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- Introduction
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- .c2.Overview
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- At the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, diverse
- groups are working on supercomputing projects of many kinds.
- The Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) was designed to make the
- sharing of data between different people, different projects, and
- different types of computers easy and self-describing. An
- extensible header, along with carefully crafted internal layers,
- provides a system that can grow along with the software that we
- develop. This chapter provides a brief overview of HDF
- capabilities and design.
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- What Is HDF?
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- HDF is a growth-oriented approach to file format design. Rather
- than try to address all of the short term issues in a fixed format, or
- attempt to solve all of the hard problems in an all-purpose format,
- HDF defines a framework for continued future growth. New
- calling interfaces can be defined that are compatible with old ones.
- Files can be made upwardly compatible for years to come without
- giving up added power in the future. HDF also makes it easy for
- the user to include annotations, titles, and specific descriptions of
- the data in the file, so that files can be archived with human-
- readable information about their origins.
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- HDF uses the concept of a tagged, or object oriented, file
- organization. The idea is to store both a known format description
- and the data in the same file. HDF tags describe the format of the
- data because each tag is assigned a specific meaning╤one tag is
- assigned to "File Identifier," another is assigned to "Raster
- Image," and so on (see Figure 1). A program that has been written
- to understand a certain list of tag types can scan the file for those
- tag types and process the data. This program also can ignore any
- data that is beyond its scope.
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- Figure 1 Raster Image Sets in an HDF File
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- HDF files never need to become out of date. For example, suppose a
- site falls far behind in the HDF standard, so its users can only
- work with the portions of the specification that are 3 years old.
- Users at this site might want to import files from NCSA. Even with
- the more advanced data files, they can list the types of data in the
- file. All of the older tag types that they understand are still
- accessible, despite the fact that they are mixed in with new kinds of
- data. In addition, if the more advanced site uses the text annotation
- facilities of HDF effectively, the files will arrive with complete
- human-readable descriptions of how to decipher the new tag types.
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- To present a convenient user interface, made up of something other
- than a list of tag types with their associated data requirements,
- HDF supports multiple calling interfaces. The low level calling
- interface for manipulating tags and raw data is designed to be
- used by systems programmers who are providing the higher level
- interfaces for applications like raster image storage or scientific
- data archiving.
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- An important issue in data file design is that of machine
- independence or transportability. The HDF design is not machine
- independent, but it defines the data completely. HDF requires you
- to fully specify all number types used, so conversion programs can
- identify what number formats are being used and do the
- conversions when needed.
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- i NCSA HDF Specifications
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- Introduction i
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- National Center for Supercomputing Applications
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- March 1989
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