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- "High HIV Rate Found in Women in Florida District" Wall Street Journal
- (12/10/92), P. B6 (Chase, Marilyn)
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- "TB's Return" Time (12/21/92) Vol. 140, No. 25, P. 25
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- "BOMBAY--EPICENTER OF DISASTER" Los Angeles Times--Washington Edition
- (12/08/92), P. A4 (Drogin, Bob)
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- "In the Nation: Experts Put AIDS Cost at $15 Billion by '95" Baltimore Sun
- (12/15/92), P. 8A
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- "Program in Africa Curbs Spread of AIDS" Baltimore Sun (12/16/92), P. 8A
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- "HETEROSEXUALLY TRANSMITTED Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among
- Pregnant Women in a Rural Florida Community" New England Journal of Medicine
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- "Patient's Failure to Tell of AIDS Is Going on Trial as Fraud Suit" Wall
- Street Journal (12/07/92), P. B6 (Lambert, Wade)
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- "Potassium Hazard Seen in AIDS Drug" Science News (12/05/92) Vol. 142, No. 23,
- P. 398
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- "Britain--AIDS Virus" Associated Press (12/11/92) (Epstein, Randi Hutter)
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- "Simian Tests Raise AIDS-Vaccine Hope" New York Times (12/18/92), P. A30
- (Altman, Lawrence K.)
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- e n d o f C o n t e n t s
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- ==================================================================
- ******************************************************************
- Health InfoCom Network News Page 34
- Volume 5, Number 6 December 20, 1992
- ******************************************************************
- AIDS Daily Summary
-
- The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) National AIDS Clearinghouse
- makes available the following information as a public service only.
- Providing this information does not constitute endorsement by the CDC,
- the CDC Clearinghouse, or any other organization. Reproduction of
- this text is encouraged; however, copies may not be sold. Copyright
- 1992, Information, Inc., Bethesda, MD
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- "High HIV Rate Found in Women in Florida District" Wall Street Journal
- (12/10/92), P. B6 (Chase, Marilyn)
-
- A total of one out of every 20 pregnant women in a prenatal clinic in
- rural Florida tested positive for HIV, producing an alarmingly high infection
- rate that researchers believed stemmed from heterosexual transmission. The
- study is published in this week's issue of the New England Journal of
- Medicine and was conducted by Ted Ellerbrock of the Centers for Disease
- Control, John Witte of the Florida State Department of Health, and their
- colleagues. The report emphasizes that growing numbers of AIDS patients are
- women, especially young minority women.
- ******************************************************************
-
- "TB's Return" Time (12/21/92) Vol. 140, No. 25, P. 25
-
- Due to the combination of the AIDS epidemic and breakdowns in public
- health services, the rate of tuberculosis has escalated 25 percent since 1984,
- when 22,000 cases were reported in the United States. Physicians from the
- American Lung Association and the Centers for Disease Control now suggest a
- series of more aggressive countermeasures to thwart a general outbreak of TB,
- some new strains of which are particularly virulent. They advise more
- extensive screening for TB infection among high-risk groups, including
- children, hospital patients, and the homeless. Since people with depleted
- immune systems are especially vulnerable to TB, the physicians also recommend
- that anyone who lives in close contact with a TB patient should also be
- tested for HIV infection. And as a last resort, the health experts recommend
- mandatory quarantine for those TB patients who neglect to routinely take
- their treatment and, consequently, are a threat to their fellow citizens.
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- "Bombay--Epicenter of Disaster" Los Angeles Times--Washington Edition
- (12/08/92), P. A4 (Drogin, Bob)
-
- The AIDS case rate in India is rapidly increasing dramatically, and could
- establish Bombay as the worldwide epicenter for the deadly disease. Due to
- widespread prostitution, IV-drug use, and contaminated blood supplies, India
- has developed an AIDS epidemic that is virtually out of control, according to
- Dr. I.S. Gilada of the Indian Health Organization. At least 35 percent of
- Bombay's prostitutes are HIV-positive, said the World Health Organization.
- That is up from 3 percent in 1988. Currently, India has confirmed 10,730 HIV
- infections and 238 full-blown cases of AIDS. However, experts say that a far
- greater number of cases are misdiagnosed and unreported. WHO and Indian
- officials publicly predict that 500,000 to 1 million Indians are HIV-positive
- and some experts put the figure much higher.
-
- Also, the International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific
- reported last month that at least 3 million Indians will be
- HIV-positive and 179,000 will have AIDS by 1996. By the end of the
- decade the number will more than double. In India, the first AIDS
- case was not reported until 1986, whereas in Africa the disease was
- found in the early 1980s. But an ambitious $100 million, five-year
- effort to fight AIDS in the country is just starting. The plan is to
- develop a network of 1,000 centers across the country over five years
- to detect and treat AIDS patients, and to thwart the spread of the
- disease through coordinated public education, health care, and blood
- screening programs.
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- "In the Nation: Experts Put AIDS Cost at $15 Billion by '95" Baltimore Sun
- (12/15/92), P. 8A
-
- The cost of treating HIV-positive Americans could increase about 48
- percent, to $15.2 billion a year, by 1995, health experts told a Senate panel
- yesterday. Fred Hellinger, a financing specialist with the U.S. Public Health
- Service, said, "The widespread use of expensive drugs has contributed to the
- high costs of treating persons with HIV." Approximately a million Americans
- are infected with HIV and 250,000 have been diagnosed with AIDS. Among
- those AIDS patients, 160,000 have died. Hellinger said that the number of
- newly diagnosed AIDS patients could reach 97,000 by 1995.
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- "Program in Africa Curbs Spread of AIDS" Baltimore Sun (12/16/92), P. 8A
-
- Health-care workers in Rwanda are controlling the heterosexual spread of
- HIV by targeting young women with education and testing programs. The effort
- could serve as a model for U.S. inner cities. Rwanda has one of the world's
- highest rates of AIDS. According to researchers from the University of
- California--San Francisco, nine out of ten deaths are caused by AIDS, and
- almost one third of urban adults are HIV-positive. In the study published
- in today's Journal of the American Medical Association, the researchers
- examined 1,458 women ages 20 to 40 who enrolled in a prevention program in
- 1988 in the Rwandan capital, Kigali. The program offered confidential HIV
- testing, viewing of a 35-minute educational video, and group discussions
- afterward. All of the subjects received regular physician examinations,
- condoms and spermicides, and invitations for male partners to be tested and
- counseled. As a result, condom use rose from 7 percent to 22 percent in one
- year among all of the women's partners.
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- "Heterosexually Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among
- Pregnant Women in a Rural Florida Community" New England Journal of Medicine
- (12/10/92) Vol. 327, No. 24, P. 1704 (Ellerbrock, Tedd V. et al.)
-
- An alarmingly high rate of HIV that most likely resulted from
- heterosexual transmission was found among several pregnant women in a rural
- Florida community, write Tedd V. Ellerbrock et al. of the Centers for Disease
- Control in Atlanta, Ga. The researchers interviewed and tested 1,082 of
- 1,084 consecutive pregnant women who registered for prenatal care at a public
- health clinic in western Palm Beach County, Fla. The rate of HIV infection
- was 5.1 percent (52 of 1,011 women). Black women who were neither Haitian
- nor Hispanic had the highest rate of infection. Only 4 of 1,009 women (0.4
- percent) reported ever injecting drugs, and all 4 were HIV-negative. But 14
- of 43 users of "crack" cocaine (33 percent) had HIV infection. A total of
- 131 of 983 women (13 percent) tested positive for gonorrhea, chlamydial
- infection, or syphilis at prenatal registration. Mulivariate logistic-
- regression analysis found HIV infection to be independently associated with
- having used crack cocaine, having had more than two sexual partners, being
- black but neither Hispanic nor Haitian, having had sexual intercourse with a
- high-risk partner, and testing positive for syphilis. But 11 of the 52 HIV-
- positive women (21 percent) reported a total of only two to five sexual
- partners and no known high-risk partners, had never used crack cocaine, and
- had no positive tests for sexually transmitted diseases. The increasing rate
- of HIV and the increasing prevalence of syphilis and use of crack cocaine
- indicate that other women may be at similar risk of contracting
- heterosexually transmitted HIV, the researchers conclude.
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- "Patient's Failure to Tell of AIDS Is Going on Trial as Fraud Suit" Wall
- Street Journal (12/07/92), P. B6 (Lambert, Wade)
-
- A lawsuit that could change the way health-care workers care for AIDS
- patients is scheduled to begin today in state court in Los Angeles, Calif.
- The lawsuit involves a surgical technician who has accused a patient of fraud
- for not revealing that she had AIDS before the technician was nicked by a
- scalpel that had been exposed to the patient's HIV-positive blood. While in
- recent years public attention has focused on whether health-care workers must
- disclose their HIV-status to patients, this case is apparently the first to
- argue that patients have a duty to inform their doctors and nurses.
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- "Potassium Hazard Seen in AIDS Drug" Science News (12/05/92) Vol. 142, No. 23,
- P. 398
-
- A certain AIDS drug used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can
- also elevate potassium in the blood, creating a condition called
- hyperkalemia. The drug trimethoprim (TMP) has caused as many as 53 percent
- of hospitalized AIDS patients to develop mild to moderate hyperkalemia.
- Michael J. Choi, Thomas R. Kleyman, and Pedro C. Fernandez of the Veterans
- Administration Medical Center in Philadelphia report that they have
- discovered the cellular mechanism that causes this side effect. In addition,
- they have observed an AIDS patient treated with TMP whose hyperkalemia
- reached the point of "medical emergency," said Choi. He suggests that this
- case should make physicians aware of the possible life-threatening
- consequences of using massive doses of TMP to treat pneumocystis carinii
- pneumonia. In general, TMP does not elevate potassium concentrations to
- harmful levels. However, a large number of AIDS patients already experience
- hyperkalemia caused by kidney failure or hormone deficiencies. For such
- patients, treatment with TMP could increase the potassium in their blood to
- dangerous levels, causing heart cells to fire erratically and even bringing on
- cardiac arrhythmia, said Choi.
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- "Britain--AIDS Virus" Associated Press (12/11/92) (Epstein, Randi Hutter)
-
- London--HIV can hide inside pre-ejaculatory fluid in men, as well as
- infecting semen, according to two studies of HIV-positive men published in
- the Dec. 12 Lancet. Dr. Peter Schlegel, co-author of one of the studies and
- associate professor of urology at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center,
- said, "Many men believe oral sex without ejaculation is completely safe.
- That is clearly not the case based on the potential infectivity of this
- fluid." The second study was conducted by researchers at Harvard Medical
- School and Boston University's School of Public Health. Both studies do not
- suggest the risk of contracting HIV by contact with pre-ejaculatory fluid.
- But author of the second study Dr. Jeffrey Pudney of Harvard urged additional
- research. Pre-ejaculatory fluid "is produced during sexual stimulation
- before intercourse, so placing a condom on the penis earlier may be important
-
- Health InfoCom Network News Page 39
- Volume 5, Number 6 December 20, 1992
-
- to prevent contact with this fluid, not just at the time of intercourse,"
- said Schlegel. He added, "We're not talking about a lot of fluid, but a
- small amount of it may be important." The Cornell researchers investigated
- pre-ejaculatory fluid from 14 men with AIDS and two men without the virus.
- They discovered HIV and white blood cells in the fluid of six of the 14 men
- with AIDS. Neither was present in the two HIV-negative men. Pudney examined
- 12 samples of pre-ejaculatory fluid from nine men with HIV and 11 samples
- from six uninfected men. His team discovered HIV in pre-ejaculatory fluid
- from six of nine infected men but not in any samples from the uninfected men
- used as controls.
-
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- "Simian Tests Raise AIDS-Vaccine Hope" New York Times (12/18/92), P. A30
- (Altman, Lawrence K.)
-
- An experimental vaccine has completely protected six rhesus monkeys
- against the simian form of HIV infection for more than three years, making it
- the strongest and longest lasting of any AIDS-related vaccine, according to a
- report published in today's issue of Science. The research was led by Dr.
- Ronald C. Desrosiers of the New England Regional Primate Research Center in
- Southborough, Mass. Federal health officials who funded the experiments
- considered the finding "a significant advance" in the search for a human
- vaccine to protect against HIV. The monkey vaccine contains live simian
- immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the virus that causes an AIDS-like disease in
- monkeys, from which a key gene was removed. The research involved the
- deletion of a gene known as nef from SIV and then injecting the virus in the
- monkeys. The function of the nef gene is unknown. When nef-deleted SIV is
- used in test tube experiments, the virus reproduces and harms cells. But
- Desrosiers said he was surprised to find that injection of the nef-deleted SIV
- did not harm the monkeys. The research led him to question whether nef-
- deleted SIV could be used as a vaccine. He began the research by injecting
- nef-deleted SIV into six monkeys who stayed healthy after two and a quarter
- years. Dr. Desrosiers said that the new findings could lead to the first
- safety tests of such a vaccine on human volunteers in two years. Dr. Anthony
- S. Fauci, the head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
- Diseases, said scientists at his institute are "extremely enthusiastic about
- the possibilities" of Dr. Desrosiers' findings. Related Stories: Washington
- Post (12/18) P. A1; USA Today (12/18) P. 1A; Philadelphia Inquirer (12/18) P.
- A1; Los Angeles Times--Washington Edition (12/18) P. A1; Baltimore Sun (12/18)
- P. 1A; Washington Times (12/18) P. A8
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