- The magnetic cavity surrounding the earth, carved out of the passing
- SOLAR WIND by virtue of the GEOMAGNETIC FIELD, which prevents, or at
- least impedes, the direct entry of the solar wind PLASMA into the cavity.
- See Key(s) GD and SJ.
-
- &&
- MF
-
- MeV
- Mega (million) electronvolt. A unit of energy used to describe the
- total energy carried by a particle or photon.
-
- &&
- MG
-
- MEDIUM FREQUENCY (MF)
- That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 0.3 to 3 MHz.
-
- &&
- MH
-
- MICROWAVE BURST
- A radiowave signal associated with optical and/or X-ray flares.
-
- &&
- MI
-
- MIDDLE LATITUDES
- With specific reference to zones of geomagnetic activity,
- "middle latitudes" refers to 20 deg. to 50 deg. geomagnetic.
-
- &&
- MJ
-
- MOUNT WILSON MAGNETIC CLASSIFICATIONS
- Alpha - Denotes a unipolar sunspot group.
-
- Beta - A sunspot group having both positive and negative magnetic
- polarities, with a simple and distinct division between the polarities.
-
- Beta-Gamma - A sunspot group that is bipolar but in which no
- continuous line can be drawn separating spots of opposite polarities.
-
- Delta - A complex magnetic configuration of a solar sunspot group
- consisting of opposite polarity umbrae within the same penumbra.
-
- Gamma - A complex active region in which the positive and negative
- polarities are so irregularly distributed as to prevent classification
- as a bipolar group.
-
- &&
- MK
-
- NANOTESLA (nT)
- A unit of magnetism 10.0E-09 tesla, equivalent to a gamma (10.0E-05 gauss).
-
- &&
- ML
-
- NEUTRAL LINE
- The line that separates longitudinal magnetic fields of opposite polarity.
-
- &&
- PA
-
- PENUMBRA
- The SUNSPOT area that may surround the darker UMBRA or umbrae. It
- consists of linear bright and dark elements radial from the sunspot
- umbra. See Key(s) SP and UC.
-
- &&
- PB
-
- PERSISTENCE
- Continuation of existing conditions. When a physical parameter varies
- slowly, the best prediction is often persistence.
-
- &&
- PC
-
- PHOTOSPHERE
- The lowest layer of the solar atmosphere; corresponds to the
- solar surface viewed in WHITE LIGHT. SUNSPOTs and FACULAe are
- observed in the photosphere. See Key(s) FC, SP, and WA.
-
- &&
- PD
-
- PLAGE
- An extended emission feature of an ACTIVE REGION that exists from
- the emergence of the first magnetic flux until the widely scattered
- remnant magnetic fields merge with the background. See Key(s) AH.
-
- &&
- PE
-
- PLAGE CORRIDOR
- A space in chromospheric (see CHROMOSPHERE) PLAGE lacking plage
- intensity, coinciding with polarity inversion line. See Key(s) CE and PD.
-
- &&
- PF
-
- PLASMA
- Any ionized gas, that is, any gas containing ions and electrons.
-
- &&
- PG
-
- POLAR CAP ABSORPTION (PCA)
- An anomalous condition of the polar IONOSPHERE whereby HF and VHF
- (3 - 300 MHz) radiowaves are absorbed, and LF and VLF (3 - 300 kHz)
- radiowaves are reflected at lower altitudes than normal. In practice,
- the absorption is inferred from the proton flux at energies greater
- than 10 MeV, so that PCAs and PROTON EVENTs are simultaneous.
- Transpolar radio paths may still be disturbed for days, up to weeks,
- following the end of a proton event. See Key(s) IB.
-
- &&
- PH
-
- POST-FLARE LOOPS
- A LOOP PROMINENCE SYSTEM often seen after a major TWO-RIBBON FLARE,
- which bridges the ribbons. See Key(s) LE and TA.
-
- &&
- PI
-
- PROMINENCE
- A term identifying cloud-like features in the solar atmosphere.
- The features appear as bright structures in the CORONA above the
- solar LIMB and as dark FILAMENTs when seen projected against the
- solar DISK. See Key(s) CI, DE, FE, and LC
-
- &&
- PJ
-
- PROTON EVENT
- By definition, the measurement of at least 10 protons/sq.cm/sec/steradian
- at energies greater than 10 MeV.
-
- &&
- PK
-
- PROTON FLARE
- Any FLARE producing significant fluxes of greater-than-10 MeV protons
- in the vicinity of the earth. See Key(s) FG.
-
- &&
- QA
-
- QUIESCENT PROMINENCE (FILAMENT)
- Long, sheet-like prominences nearly vertical to the solar surface.
-
- &&
- QB
-
- QUIET
- A descriptive word specifically meaning geomagnetic levels such that
- Ap < 8 (see Ap INDEX). See Key(s) AL.
-
- &&
- RA
-
- RADIO EMISSION
- Emissions of the sun in radio wavelengths from centimeters to
- dekameters, under both quiet and disturbed conditions.
-
- &&
- RA1
-
- RADIO EMISSION Type I
- A noise storm composed of many short, narrow-band bursts in the
- metric range (300 - 50 MHz).
-
- &&
- RA2
-
- RADIO EMISSION Type II
- Narrow-band emission that begins in the meter range (300 MHz)
- and sweeps slowly (tens of minutes) toward dekameter wavelengths
- (10 MHz). Type II emissions occur in loose association with major
- flares and are indicative of a shock wave moving through the solar
- atmosphere.
-
- &&
- RA3
-
- RADIO EMISSION Type III
- Narrow-band bursts that sweep rapidly (seconds) from decimeter
- to dekameter wavelengths (500 - 0.5 MHz). They often occur in
- groups and are an occasional feature of complex solar ACTIVE REGIONs.
- See Key(s) AH.
-
- &&
- RA4
-
- RADIO EMISSION Type IV
- A smooth continuum of broad-band bursts primarily in the meter range
- (300 - 30 MHz). These bursts are associated with some major flare
- events beginning 10 to 20 minutes after the flare maximum, and can
- last for hours.
-
- &&
- RB
-
- RECURRENCE
- Used especially in reference to the recurrence of physical
- parameters every 27 days (the rotation period of the sun).
-
- &&
- RC
-
- RIOMETER (Relative Ionospheric Opacity meter)
- A specially designed radio receiver for continuous monitoring of
- cosmic noise. The absorption of cosmic noise in the polar regions
- is very sensitive to the solar low-energy cosmic ray flux.
-
- &&
- SA
-
- SECTOR BOUNDARY
- In the SOLAR WIND, the area of demarcation between sectors, which
- are large-scale features distinguished by the predominant direction
- of the interplanetary magnetic field, toward or away from the sun.
- See Key(s) SJ.
-
- &&
- SB
-
- SHORT WAVE FADE (SWF)
- A particular ionospheric solar flare effect under the broad category
- of SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCEs (SIDs) whereby short-wavelength
- radio transmissions, VLF, through HF, are absorbed for a period
- of minutes to hours. See Key(s) SO.
-
- &&
- SC
-
- SMOOTHED SUNSPOT NUMBER
- An average of 13 monthly RI numbers, centered on the month of concern.
-
- &&
- SD
-
- SOLAR COORDINATES
- See Key(s) CC, CENTRAL MERIDIAN DISTANCE (CMD).
-
- &&
- SE
-
- SOLAR CYCLE
- The approximately 11-year quasi-periodic variation in frequency
- or number of solar active events.
-
- &&
- SF
-
- SOLAR FLUX INDEX (SFI)
- The measurement of sun radio noise at 2400 MHz providing an analog
- of energies that excite the E and F layers of the ionosphere. This
- index, provided by an observatory in Ottawa, may be heard on WWV.
- The solar index has a periodicity of about 27 1/2 days. The SFI
- relates to sunspots as follows:
-
- 68 = No Sunspots 104 = 50 Sunspots
- 77 = 10 Sunspots 135 = 100 Sunspots
- 83 = 20 Sunspots 158 = 130 Sunspots
- 90 = 30 Sunspots 180 = 160 Sunspots
-
- See Key(s) WD.
-
- &&
- SG
-
- SOLAR MAXIMUM
- The month(s) during the SOLAR CYCLE when the 12-month mean of monthly
- average SUNSPOT NUMBERS reaches a maximum. The most recent solar
- maximum occurred in December 1979. See Key(s) SE.
-
- &&
- SH
-
- SOLAR MINIMUM
- The month(s) during the SOLAR CYCLE when the 12-month mean of monthly
- average SUNSPOT NUMBERS reaches a minimum. See Key(s) SE and SR.
-
- &&
- SI
-
- SOLAR SECTOR BOUNDARY (SSB)
- The apparent solar origin, or base, of the interplanetary SECTOR BOUNDARY
- marked by the larger-scale polarity inversion lines. See Key(s) SA.
-
- &&
- SJ
-
- SOLAR WIND
- The outward flux of solar particles and magnetic fields from the sun.
- Typically, solar wind velocities are near 350 km/s.
-
- &&
- SK
-
- SPORADIC E
- A phenomenon occurring in the E REGION of the IONOSPHERE, which
- significantly affects HF radiowave propagation. Sporadic E can
- occur during daytime or nighttime and it varies markedly with latitude.
- See Key(s) EA and IB.
-
- &&
- SL
-
- STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SSC)
- An abrupt increase or decrease in the northward component of the
- geomagnetic field, which marks the beginning of a GEOMAGNETIC STORM.
- Also known as SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SC). See Key(s) GF and SM.
-
- &&
- SM
-
- SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SC)
- An abrupt increase or decrease in the northward component of the
- geomagnetic field, which marks the beginning of a GEOMAGNETIC STORM.
- Also known as STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SSC). See Key(s) GF and SL.
-
- &&
- SN
-
- SUDDEN IMPULSE (SI+ or SI-)
- A sudden perturbation of several gammas in the northward component
- of the low-latitude geomagnetic field, not associated with a following
- GEOMAGNETIC STORM. (An SI becomes an SC if a storm follows.)
- See Key(s) GF.
-
- &&
- SO
-
- SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE (SID)
- HF propagation anomalies due to ionospheric changes resulting from
- solar FLAREs, PROTON EVENTs and GEOMAGNETIC STORMs. See Key(s) FG, PJ,
- and GF.
-
- &&
- SP
-
- SUNSPOT
- An area seen as a dark spot on the PHOTOSPHERE of the sun. Sunspots
- are concentrations of magnetic flux, typically occurring in bipolar
- clusters or groups. They appear dark because they are cooler than
- the surrounding photosphere. See Key(s) PC.
-
- &&
- SQ
-
- SUNSPOT GROUP CLASSIFICATION (Modified Zurich Sunspot Classification).
-
- A - A small single unipolar sunspot or very small group of
- spots without PENUMBRA. See Key(s) PA.
- B - Bipolar sunspot group with no penumbra.
- C - An elongated bipolar sunspot group. One sunspot must have penumbra.
- D - An elongated bipolar sunspot group with penumbra on both ends
- of the group.
- E - An elongated bipolar sunspot group with penumbra on both ends.
- Longitudinal extent of penumbra exceeds 10 deg. but not 15 deg.
- F - An elongated bipolar sunspot group with penumbra on both
- ends. Longitudinal extent of penumbra exceeds 15 deg.
- H - A unipolar sunspot group with penumbra.
-
- &&
- SR
-
- SUNSPOT NUMBER
- A daily index of SUNSPOT activity (R), defined as R = k (10 g + s)
- where S = number of individual spots, g = number of sunspot groups,
- and k is an observatory factor. See Key(s) SP.
-
- &&
- SS
-
- SURGE
- A jet of material from ACTIVE REGIONs that reaches coronal heights
- and then either fades or returns into the CHROMOSPHERE along the
- trajectory of ascent. See Key(s) AH and CE.
-
- &&
- TA
-
- TWO-RIBBON FLARE
- A FLARE that has developed as a pair of bright strands (ribbons)
- on both sides of the main inversion ("neutral") line of the
- magnetic field of the ACTIVE REGION. See Key(s) AH.
-
- &&
- UA
-
- U BURST
- A fast radio burst spectrum of a FLARE. It has a U-shaped appearance
- in an intensity-vs.-frequency plot. See Key(s) FG.
-
- &&
- UB
-
- ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY (UHF)
- Those radio frequencies exceeding 300 MHz.
-
- &&
- UC
-
- UMBRA
- The dark core or cores (umbrae) in a SUNSPOT with PENUMBRA, or a
- sunspot lacking penumbra. See Key(s) PA and SP.
-
- &&
- UD
-
- UNIVERSAL TIME (UT)
- Same as COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME. See Key(s) CH.
-
- &&
- UE
-
- UNSETTLED
- With regard to geomagnetic levels, a descriptive word specifically
- meaning that 7 < the Ap INDEX < 15.
-
- &&
- VA
-
- VERNAL EQUINOX
- In the Northern Hemisphere the EQUINOX that occurs about March 21st.
- See Key(s) EC.
-
- &&
- VB
-
- VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (VHF)
- That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 30 to 300 MHz.
-
- &&
- VC
-
- VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF)
- That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 3 to 30 kHz.
-
- &&
- WA
-
- WHITE LIGHT (WL)
- Sunlight integrated over the visible portion of the spectrum
- (4000 - 7000 angstroms) so that all colors are blended to appear
- white to the eye.
-
- &&
- WB
-
- WHITE LIGHT FLARE
- A major FLARE in which small parts become visible in white light.
- Such flares are usually strong X-ray, radio, and particle emitters.
- See Key(s) FG.
-
- &&
- WC
-
- WOLF NUMBER
- An historic term for SUNSPOT NUMBER. In 1849, R. Wolf of Zurich
- originated the general procedure for computing the sunspot number.
- See Key(s) SR.
-
- &&
- WD
-
- WWV
- The Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
- Enviromental Research Laboratories in Boulder, Colorado maintain time
- standard stations at Fort Collins, Colorado (WWV) and Kuaui, Hawaii (WWVH).
- These stations transmit time announcements and propagation bulletins.
- Solar Flux announcements are made 18 minutes past the hour on WWV and 45
- minutes past the hour on WWVH.
- See Key(s) SF.
-
- &&
- XA
-
- X-RAY BACKGROUND
- A daily average background X-ray flux in the 1 to 8 angstrom range.
- It is a midday minimum designed to reduce the effects of flares.
-
- &&
- XB
-
- X-RAY BURST
- A temporary enhancement of the X-ray emission of the sun. The
- time-intensity profile of soft X-ray bursts is similar to that of
- the H-ALPHA profile of an associated FLARE. See Key(s) FG and HA.
-
- &&
- XC
-
- X-RAY FLARE CLASS
- Rank of a FLARE based on its X-ray energy output. Flares are
- classified by the order of magnitude of the peak burst intensity
- (I) measured at the earth in the 1 to 8 angstrom band as follows:
-
- Class (in Watt/sq. Meter)
- ----- ------------------
- B I < 10.0E-06
- C 10.0E-06 <= I <= 10.0E-05
- M 10.0E-05 <= I <= 10.0E-04
- X I >= 10.0E-04
-
- &&
- XA
-
- ZURICH SUNSPOT CLASSIFICATION
- A sunspot classification system that has been modified for SESC use.
- See Key(s) SQ, SUNSPOT GROUP CLASSIFICATION.
-
- &&
- END
- DX PacketCluster Database - FLUX (with Glossary) - by K6PBT
- &&
-