home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
- The following transcript is of a tape-recorded broadcast
- by NO-commercials, NO-corporate-influences, listener-funded,
- beacon-of-truth Pacifica Radio Network station of the People:
- WBAI-FM (99.5)
- 505 Eighth Ave., 19th Fl.
- New York, NY 10018 (212) 279-0707
-
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
-
- ROBERT KNIGHT:
-
- Today on UNDERCURRENTS: the secret society of "GLADIO".
-
- In a number of countries around the World, the so-called concept of terrorism
- -- as a tool of political control and, in fact, sometimes as a provocation for
- elements of political control -- is pretty much part and parcel of operations
- around the World. And now that the so-called era of "glasnost" and the
- relaxation of some elements of the Cold War is taking place, we find that just
- such a pattern of clandestine terrorism, on behalf of conservative or
- right-tending institutions, has also been very much a part of European
- politics.
-
- Our guest is Martin Lee, author of ACID DREAMS and yet another book on the
- Media about detecting bias inside the Media. UNRELIABLE SOURCES is the title
- of that one. Martin has also spent quite a bit of time researching a
- clandestine set of organizations known collectively as "GLADIO". What,
- precisely, is GLADIO?
-
- MARTIN LEE:
-
- GLADIO is the Italian component of a NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization]
- operation that spanned forty years, beginning in the early 1950s, that covered
- all of Western and Northern Europe like a spider web. GLADIO was ostensibly an
- operation set up by NATO and the CIA to organize what they called "stay-behind
- units", paramilitary forces that would stay behind, forces that would be
- ready, in the event of a Soviet invasion of Western Europe, to undertake
- resistance operations or sabotage activities against the Soviet troops. They
- would stay behind the lines and do this. That's where it got it's name.
- "Operation Stay-Behind" was the name of the entire European operation.
-
- In Italy, it was called "GLADIO". And it was discovered when an Italian
- magistrate named Felige Cassone[sp] was investigating a terrorist incident in
- Patano[sp]. And he found that the Italian Secret Service had laid a false
- trail which led investigators to seek the culprits among the left-wing
- terrorist milieu in Italy, when it turned out that neo-fascist terrorists had
- actually perpetrated the deed in which a number of policemen were killed. And
- what he further uncovered was that the neo-fascist terrorists had used arms
- that they had gotten from a NATO arms depot in Italy. And that led him to
- investigate the question: How did these neo-fascist terrorists get access to
- NATO arms? And that's what led him to uncover this NATO operation that was
- going on in Italy which was explicity linked to terrorism.
-
- What is significant about it is that the cover story was that it [GLADIO] was
- just simply a plan, a contingency plan, set up in CASE of a Soviet invasion --
- a plan that was ultimately never used. That's the cover story. In fact, in a
- number of European countries, these so-called "gladiators" or stay-behind
- units were engaged in terrorism and other kinds of political subversion,
- ostensibly against allies of the United States.
-
- ROBERT KNIGHT:
-
- The organization had quite a bit of resources in the various Western European
- and NATO countries. Where were these people recruited from in places like
- Italy, Greece, Turkey and elsewhere?
-
- MARTIN LEE:
-
- Well, in a number of the countries -- not all of them -- but in a number of
- them, the recruits for these stay-behind units or GLADIO units were from
- fascist or Nazi organizations. In Germany, the stay-behind unit there was
- composed largely of SS officers. In Great Britain, some of the stay-behind
- units were drawn from a clandestine group called "Column 88". The name was
- taken from the fact the the eighth letter of the English alphabet is "H".
- "88" is the code for "HH", meaning "Heil Hitler". That is where they got
- their name. In Greece, some of the GLADIO personnel were later involved in
- the coup d'etat in 1967 that succeeded in putting that country under the
- control of the fascist military junta. In Turkey, human rights activists have
- now linked the GLADIO unit there to the Gray Wolves, a neo-Nazi terrorist
- organization. In Italy, the gladiators were composed largely of former
- members of Mussolini's Secret Police, and so forth.
-
- There were OTHER countries .... This NATO operation was, in fact, active in
- countries that were NOT EVEN part of NATO, countries like Sweden, Austria and
- so forth. In some of these countries, the GLADIO units were composed of people
- who were anti-communist in their orientation. They weren't explicitly or
- validly neo-Nazis.
-
- But, nonetheless, it is a scandal in its own right. When this story came out
- about the neo-Nazi connections to these stay-behind units, it invoked
- headlines throughout Western Europe. And yet, it was ostensibly a story that
- was just not covered in the United States.
-
- ROBERT KNIGHT:
-
- The German wing of this network was formed from former members of the
- so-called "Gehlen Operation", an ex-Nazi intelligence network that was very
- instrumental in the formation of the CIA, which would later link up again with
- the CIA. Is that correct?
-
- MARTIN LEE:
-
- Yes. What happened was that after the Second World War, the United States saw
- that it lacked an intelligence capability directed against the Soviet Union
- because it was our wartime ally, obviously. So the CIA incorporated into its
- ranks a lot of Nazi intelligence officers. The main person among them was
- General Reinhard Gehlen who was Hitler's chief intelligence officer directed
- towards the Soviet Union to the East. The Gehlen Organization ostensibly
- became the CIA's eyes and ears in Eastern Europe and in the Soviet Union. And
- again, that is A MAJOR SCANDAL in its own right! So, it was from within the
- ranks of the Gehlen Organization that some of these stay-behind personnel were
- recruited for West Germany, which played a very important role, along with
- Britain, in running the operation.
-
- This was a CIA operation that was run through NATO. It was CIA-funded and
- CIA-directed. THAT is important to emphasize!
-
- ROBERT KNIGHT:
-
- In the contingency for creating disturbances in the event of this scenario of
- Soviet tanks rolling into Western Europe or taking over NATO countries, the
- organization was, by no means, latent. Was it? What kind of activities did it
- use its resources for during its period of existence?
-