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Manual for Autograf (tm) -- The Scatterplot Specialist (tm) ----------------------------------------------------------- Version 127 (Copyright (c) 1989 by Walter F. Smith) Introduction ------------ Autograf is a high-performance graphing and data-analysis program. To our knowledge, it is by far the fastest and easiest-to-use graphing program for the IBM PC family. It can create linear, log-log, or semi-log scatterplots using multiple datasets, each of which can be up to 16300 points long. As an example of Autograf's speed, it can read in and screen-plot 2000 data points in about 10 seconds on a 10MHz AT clone. Powerful data massaging features are conveniently linked to the graphics. We have designed Autograf to be as automatic as is possible. Appropriate plotting symbols, colors, and axes are automatically chosen for each dataset. The automatic axis setting routine is "smarter" than any other we've encountered. However, it is easy to override the defaults whenever you like. The whole program is so easy to use that you should be able to learn the basics in about 5 min. Hardware Requirements --------------------- *IBM PC/XT/AT or compatible *570k RAM *Graphics adapter card -- Hercules, CGA, EGA, or VGA (CGA cards will be used in the high-resolution monochrome mode. VGA cards will be used in EGA mode, and should be set that way if they aren't auto-switching.) (*HPGL plotter or plotter emulation software required for high quality hard copy. If you don't have either, you can do a screen-dump to a dot-matrix printer.) (*Math co-processor chip will be used if present, but not required) BEFORE USING AUTOGRAF, YOU MUST READ THE AUTOGRAF LICENSE AGREEMENT (FOUND AT THE END OF THIS MANUAL). USE OF AUTOGRAF INDICATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS DETAILED IN THE LICENSE AGREEMENT. "Autograf" and "The Scatterplot Specialist" are trademarks of Walter F. Smith. Walter F. Smith reserves the right to make changes in the product described in this manual at any time, and without notice. This manual is for Autograf version 127. The correct size for the file AUTOGRAF.EXE in this version is 167134. If your copy of AUTOGRAF.EXE doesn't match this statistic, destroy it. Send $2 to the address in the license agreement to obtain an unregistered clean copy (or $15 for a registered one!). What you need to know to start using Autograf in 5 minutes ---------------------------------------------------------- *Datafiles must be in ASCII *The default data format is: (up to 999 comment lines.) }The comment lines START }and START are optional X1 Y1 X2 Y2 . . . . . . The comment lines and "START" line are not required. (If you have a large datafile with no comments and a slow computer, you may add "/N" to the end of the filename when Autograf prompts you for it, e.g. FILE.DAT/N. This will shorten the time it takes to read the file from disk, but is not required.) If you do have comment lines, you must include the START (in capitals, on a line by itself) just before the data. The X and Y values must be separated from each other by spaces, commas, or tabs. Spaces or commas will allow faster reading of large datafiles than tabs. Here are two sample datafiles: File#1: ------ I find comment lines at the start of my datafiles to be a convenient way to keep track of what the data means. This file contains three columns, and by default the first one will be the x-values and the second the y's START 1.00 1.15 8.97 2 3.2 4.53 6 7 5.4 7 8 3.2 File#2: ------ 1.2,-3.09e-4 3.5, 6.78 1,34 7,89 *To start autograf, type C:Autograf at the DOS prompt, where C: is the drive (and directory) where you have stored AUTOGRAF.EXE *You will notice on the main menu that many of the options have been replaced by "---". Most of these options do not become available until after you have read in a datafile and screen-plotted it. *Menu selections can be made either by using the left and right arrow keys to move the brackets around the desired item (e.g. >Data< ) and then hitting carriage-return (<CR>), or by typing the first letter of the item (e.g. D ). *Default responses to questions are shown in angle brackets: <Default> To accept a default response, just press <CR> . *You can escape from any menu to the one "above" it by hitting the Esc key. *Hardcopies are available by using the "Hard-copy" menu selection to output to an HPGL plotter connected to serial port 1, or to do a screen-dump to a dot-matrix printer. (Typically, to do a screen-dump, you type GRAPHICS at the DOS prompt to load the correct printer driver before start- ing Autograf. Then, once you have the desired plot on screen, press the "Print Screen" or "PrtSc" key. This will probably only work if you have a CGA card, or an EGA, VGA, or Hercules card running in CGA simulation mode. See your computer's manual and your graphics-card manual for more details.) *A typical quick run from reading in data to making a hardcopy would go as follows: (it's probably best for you to actually follow along on your computer as you read through this section, using the sample data file AGSAMPLE.DAT) C>Autograf <CR> [Start Autograf from DOS prompt] (Intro. screen appears, followed by the main menu: ) >Data< Axes Options ----------- ------ ---- --------- ------- Quit You press D (or <CR>) to select Data. (The data menu appears: ) >Read-data-from-disk< >----------------< You press R (or <CR>) to select Read-data-from-disk Autograf prompts you Name of datafile (/N if no comments)? You type FILE.DAT<CR> where FILE.DAT is your filename, including path if needed. (The data-entry menu appears: ) >Read-it< X-scale/shift Y-scale/shift Sort Column-specification You press R (or <CR>) to select Read-it. (Autograf reads in the data, then returns you to the main menu: ) >----< Axes Options Screen-plot ------ ---- Hard-copy Massage Quit You press S (or use the arrow keys to move the angle brackets around Screen-plot and then press <CR>) to select Screen-plot. (Autograf chooses appropriately-scaled linear axes for you, does the screen-plot, and returns to the main menu: ) >Data< Axes Options Screen-plot Cursor Fits Hard-copy Massage Quit You press H to access the Hardcopy menu: >Plotter< Screen-dump HPGL-file You press P to access the Plotter menu: >Go< Char-size Velocity Plot-size Symbol Data-labels Y-axis-label-angle After checking to be sure your plotter is connected to serial port 1, and is loaded with paper, you press G to select Go. (Autograf plots the axes, then asks you: ) Pen # for next dataset <2>? You type the desired pen #, followed by <CR>, or just <CR> for the default response of 2. (Autograf plots the data, then prompts you for labels for the x and y axes, and an overall label for the graph. If you don't want any of these labels, just type <CR> at the prompt.) That's it! In the above example, we did things the long way around to show you a little about how the menus work. Normally, if you have a datafile in the standard format (i.e. X=column 1, Y=column 2), it's faster to type AUTOGRAF FILE.DAT (or FILE.DAT/N) at the DOS prompt. This causes Autograf to read in and automaticaly screen-plot FILE.DAT, and then returns to the main menu. If you are an experienced user, you can probably figure out most of Autograf's functions by browsing through the various menus. However, you should read the rest of the manual at the earliest opportunity for a complete understanding. Menu Overview ------------- Main menu: ---------- >Data< Axes Options Screen-plot Cursor Fits Hard-copy Massage Quit | | | | | | returns goes asks to to for main cursor fit section. info Return to then main menu back with to Esc main Data menu: ---------- >Read-more-data-from-disk< Write-massaged-version-of-FILE.DAT-to-disk | | | | Filename? then Filename? then Data entry submenu Data output submenu Data entry submenu: >Read-it< X-scale/shift Y-scale/shift Sort Column-specification Data output submenu: >Write-it< Restrict-range-of-output-points Axes menu: ---------- >X-set< Y-set Zoom No-rescale Log-plots Refresh Auto-scale Main-menu Options menu: ------------- >Line< Symbol Plot/config-save Restore-plot/config OR >No-line< Symbol Plot/config-save Restore-plot/config Hard-copy menu: --------------- >Plotter< Screen-dump HPGL-file Plotter submenu: >Go< Char-size Plotter-setup Symbol Data-Labels Y-label-angle Plotter-setup sub-submenu: >Speed< Plot-size Com-port-# Speed sub-sub-submenu: >Paper< Transparency Numeric Plot-size sub-sub-submenu: >Standard< Expand/shrink Top-(half) Bottom Left Right Quad Manual-set Massage menu: ------------- >Math< Examine Rearrange Drift Help Point-range Back-to-main Math submenu: >Multiply< Add Exponentiate Invert RMS Examine submenu: >List-comments< Add-comments Review-data Rearrange submenu: >Sort< Flip Point-#-convert Interpolate 3-d Quit menu: ---------- >Exit-autograf< Reset Cancel Data ____ Autograf does not support typing in data from the keyboard. Data files must be in ASCII format. This format is used by most editors and home-written software, and is available as an optional output format on all good spreadsheets. If you're not sure whether your files are in ASCII, type TYPE FILE.DAT<CR> at the DOS prompt (where FILE.DAT is the name of your file). If what comes out on your screen is legible, the file is ASCII. The maximum allowable number of points (x-y pairs) in each data file is 16300. (However, you may plot several files, each of which has 16300 points.) Autograf can handle files with up to 10 columns, and up to 9 datafiles per session. Please see the 5-min introduction for more about standard format and inputting. Data menu: __________ >Read-more-data-from-disk< Write-massaged-version-of-FILE.DAT-to-disk | | | | Filename? then Filename? then Data entry submenu Data output submenu The next paragraph describes a feature which may be of interest to only a small number of users. Feel free to skip it and proceed to the section on the Data entry submenu . Theorypoly--a special "Datafile" -------------------------------- If you select Read-more-data-from-disk and then type in theorypoly when Autograf asks you Name of datafile (/N if no comments)? then, instead of trying to read a file from disk, Autograf will take you to a special section where it will create a pseudo-"datafile" by using a 6th order polynomial: Y= C(0) + C(1)*X + C(2)*X^2 + C(3)*X^3 +... . It will display the current values for each of the C's. (These will all be 0 unless you have used the Fits selection, or have used Theorypoly previously.) To change a particular C, enter its number at the prompt. Autograf will then prompt you for the new value, and update the screen. For example, if you wanted the polynomial Y= 1.23 - 4.5*X then, when Autograf prompts you Change? you would type 0<CR> . Autograf would prompt you C(0)=? and you would respond 1.23<CR> . Then you would run through a similar procedure to specify 4.5 for C(1). In order to fit all the C's on the screen, Autograf displays them in rounded-off form. The internal values, however, are kept exactly as you typed them in (up to 16 digits of precision). When you have finished setting all the C's to their desired values, press <CR> when Autograf prompts you Change? . You will then be taken back to the main menu, where you can Screenplot, Massage, etc., just as if you'd read in the data from disk. Data entry submenu: >Read-it< X-scale/shift Y-scale/shift Sort Column-specification All entries on the data entry menu affect only the incoming data. They have no effect on data which has already been read in. *X-scale/shift (or Y-scale/shift) allows you to multiply the incoming X (or Y) values by a constant and/or add a constant. *Sort sorts the incoming data in order of increasing X. This is not a very efficient sort in this version, so it may take a while on files with more than 400 points. Note that both scale/shift and Sort can be accomplished after the data has been read in by using the Massage menu. *Column-specification allows you to specify the columns for the X an Y values, instead of using the default values of column 1 for X and column 2 for Y. For example, you could specify column 4 for X and column 3 for Y. Autograf can handle files with up to 10 columns. Data output submenu: >Write-it< Point-range-restrict This submenu only becomes available after you have read in data. *Write-it tells Autograf to proceed to write the current dataset (the one most recently read in and massaged) to disk. *Point-range-restrict allows you to restrict which points will be written out. This way, you could, say, write out only the first 100 points, or points 213 to 675. Axes menu: ---------- >X-set< Y-set Zoom No-rescale Log-plots Refresh Auto-scale Main-menu Changes made in this menu will not take effect until you exit to the Main menu, except for Zoom, Refresh, and Auto-scale. *X-set (or Y-set) allows you to specify the minimum and maximum values on the X (or Y) axis. When you exit back to the main menu, the screen will be updated to reflect your choices. Autograf will sometimes set the axes to cover a slightly larger range than you have specified, so as to allow for sensible increments on the grid tics. Whenever you set an axis, auto-scaling for that axis is turned off (though the other axis will still be autoscaled). *Zoom allows you to move the cursor on the screen to define an area to zoom in on. First, you will be prompted to move the cursor (it looks like a "+") to one corner of the box you want to zoom in on, using the up, down left, and right arrow keys (or Shift-arrow keys for faster movement). Then you will press C . Then you'll be prompted to move the cursor to the diagonally opposite corner of your desired area (for example, if the first corner was at the lower left, you'll move to the upper right), and press the Esc key. When you exit back to the main menu, the screen will show approximately the area you defined with the cursor (see above). See the part of the manual on the Cursor section for more information about moving the cursor. You may use the cursor's point-jumping mode for zooming. *No-rescale turns off the automatic rescaling which is done, if needed, when new data is read in. This selection is equivalent to setting the X and Y axes at their current limits. *Log-plots allows you to select logarithmic X and/or Y axes. You must make this selection before doing any screen-plots! In the next upgrade (which may be available by June 1, 1989), you will be able to switch back and forth between linear ond log plots. *Refresh redraws the screen. *Auto-scale turns the automatic scaling for both axes back on. This is useful, for instance, if you have zoomed in on an area, and then want to zoom back out. *Main-menu takes you back to the main menu. Options menu: ------------- >Line< Symbol Plot/config-save Restore-plot/config OR >No-line< Symbol Plot/config-save Restore-plot/config *Line (or No-line) draws a straight line (or erases it) between the datapoints. *Symbol allows you to select a different symbol from the default. Any character is allowable (e.g. "a" or "M"). The characters T, S, and D are special cases; T corresponds to a triangle, S to a square, and D to a diamond. You make select no-symbol (i.e. light only one pixel per point) by typing "." at the prompt. Datafiles with more than 300 points automatically have no symbol, unless you select one for them. (Note that each symbol can only be screen-plotted in one color, yellow for triangles, red for squares, etc. If you change the symbols from their defaults, this can mean that the symbols will be a different color on the screen than the points at their centers (or the lines connecting them, if you have selected Line ). However, when plotted on an HPGL plotter, the symbol will be drawn in the same color as the center point or connecting line.) *Plot/config-save allows you to save the current Autograf configuration, including the data (see next paragraph), to a disk-file. You can do this at any point, even before you've read in any data. (You will not be allowed to save when you've read in data but not yet Screen-plotted it.)For instance, if you often use the same X and Y axes, and don't want them changed, you could set them using the Axes menu, save that configuration, and then Restore it each time you started Autograf. You may save as often as you wish. If you are in the midst of a complicated session, you could save it, shut down your computer, come back later, and restore it. Saving after a hardcopy will save all the information about the hardcopy, including labels, etc., so that, at a later time, you can easily generate another copy, or modify it first. If you will never use more than 16300 datapoints total in a given session (totalling all files), then skip this paragraph! When less than 16300 points have been read in, Autograf holds them all in memory, and the plot/config file which you save contains all the data. Once you exceed 16300 points, Autograf only remembers the names of the data files. This reduces the amount of disk space you need to save a plot, assuming you would keep the original data files on disk anyway. This means that when you restore a plot/config file for a session with more than 16300 points, you must have all of the datafiles (or massaged files) on disk, in the same directories as they were when you saved. Also, if you do any massaging during a session in which you expect to exceed 16300 points total, you should save the massaged version to disk before reading in any more data (Autograf will remind you to do this), and Autograf will force you to save it before doing anything which causes a screen refresh, e.g. doing a Hard-copy. *Restore-plot/config restores Autograf to exactly the same conditions as when a previous save was done. Screen-plot: ------------ When you make this selection, the most recently-read in dataset is screen-plotted (along with any previous datasets). If necessary, Autograf will automatically rescale the screen-plot to accommodate the new data (if you haven't turned off the autoscaling, or set your own axes). A label appears at the bottom of the screen showing the filename, with the symbol being used to show it in parentheses (T=triangle, S=square, D=diamond). Cursor section: --------------- The cursor is a crosshair (looks like + ) which you can move around using the arrow keys on your keypad. It provides a convenient way of reviewing the exact values of your data points, as well as performing other special-purpose functions. The cursor works in two different modes, Point-jumping and Free. The mode is displayed in the lower right corner of your screen. The cursor starts off in point-jumping mode. Cursor Point-jumping mode: The cursor begins positioned on the first point in the current datafile (the last file read in). The coordinates of this point are displayed in the lower left corner of the screen. All the commands available are displayed on the screen. Pressing the right arrow key moves the cursor to the second point in the datafile (note that, depending on your data, point #2 might actually be to the right, left, above, or below point #1). Holding down the right arrow key scans the cursor "forward" through your data (i.e. towards the end of it), while holding down the left arrow scans it "backward" (toward the beginning). If you first hold down the Shift key, and then press one of the arrow keys, the cursor will move ten points at a time, instead of one point at a time. Pressing the Esc key returns you to the main menu. The next two paragraphs deal with special-purpose features of the Cursor section, Point-jumping mode. Feel free to skip them and proceed to the section on "Cursor Free Mode". Pressing S causes Autograf to seek the next "reversal" in the x-value trend of the datapoints. That is to say, it looks at the points immediately after the one where the cursor is positioned, determines whether their x-values have an increasing or decreasing trend, and then scans forward through the dataset looking for a reversal in that trend. If it finds one, it moves the cursor there. Consider the dataset represented schematically below (the numbers refer to the number of each point, the X's to the X-axis, and the Y's to the Y-axis). Y Y Y Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 Y 6 Y 12 7 Y 11 8 Y 9 Y 10 Y XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Assume the cursor is at point 1, and that you give the S command. Autograf scans the points after #1 (points 2, 3 and 4), determines that their x-values are increasing, then scans forward to find where the x-values begin to decrease. It finds this reversal at point 6, and so it moves the cursor there. If you issue another S command at this point, Autograf scans points 7, 8, and 9, determines that their x-values are decreasing, then scans forward through the rest of the data (points 10, 11, and 12) to find where the x-values begin to increase. There is no such place, so it prompts you: Reversal not found (<CR> to continue) and leaves the cursor on point 6. Pressing I inserts a break-point at the point on which the cursor is positioned. This has only two effects: 1) it changes the screen color of the center point (or connecting line) for all points after the break-point (the color of the symbol around the center point stays the same), and 2) it causes a pause when you later make a plotter hardcopy, allowing you to change pens or specify a different pen for the data after the break-point. All other operations, including massaging, are not affected by break-points. You may set up to nine break points per file. To avoid confusion, you should set them in order (e.g., don't first set a break at point #200 and then set one at point #113, but rather first set the break at #113 and then the one at #200). Cursor Free Mode: By pressing F , you change the cursor from Point-jumping to Free mode. The mode appears in the bottom right corner of the screen. Once in free mode, the cursor will move anywhere on the screen, not just from datapoint to datapoint. The following commands are available in this mode (they are displayed on the screen to remind you): Arrow-keys (left, right, up, and down) move the cursor. Its coordinates are displayed in the lower left corner of the screen. By holding down the shift key before pressing an arrow key, you can make the cursor move in bigger steps. The Esc key returns you to the main menu. Fits: ----- You will be prompted for minimum and maximum values of X. Then, Autograf will fits any data points in the range you have specified to a straight line, and plot this line on the screen. Note: the line drawn is only a screen image. It will not be reproduced on a plotter hardcopy. If you want it to come out on the plotter hardcopy, then use the "Theorypoly" datafile (see section on Data above). The Fits section automatically transfers its data to the Theorypoly section, so you don't need to set the C(0) and C(1) manually. Hard-copy menu: --------------- >Plotter< Screen-dump HPGL-file *Plotter brings you to the Plotter submenu. *Screen-dump allows you to format the screen a little more nicely before you do a screen-dump. You can type in axis labels and an overall label for the graph. *HPGL-file directs Autograf to send plotter commands to a disk file, rather than to a plotter. This is only useful if you have a high-quality printer and HPGL emulation software for it. For instance, if you have an HP LaserJet printer, the program "LaserPlotter" (available from MicroMath Scientific Software 801-943-0290) will take the HPGL command file which is output by Autograf and change it into a format suitable for high-quality LaserJet output. After prompting you for the name of the HPGL command file, Autograf will take you to the Plotter menu. Proceed just as if you were actually connected to a plotter (i.e. make your Char-size ,etc. selections, if desired, and then select Go ). Plotter submenu: >Go< Char-size Plotter-setup Symbol Data-Labels Y-label-angle This menu is only useful if you have an HPGL Plotter (or HPGL emulation software). All selections on this menu affect only the plotter output (except the Symbol, which you can also set using the Options menu). Note that you don't need to select anything here other than Go to get a standard plot. *Go tells Autograf to go ahead and begin plotting *Char-size allows you to specify the size of the charaters used for the labels. Plotter-setup sub-submenu: >Speed< Plot-size Com-port-# Speed sub-sub-submenu: >Paper< Transparency Numeric This sub-sub-submenu sets the pen speed. *Paper sets the pen to its maximum speed (default). *Transparency sets it to a slower speed, suitable for drawing on transparencies. *Numeric allows you to specify any speed you want. Plot-size sub-sub-submenu: >Standard< Expand/shrink Top-(half) Bottom Left Right Quad Manual-set This sub-sub-submenu sets the overall size of the plot. *Standard sets to the default size, whcih takes up most of an 8&1/2 by 11 sheet. *Expand/shrink allows you the make the plot bigger or smaller, while keeping it centered on the page. *Top-(half) (or Bottom) puts the plot on the top half (or bottom half) of the page. *Left (or Right) puts the plot on the left (or right) half. *Quad puts the plot into one of the four quadrants on the page (upper right, lower left, etc.). *Manual-set allows you to use the P1 and P2 controls on your plotter to place and size the plot however you like. P1 is the lower left corner of the plot, P2 the upper right. See your plotter manual for more details. Com-port-# allows you to set which serial port your plotter is connected to. *Symbol (on the Hard-copy menu) allows you to specify the symbol for each dataset (you can also do this using the Symbol selection under the Options menu), whether it should be open or filled, and the size of all the symbols (standard size is 1). *Data-labels allows you to specify that you want labels of the form (Symbol)=(you type in a label) drawn on the plot. You may also specify where on the plot these labels will be drawn: the upper-left corner, the lower-right, etc. For all labels (data-labels, axis-labels, and graph-label), you may use subscripts by enclosing them in square brackets. For instance, R[x] would come out as a normal-sized R with a smaller x as a subscript. You may use superscripts by enclosing them in inverted square brackets, e.g. R]super[ . *Y-label-angle lets you specify whether the label for the Y-axis should be written horizontally (default) or vertically. If you use horizontal labels, then, if any single word in your label is too long, part of the label will not be displayed because there isn't enough room for it in the left margin. The exact maximum length depends on your choice of Plot-size , Char-size , and the number of subscripts and superscripts in it. For standard-sized characters, a standard-sized plot, and no subscripts or superscripts, the maximum number of characters in a given word is eight. (Subscripts and superscripts take up less space than ordinary characters.) If you are in doubt as to whether a particular word will fit, hyphenate it, and put a space after the hyphen, e.g. hyphen- ate . Autograf automatically breaks up a horizontal Y-axis label into its component words, by looking for the spaces between words, and typesets the label accordingly. The next major version of Autograf will warn you if the label you have typed in contains any word which are too long. (This version may be available be June 1, 1989.) After plotting all of your datasets, Autograf will prompt you for labels for the x and y axes, and for an overall label for the graph. If you don't want one of these labels, just type <CR> at the prompt. (If you have already done a different plot during the session, Autograf will remember the labels you used and offer them as defaults. In this case, typing <CR> would accept this default, so if you don't want any label, type a space followerd by <CR>.) Massage menu: ------------- >Math< Examine Rearrange Drift Help Point-range Back-to-main Massaging is only allowed for linear plots (i.e. not for log-log or semi-log plots). This deficiency will be remedied in the next upgrade, which may be available as early as June 1, 1989. Massaging only affects the current dataset (the last one read in). Most of the functions in the Massage menu can be applied to either the X or the Y values. For example, using the Math submenu, you can add a constant to either the X's or the Y's. Autograf will prompt you as appropriate to find out which you want. In the following discussion, XorY means your choice of X or Y. All functions which affect the data automatically generate a comment which will appear at the beginning of the output file (that is, if you decide to output the massaged version of your data to disk, and if the input file had comments-- if it didnt't, comments will not be added to the output file). For example, if you have selected Add (from the Math submenu), you decide to add to the X's, and the constant you are adding is 5.2, the automatically-generated comment will be X + 5.2 Autograf will also ask you for explanatory comments after such operations. Your response (if any) to this question will be enclosed in parentheses in the output file. Say, in the above example, you answer Compensate for zero offset when Autograf prompts you for a comment. Then, the comments generated by the operation would be X + 5.2 (Compensate for zero offset) Most of the information which follows about massaging is available by selecting Help . Math submenu: >Multiply< Add Exponentiate Invert RMS *Multiply XorY -> XorY * constant *Add XorY -> XorY + constant *Exponentiate XorY -> (XorY)^constant *Invert XorY -> 1/(XorY) *RMS You specify a range of X-values, then Autograf calculates the average Y for all points in that range, and the RMS deviation from that average (or from some other baseline specified by you). Examine submenu: >List-comments< Add-comments Review-data *List-comments review the comments for the last datafile read in, including a record of a massaging done. *Add-comments add comments for the output file *Review-data allows you to type in a point number, and then Autograf will display its coordinates. Rearrange submenu: >Sort< Flip Point-#-convert Interpolate 3-d *Sort sorts the data in order of increasing X. This sort is not very cleverly implemented in this version, so it may take a while for datasets of more than 400 points. *Flip invert the order of the data points, so that the first point becomes the last and the last becomes the first. *Point-#-convert replace one of the columns of data with the point # *Interpolate add more data by linearly interpolating between each pair of points. (Note that it is not necessary to use this command to generate a straight line between points-- use the Line selection on the Options menu for that.) *3-d add x and y offsets to specified segments of the data to produse a pseudo-three-dimensional plot. Your data should be in the following format to use this feature: several traces (listed one after the other in your data file, with no breaks between) over the same range of x-values. Before using the 3-d massage option, the several traces should lie on top of one another. They are assumed each to have the same number of points. The function of the 3-d option is to separate them. This is represented schematically below, where the a's represent one trace, the b's another, and the c's a third, while the X's represent the X-axis and the Y's the Y-axis Y Y c Y Y c Y Y c c Y Y b c c c Y Y b c c c Y Y b c b c Y a Y a b b b Y b Y a b b b Y c c -------> Y a b a b Y a b a Y a a a Y b a b Y a a a Y c c Y a a Y Y XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Drift: Let's assume you have a dataset in which you have swept the X variable up and then back down (with time passing during the sweep), but the Y variable at the end of the sweep doesn't match its value at the beginning. Depending on your experiment, the difference could be due to zero drift. In trying to compensate for the effects of drift, the simplest possible assumption is that the zero drifted at a constant rate during the course of the experiment. This is what the Drift selection does. In this example, when Autograf asks you Initial Y baseline (i.e. subtract how much from first Y)? you would type in 0<CR> Then, when Autograf asks you Final Y baseline (i.e. subtract how much from last Y)? you would type in the difference between the Y you measured at the end of your sweeps up and back and the Y you measured at the beginning. Say this difference is 30. Autograf would subtract numbers, which started at 0 for the first point and increased linearly to 30 for the last point from the Y-values. Help This selection brings you to a series of help messages for the massage menu, which are displayed, line by line, at the bottom of the screen. To scroll through them, use the keypad (up and down arrow keys, Pg Up, Pg Dn, End and Home). Exit back to the Massage menu by pressing E . Point-range Use this selection to restrict the range of points to which your next selection on the massage menu will be applied. The restriction will only apply to the very next function. If you go back to the Main-menu before choosing a subsequent function, the restriction will be cancelled. For example, you could use the Point-range selection, followed by Math and Add to add a constant to only points #213 to 453. Back-to-main Returns you to the main menu. If you have made any changes to the data, Autograf will automatically update the screen at this point. Quit menu: ---------- >Exit-autograf< Reset Cancel *Exit-autograf returns you to DOS. *Reset resets Autograf to its start-up configuration, erasing the screen and all data in memory. *Cancel returns you to the main menu. Telephone support: ------------------ Unregistered users are allowed one session of telephone support (though, if we are unable to resolve your question at that time, we may allow more). If you have questions which cannot be answered by the manual, call Walter F. Smith at (617) 628-3964 (6:30 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. eastern time only). This number is valid only until Sept. 1, 1989. Once you become a registered user, you will be kept up to date on the phone number for quickest service. (The address listed on the registration form is permanent.) Registration Information ------------------------ Autograf (TM) is a copyrighted program protected by both U.S. and international copyright law. You are authorized to use it for a limited period of time under the terms of the Autograf license agreement. After this time is up, you must register and pay for Autograf to continue using it. This method of distribution is known as "shareware". It allows you to determine whether Autograf meets your need before you pay for it. The registation fee for a single copy of Autograf is $15. Payment of this fee entitles you to: *A disk containing the latest version of Autograf and its manual, registered to you. *One free upgrade to the next version of Autograf, and reduced rates on future upgrades. *Continued technical support via mail or telephone. *Inclusion on our mailing list, so that you will receive announcements of upgrades and new products. Discounts for large quantity license purchases are available; contact Walter F. Smith for more information. The form below is available separately in the file AGREG.FRM for your convenience. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Autograf Registration Form Return to: Walter F. Smith R.D. 1 Petersburg, NY 12138 Autograf version 127 Quantity Price Disk containing latest update and manual and next update ($15) ________ ________ (Sales tax included where required.) Shipping outside US ($5) ________ ________ Total enclosed ________ Please specify 5.25____ or 3.5____ diskette. Check here to have us contact you about large quantity purchases _____. Terms: All payments must be in U.S. funds, and must be made by check, cashier's check, or money order. Personal checks may be subject to bank clearance delay before shipment. Name: _____________________________________________ Company: _____________________________________________ Address: _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Phone (optional): ( ) - I have read and agree to abide by the Autograf license agreement: (Signature) _____________________________________________________ Where did you get Autograf? ___________________________________________ Please use the back of this page for any comments or suggestions. ______________________________________________________________________________ Autograf license agreement YOU MUST READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS BEFORE USING AUTOGRAF. USING AUTOGRAF INDICATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. (1) The Autograf program and all other programs and documentation distributed or shipped with it are copyrighted works protected by U.S. and international copyright law. In the rest of this document, this collection of programs and documentation is referred to simply as "Autograf". You are granted a license to use your copy of Autograf only under the terms and conditions specified in this license agreement. (2) Autograf is a commercial software package. It is not free, and is not in the public domain. It is distributed as shareware, which means that, before you pay for the package, you may try it and see if you want to continue using it. You may use Autograf free for a trial period of up to 21 days. If you wish to continue using Autograf after that period, you must pay a registration fee. If you choose not to pay the registration fee, you must stop using Autograf and remove it from your computer, though you are still free to keep copies and pass them along to others. (3) You may use your copy of Autograf on a single computer. You may also install it on a computer attached to a network, or remove it from one computer and install it on another, provided there is no possibility that a single copy of Autogarf will be used on more than one computer at a time. (4) You may copy Autograf for backup purposes, and you may give unmodified copies to other individuals, which they may also use and copy under the terms of this agreement. You may also copy Autograf onto publicly-accessible "electronic bulletin-boards", as long as the "bulletin-board" onto which you copy it is not devoted exclusively to "public-domain" software ("public-domain" is different from "shareware"). Others may obtain a copy of Autograf from such "bulletin-boards", which they may use and copy under the terms of this agreement. If you copy Autograf for others, or copy it onto a "bulletin-board", you must include all of the files distributed with it (i.e.: AUTOGRAF.EXE, AGMANUAL.DOC, AGREADME.DOC, AGREG.FRM, and AGSAMPLE.DAT). (5) Once you obtain a license for use of Autograf beyond the 21-day trial period, you may transfer ownership of your license to another person, provided that, when you do so, you stop using Autograf, remove it from your computer, and notify Walter F. Smith of the new owner. (6) You may NOT distribute Autograf other than by passing individual copies to friends and associates for their individual use, and by copying it onto publicly-accessible "electronic bulletin-boards" (as restricted above). Specifically, you may NOT place Autograf of any part of the Autograf package in any commercial library without express written permission from Walter F. Smith, and you may not distribute for a fee, or in any way sell copies of Autograf of any part of the Autograf package. Under no circumstances may Autograf be sold or distributed with another product without the express written permission of Walter F. Smith. (7) Autograf is a powerful program. While we have attempted to build in reasonable safeguards, if you do not use Autograf properly, you may destroy files or cause other damage to your computer software and data. You assume full responsibility for the selection and use of Autograf to achieve your intended results; in no event shall Walter F. Smith or Martin G. Forrester be responsible for any damages whatsoever due to errors in usage or your failure to read, understand, or follow instructions in the documentation. (8) Limited Warranty This program is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantibility and fitness for a particualr purpose. The entire risk as to quality and performance of the program is with you. Should the program prove defective, you assume the entire cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or correction. Some states do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties, so the above exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. Walter F. Smith warrants the diskette on which a registered copy of the program is furnished to be free from defects in the material and workmanship under normal use for a period of thirty (30) days from the date of delivery to you as evidenced by a copy of your receipt. The defective diskette must be returned to Walter F. Smith for this warranty to be effected. (9)Limitations of remedies Walter F. Smith's and Martin G. Forrester's liability and your exclusive remedy shall be: - The replacement of the diskette if you have met the conditions as described under "Limited Warranty" OR - A full refund if Walter F. Smith is unable to deliver a diskette free from defects in materials or workmanship. In no event will Walter F. Smith or Martin G. Forrester be liable to you for any damages including any lost profits, lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use such program even if Walter F. Smith or Martin G. Forrester has been advised of the possibility of such damages or any claim by any other party. Some states do not allow the limitation or exclusion of liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. (10)You may not sublicense, assign, or transfer the license or the limited warranties of the program except as expressly provided in this agreement. Any attempt otherwise to sublicense, assign, or transfer any of the rights, duties, or obligations hereunder is void. (11) If you do not agree with these terms and conditions, you do not have permission from the copyright holders to use Autograf, and you must stop using it and remove it from your computer. (12) Any use or distribution of Autograf which violates this license agreement will be considered a copyright violation, and proscuted to the full extent of the law. Should you have any questions concerning this agreement, you may contact Walter F. Smith by writing to: Walter F. Smith R.D. 1 Petersburg, NY 12138 You acknowledge that you have read this agreement and understand it and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions. You further agree that it is the complete and exclusive statement of the agreement between us which supercedes any proposal or prior agreement, oral or written, and any other communications between us relating to the subject matter of this agreement.