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- ID:E4 Expanded memory with EMS 4.0 board
- Quarterdeck Technical Note
- by Dan Sallitt
-
- Why won't my EMS 4.0 board give me a Largest Available Expanded
- Memory size greater than 0K?
-
- The Largest Available Expanded Memory value indicates the largest
- chunk of expanded memory that can be used to run a program in.
- When this value is 0, no program can run in expanded memory;
- multitasking can only occur in conventional memory.
-
- Three things are necessary before any expanded memory board can
- be used for multitasking with DESQview.
-
- 1) At least some memory below 640K must be able to take an
- expanded memory map; it must have expanded memory management
- hardware associated with it. For purchasers of expanded memory
- boards for the PC, XT, and 286 AT, this means disabling
- motherboard memory below 640K and filling out main memory with
- the expanded memory board. The more memory disabled and
- backfilled, the larger a chunk of expanded memory can be grabbed
- at one time to run a program in.
-
- 2) The board must be capable of mapping pages of expanded memory
- below 640K. If the board can't map pages of expanded memory
- below 640K, there's no point in disabling main memory. If the
- board can't map pages of expanded memory below, say, 256K,
- there's no point in disabling main memory below 256K.
-
- 3) The driver that manages the expanded memory on the board must
- be capable of mapping pages of expanded memory below 640K. Here
- again, any limitation on the driver's power is a limitation on
- the whole process.
-
- If these three conditions are met, the Largest Available Expanded
- Memory value will be equal to the amount of expanded memory that
- has been mapped below 640K. For purchasers of expanded memory
- boards, this means that the Largest Available Expanded Memory
- value will be equal to the quantity of memory that has been
- disabled on the motherboard and "backfilled" from the expanded
- memory board.
-
- (This exact equivalence is always the case for users with EGA and
- VGA boards. Due to DESQview's ability to map additional memory
- into available video areas above 640K, users of monochrome and
- Hercules video cards may see a Largest Available figure that is
- 64K greater than the size of the backfill; CGA users may see a
- figure 96K greater.)
-
- The catch: properties #2 and #3 are OPTIONAL for boards that meet
- the Expanded Memory Specification 4.0 (EMS 4.0). Let the buyer
- beware.
-
- DESQview would also like expanded memory hardware and software to
- permit the mapping of pages of expanded memory anywhere between
- 640K and 1024K. This property is very helpful in increasing the
- size of Largest Available Conventional Memory in DESQview, and
- the Largest Available Conventional Memory at the start of
- DESQview is an upper limit on Largest Available Expanded Memory.
- Again, this property is optional for boards that meet the EMS 4.0
- specification.
-
- It is worth repeating that even with a Largest Available
- Expanded Memory value of 0 you can still multitask as many
- programs as will fit in conventional memory; and you can still
- swap multiple programs in and out of expanded memory very
- quickly. The one thing you cannot do with a Largest Available
- Expanded Memory value of 0 is to multitask programs in expanded
- memory. Programs that are swapped to expanded memory under these
- circumstances are frozen until you swap them back into
- conventional memory.
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 by Quarterdeck Office Systems
- * * * E N D O F F I L E * * *