TOTAL AREA: 475,440 sq km (183,346 sq mi); LAND AREA: 469,440 sq km (181,032 sq mi)
COMPARATIVE AREA: slightly larger than California
LAND BOUNDARIES: 4,591 km (2852 mi) total; Central African Republic 797 km (495 mi), Chad 1,094 km (679 mi), Congo 523 km (325 mi), Equatorial Guinea 189 km (117 mi), Gabon 298 km (185 mi), Nigeria 1,690 km (1,050 mi)
COASTLINE: 402 km (249 mi)
MARITIME CLAIMS:
CONTINENTAL SHELF: not specific
TERRITORIAL SEA: 50 nm
DISPUTES: exact locations of the Chad-Niger-Nigeria and Cameroon-Chad-Nigeria tripoints in Lake Chad have not been determined, so the boundary has not been demarcated and border incidents have resulted; Nigerian proposals to reopen maritime boundary negotiations and redemarcate the entire land boundary have been rejected by Cameroon
CLIMATE: varies with terrain from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
TERRAIN: diverse with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
NATURAL RESOURCES: crude oil, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower potential
LAND USE: 13% arable land; 2% permanent crops; 18% meadows and pastures; 54% forest and woodland; 13% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
ENVIRONMENT: recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification
TEMPERATURE: in degrees Celsius (Fahrenheit)
Mar Jun Sep Dec
Ngaoundere 24 (75) 22 (71) 22 (71) 21 (70)
Yaounde 22 (71) 23 (74) 23 (73) 24 (75)
PRECIPITATION: in centimeters (inches)
Mar Jun Sep Dec
Ngaoundere 4 (1.7) 21 (8.1) 24 (9.3) 0 (0.1)
Yaounde 15 (5.7) 15 (5.9) 20 (8.0) 2 (0.8)
NOTE: sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: 10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest
INDEPENDENCE: 1 January 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration; formerly French Cameroon)
CONSTITUTION: 20 May 1972; judicial review by Supreme Court when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the president
LEGAL SYSTEM: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
NATIONAL HOLIDAY: National Day, 20 May (1972)
BRANCHES: executive (president), legislative (National Assembly), and judicial (Supreme Court)
CHIEF OF STATE AND HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)
SUFFRAGE: universal over age 21
ELECTIONS: parliamentary and presidential elections held April 1988
POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERS: Cameroon People's Democratic movement (known as the Cameroon People's National Union during the period 1966-85), Paul Biya, President
DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION: Ambassador Paul PONDI; Chancery at 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 265-8790 through 8794
U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE POST: Ambassador Mark L. EDELMAN; Embassy at Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde (mailing address is B. P. 817, Yaounde); telephone [237] 234014; there is a US Consulate General in Douala
FLAG: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
.ECONOMY OF CAMEROON
OVERVIEW: Over the past decade the economy has registered a remarkable performance because of the development of an offshore oil industry. Real GDP growth annually averaged 10% from 1978 to 1985. In 1986 Cameroon had one of the highest levels of income per capita in tropical Africa, with oil revenues picking up the slack as growth in other sectors softened. Because of the sharp drop in oil prices, however, the economy is now experiencing serious budgetary difficulties and balance-of-payments disequalibrium. Oil reserves currently being exploited will be depleted in the early 1990s, so ways must be found to boost agricultural and industrial exports in the medium term. The Sixth Cameroon Development Plan (1986-91) stresses balanced development and designates agriculture as the basis of the country's economic future.
GDP: $12.3 billion, per capita $1,190; real growth rate 0.6% (1987)
INFLATION RATE (CONSUMER PRICES): 3.8% (FY88)
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 7% (1985)
BUDGET: revenues $2.17 billion; expenditures $2.2 17 billion, including capital expenditures of $833 million (FY88)
EXPORTS: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities-- petroleum products 56%, coffee, cocoa, timber, manufactures; partners-- EC (particularly the Netherlands) about 50%, US 3%
IMPORTS: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1987) commodities-- machines and electrical equipment, transport equipment, chemical products, consumer goods; partners-- France 42%, Japan 7%, US 4%
EXTERNAL DEBT: $4.0 billion (December 1988)
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION: growth rate - 6.4% (FY87)
ELECTRICITY: 752,000 kW capacity; 2,581 million kWh produced, 250 kWh per capita (1988)
AGRICULTURE: the agriculture and forestry sectors provide employment for the majority of the population, contributing nearly 25% to GDP and providing a high degree of self-sufficiency in staple foods; commercial and food crops include coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, livestock, root starches
AID: NA
CURRENCY: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
AIRPORTS: 63 total, 57 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 25 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
TELECOMMUNICATIONS: good system of open wire, cable, troposcatter, and radio relay; 26,000 telephones; stations--10 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations
.DEFENSE FORCES OF CAMEROON
BRANCHES: Army, Navy, Air Force; paramilitary Gendarmerie
MILITARY MANPOWER: males 15-49, 2,480,321; 1,249,356 fit for military service; 118,014 reach military age (18) annually
MILITARY BUDGET: NA
.TRAVEL IN CAMEROON
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS: Passport, visa, and return/onward ticket required. Tourist visa, valid up to 20 days, 1 entry, may be extended 10 days. Requires 2 photos, 2 applications, bank statement, and certificate of accommodation from friends or family with signature by authorities in Cameroon. For business visa, valid 3 months, need company letter to guarantee financial and legal responsibility, and including address and phone of contact in Cameroon. Enclose certified or special delivery prepaid envelope for return of passport. Obtain visa before arrival. Vaccination certificate required for yellow fever. Health requirements change; check latest information.
TOURIST OFFICES: Africa Travel Association, 516 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10036; Tel 212-944-2440. Secretariat of State for Tourism, Yaounde; Tel 22-44-11, 22-21-37.
TELEPHONE: When direct dialing to Cameroon from the U.S., dial 011 (international access code) + 237 [country code] + local number.
TIME: 6 hours ahead of U.S. Eastern Standard Time, and 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time
ELECTRIC CURRENT: 110V
IMPORTANT!! All requirements/recommendations are subject to change. Be sure to check latest information.