TOTAL AREA: 1,221,040 sq km (470,875 sq mi); LAND AREA: 1,221,040 sq km (470,875 sq mi); includes Walvis Bay, Marion Island, and Prince Edward Island
COMPARATIVE AREA: slightly less than twice the size of Texas
LAND BOUNDARIES: 4,973 km (3,090 mi) total; Botswana 1,840 km (1,143 mi), Lesotho 909 km (564 mi), Mozambique 491 km (305 mi), Namibia 1,078 km (669 mi), Swaziland 430 km (267 mi), Zimbabwe 225 km (139 mi)
COASTLINE: 2,881 km (1,790 mi)
MARITIME CLAIMS:
CONTINENTAL SHELF: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation
EXCLUSIVE FISHING ZONE: 200 nm
TERRITORIAL SEA: 12 nm
DISPUTES: administers Namibia until implementation of UN Resolution 435 on 1 April 1989
CLIMATE: mostly semiarid; subtropical along coast; sunny days, cool nights
TERRAIN: vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: 4 provinces; Cape, Natal, Orange Free State, Transvaal; there are 10 homelands not recognized by the US
U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE POST: 4 independent (Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, Venda) and 6 other (Gazankulu, Kangwane, KwaNdebele, KwaZulu, Lebowa, Qwaqwa)
INDEPENDENCE: 31 May 1910 (from UK)
CONSTITUTION: 3 September 1984
LEGAL SYSTEM: based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
NATIONAL HOLIDAY: Republic Day, 31 May (1910)
BRANCHES: state president is chief of state, head of government, and chairman of Cabinet; tricameral legislature--House of Assembly (whites), House of Representatives (Coloreds), and House of Delegates (Indians) elected directly by respective racial electorates; judiciary maintains substantial independence of government influence
CHIEF OF STATE: and Head of Government State President Frederick W. DE KLERK (since 6 September 1989, previously Acting State President since 15 August 1989)
SUFFRAGE: general suffrage limited to whites over 18 (17 in Natal Province) and to Coloreds and Indians over 18
ELECTIONS: must be held at least every five years; last white election held 6 September 1989; last Colored and Indian election held August 1984
POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERS: white political parties and leaders--National Party (NP), Frederik W. de Klerk; Progressive Federal Party (PFP), Zach De Beer; Conservative Party (CP), Dr. Andries P. Treurnicht (official opposition party); Herstigte National Party (HNP), Jaap Marais; National Democratic Movement (NDM), Wynand Malan; Independent Party (IP), Denis Worrall; New Republic Party (NRP), Bill Sutton--now dissolved but still holds a seat; Colored political parties and leaders--Labor Party, Allan Hendrickse (majority party); Democratic Reform Party, Carter Ebrahim; People's Congress Party, Peter Marais; Indian political parties and leaders--New Solidarity, J. N. Reddy (majority party), National People's Party, Amichand Rajbansi
VOTING STRENGTH: (May 1987 election) total white parliamentary seats--178 (166 elected, 12 nominated or appointed); NP, 132 seats (52.6%); CP, 23 seats (26.6%); PFP, 17 seats (14.1%); NDM, 3; NRP, 1 (1.9%); IP, 1 seat (1.3%); HNP, no seat, (3.5%)
DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION: Ambassador Piet G. J. KOORNHOF; Chancery at 3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 232-4400; there are South African Consulates General in Beverly Hills (California), Chicago, Houston, and New York
U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE POST: Ambassador Edward J. PERKINS; Embassy at Thibault House, 225 Pretorius Street, Pretoria; telephone (12) 28-4266; there are US Consulates General in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg
FLAG: actually four flags in one--three miniature flags reproduced in the center of the white band of the former flag of the Netherlands which has three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and blue; the miniature flags are a vertically hanging flag of the old Orange Free State with a horizontal flag of the UK adjoining on the hoist side and a horizontal flag of the old Transvaal Republic adjoining on the other side
.ECONOMY OF SOUTH AFRICA
OVERVIEW: The relatively large and developed economy, based on mining and manufacturing, is more comparable to Western developed countries than other African countries. Manufacturing is the most important sector, contributing 22% to GDP in 1986. Mining, finance, insurance, real estate, business services, and domestic trade sectors are next in importance. The mining and agricultural sectors are more significant to the economy than suggested by GDP data, with both sectors being major employers. Almost 65% of exports come from mining, with gold contributing about 40%. In 1987 real GDP rose an estimated 2.6%, and early indications of a good agricultural year and higher mineral prices suggest continued modest growth in 1988. The high unemployment rate of 15-20%, particularly among black workers, is expected to continue as long as the economy grows less than the annual 5% needed to absorb new entrants into the labor force.
GDP: $81 billion, per capita $2,360; real growth rate 2.6% (1987)
INFLATION RATE (CONSUMER PRICES): 12.3% (1988)
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 19% (1987)
BUDGET: revenues $18.9 billion; expenditures $23.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.8 billion (FY89)
EXPORTS: $18.5 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities-- gold 40%, minerals and metals 23%, food 6%, chemicals 3%; partners-- US, UK, FRG, Japan, other EC, Hong Kong
IMPORTS: $15.3 billion (c.i.f., 1987); commodities-- machinery 27%, chemicals 11%, vehicles and aircraft 11%, textiles, scientific instruments, base metals; partners-- US, FRG, Japan, UK, France, Italy, Switzerland
EXTERNAL DEBT: $1.1 billion (March 1988)
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION: growth rate 2.6% (FY87)
ELECTRICITY: 34,232,000 kW capacity; 155,000 million kWh produced, 4,025 kWh per capita (1988)
INDUSTRIES: mining (world's largest producer of diamonds, gold, chrome), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer, foodstuffs
AGRICULTURE: corn, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, citrus, fruits, cattle and dairy products, sheep and wool; self-sufficient in foodstuffs
RAILROADS: 20,952 km (13,011 mi) route distance total; 34,393 km of 1.067-meter gauge trackage (counts double and multiple tracking as single track); 314 km of 0.61-meter gauge
HIGHWAYS: 188,309 km (116,939 mi) total; 54,013 km paved, 134,296 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth
PIPELINES: 931 km (578 mi) crude oil; 1,748 km (1,086 mi) refined products; 322 km (200 mi) natural gas
PORTS: Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Richard's Bay, Saldanha, Mosselbaai, Walvis Bay
MERCHANT MARINE: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 275,684 GRT/273,973 DWT; includes 7 container, 1 vehicle carrier, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker
CIVIL AIR: 81 major transport aircraft
AIRPORTS: 947 total, 814 usable; 115 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m; 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 209 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
TELECOMMUNICATIONS: the system is the best developed, most modern, and has the highest capacity in Africa; it consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, radio relay links, fiber optic cable, and radiocommunication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria; 4,500,000 telephones; stations--14 AM, 286 FM, 67 TV; 1 submarine cable; 1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT stations
.DEFENSE FORCES OF SOUTH AFRICA
BRANCHES: Army, Navy, Air Force, Medical Services
MILITARY MANPOWER: males 15-49, 9,296,906; 5,678,368 fit for military service; 412,806 reach military age (18) annually; obligation for service in Citizen Force or Commandos begins at 18; volunteers for service in permanent force must be 17; national service obligation is two years; figures include the so-called homelands not recognized by the US
MILITARY BUDGET: $4.1 billion, 15.2% of central government budget (FY89)
.TRAVEL IN SOUTH AFRICA
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS: Passport and visa required. Visa, valid 1 year, multiple entries if passport remains valid, no charge. Must have onward/return transportation and visa for next destination. Allow 1 month processing time and include prepaid envelope or postage for return of passport by certified mail. Visa must be obtained in advance. Check specific requirements for business travel and apply for visas from nearest Consulate. Vaccination certificate not required unless arriving from an area infected with yellow fever.
HEALTH: Standards are high and city water is potable. A cholera immunization is recommended if visiting an infected area. Avoid swimming in freshwater, which may be infested with bilharzia. Health requirements change; check latest information.
U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE: P.O. Box 62280, Johannesburg; Tel (11) 838-3134.
TOURIST OFFICES: South African Tourism Board, 9841 Airport Blvd. #1524, Los Angeles, CA 90045, Tel 213-641-8444; 747 Third Ave., 20th Floor, New York, NY 10017, Tel 212-838-8841, 800-822-5368.
WEATHER AND CLOTHING: Clothing suitable for central and southern California is appropriate.
TELEPHONE: When direct dialing to South Africa from the U.S., dial 011 (international access code) + 27 [country code] + (city code) + local number.
TIME: 7 hours ahead of U.S. Eastern Standard Time, and 2 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.
ELECTRIC CURRENT: 250V
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day (Jan 1); Founder's Day (Apr 6); Good Friday, Easter Monday, & Ascension Day (variable); Republic Day (May 31); Kruger Day (Oct 10); Day of the Vow (Dec 16); Christmas Day (Dec 25); Boxing Day (Dec 26).
TOURIST ATTRACTIONS: Kruger National Park for game viewing, the Cape of Good Hope National Park, and sandy beaches in Natal. Major cities offer cultural attractions as well.
IMPORTANT!! All requirements/recommendations are subject to change. Be sure to check latest information.