TOTAL AREA: 2,345,410 sq km (904,471 sq mi); LAND AREA: 2,267,600 sq km (874,465 sq mi)
COMPARATIVE AREA: slightly more than one-quarter the size of US
LAND BOUNDARIES: 10,271 km (6,382 mi) total; Angola 2,511 km (1,560 mi), Burundi 233 km (145 mi), Central African Republic 1,577 km (979 mi), Congo 2,410 km (1,498 mi), Rwanda 217 km (135 mi), Sudan 628 km (390 mi), Uganda 765 km (475 mi), Zambia 1,930 km (1,199 mi)
COASTLINE: 37 km (23 mi)
MARITIME CLAIMS:
EXCLUSIVE FISHING ZONE: 200 nm
TERRITORIAL SEA: 12 nm
DISPUTES: short section of boundary with Zambia is indefinite; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika is indefinite pending settlement of the Zaire-Zambia boundary; long section with Congo along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made)
CLIMATE: tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator--wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator--wet season November to March, dry season April to October
TERRAIN: vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east
NET MIGRATION RATE: - 2 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
INFANT MORTALITY RATE: 107 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: 51 years male, 54 years female (1989)
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE: 6.2 children born/woman (1989)
NATIONALITY: noun--Zairian(s); adjective--Zairian
ETHNIC DIVISIONS: over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes--Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population
RELIGION: 50% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 10% Kimbanguist, 10% Muslim, 10% other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs
LANGUAGE: French (official), Lingala, Swahili, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba
LITERACY: 55% males, 37% females
LABOR FORCE: 15,000,000; 75% agriculture, 13% industry, 12% services; 13% wage earners (1981); 51% of population of working age (1985)
ORGANIZED LABOR: National Union of Workers of Zaire (UNTZA) is the only trade union
.GOVERNMENT OF ZAIRE
LONG-FORM NAME: Republic of Zaire
TYPE: republic with a strong presidential system
CAPITAL: Kinshasa
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: 8 regions (regions, singular--region) and 1 town* (ville); Bandundu, Bas-Zaire, Equateur, Haut-Zaire, Kasai-Occidental, Kasai-Oriental, Kinshasa*, Kivu, Shaba
INDEPENDENCE: 30 June 1960 (from Belgium; formerly Belgian Congo, then Congo/Leopoldville, then Congo/Kinshasa)
CONSTITUTION: 24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978
LEGAL SYSTEM: based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
NATIONAL HOLIDAY: Anniversary of the Regime (Second Republic), 24 November (1965)
BRANCHES: President elected originally in 1970 for seven-year term; Marshal Mobutu reelected July 1984; limits on reelection removed by new Constitution; unicameral legislature (310-member National Legislative Council elected for five-year term); the official party is the supreme political institution
CHIEF OF STATE: President Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko (since 24 November 1965)
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: Prime Minister KENGO wa Dondo (since November 1988)
SUFFRAGE: universal and compulsory over age 18
ELECTIONS: elections for rural collectivities' urban zone councils and for the Legislative Council of the Popular Movement of the Revolution were held June-September 1982; presidential referendum/election held July 1984, next scheduled for 1991
POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERS: Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR), only legal party
VOTING STRENGTH: Mobutu polled 99.6% of vote in the 1984 election
DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION: Ambassador MUSHOBEKWA Kalimba wa Katana; Chancery at 1800 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 234-7690 or 7691
U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE POST: Ambassador William C. HARROP; Embassy at 310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa (mailing address is APO New York 09662); telephone 886; there is a US Consulate General in Lubumbashi
FLAG: light green with a yellow disk in the center bearing a black arm holding a red flaming torch; the flames of the torch are blowing away from the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
.ECONOMY OF ZAIRE
OVERVIEW: In 1988, in spite of large mineral resources and one of the most developed and diversified economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, Zaire had a GDP per capita of $170, one of the lowest on the continent. Agriculture, a key sector of the economy, employs over 75% of the population but generates only 30% of GDP. The main impetus for economic development has been the extractive industries. Mining and mineral processing accounts for about one-third of GDP and two-thirds of total export earnings. During the period 1983-88 the economy experienced slow growth, high inflation, a rising foreign debt, and a drop in foreign exchange earnings. Recent increases in foreign prices for copper--a key export earner--and other minerals offer some hope of reversing the economic decline. Zaire is the world's largest producer of diamonds.
GDP: $5.0 billion, per capita $170; real growth rate 2.5% (1987)
INFLATION RATE (CONSUMER PRICES): 90.4% (1987)
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: NA%
BUDGET: revenues $878 million; expenditures $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $53 million (1988)
IMPORTS: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities-- consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels; partners-- US, Belgium, France, FRG, Italy, Japan, UK
EXTERNAL DEBT: $7.1 billion (December 1988)
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION: growth rate NA%
ELECTRICITY: 2,534,000 kW capacity; 5,547 million kWh produced, 170 kWh per capita (1988)
INDUSTRIES: mining, mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, and cigarettes), processed foods and beverages, cement, diamonds
AGRICULTURE: cash crops--coffee, palm oil, rubber, quinine; food crops--manioc, bananas, root crops, corn; an illegal producer of cannabis for the international drug trade
RAILROADS: 5,254 km (3,262 mi) total; 3,968 km 1.067-meter gauge (851 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-meter gauge; 136 km 0.615-meter gauge; 1,025 km 0.600-meter gauge
HIGHWAYS: 146,500 km (90,976 mi) total; 2,550 km bituminous, 46,450 km gravel and improved earth; remainder unimproved earth
INLAND WATERWAYS: 15,000 km (9,320 mi) including the Congo, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes
PIPELINES: refined products 390 km (242 mi)
PORTS: Matadi, Boma, Banana
MERCHANT MARINE: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 41,802
GRT/60,496 DWT; includes 1 passenger-cargo, 3 cargo
CIVIL AIR: 36 major transport aircraft
AIRPORTS: 318 total, 267 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 71 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
BRANCHES: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Logistics Corps, Special Presidential Brigade
MILITARY MANPOWER: males 15-49, 7,590,988; 3,835,611 fit for military service
MILITARY BUDGET: NA
.TRAVEL IN ZAIRE
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS: Passport and visa required. Transit visa, valid up to 8 days, single entry $8; double entry $16. Tourist visa, valid 1 month $20, 2 months $40, and 3 months $50, requires 3 photos, 3 applications, and onward/return ticket. Business visa valid 6 months, $60, need company letter assuming financial responsibility for traveler. No personal checks accepted. Send money order and enclose SASE for return of passport by mail. Vaccination certificate required for yellow fever.
HEALTH: Zaire recommends typhoid vaccination. Tapwater is not potable. Malaria suppressants are recommended. Health requirements change; check latest information.
TOURIST OFFICE: Department du Tourisme, 15, avenue des Clinques, [B.P. 12348], Kinshasa-Gombe; Tel 30235, 31252, 32668.
WEATHER AND CLOTHING: Clothing suitable for hot, humid weather is appropriate. Sweaters are advisable in Bukavu and Lubumbashi. Rainwear is essential.
TELEPHONE: When direct dialing to Zaire from the U.S., dial 011 (international access code) + 243 [country code] + (city code) + local number.
TIME: Kinshasa is 6 hours ahead of U.S. Eastern Standard Time, and 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.
ELECTRIC CURRENT: 220V
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day (Jan 1); Day of the Martyrs for Independence (Jan 4); Labor Day (May 1); MPR Day (May 20); Anniversary of the New Constitution (Jun 24); Independence Day (Jun 30); Parent's Day (Aug 1); Youth Day/President's Birthday (Oct 14); Armed Forces Day (Nov 17); Anniversary of the New Regime (Nov 24).
TOURIST ATTRACTIONS: Virunga National Park in eastern Zaire is one of the best game preserves in Africa (lions, elephants, hippos, birds); Kahuzi-Beiga Park (mountain gorillas). Kinshasa area: Presidential Gardens and Zoo, National Academy of Fine Arts, the central market, and Lac de Ma Valee.
IMPORTANT!! All requirements/recommendations are subject to change. Be sure to check latest information.