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- ID:D4 DOS 4.0 and Expanded Memory Drivers
- DESQview 2.+ Technical Note
-
- We have tested all of our products under DOS 4.0 and above and
- have not found any problems, other than mentioned below under the
- heading " Consumer Alert! - Using the "/X" parameter".
-
- DOS's Expanded Memory Drivers
-
- DOS 4.0 provides two files, XMAEM.SYS and XMA2EMS.SYS that can be
- used to provide expanded memory to some systems.
-
- XMAEM.SYS: This driver is used to emulate an IBM XMA card
- on 386 IBM machines. XMA is an IBM hardware specification
- which uses a bank-switching technique. It should be noted
- that on a hardware level, this is not EMS 3.2, EEMS or EMS
- 4.0. It is IBM's own method. The IBM 3270 Workstation
- program uses XMA in its native mode, but any program that
- uses LIM style memory requires an additional EMS emulation
- driver on top of XMAEM.SYS systems or XMA boards.
-
- XMA2EMS.SYS: This driver when used with a 386 that has
- XMAEM.SYS loaded or when used with an XMA board, emulates
- EMS 4.0. This driver seems to do a reasonably good job of
- emulating the EMS 4.0 spec, but is limited for DESQview
- users in that it cannot set EMS pages in the 0-640K area and
- cannot be made to set pages into high (640K-1meg) memory
- addresses other than the EMS 64K Page Frame. This driver
- can be used for DESQview program swapping, but not to
- support multi-tasking in expanded memory.
-
-
- Consumer Alert! - Using the "/X" Parameter
-
- Dos 4.0 defines EMS 4.0 pages 254 and 255 to be reserved for the
- use of the DOS 4.0 utilities: BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and VDISK. This
- function can be utilized by allocating specific physical 16K
- pages for P254 and P255 on the expanded memory driver line in
- CONFIG.SYS. These three utilities can then access this memory by
- giving them a "/X" parameter.
-
- This represents an addition to the EMS 4.0 specification by IBM,
- which is not supported by the specification as outlined by Lotus,
- Intel and Microsoft. It is not supported by Quarterdeck's QEMM
- driver or any other EMS 4.0 driver other than IBM's. Quarterdeck
- believes users should not use the "/X" switch to load any of the
- above mentioned utilities as other EMS 4.0 software will not be
- able to detect this special usage of EMS and may overwrite these
- pages. Since the BUFFERS driver contains directory information,
- this could lead to the loss of information on your hard disk.
-
- Later versions of DOS 4 correctly support the use of expanded
- memory for loading BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and VDISK. If you are using
- our Manifest product, it can detect whether your DOS correctly
- supports "/X" or not. To find out, boot up without using the
- "/X" parameter and then look at Manifest's "Hints". If one of
- the hints is to load your BUFFERS with the "/X" parameter, then
- you may assume it is safe to use. If you are unsure about
- whether your DOS correctly supports "/X", we strongly recommend
- you do not use the "/X" parameter for BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and VDISK
- at any time, whether using our products or not.
-
- ****************
-
- Comparison of XMAEM and XMA2EMS and DESQview's QEMM products:
-
- Unless you don't have the QEMM products, there is no particular
- reason to use the IBM drivers.
-
- On a 386: IBM's drivers (both of which must be used), take 19K
- of overhead vs. 1.5K for QEMM. It does not provide memory
- sorting, loading high of TSR's, caching of ROMS, virtual screen
- support or QEMM and the memory mapped can only be used as swap
- space. Even if you don't plan to run DESQview or load TSRs into
- high memory, QEMM is probably a faster and more robust driver.
-
- On expanded memory boards: The IBM drivers cannot be used on
- these boards. Only IBM XMA boards or 386 extended memory can
- support the drivers. You will still need to run the expanded
- memory driver that came with the board.
-
- On Model 50/60 with memory expansion: If you are not running
- DESQview, the IBM drivers will probably work well for expanded
- memory users such as Lotus 1-2-3, but do not provide the
- motherboard or 640K-1meg mapping that is desirable for multi-
- tasking programs and loading TSRs into high memory.
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 by Quarterdeck Office Systems
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