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- Chapter 5 Other Formats
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- Chapter Overview
- File Formats
- CGM╨Computer Graphics Metafile
- PICT2, Resources╨Macintosh Standard
- TIFF╨Scanner Companies
- CDF╨Common Data Format
- FITS╨Flexible Image Transfer System
- PHIGS and PHIGS+
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- .c2.Chapter Overview
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- This chapter briefly describes several of the currently available
- file formats and compares their features with those of HDF.
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- File Formats
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- There are numerous data formats in use today, some designed
- with objectives very similar to those of HDF. We encounter many
- of these at NCSA, and expect to continue to work with them in the
- future. The following sections describe some of the important data
- formats in use and compare their usability to that of HDF.
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- CGM╨Computer Graphics
- Metafile
- CGM is an ANSI standard format for storing graphics in files,
- specifically graphics created with GKS libraries. It covers simple
- vectors, polygons, and raster images up to 24 bits deep. Many
- computing sites are using CGM, but they are quickly finding its
- limitations. For example, CGM does not allow simulation source
- data and an image of that data to be in the same file. Some
- implementations of CGM are not compatible with others, so there is
- now a SLATEC document that explicitly defines a subset of CGM
- for all DOE and NSF sites to implement.
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- PICT2,
- Resources╨Macintosh
- Standard
- The PICT format is extensible and already contains most of the
- primitives that are needed, including a one-to-one mapping with
- QuickDraw. Two problems with PICT are (1) it is a serial format
- and (2) it is proprietary. The Macintosh disk format includes what
- are called resources; the resource types are similar to HDF's tags,
- assigned for each new need that arises. This also is proprietary
- and is a difficult standard to use because MacOS defines most of its
- uses for operating system purposes, not generic data storage.
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- TIFF╨Scanner Companies
- Microsoft and Aldus developed the TIFF format, which is very
- similar to HDF. TIFF defines a linked list of tag blocks in the file,
- with each tag block describing one image. There is no mechanism
- in place to help the standard grow in a regular fashion. One of the
- side effects is that each block of tags describes one frame which ties
- the file structure in with the data structure. The developers of TIFF
- defined only most of the tags necessary for scanner companies
- and then stopped. The irregular use of this standard by
- commercial companies makes it a moving target.
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- CDF╨Common Data
- Format
- This calling interface and format was developed at NASA for use
- with scientific data sets. It defines all data sets as multi-
- dimensional arrays of multiple variables and allows you to
- include any number of single variables. The NCAR UNIDATA
- project has implemented the Fortran interface and adapted it for
- use in C. At NCAR, they use XDR (from Sun) to store the files
- instead of the original CDF Fortran method of using multiple files
- for one dataset on a VAX. CDF is not a good, transportable file
- format, but a very interesting calling interface for storage of
- scientific data. Its developers are reportedly working on methods
- for storing more than one array element at a time. There are only
- eight data types so far, defined as they are in VAX Fortran.
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- HDF can support many calling interfaces and the CDF interface
- may be a good one to support, for it has both C and Fortran
- interfaces.
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- FITS╨Flexible Image
- Transfer System
- The FITS file format is primarily used for astronomy; it was one
- of the first tagged formats. Each tag is an ASCII string in the
- header record. The data can be of several types and is stored in
- multi-dimensional arrays. The file is in Fortran records of a
- fixed length. For Fortran-based systems that store only scientific
- data, FITS is still applicable.
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- PHIGS and PHIGS+
- PHIGS and PHIGS+ are being adopted as standards for a calling
- interface to be used by high performance graphics programs. Most
- manufacturers of expensive graphics equipment will be providing
- PHIGS interfaces. They have not, as yet, defined a file storage
- format for PHIGS calls, so you have to send the source code with
- your image. We are interested in adopting a PHIGS compatible
- vector/polygon standard in HDF.
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- 5.1 NCSA HDF Specifications
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- Other Formats 5.1
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- National Center for Supercomputing Applications
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- March 1989
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- 5.1 NCSA HDF Specifications
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- Other Formats 5.1
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- National Center for Supercomputing Applications
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- March 1989
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