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- CJPEG(1) AMIGA (4 November 1992) CJPEG(1)
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- NAME
- cjpeg - compress an image file to a JPEG file
-
- SYNOPSIS
- cjpeg [ -quality N ] [ -grayscale ] [ -optimize ] [ -targa ]
- [ -maxmemory N ] [ -restart N ] [ -smooth N ] [ -verbose ] [
- -debug ] [ -arithmetic ] [ -nointerleave ] [ -qtables file ]
- [ -sample HxV[,...] ] [ filename ]
-
- DESCRIPTION
- cjpeg compresses the named image file, or the standard input
- if no file is named, and produces a JPEG/JFIF file on the
- standard output. The currently supported input file formats
- are: PPM (PBMPLUS color format), PGM (PBMPLUS gray-scale
- format), GIF, Targa, and RLE (Utah Raster Toolkit format).
- (RLE is supported only if the URT library is available.)
-
- OPTIONS
- All switch names may be abbreviated; for example, -grayscale
- may be written -gray or -gr. Most of the "basic" switches
- can be abbreviated to as little as one letter. Upper and
- lower case are equivalent (thus -GIF is the same as -gif).
- British spellings are also accepted (e.g., -greyscale),
- though for brevity these are not mentioned below.
-
- The basic switches are:
-
- -quality N
- Scale quantization tables to adjust image quality.
- Quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best); default is 75.
- (See below for more info.)
-
- -grayscale
- Create monochrome JPEG file from color input. Be sure
- to use this switch when compressing a grayscale GIF
- file, because cjpeg isn't bright enough to notice
- whether a GIF file uses only shades of gray. By saying
- -grayscale, you'll get a smaller JPEG file that takes
- less time to process.
-
- -optimize
- Perform optimization of entropy encoding parameters.
- Without this, default encoding parameters are used.
- -optimize usually makes the JPEG file a little smaller,
- but cjpeg runs somewhat slower and needs much more
- memory. Image quality and speed of decompression are
- unaffected by -optimize.
-
- -targa
- Input file is Targa format. Targa files that contain
- an "identification" field will not be automatically
- recognized by cjpeg; for such files you must specify
-
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- CJPEG(1) AMIGA (4 November 1992) CJPEG(1)
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- -targa to make cjpeg treat the input as Targa format.
-
- The -quality switch lets you trade off compressed file size
- against quality of the reconstructed image: the higher the
- quality setting, the larger the JPEG file, and the closer
- the output image will be to the original input. Normally
- you want to use the lowest quality setting (smallest file)
- that decompresses into something visually indistinguishable
- from the original image. For this purpose the quality
- setting should be between 50 and 95; the default of 75 is
- often about right. If you see defects at -quality 75, then
- go up 5 or 10 counts at a time until you are happy with the
- output image. (The optimal setting will vary from one image
- to another.)
-
- -quality 100 will generate a quantization table of all 1's,
- eliminating loss in the quantization step (but there is
- still information loss in subsampling, as well as roundoff
- error). This setting is mainly of interest for experimental
- purposes. Quality values above about 95 are not recommended
- for normal use; the compressed file size goes up
- dramatically for hardly any gain in output image quality.
-
- In the other direction, quality values below 50 will produce
- very small files of low image quality. Settings around 5 to
- 10 might be useful in preparing an index of a large image
- library, for example. Try -quality 2 (or so) for some
- amusing Cubist effects. (Note: quality values below about
- 25 generate 2-byte quantization tables, which are considered
- optional in the JPEG standard. cjpeg emits a warning
- message when you give such a quality value, because some
- commercial JPEG programs may be unable to decode the
- resulting file.)
-
- Switches for advanced users:
-
- -maxmemory N
- Set limit for amount of memory to use in processing
- large images. Value is in thousands of bytes, or
- millions of bytes if "M" is attached to the number.
- For example, -max 4m selects 4000000 bytes. If more
- space is needed, temporary files will be used.
-
- -restart N
- Emit a JPEG restart marker every N MCU rows, or every N
- MCU blocks if "B" is attached to the number. -restart
- 0 (the default) means no restart markers.
-
- -smooth N
- Smooth the input image to eliminate dithering noise.
- N, ranging from 1 to 100, indicates the strength of
- smoothing. 0 (the default) means no smoothing.
-
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- CJPEG(1) AMIGA (4 November 1992) CJPEG(1)
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- -verbose
- Enable debug printout. More -v's give more output.
- Also, version information is printed at startup.
-
- -debug
- Same as -verbose.
-
- The -restart option inserts extra markers that allow a JPEG
- decoder to resynchronize after a transmission error.
- Without restart markers, any damage to a compressed file
- will usually ruin the image from the point of the error to
- the end of the image; with restart markers, the damage is
- usually confined to the portion of the image up to the next
- restart marker. Of course, the restart markers occupy extra
- space. We recommend -restart 1 for images that will be
- transmitted across unreliable networks such as Usenet.
-
- The -smooth option filters the input to eliminate fine-scale
- noise. This is often useful when converting GIF files to
- JPEG: a moderate smoothing factor of 10 to 50 gets rid of
- dithering patterns in the input file, resulting in a smaller
- JPEG file and a better-looking image. Too large a smoothing
- factor will visibly blur the image, however.
-
- Switches for wizards:
-
- -arithmetic
- Use arithmetic coding rather than Huffman coding. (Not
- currently supported for legal reasons.)
-
- -nointerleave
- Generate noninterleaved JPEG file (not yet supported).
-
- -qtables file
- Use the quantization tables given in the specified
- file. The file should contain one to four tables (64
- values each) as plain text. Comments preceded by '#'
- may be included in the file. The tables are implicitly
- numbered 0,1,etc. If -quality N is also specified, the
- values in the file are scaled according to cjpeg's
- quality scaling curve.
-
- -sample HxV[,...]
- Set JPEG sampling factors. If you specify fewer H/V
- pairs than there are components, the remaining
- components are set to 1x1 sampling. The default
- setting is equivalent to -sample 2x2.
-
- The "wizard" switches are intended for experimentation with
- JPEG. If you don't know what you are doing, don't use them.
- You can easily produce files with worse image quality and/or
- poorer compression than you'll get from the default
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- CJPEG(1) AMIGA (4 November 1992) CJPEG(1)
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- settings. Furthermore, these switches should not be used
- when making files intended for general use, because not all
- JPEG implementations will support unusual JPEG parameter
- settings.
-
- EXAMPLES
- This example compresses the PPM file foo.ppm with a quality
- factor of 60 and saves the output as foo.jpg:
-
- cjpeg -quality 60 foo.ppm > foo.jpg
-
- ENVIRONMENT
- JPEGMEM
- If this environment variable is set, its value is the
- default memory limit. The value is specified as
- described for the -maxmemory switch. JPEGMEM overrides
- the default value specified when the program was
- compiled, and itself is overridden by an explicit
- -maxmemory.
-
- SEE ALSO
- djpeg(1)
- ppm(5), pgm(5)
- Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression
- Standard", Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34,
- no. 4), pp. 30-44.
-
- AUTHOR
- Independent JPEG Group
-
- BUGS
- Arithmetic coding and interleaved output not yet supported.
-
- Not all variants of Targa file format are supported.
-
- The -targa switch is not a bug, it's a feature. (It would
- be a bug if the Targa format designers had not been
- clueless.)
-
- Still not as fast as we'd like.
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