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|00006260| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00006270| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 32 30 20 |        |     20 |
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|00007e00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 | 61 72 74 20 30 3a 20 20 |       P|art 0:  |
|00007e10| 47 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 20 | 70 72 69 6e 63 69 70 6c |General |principl|
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|00007e50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
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|00007e90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 50 61 72 74 |        |    Part|
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|00007eb0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00007ec0| 20 20 50 61 72 74 20 34 | 3a 20 20 48 65 61 74 0a |  Part 4|:  Heat.|
|00007ed0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00007ee0| 20 20 20 50 61 72 74 20 | 35 3a 20 20 45 6c 65 63 |   Part |5:  Elec|
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|00007f10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 50 61 72 74 20 36 3a |        | Part 6:|
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|00007f50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00007f60| 20 20 50 61 72 74 20 37 | 3a 20 20 41 63 6f 75 73 |  Part 7|:  Acous|
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|00007fc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 50 61 72 |        |     Par|
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|00007ff0| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.       |        |
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|000080c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
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|0000a6a0| 30 20 73 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |0 s.    |        |
|0000a6b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 68 6f |        |      ho|
|0000a6c0| 75 72 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 68 20 20 20 |ur      |    h   |
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|0000a6f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 64 61 79 20 |        |    day |
|0000a700| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 64 20 20 20 20 20 |        |  d     |
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|0000a720| 70 6c 61 6e 65 20 61 6e | 67 6c 65 20 20 20 20 20 |plane an|gle     |
|0000a730| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 64 65 67 72 65 65 20 20 |        |degree  |
|0000a740| 20 20 20 20 20 20 c2 b0 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |      ..|        |
|0000a750| 31 c2 b0 20 3d 20 28 cf | 80 2f 31 38 30 29 20 72 |1.. = (.|./180) r|
|0000a760| 61 64 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ad.     |        |
|0000a770| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 6d 69 6e |        |     min|
|0000a780| 75 74 65 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 27 20 20 20 20 |ute     |   '    |
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|000135f0| 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 75 70 20 | 75 6e 69 74 20 63 6f 6e |look up |unit con|
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|00013610| 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.-------|--------|
|00013620| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00013630| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00013640| 2d 2d 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 | 70 6f 70 75 6c 61 72 20 |--..The |popular |
|00013650| 57 65 62 20 73 65 61 72 | 63 68 20 73 65 72 76 69 |Web sear|ch servi|
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|00013680| 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c | 0a 62 75 69 6c 74 2d 69 |powerful|.built-i|
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|00013700| 31 36 20 63 65 6e 74 69 | 6d 65 74 72 65 73 0a 0a |16 centi|metres..|
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|00013720| 70 65 72 20 66 6f 72 74 | 6e 69 67 68 74 0a 20 20 |per fort|night.  |
|00013730| 20 20 3d 3e 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 6f |  => the| speed o|
|00013740| 66 20 6c 69 67 68 74 20 | 3d 20 31 2e 38 30 32 36 |f light |= 1.8026|
|00013750| 31 37 35 20 c3 97 20 31 | 30 5e 31 32 20 66 75 72 |175 .. 1|0^12 fur|
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|000137a0| 77 77 2e 63 6f 6e 76 65 | 72 74 69 74 2e 63 6f 6d |ww.conve|rtit.com|
|000137b0| 2f 47 6f 2f 43 6f 6e 76 | 65 72 74 49 74 2f 4d 65 |/Go/Conv|ertIt/Me|
|000137c0| 61 73 75 72 65 6d 65 6e | 74 2f 43 6f 6e 76 65 72 |asuremen|t/Conver|
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|00013810| 63 68 20 61 73 3a 0a 0a | 20 20 68 74 74 70 3a 2f |ch as:..|  http:/|
|00013820| 2f 77 77 77 2e 67 6e 75 | 2e 6f 72 67 2f 73 6f 66 |/www.gnu|.org/sof|
|00013830| 74 77 61 72 65 2f 75 6e | 69 74 73 2f 0a 0a 41 20 |tware/un|its/..A |
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|00013850| 76 65 20 6c 69 73 74 20 | 6f 66 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 |ve list |of conve|
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|00013880| 74 68 65 0a 55 6e 69 74 | 65 64 20 53 74 61 74 65 |the.Unit|ed State|
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|000138a0| 6e 0a 0a 20 20 47 75 69 | 64 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 |n..  Gui|de for t|
|000138b0| 68 65 20 55 73 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 49 6e |he Use o|f the In|
|000138c0| 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 6f | 6e 61 6c 20 53 79 73 74 |ternatio|nal Syst|
|000138d0| 65 6d 20 6f 66 20 55 6e | 69 74 73 20 28 53 49 29 |em of Un|its (SI)|
|000138e0| 0a 20 20 4e 49 53 54 20 | 53 70 65 63 69 61 6c 20 |.  NIST |Special |
|000138f0| 50 75 62 6c 69 63 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 38 31 31 2c |Publicat|ion 811,|
|00013900| 20 31 39 39 35 20 45 64 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 62 | 1995 Ed|ition, b|
|00013910| 79 20 42 61 72 72 79 20 | 4e 2e 20 54 61 79 6c 6f |y Barry |N. Taylo|
|00013920| 72 2e 0a 20 20 41 70 70 | 65 6e 64 69 78 20 42 3a |r..  App|endix B:|
|00013930| 20 43 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 46 61 63 74 | Convers|ion Fact|
|00013940| 6f 72 73 0a 20 20 68 74 | 74 70 3a 2f 2f 70 68 79 |ors.  ht|tp://phy|
|00013950| 73 69 63 73 2e 6e 69 73 | 74 2e 67 6f 76 2f 50 75 |sics.nis|t.gov/Pu|
|00013960| 62 73 2f 53 50 38 31 31 | 2f 0a 0a 0a 33 2e 33 20 |bs/SP811|/...3.3 |
|00013970| 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 61 | What is| the exa|
|00013980| 63 74 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c |ct inter|national|
|00013990| 20 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 73 | definit|ion of s|
|000139a0| 6f 6d 65 20 6e 6f 6e 2d | 53 49 20 75 6e 69 74 73 |ome non-|SI units|
|000139b0| 3f 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |?.------|--------|
|000139c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000139d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000139e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000139f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a | 0a 20 20 75 6e 69 74 20 |-------.|.  unit |
|00013a00| 6e 61 6d 65 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |name    |        |
|00013a10| 20 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | symbol |        |
|00013a20| 20 20 65 78 61 63 74 20 | 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 69 |  exact |definiti|
|00013a30| 6f 6e 0a 0a 20 20 69 6e | 63 68 20 20 20 20 20 20 |on..  in|ch      |
|00013a40| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 69 6e |        |      in|
|00013a50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 69 |        |     1 i|
|00013a60| 6e 20 3d 20 32 35 2e 34 | 20 6d 6d 0a 20 20 66 6f |n = 25.4| mm.  fo|
|00013a70| 6f 74 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ot      |        |
|00013a80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 66 74 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |      ft|        |
|00013a90| 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 66 | 74 20 3d 20 31 32 20 69 |     1 f|t = 12 i|
|00013aa0| 6e 20 3d 20 30 2e 33 30 | 34 38 20 6d 0a 20 20 79 |n = 0.30|48 m.  y|
|00013ab0| 61 72 64 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ard     |        |
|00013ac0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 79 | 64 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |       y|d       |
|00013ad0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 | 79 64 20 3d 20 33 20 66 |      1 |yd = 3 f|
|00013ae0| 74 20 3d 20 30 2e 39 31 | 34 34 20 6d 0a 20 20 6d |t = 0.91|44 m.  m|
|00013af0| 69 6c 65 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ile     |        |
|00013b00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00013b10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 | 6d 69 6c 65 20 3d 20 35 |      1 |mile = 5|
|00013b20| 32 38 30 20 66 74 20 3d | 20 31 36 30 39 2e 33 34 |280 ft =| 1609.34|
|00013b30| 34 20 6d 0a 20 20 6e 61 | 75 74 69 63 61 6c 20 6d |4 m.  na|utical m|
|00013b40| 69 6c 65 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ile     |        |
|00013b50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 6e |        |     1 n|
|00013b60| 61 75 74 69 63 61 6c 20 | 6d 69 6c 65 20 3d 20 31 |autical |mile = 1|
|00013b70| 38 35 32 20 6d 0a 20 20 | 6b 6e 6f 74 20 20 20 20 |852 m.  |knot    |
|00013b80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00013b90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 |        |       1|
|00013ba0| 20 6b 6e 6f 74 20 3d 20 | 31 2e 38 35 32 20 6b 6d | knot = |1.852 km|
|00013bb0| 2f 68 0a 0a 20 20 61 72 | 65 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |/h..  ar|e       |
|00013bc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 20 |        |      a |
|00013bd0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 61 |        |     1 a|
|00013be0| 20 3d 20 31 30 30 20 6d | c2 b2 20 3d 20 31 30 20 | = 100 m|.. = 10 |
|00013bf0| 6d 20 78 20 31 30 20 6d | 0a 20 20 68 65 63 74 61 |m x 10 m|.  hecta|
|00013c00| 72 65 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |re      |        |
|00013c10| 20 20 20 68 61 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |   ha   |        |
|00013c20| 20 20 31 20 68 61 20 3d | 20 31 30 30 30 30 20 6d |  1 ha =| 10000 m|
|00013c30| c2 b2 20 3d 20 31 30 30 | 20 6d 20 78 20 31 30 30 |.. = 100| m x 100|
|00013c40| 20 6d 0a 0a 20 20 70 69 | 6e 74 20 28 47 42 29 20 | m..  pi|nt (GB) |
|00013c50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 70 74 |        |      pt|
|00013c60| 20 28 47 42 29 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 70 | (GB)   |     1 p|
|00013c70| 74 20 28 47 42 29 20 3d | 20 30 2e 35 36 38 32 36 |t (GB) =| 0.56826|
|00013c80| 31 32 35 20 4c 0a 20 20 | 67 61 6c 6c 6f 6e 20 28 |125 L.  |gallon (|
|00013c90| 55 53 29 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |US)     |        |
|00013ca0| 67 61 6c 20 28 55 53 29 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 |gal (US)|       1|
|00013cb0| 20 67 61 6c 20 28 55 53 | 29 20 3d 20 32 33 31 20 | gal (US|) = 231 |
|00013cc0| 69 6e c2 b3 20 3d 20 33 | 2e 37 38 35 34 31 31 37 |in.. = 3|.7854117|
|00013cd0| 38 34 20 4c 0a 0a 20 20 | 70 6f 75 6e 64 20 20 20 |84 L..  |pound   |
|00013ce0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00013cf0| 6c 62 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 |lb      |       1|
|00013d00| 20 6c 62 20 3d 20 30 2e | 34 35 33 35 39 32 33 37 | lb = 0.|45359237|
|00013d10| 20 6b 67 0a 20 20 6b 69 | 6c 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 66 | kg.  ki|logram f|
|00013d20| 6f 72 63 65 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 6b 67 |orce    |      kg|
|00013d30| 66 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 6b |f       |     1 k|
|00013d40| 67 66 20 3d 20 39 2e 38 | 30 36 36 35 20 4e 0a 20 |gf = 9.8|0665 N. |
|00013d50| 20 6b 69 6c 6f 70 6f 6e | 64 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | kilopon|d       |
|00013d60| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 6b 70 20 20 20 20 20 |        | kp     |
|00013d70| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 31 20 6b 70 20 3d 20 31 |        |1 kp = 1|
|00013d80| 20 6b 67 66 0a 0a 20 20 | 62 61 72 20 20 20 20 20 | kgf..  |bar     |
|00013d90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00013da0| 62 61 72 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 |bar     |       1|
|00013db0| 20 62 61 72 20 3d 20 31 | 30 30 20 6b 50 61 0a 20 | bar = 1|00 kPa. |
|00013dc0| 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 | 64 20 61 74 6d 6f 73 70 | standar|d atmosp|
|00013dd0| 68 65 72 65 20 20 20 20 | 20 61 74 6d 20 20 20 20 |here    | atm    |
|00013de0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 31 20 61 74 6d 20 3d 20 |        |1 atm = |
|00013df0| 31 30 31 2e 33 32 35 20 | 6b 50 61 0a 20 20 74 6f |101.325 |kPa.  to|
|00013e00| 72 72 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |rr      |        |
|00013e10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 6f | 72 72 20 20 20 20 20 20 |      To|rr      |
|00013e20| 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 54 | 6f 72 72 20 3d 20 31 2f |     1 T|orr = 1/|
|00013e30| 37 36 30 20 61 74 6d 0a | 20 20 74 65 63 68 6e 69 |760 atm.|  techni|
|00013e40| 63 61 6c 20 61 74 6d 6f | 73 70 68 65 72 65 20 20 |cal atmo|sphere  |
|00013e50| 20 20 61 74 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |  at    |        |
|00013e60| 20 31 20 61 74 20 3d 20 | 31 20 6b 67 66 2f 63 6d | 1 at = |1 kgf/cm|
|00013e70| c2 b2 20 3d 20 39 38 2e | 30 36 36 35 20 6b 50 61 |.. = 98.|0665 kPa|
|00013e80| 0a 20 20 6d 69 6c 6c 69 | 6d 65 74 72 65 20 6f 66 |.  milli|metre of|
|00013e90| 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 20 | 20 20 20 6d 6d 48 e2 82 | water  |   mmH..|
|00013ea0| 82 4f 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 31 20 6d 6d |.O      |    1 mm|
|00013eb0| 48 e2 82 82 4f 20 3d 20 | 31 30 5e 2d 34 20 61 74 |H...O = |10^-4 at|
|00013ec0| 20 3d 20 39 2e 38 30 36 | 36 35 20 50 61 0a 0a 20 | = 9.806|65 Pa.. |
|00013ed0| 20 72 61 64 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | rad    |        |
|00013ee0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 72 61 64 20 20 20 20 |        | rad    |
|00013ef0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 31 20 72 61 64 20 3d 20 |        |1 rad = |
|00013f00| 30 2e 30 31 20 47 79 0a | 20 20 72 65 6d 20 20 20 |0.01 Gy.|  rem   |
|00013f10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00013f20| 20 20 72 65 6d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |  rem   |        |
|00013f30| 20 31 20 72 65 6d 20 3d | 20 30 2e 30 31 20 53 76 | 1 rem =| 0.01 Sv|
|00013f40| 0a 20 20 63 75 72 69 65 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.  curie|        |
|00013f50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 43 69 20 20 20 |        |   Ci   |
|00013f60| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 31 20 43 69 20 3d |        |  1 Ci =|
|00013f70| 20 33 2e 37 20 c3 97 20 | 31 30 5e 31 30 20 42 71 | 3.7 .. |10^10 Bq|
|00013f80| 0a 20 20 72 c3 b6 6e 74 | 67 65 6e 20 20 20 20 20 |.  r..nt|gen     |
|00013f90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 52 20 20 20 |        |    R   |
|00013fa0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 31 20 52 20 3d |        |   1 R =|
|00013fb0| 20 32 2e 35 38 20 c3 97 | 20 31 30 5e 2d 34 20 43 | 2.58 ..| 10^-4 C|
|00013fc0| 2f 6b 67 0a 0a 55 73 65 | 20 6f 66 20 61 6c 6c 20 |/kg..Use| of all |
|00013fd0| 74 68 65 73 65 20 6e 6f | 6e 2d 53 49 20 75 6e 69 |these no|n-SI uni|
|00013fe0| 74 73 20 69 73 20 64 65 | 70 72 65 63 61 74 65 64 |ts is de|precated|
|00013ff0| 2c 20 65 78 63 65 70 74 | 20 66 6f 72 20 75 73 65 |, except| for use|
|00014000| 20 69 6e 20 66 69 65 6c | 64 73 0a 77 68 65 72 65 | in fiel|ds.where|
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|00014050| 66 69 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 74 61 6b 65 6e 20 |finition|s taken |
|00014060| 66 72 6f 6d 20 49 53 4f | 20 33 31 3a 31 39 39 32 |from ISO| 31:1992|
|00014070| 20 61 6e 64 20 49 53 4f | 20 31 30 30 30 3a 31 39 | and ISO| 1000:19|
|00014080| 39 32 2e 5d 0a 0a 0a 33 | 2e 34 20 20 57 68 61 74 |92.]...3|.4  What|
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|000140a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000140b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a | 4f 6e 65 20 63 61 6c 6f |------..|One calo|
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|000140d0| 20 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 | 6f 66 20 68 65 61 74 20 | amount |of heat |
|000140e0| 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 77 61 72 6d |required| to warm|
|000140f0| 20 31 20 67 20 6f 66 0a | 61 69 72 2d 66 72 65 65 | 1 g of.|air-free|
|00014100| 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 31 34 2e 35 | water f|rom 14.5|
|00014110| 20 c2 b0 43 20 74 6f 20 | 31 35 2e 35 20 c2 b0 43 | ..C to |15.5 ..C|
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|00014130| 72 65 73 73 75 72 65 20 | 6f 66 20 31 0a 61 74 6d |ressure |of 1.atm|
|00014140| 2e 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 | 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 |. It is |defined |
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|00014160| 35 20 4a 2c 20 62 75 74 | 20 74 68 69 73 20 76 61 |5 J, but| this va|
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|00014180| 74 61 69 6e 74 79 20 6f | 66 20 30 2e 35 20 6d 4a |tainty o|f 0.5 mJ|
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|000141a0| 61 6e 20 22 49 6e 74 65 | 72 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 |an "Inte|rnationa|
|000141b0| 6c 20 54 61 62 6c 65 20 | 63 61 6c 6f 72 69 65 22 |l Table |calorie"|
|000141c0| 0a 77 69 74 68 20 31 20 | 63 61 6c 20 3d 20 34 2e |.with 1 |cal = 4.|
|000141d0| 31 38 36 38 20 4a 2c 20 | 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 |1868 J, |as well |
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|00014210| 20 4a 2e 0a 0a 49 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 55 6e 69 74 | J...In |the Unit|
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|00014250| 76 69 61 74 65 64 20 61 | 73 0a 22 43 61 6c 22 2e |viated a|s."Cal".|
|00014260| 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 6b 69 | 6c 6f 63 61 6c 6f 72 69 |..The ki|localori|
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|000143b0| 28 22 4c 6f 77 2d 63 61 | 6c 6f 72 69 65 20 66 6f |("Low-ca|lorie fo|
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|00014420| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00014430| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a |--------|------..|
|00014440| 54 68 65 20 63 6f 6c 6c | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |The coll|ection o|
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|00014710| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
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|000172d0| 2d 54 6f 3a 20 6a 6f 6e | 40 62 69 2e 6f 72 67 0a |-To: jon|@bi.org.|
|000172e0| 4e 4e 54 50 2d 50 6f 73 | 74 69 6e 67 2d 48 6f 73 |NNTP-Pos|ting-Hos|
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|00017370| 0a 4e 4e 54 50 2d 50 6f | 73 74 69 6e 67 2d 44 61 |.NNTP-Po|sting-Da|
|00017380| 74 65 3a 20 4d 6f 6e 2c | 20 32 34 20 41 75 67 20 |te: Mon,| 24 Aug |
|00017390| 32 30 30 39 20 30 30 3a | 30 30 3a 30 31 20 2b 30 |2009 00:|00:01 +0|
|000173a0| 30 30 30 20 28 55 54 43 | 29 0a 53 75 6d 6d 61 72 |000 (UTC|).Summar|
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|000173d0| 6f 75 74 20 62 69 73 65 | 78 75 61 6c 69 74 79 0a |out bise|xuality.|
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|00017410| 39 39 38 20 73 6f 63 2e | 61 6e 73 77 65 72 73 3a |998 soc.|answers:|
|00017420| 32 31 35 31 33 20 73 6f | 63 2e 62 69 3a 32 37 36 |21513 so|c.bi:276|
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|00017450| 4c 61 73 74 2d 6d 6f 64 | 69 66 69 65 64 3a 20 31 |Last-mod|ified: 1|
|00017460| 32 2d 4d 61 79 2d 32 30 | 30 31 0a 55 52 4c 3a 20 |2-May-20|01.URL: |
|00017470| 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 73 | 65 72 66 2e 6f 72 67 2f |http://s|erf.org/|
|00017480| 7e 6a 6f 6e 2f 73 6f 63 | 2e 62 69 2f 66 61 71 2f |~jon/soc|.bi/faq/|
|00017490| 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..      |        |
|000174a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 |        |      Th|
|000174b0| 65 20 73 6f 63 2e 62 69 | 20 46 41 51 20 6c 69 73 |e soc.bi| FAQ lis|
|000174c0| 74 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |t.      |        |
|000174d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 3d 3d |        |      ==|
|000174e0| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========|
|000174f0| 3d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 73 6f 63 2e 62 69 20 3a |=.      |soc.bi :|
|00017500| 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 64 69 73 63 75 73 73 | for the| discuss|
|00017510| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 | 6e 79 20 69 73 73 75 65 |ion of a|ny issue|
|00017520| 73 20 72 65 6c 61 74 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 62 69 73 |s relate|d to bis|
|00017530| 65 78 75 61 6c 69 74 79 | 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |exuality|..      |
|00017540| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 28 62 75 74 |        |    (but|
|00017550| 20 4e 4f 54 20 66 6f 72 | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 72 63 | NOT for| commerc|
|00017560| 69 61 6c 20 6f 72 20 70 | 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 6c 20 |ial or p|ersonal |
|00017570| 61 64 73 21 29 0a 0a 2b | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ads!)..+|--------|
|00017580| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00017590| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000175a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000175b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000175c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 0a 7c 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |----+.| |        |
|000175d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000175e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 43 4f 4e 54 45 4e 54 53 |        |CONTENTS|
|000175f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00017600| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00017610| 20 20 20 7c 0a 2b 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |   |.+--|--------|
|00017620| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00017630| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00017640| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00017650| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00017660| 2d 2d 2b 0a 0a 53 45 43 | 54 49 4f 4e 20 41 3a 20 |--+..SEC|TION A: |
|00017670| 41 42 4f 55 54 20 42 49 | 53 45 58 55 41 4c 49 54 |ABOUT BI|SEXUALIT|
|00017680| 59 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 28 61 6e 73 |Y       |    (ans|
|00017690| 77 65 72 73 20 74 6f 20 | 66 72 65 71 75 65 6e 74 |wers to |frequent|
|000176a0| 6c 79 20 61 73 6b 65 64 | 20 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f |ly asked| questio|
|000176b0| 6e 73 29 0a 0a 41 31 2e | 09 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |ns)..A1.|.What is|
|000176c0| 20 22 62 69 73 65 78 75 | 61 6c 69 74 79 22 20 61 | "bisexu|ality" a|
|000176d0| 6e 79 77 61 79 3f 0a 41 | 32 2e 09 57 68 61 74 20 |nyway?.A|2..What |
|000176e0| 69 73 20 22 61 20 62 69 | 73 65 78 75 61 6c 22 3f |is "a bi|sexual"?|
|000176f0| 0a 41 33 2e 09 49 73 20 | 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 20 |.A3..Is |there a |
|00017700| 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 20 62 65 74 77 65 |differen|ce betwe|
|00017710| 65 6e 20 22 61 20 62 69 | 73 65 78 75 61 6c 22 2c |en "a bi|sexual",|
|00017720| 20 22 62 69 73 65 78 75 | 61 6c 22 20 61 6e 64 20 | "bisexu|al" and |
|00017730| 22 62 69 22 3f 0a 41 34 | 2e 09 53 6f 20 69 66 20 |"bi"?.A4|..So if |
|00017740| 49 27 76 65 20 6e 65 76 | 65 72 20 73 6c 65 70 74 |I've nev|er slept|
|00017750| 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 | 4d 4f 54 53 53 2f 4d 4f | with a |MOTSS/MO|
|00017760| 54 4f 53 2c 20 62 75 74 | 20 49 20 66 65 65 6c 20 |TOS, but| I feel |
|00017770| 61 74 74 72 61 63 74 65 | 64 20 74 6f 0a 09 6f 6e |attracte|d to..on|
|00017780| 65 2c 20 61 6d 20 49 20 | 62 69 73 65 78 75 61 6c |e, am I |bisexual|
|00017790| 3f 0a 41 35 2e 09 41 72 | 65 6e 27 74 20 62 69 73 |?.A5..Ar|en't bis|
|000177a0| 65 78 75 61 6c 73 20 6a | 75 73 74 20 67 6f 69 6e |exuals j|ust goin|
|000177b0| 67 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 | 68 20 61 20 70 68 61 73 |g throug|h a phas|
|000177c0| 65 20 6f 66 20 62 65 69 | 6e 67 20 63 6f 6e 66 75 |e of bei|ng confu|
|000177d0| 73 65 64 20 61 62 6f 75 | 74 0a 09 74 68 65 69 72 |sed abou|t..their|
|000177e0| 20 73 65 78 75 61 6c 69 | 74 79 3f 20 20 20 0a 41 | sexuali|ty?   .A|
|000177f0| 36 2e 09 41 72 65 6e 27 | 74 20 62 69 73 65 78 75 |6..Aren'|t bisexu|
|00017800| 61 6c 73 20 72 65 61 6c | 6c 79 20 64 65 6e 79 69 |als real|ly denyi|
|00017810| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 69 72 | 20 68 6f 6d 6f 73 65 78 |ng their| homosex|
|00017820| 75 61 6c 69 74 79 3f 0a | 41 37 2e 09 41 72 65 20 |uality?.|A7..Are |
|00017830| 62 69 73 65 78 75 61 6c | 73 20 65 71 75 61 6c 6c |bisexual|s equall|
|00017840| 79 20 61 74 74 72 61 63 | 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 |y attrac|ted to b|
|00017850| 6f 74 68 20 73 65 78 65 | 73 3f 0a 41 38 2e 09 44 |oth sexe|s?.A8..D|
|00017860| 6f 20 62 69 73 65 78 75 | 61 6c 73 20 68 61 76 65 |o bisexu|als have|
|00017870| 20 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 6c 6f 76 65 72 73 20 | to have| lovers |
|00017880| 6f 66 20 62 6f 74 68 20 | 73 65 78 65 73 20 74 6f |of both |sexes to|
|00017890| 20 62 65 20 62 69 73 65 | 78 75 61 6c 3f 0a 41 39 | be bise|xual?.A9|
|000178a0| 2e 09 41 72 65 20 62 69 | 73 65 78 75 61 6c 73 20 |..Are bi|sexuals |
|000178b0| 63 61 70 61 62 6c 65 20 | 6f 66 20 6d 6f 6e 6f 67 |capable |of monog|
|000178c0| 61 6d 79 3f 0a 41 31 30 | 2e 09 42 75 74 20 69 66 |amy?.A10|..But if|
|000178d0| 20 74 68 65 79 27 72 65 | 20 6d 6f 6e 6f 67 61 6d | they're| monogam|
|000178e0| 6f 75 73 2c 20 68 6f 77 | 20 63 61 6e 20 74 68 65 |ous, how| can the|
|000178f0| 79 20 62 65 20 62 69 73 | 65 78 75 61 6c 3f 0a 41 |y be bis|exual?.A|
|00017900| 31 31 2e 09 49 73 6e 27 | 74 20 65 76 65 72 79 6f |11..Isn'|t everyo|
|00017910| 6e 65 20 72 65 61 6c 6c | 79 20 62 69 73 65 78 75 |ne reall|y bisexu|
|00017920| 61 6c 3f 0a 41 31 32 2e | 09 57 68 79 20 64 6f 20 |al?.A12.|.Why do |
|00017930| 79 6f 75 20 74 68 69 6e | 6b 20 62 69 20 69 73 73 |you thin|k bi iss|
|00017940| 75 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e |ues are |differen|
|00017950| 74 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 67 | 61 79 20 69 73 73 75 65 |t from g|ay issue|
|00017960| 73 2c 20 73 69 6e 63 65 | 20 61 6c 6c 0a 09 79 6f |s, since| all..yo|
|00017970| 75 72 20 70 72 6f 62 6c | 65 6d 73 20 63 6f 6d 65 |ur probl|ems come|
|00017980| 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d | 65 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 | the sam|e source|
|00017990| 2c 20 68 6f 6d 6f 70 68 | 6f 62 69 61 3f 0a 41 31 |, homoph|obia?.A1|
|000179a0| 33 2e 09 57 68 79 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 6c 65 73 |3..Why w|ould les|
|000179b0| 62 69 61 6e 73 2f 67 61 | 79 20 6d 65 6e 20 64 69 |bians/ga|y men di|
|000179c0| 73 63 72 69 6d 69 6e 61 | 74 65 20 61 67 61 69 6e |scrimina|te again|
|000179d0| 73 74 20 62 69 73 65 78 | 75 61 6c 73 3f 0a 41 31 |st bisex|uals?.A1|
|000179e0| 34 2e 09 57 68 79 20 43 | 41 4e 27 54 20 79 6f 75 |4..Why C|AN'T you|
|000179f0| 20 63 68 6f 6f 73 65 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 73 65 78 20 | choose |one sex |
|00017a00| 6f 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 3f 0a |over the| other?.|
|00017a10| 41 31 35 2e 09 49 27 76 | 65 20 64 69 73 63 6f 76 |A15..I'v|e discov|
|00017a20| 65 72 65 64 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 49 27 6d 20 62 69 |ered tha|t I'm bi|
|00017a30| 73 65 78 75 61 6c 20 2d | 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 |sexual -| should |
|00017a40| 49 20 74 65 6c 6c 20 6d | 79 20 66 61 6d 69 6c 79 |I tell m|y family|
|00017a50| 3f 0a 41 31 36 2e 09 49 | 73 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 |?.A16..I|s there |
|00017a60| 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 | 20 62 69 73 65 78 75 61 |really a| bisexua|
|00017a70| 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 75 6e | 69 74 79 3f 0a 41 31 37 |l commun|ity?.A17|
|00017a80| 2e 09 41 72 65 20 74 68 | 65 72 65 20 61 6e 79 20 |..Are th|ere any |
|00017a90| 62 69 2d 66 72 69 65 6e | 64 6c 79 20 70 6c 61 63 |bi-frien|dly plac|
|00017aa0| 65 73 20 69 6e 20 72 65 | 61 6c 20 6c 69 66 65 3f |es in re|al life?|
|00017ab0| 20 0a 41 31 38 2e 09 44 | 6f 65 73 20 61 6e 79 6f | .A18..D|oes anyo|
|00017ac0| 6e 65 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 | 6f 66 20 61 6e 79 20 67 |ne know |of any g|
|00017ad0| 6f 6f 64 20 62 6f 6f 6b | 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 62 |ood book|s with b|
|00017ae0| 69 73 65 78 75 61 6c 20 | 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |isexual |characte|
|00017af0| 72 73 3f 0a 41 31 39 2e | 09 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |rs?.A19.|.What is|
|00017b00| 20 74 68 65 20 4b 69 6e | 73 65 79 20 73 63 61 6c | the Kin|sey scal|
|00017b10| 65 3f 0a 41 32 30 2e 09 | 57 68 61 74 20 6f 74 68 |e?.A20..|What oth|
|00017b20| 65 72 20 72 65 73 6f 75 | 72 63 65 73 20 61 72 65 |er resou|rces are|
|00017b30| 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 | 6c 65 20 6f 6e 20 62 69 | availab|le on bi|
|00017b40| 73 65 78 75 61 6c 69 74 | 79 3f 0a 0a 0a 53 45 43 |sexualit|y?...SEC|
|00017b50| 54 49 4f 4e 20 42 3a 20 | 41 42 4f 55 54 20 53 4f |TION B: |ABOUT SO|
|00017b60| 43 2e 42 49 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 28 70 6c |C.BI    |     (pl|
|00017b70| 65 61 73 65 20 72 65 61 | 64 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 |ease rea|d these |
|00017b80| 67 75 69 64 65 6c 69 6e | 65 73 20 62 65 66 6f 72 |guidelin|es befor|
|00017b90| 65 20 79 6f 75 20 70 6f | 73 74 29 0a 0a 42 31 2e |e you po|st)..B1.|
|00017ba0| 09 48 69 2c 20 49 27 6d | 20 73 74 72 61 69 67 68 |.Hi, I'm| straigh|
|00017bb0| 74 2e 20 49 73 20 69 74 | 20 6f 6b 61 79 20 69 66 |t. Is it| okay if|
|00017bc0| 20 49 20 70 6f 73 74 20 | 68 65 72 65 20 74 6f 6f | I post |here too|
|00017bd0| 3f 0a 42 32 2e 09 49 73 | 20 69 74 20 6f 6b 61 79 |?.B2..Is| it okay|
|00017be0| 20 69 66 20 49 20 61 73 | 6b 20 79 6f 75 20 61 6c | if I as|k you al|
|00017bf0| 6c 20 61 20 66 65 77 20 | 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e |l a few |question|
|00017c00| 73 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 | 62 69 73 65 78 75 61 6c |s about |bisexual|
|00017c10| 69 74 79 3f 0a 42 33 2e | 09 57 6f 75 6c 64 20 79 |ity?.B3.|.Would y|
|00017c20| 6f 75 20 61 6c 6c 20 70 | 6c 65 61 73 65 20 68 65 |ou all p|lease he|
|00017c30| 6c 70 20 6d 65 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 69 73 20 |lp me wi|th this |
|00017c40| 73 75 72 76 65 79 20 6f | 6e 20 73 65 78 75 61 6c |survey o|n sexual|
|00017c50| 69 74 79 3f 0a 42 34 2e | 09 22 48 6f 77 20 63 61 |ity?.B4.|."How ca|
|00017c60| 6e 20 49 20 70 69 63 6b | 20 75 70 20 73 6f 6d 65 |n I pick| up some|
|00017c70| 20 68 6f 74 20 62 69 73 | 65 78 75 61 6c 20 62 61 | hot bis|exual ba|
|00017c80| 62 65 73 20 66 6f 72 20 | 61 20 74 68 72 65 65 73 |bes for |a threes|
|00017c90| 6f 6d 65 3f 22 0a 42 35 | 2e 09 49 73 20 74 68 65 |ome?".B5|..Is the|
|00017ca0| 72 65 20 61 6e 79 74 68 | 69 6e 67 20 65 6c 73 65 |re anyth|ing else|
|00017cb0| 20 49 20 73 68 6f 75 6c | 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 64 69 | I shoul|d not di|
|00017cc0| 73 63 75 73 73 20 6f 6e | 20 73 6f 63 2e 62 69 3f |scuss on| soc.bi?|
|00017cd0| 0a 42 36 2e 09 57 68 79 | 20 61 72 65 20 63 72 6f |.B6..Why| are cro|
|00017ce0| 73 73 70 6f 73 74 73 20 | 61 20 62 61 64 20 69 64 |ssposts |a bad id|
|00017cf0| 65 61 3f 0a 42 37 2e 09 | 43 61 6e 20 49 20 70 6f |ea?.B7..|Can I po|
|00017d00| 73 74 20 6d 79 20 6c 69 | 73 74 20 6f 66 20 62 69 |st my li|st of bi|
|00017d10| 20 77 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 | 66 61 6e 73 20 77 65 65 | wombat |fans wee|
|00017d20| 6b 6c 79 2f 6d 6f 6e 74 | 68 6c 79 3f 0a 42 38 2e |kly/mont|hly?.B8.|
|00017d30| 09 49 20 68 61 76 65 6e | 27 74 20 73 65 65 6e 20 |.I haven|'t seen |
|00017d40| 61 6e 79 20 72 65 73 70 | 6f 6e 73 65 73 20 74 6f |any resp|onses to|
|00017d50| 20 6d 79 20 70 6f 73 74 | 69 6e 67 2e 20 41 72 65 | my post|ing. Are|
|00017d60| 20 79 6f 75 20 61 6c 6c | 20 69 67 6e 6f 72 69 6e | you all| ignorin|
|00017d70| 67 20 6d 65 3f 0a 42 39 | 2e 09 57 68 79 20 69 73 |g me?.B9|..Why is|
|00017d80| 20 73 6f 63 2e 62 69 20 | 73 6f 20 61 72 67 75 6d | soc.bi |so argum|
|00017d90| 65 6e 74 61 74 69 76 65 | 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |entative| at the |
|00017da0| 6d 6f 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 | 77 68 79 20 63 61 6e 27 |moment, |why can'|
|00017db0| 74 20 69 74 20 61 6c 77 | 61 79 73 0a 09 62 65 20 |t it alw|ays..be |
|00017dc0| 6e 69 63 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 66 6c 75 66 66 79 3f |nice and| fluffy?|
|00017dd0| 0a 42 31 30 2e 09 59 6f | 75 20 66 6c 61 6d 65 64 |.B10..Yo|u flamed|
|00017de0| 20 61 20 6e 65 77 62 69 | 65 21 20 53 68 6f 75 6c | a newbi|e! Shoul|
|00017df0| 64 6e 27 74 20 79 6f 75 | 20 62 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 |dn't you| be more|
|00017e00| 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 | 69 76 65 3f 0a 42 31 31 | support|ive?.B11|
|00017e10| 2e 09 49 27 64 20 6c 69 | 6b 65 20 74 6f 20 70 6f |..I'd li|ke to po|
|00017e20| 73 74 20 74 6f 20 73 6f | 63 2e 62 69 20 62 75 74 |st to so|c.bi but|
|00017e30| 20 6d 79 20 6e 65 77 73 | 72 65 61 64 65 72 20 77 | my news|reader w|
|00017e40| 6f 6e 27 74 20 6c 65 74 | 20 6d 65 2c 20 69 73 20 |on't let| me, is |
|00017e50| 74 68 65 72 65 0a 09 61 | 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 77 |there..a|nother w|
|00017e60| 61 79 3f 20 41 6e 64 20 | 63 61 6e 20 49 20 70 6f |ay? And |can I po|
|00017e70| 73 74 20 61 6e 6f 6e 79 | 6d 6f 75 73 6c 79 3f 0a |st anony|mously?.|
|00017e80| 42 31 32 2e 09 57 68 61 | 74 20 64 6f 20 61 6c 6c |B12..Wha|t do all|
|00017e90| 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 | 63 72 6f 6e 79 6d 73 20 | these a|cronyms |
|00017ea0| 6d 65 61 6e 3a 20 4d 4f | 54 53 53 2c 20 4d 4f 54 |mean: MO|TSS, MOT|
|00017eb0| 4f 53 2c 20 53 4f 2c 20 | 54 4f 43 4f 54 4f 58 2c |OS, SO, |TOCOTOX,|
|00017ec0| 20 59 41 53 42 50 2c 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | YASBP,.|        |
|00017ed0| 48 42 42 2c 20 48 4e 47 | 3f 0a 42 31 33 2e 09 57 |HBB, HNG|?.B13..W|
|00017ee0| 68 61 74 20 61 62 6f 75 | 74 3a 20 6d 75 66 66 69 |hat abou|t: muffi|
|00017ef0| 6e 2c 20 64 65 2d 6d 75 | 66 66 69 6e 69 6e 67 2c |n, de-mu|ffining,|
|00017f00| 20 66 6c 75 66 66 2c 20 | 62 69 64 61 72 2c 20 6f | fluff, |bidar, o|
|00017f10| 62 42 69 2c 20 42 42 51 | 2d 72 69 70 70 6c 65 2c |bBi, BBQ|-ripple,|
|00017f20| 0a 09 6e 75 74 65 6c 6c | 61 2c 20 73 6f 63 6b 2d |..nutell|a, sock-|
|00017f30| 62 69 74 65 72 3f 0a 42 | 31 34 2e 09 57 68 61 74 |biter?.B|14..What|
|00017f40| 20 64 6f 20 79 6f 75 20 | 6d 65 61 6e 20 62 79 20 | do you |mean by |
|00017f50| 22 6d 6f 6e 6f 73 65 78 | 75 61 6c 22 3f 0a 42 31 |"monosex|ual"?.B1|
|00017f60| 35 2e 20 20 20 20 57 68 | 61 74 27 73 20 61 6c 6c |5.    Wh|at's all|
|00017f70| 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 62 | 6f 75 74 20 61 20 63 61 | this ab|out a ca|
|00017f80| 62 61 6c 3f 0a 42 31 36 | 2e 20 20 20 20 48 6f 77 |bal?.B16|.    How|
|00017f90| 20 6f 6c 64 20 69 73 20 | 73 6f 63 2e 62 69 3f 0a | old is |soc.bi?.|
|00017fa0| 0a 0a 53 45 43 54 49 4f | 4e 20 43 3a 20 41 42 4f |..SECTIO|N C: ABO|
|00017fb0| 55 54 20 54 48 49 53 20 | 46 41 51 20 20 20 20 20 |UT THIS |FAQ     |
|00017fc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00017fd0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 28 77 68 65 |        |    (whe|
|00017fe0| 72 65 2c 20 77 68 6f 20 | 61 6e 64 20 77 68 79 29 |re, who |and why)|
|00017ff0| 0a 0a 43 31 2e 09 46 72 | 65 71 75 65 6e 63 79 20 |..C1..Fr|equency |
|00018000| 61 6e 64 20 70 75 72 70 | 6f 73 65 0a 43 32 2e 09 |and purp|ose.C2..|
|00018010| 43 6f 6e 74 72 69 62 75 | 74 6f 72 73 0a 0a 0a 2b |Contribu|tors...+|
|00018020| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00018030| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00018040| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00018050| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00018060| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 0a 7c 20 |--------|----+.| |
|00018070| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00018080| 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 45 | 43 54 49 4f 4e 20 41 3a |      SE|CTION A:|
|00018090| 20 41 42 4f 55 54 20 42 | 49 53 45 58 55 41 4c 49 | ABOUT B|ISEXUALI|
|000180a0| 54 59 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |TY      |        |
|000180b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 7c 0a 2b 2d 2d |        |   |.+--|
|000180c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000180d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000180e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000180f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00018100| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2b 0a 0a 54 68 69 |--------|--+..Thi|
|00018110| 73 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 69 73 20 64 65 73 |s sectio|n is des|
|00018120| 69 67 6e 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 61 6e 73 77 65 72 20 |igned to| answer |
|00018130| 73 6f 6d 65 20 71 75 65 | 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 72 |some que|stions r|
|00018140| 65 67 75 6c 61 72 6c 79 | 20 61 73 6b 65 64 20 61 |egularly| asked a|
|00018150| 62 6f 75 74 0a 62 69 73 | 65 78 75 61 6c 69 74 79 |bout.bis|exuality|
|00018160| 2e 20 54 68 65 79 20 73 | 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 70 72 |. They s|hould pr|
|00018170| 6f 76 69 64 65 20 73 6f | 6d 65 20 62 61 63 6b 67 |ovide so|me backg|
|00018180| 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 74 6f | 20 69 73 73 75 65 73 20 |round to| issues |
|00018190| 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 | 65 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 0a |which ar|e often.|
|000181a0| 64 69 73 63 75 73 73 65 | 64 20 6f 6e 20 73 6f 63 |discusse|d on soc|
|000181b0| 2e 62 69 2e 0a 0a 0a 41 | 31 2e 09 57 68 61 74 20 |.bi....A|1..What |
|000181c0| 69 73 20 62 69 73 65 78 | 75 61 6c 69 74 79 3f 0a |is bisex|uality?.|
|000181d0| 0a 42 69 73 65 78 75 61 | 6c 69 74 79 20 6d 65 61 |.Bisexua|lity mea|
|000181e0| 6e 73 20 73 65 78 75 61 | 6c 20 6f 72 20 72 6f 6d |ns sexua|l or rom|
|000181f0| 61 6e 74 69 63 20 61 74 | 74 72 61 63 74 69 6f 6e |antic at|traction|
|00018200| 20 6f 72 20 62 65 68 61 | 76 69 6f 72 20 64 69 72 | or beha|vior dir|
|00018210| 65 63 74 65 64 20 74 6f | 77 61 72 64 73 0a 73 6f |ected to|wards.so|
|00018220| 6d 65 20 6d 65 6d 62 65 | 72 73 20 6f 66 20 6d 6f |me membe|rs of mo|
|00018230| 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 73 65 78 2e |re than |one sex.|
|00018240| 0a 0a 0a 41 32 2e 09 57 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 22 |...A2..W|hat is "|
|00018250| 61 20 62 69 73 65 78 75 | 61 6c 22 3f 0a 0a 41 20 |a bisexu|al"?..A |
|00018260| 73 74 72 69 63 74 20 64 | 65 66 69 6e 69 74 69 6f |strict d|efinitio|
|00018270| 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 20 62 | 69 73 65 78 75 61 6c 20 |n of a b|isexual |
|00018280| 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 |would be| someone|
|00018290| 20 77 68 6f 20 68 61 73 | 20 72 6f 6d 61 6e 74 69 | who has| romanti|
|000182a0| 63 20 61 6e 64 2f 6f 72 | 0a 73 65 78 75 61 6c 20 |c and/or|.sexual |
|000182b0| 72 65 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 6f |relation|s with o|
|000182c0| 74 68 65 72 20 70 65 6f | 70 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 6d |ther peo|ple of m|
|000182d0| 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 6f 6e 65 20 73 65 78 |ore than| one sex|
|000182e0| 20 28 74 68 6f 75 67 68 | 20 6e 6f 74 0a 6e 65 63 | (though| not.nec|
|000182f0| 65 73 73 61 72 69 6c 79 | 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |essarily| at the |
|00018300| 73 61 6d 65 20 74 69 6d | 65 20 2d 20 73 65 65 20 |same tim|e - see |
|00018310| 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 41 38 29 2e 0a 0a 48 6f |section |A8)...Ho|
|00018320| 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 73 | 69 6e 63 65 20 6e 6f 74 |wever, s|ince not|
|00018330| 20 65 76 65 72 79 6f 6e | 65 20 68 61 73 20 6e 65 | everyon|e has ne|
|00018340| 63 65 73 73 61 72 69 6c | 79 20 68 61 64 20 74 68 |cessaril|y had th|
|00018350| 65 20 6f 70 70 6f 72 74 | 75 6e 69 74 79 20 74 6f |e opport|unity to|
|00018360| 20 61 63 74 20 6f 6e 0a | 74 68 65 69 72 20 73 65 | act on.|their se|
|00018370| 78 75 61 6c 2f 72 6f 6d | 61 6e 74 69 63 20 61 74 |xual/rom|antic at|
|00018380| 74 72 61 63 74 69 6f 6e | 73 2c 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |traction|s, some |
|00018390| 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 70 | 72 65 66 65 72 20 61 20 |people p|refer a |
|000183a0| 6c 6f 6f 73 65 72 20 64 | 65 66 69 6e 69 74 69 6f |looser d|efinitio|
|000183b0| 6e 3b 20 66 6f 72 0a 69 | 6e 73 74 61 6e 63 65 2c |n; for.i|nstance,|
|000183c0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 | 62 69 73 65 78 75 61 6c | that a |bisexual|
|000183d0| 20 69 73 20 61 20 70 65 | 72 73 6f 6e 20 77 68 6f | is a pe|rson who|
|000183e0| 20 2d 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 69 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 | - in th|eir own |
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|000194a0| 6e 6f 20 65 61 73 79 20 | 6d 61 74 74 65 72 2c 20 |no easy |matter, |
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|00019590| 20 66 72 69 65 6e 64 73 | 20 77 68 6f 20 61 73 73 | friends| who ass|
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|000195b0| 61 74 74 72 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 4d 4f |attracti|on to MO|
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|00019690| 20 61 20 4d 4f 54 53 53 | 2c 0a 74 6f 20 6d 75 63 | a MOTSS|,.to muc|
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|00019770| 20 49 74 0a 69 73 20 66 | 6f 72 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 | It.is f|or many |
|00019780| 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 68 61 72 64 65 |people t|he harde|
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|00019820| 6f 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 2c 20 |over the| other, |
|00019830| 62 75 74 0a 74 68 65 79 | 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 |but.they| do not |
|00019840| 64 65 6e 79 20 74 68 65 | 69 72 20 61 74 74 72 61 |deny the|ir attra|
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|00019860| 74 68 65 72 20 73 65 78 | 2e 0a 0a 53 6f 6d 65 20 |ther sex|...Some |
|00019870| 62 69 73 65 78 75 61 6c | 73 2c 20 68 6f 77 65 76 |bisexual|s, howev|
|00019880| 65 72 2c 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 6e 6f 20 73 75 63 68 |er, have| no such|
|00019890| 20 70 72 65 66 65 72 65 | 6e 63 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 | prefere|nce, and|
|000198a0| 20 69 6e 73 74 65 61 64 | 20 66 6f 63 75 73 20 74 | instead| focus t|
|000198b0| 68 65 69 72 0a 61 74 74 | 72 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 |heir.att|ractions|
|000198c0| 20 6f 6e 20 71 75 61 6c | 69 74 69 65 73 20 74 68 | on qual|ities th|
|000198d0| 65 79 20 73 65 65 20 69 | 6e 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 64 |ey see i|n an ind|
|000198e0| 69 76 69 64 75 61 6c 20 | 72 65 67 61 72 64 6c 65 |ividual |regardle|
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|00019900| 6e 27 73 0a 73 65 78 2e | 20 53 6f 6d 65 74 69 6d |n's.sex.| Sometim|
|00019910| 65 73 20 74 68 65 73 65 | 20 71 75 61 6c 69 74 69 |es these| qualiti|
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|00019930| 72 2c 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 | 69 6d 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 |r, somet|imes not|
|00019940| 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 0a 73 |. For ex|ample,.s|
|00019950| 6f 6d 65 20 70 65 6f 70 | 6c 65 20 66 69 6e 64 20 |ome peop|le find |
|00019960| 6d 65 6e 20 61 74 74 72 | 61 63 74 69 76 65 20 61 |men attr|active a|
|00019970| 73 20 6d 65 6e 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 77 6f 6d 65 6e |s men, a|nd women|
|00019980| 20 61 74 74 72 61 63 74 | 69 76 65 20 61 73 20 77 | attract|ive as w|
|00019990| 6f 6d 65 6e 3b 20 6f 74 | 68 65 72 73 0a 66 69 6e |omen; ot|hers.fin|
|000199a0| 64 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 | 27 73 20 73 65 78 20 69 |d people|'s sex i|
|000199b0| 72 72 65 6c 65 76 61 6e | 74 2e 0a 0a 0a 41 38 2e |rrelevan|t....A8.|
|000199c0| 09 44 6f 20 62 69 73 65 | 78 75 61 6c 73 20 68 61 |.Do bise|xuals ha|
|000199d0| 76 65 20 74 6f 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 6c 6f 76 65 72 |ve to ha|ve lover|
|000199e0| 73 20 6f 66 20 62 6f 74 | 68 20 73 65 78 65 73 20 |s of bot|h sexes |
|000199f0| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 62 69 | 73 65 78 75 61 6c 3f 0a |to be bi|sexual?.|
|00019a00| 0a 4e 6f 2e 20 50 65 6f | 70 6c 65 20 77 68 6f 20 |.No. Peo|ple who |
|00019a10| 63 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 | 6d 73 65 6c 76 65 73 20 |call the|mselves |
|00019a20| 62 69 73 65 78 75 61 6c | 20 61 72 65 20 73 61 79 |bisexual| are say|
|00019a30| 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 |ing that| they ar|
|00019a40| 65 20 61 74 74 72 61 63 | 74 65 64 20 74 6f 0a 62 |e attrac|ted to.b|
|00019a50| 6f 74 68 20 6d 65 6e 20 | 61 6e 64 20 77 6f 6d 65 |oth men |and wome|
|00019a60| 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 79 20 | 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 6e 65 |n. They |don't ne|
|00019a70| 63 65 73 73 61 72 69 6c | 79 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 |cessaril|y have t|
|00019a80| 6f 20 61 63 74 20 6f 6e | 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 74 |o act on| that at|
|00019a90| 74 72 61 63 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 61 6e 79 0a 6d 6f |traction|, any.mo|
|00019aa0| 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 73 74 72 61 69 67 68 74 |re than |straight|
|00019ab0| 20 6f 72 20 67 61 79 20 | 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 68 | or gay |people h|
|00019ac0| 61 76 65 20 74 6f 20 61 | 63 74 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 |ave to a|ct on th|
|00019ad0| 65 69 72 20 61 74 74 72 | 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 |eir attr|action t|
|00019ae0| 6f 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 | 20 6f 66 0a 74 68 65 20 |o people| of.the |
|00019af0| 73 61 6d 65 20 73 65 78 | 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 69 |same sex| as thei|
|00019b00| 72 20 70 61 72 74 6e 65 | 72 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 72 |r partne|r...Ther|
|00019b10| 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 73 | 65 70 61 72 61 74 65 20 |e is a s|eparate |
|00019b20| 6e 65 77 73 67 72 6f 75 | 70 2c 20 61 6c 74 2e 70 |newsgrou|p, alt.p|
|00019b30| 6f 6c 79 61 6d 6f 72 79 | 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 64 69 |olyamory|, for di|
|00019b40| 73 63 75 73 73 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |scussion| of the |
|00019b50| 69 73 73 75 65 73 0a 72 | 65 6c 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |issues.r|elating |
|00019b60| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 79 6e 61 6d 69 63 73 20 |to the d|ynamics |
|00019b70| 6f 66 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 | 2d 77 61 79 20 72 65 6c |of multi|-way rel|
|00019b80| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 68 69 | 70 73 20 28 77 68 65 74 |ationshi|ps (whet|
|00019b90| 68 65 72 20 69 6e 76 6f | 6c 76 69 6e 67 0a 62 69 |her invo|lving.bi|
|00019ba0| 73 65 78 75 61 6c 73 20 | 6f 72 20 6e 6f 74 29 2e |sexuals |or not).|
|00019bb0| 0a 0a 0a 41 39 2e 09 41 | 72 65 20 62 69 73 65 78 |...A9..A|re bisex|
|00019bc0| 75 61 6c 73 20 63 61 70 | 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 |uals cap|able of |
|00019bd0| 6d 6f 6e 6f 67 61 6d 79 | 3f 0a 0a 59 65 73 2c 20 |monogamy|?..Yes, |
|00019be0| 73 6f 6d 65 20 61 72 65 | 2e 20 49 74 20 64 65 70 |some are|. It dep|
|00019bf0| 65 6e 64 73 20 6f 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 69 6e 64 69 |ends on |the indi|
|00019c00| 76 69 64 75 61 6c 2e 20 | 49 74 27 73 20 6c 69 6b |vidual. |It's lik|
|00019c10| 65 20 61 73 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 22 43 61 6e 20 61 20 |e asking| "Can a |
|00019c20| 73 74 72 61 69 67 68 74 | 0a 70 65 72 73 6f 6e 20 |straight|.person |
|00019c30| 62 65 20 6d 6f 6e 6f 67 | 61 6d 6f 75 73 3f 22 20 |be monog|amous?" |
|00019c40| 53 6f 6d 65 20 62 69 73 | 65 78 75 61 6c 73 20 61 |Some bis|exuals a|
|00019c50| 72 65 20 6d 6f 6e 6f 67 | 61 6d 6f 75 73 2c 20 61 |re monog|amous, a|
|00019c60| 6e 64 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 | 61 72 65 6e 27 74 2e 0a |nd some |aren't..|
|00019c70| 4d 6f 6e 6f 67 61 6d 79 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 |Monogamy| is the |
|00019c80| 73 6f 63 69 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 73 61 6e 63 74 69 6f |socially| sanctio|
|00019c90| 6e 65 64 20 6f 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 |ned opti|on with |
|00019ca0| 72 65 73 70 65 63 74 20 | 74 6f 20 72 65 6c 61 74 |respect |to relat|
|00019cb0| 69 6f 6e 73 68 69 70 73 | 2c 20 62 75 74 0a 74 68 |ionships|, but.th|
|00019cc0| 65 6e 20 73 6f 20 69 73 | 20 68 65 74 65 72 6f 73 |en so is| heteros|
|00019cd0| 65 78 75 61 6c 69 74 79 | 2e 20 49 74 20 73 68 6f |exuality|. It sho|
|00019ce0| 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 75 | 70 20 74 6f 20 65 76 65 |uld be u|p to eve|
|00019cf0| 72 79 20 69 6e 64 69 76 | 69 64 75 61 6c 2c 20 6f |ry indiv|idual, o|
|00019d00| 66 20 61 6e 79 0a 73 65 | 78 75 61 6c 69 74 79 2c |f any.se|xuality,|
|00019d10| 20 74 6f 20 63 68 6f 6f | 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 6c | to choo|se the l|
|00019d20| 69 66 65 73 74 79 6c 65 | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 |ifestyle| which i|
|00019d30| 73 20 72 69 67 68 74 20 | 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 6d |s right |for them|
|00019d40| 2e 0a 0a 0a 41 31 30 2e | 09 42 75 74 20 69 66 20 |....A10.|.But if |
|00019d50| 74 68 65 79 27 72 65 20 | 6d 6f 6e 6f 67 61 6d 6f |they're |monogamo|
|00019d60| 75 73 2c 20 68 6f 77 20 | 63 61 6e 20 74 68 65 79 |us, how |can they|
|00019d70| 20 62 65 20 62 69 73 65 | 78 75 61 6c 3f 0a 0a 41 | be bise|xual?..A|
|00019d80| 20 62 69 73 65 78 75 61 | 6c 20 64 65 63 69 64 69 | bisexua|l decidi|
|00019d90| 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 62 65 | 20 6d 6f 6e 6f 67 61 6d |ng to be| monogam|
|00019da0| 6f 75 73 20 69 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 64 65 63 69 64 |ous is n|ot decid|
|00019db0| 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 62 | 65 20 22 67 61 79 22 20 |ing to b|e "gay" |
|00019dc0| 6f 72 0a 22 73 74 72 61 | 69 67 68 74 2e 22 20 48 |or."stra|ight." H|
|00019dd0| 65 2f 73 68 65 20 69 73 | 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 62 |e/she is| still b|
|00019de0| 69 73 65 78 75 61 6c 3b | 20 68 65 2f 73 68 65 20 |isexual;| he/she |
|00019df0| 68 61 73 20 63 68 6f 73 | 65 6e 20 61 20 50 45 52 |has chos|en a PER|
|00019e00| 53 4f 4e 20 74 6f 20 6c | 69 76 65 20 68 69 73 0a |SON to l|ive his.|
|00019e10| 6f 72 20 68 65 72 20 6c | 69 66 65 20 77 69 74 68 |or her l|ife with|
|00019e20| 2c 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 6e | 20 6f 72 69 65 6e 74 61 |, not an| orienta|
|00019e30| 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 70 72 | 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 |tion, pr|eference|
|00019e40| 20 6f 72 20 69 64 65 6f | 6c 6f 67 79 2e 20 49 74 | or ideo|logy. It|
|00019e50| 20 69 73 20 69 6d 70 6f | 72 74 61 6e 74 0a 74 6f | is impo|rtant.to|
|00019e60| 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 | 7a 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 | recogni|ze that |
|00019e70| 68 65 2f 73 68 65 20 73 | 74 69 6c 6c 20 46 45 45 |he/she s|till FEE|
|00019e80| 4c 53 20 62 69 73 65 78 | 75 61 6c 2e 0a 0a 0a 41 |LS bisex|ual....A|
|00019e90| 31 31 2e 09 49 73 6e 27 | 74 20 65 76 65 72 79 6f |11..Isn'|t everyo|
|00019ea0| 6e 65 20 72 65 61 6c 6c | 79 20 62 69 73 65 78 75 |ne reall|y bisexu|
|00019eb0| 61 6c 3f 0a 0a 4e 6f 74 | 20 62 79 20 61 6e 79 20 |al?..Not| by any |
|00019ec0| 75 73 65 66 75 6c 20 64 | 65 66 69 6e 69 74 69 6f |useful d|efinitio|
|00019ed0| 6e 2e 20 41 20 75 73 65 | 66 75 6c 20 64 65 66 69 |n. A use|ful defi|
|00019ee0| 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 62 69 73 65 78 75 |nition o|f bisexu|
|00019ef0| 61 6c 69 74 79 20 6d 69 | 67 68 74 20 62 65 2c 0a |ality mi|ght be,.|
|00019f00| 61 6e 79 6f 6e 65 20 77 | 68 6f 20 68 61 73 20 73 |anyone w|ho has s|
|00019f10| 65 72 69 6f 75 73 20 72 | 65 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 |erious r|elations|
|00019f20| 68 69 70 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 |hips wit|h member|
|00019f30| 73 20 6f 66 20 62 6f 74 | 68 20 73 65 78 65 73 2c |s of bot|h sexes,|
|00019f40| 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 79 | 6f 6e 65 0a 77 68 6f 20 | and any|one.who |
|00019f50| 69 64 65 6e 74 69 66 69 | 65 73 20 61 73 20 62 69 |identifi|es as bi|
|00019f60| 73 65 78 75 61 6c 2e 20 | 49 74 20 69 73 20 70 6f |sexual. |It is po|
|00019f70| 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 | 6f 20 73 75 67 67 65 73 |ssible t|o sugges|
|00019f80| 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 65 | 76 65 72 79 6f 6e 65 20 |t that e|veryone |
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|0001aae0| 65 73 20 73 65 65 6d 73 | 0a 74 6f 20 62 65 20 64 |es seems|.to be d|
|0001aaf0| 69 6d 69 6e 69 73 68 69 | 6e 67 20 6f 76 65 72 20 |iminishi|ng over |
|0001ab00| 74 69 6d 65 20 61 73 20 | 6d 6f 72 65 20 70 65 6f |time as |more peo|
|0001ab10| 70 6c 65 20 63 6f 6d 65 | 20 74 6f 20 61 63 63 65 |ple come| to acce|
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|0001ab50| 31 34 2e 09 57 68 79 20 | 43 41 4e 27 54 20 79 6f |14..Why |CAN'T yo|
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|0001ab80| 0a 0a 53 6f 6d 65 20 6f | 66 20 75 73 20 68 61 76 |..Some o|f us hav|
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|0001abe0| 2e 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 | 20 61 73 6b 20 74 68 65 |. If you| ask the|
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|0001ac00| 20 69 6e 6e 6f 63 65 6e | 63 65 20 28 79 6f 75 20 | innocen|ce (you |
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|0001ac20| 61 74 74 72 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 73 6f 20 77 |attracti|on, so w|
|0001ac30| 68 79 20 73 68 6f 75 6c | 64 20 61 6e 79 62 6f 64 |hy shoul|d anybod|
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|0001ad10| 77 68 69 74 65 20 73 75 | 70 72 65 6d 61 63 69 73 |white su|premacis|
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|0001ad50| 31 35 2e 09 49 27 76 65 | 20 64 69 73 63 6f 76 65 |15..I've| discove|
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|0001b770| 20 52 65 73 6f 75 72 63 | 65 20 43 65 6e 74 65 72 | Resourc|e Center|
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|0001ba40| 72 61 74 69 6e 67 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 61 73 20 66 |ratings |are as f|
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|0001ba60| 69 72 65 6c 79 20 68 65 | 74 65 72 6f 73 65 78 75 |irely he|terosexu|
|0001ba70| 61 6c 2e 0a 20 31 3a 20 | 50 72 65 64 6f 6d 69 6e |al.. 1: |Predomin|
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|0001ba90| 61 6c 2c 20 6f 6e 6c 79 | 20 69 6e 63 69 64 65 6e |al, only| inciden|
|0001baa0| 74 61 6c 6c 79 20 68 6f | 6d 6f 73 65 78 75 61 6c |tally ho|mosexual|
|0001bab0| 2e 0a 20 32 3a 20 50 72 | 65 64 6f 6d 69 6e 61 6e |.. 2: Pr|edominan|
|0001bac0| 74 6c 79 20 68 65 74 65 | 72 6f 73 65 78 75 61 6c |tly hete|rosexual|
|0001bad0| 2c 20 62 75 74 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 61 20 64 69 73 |, but wi|th a dis|
|0001bae0| 74 69 6e 63 74 20 68 6f | 6d 6f 73 65 78 75 61 6c |tinct ho|mosexual|
|0001baf0| 20 68 69 73 74 6f 72 79 | 2e 0a 20 33 3a 20 45 71 | history|.. 3: Eq|
|0001bb00| 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 68 65 | 74 65 72 6f 73 65 78 75 |ually he|terosexu|
|0001bb10| 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 68 | 6f 6d 6f 73 65 78 75 61 |al and h|omosexua|
|0001bb20| 6c 2e 0a 20 34 3a 20 50 | 72 65 64 6f 6d 69 6e 61 |l.. 4: P|redomina|
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|000206e0| 50 73 20 28 73 65 65 20 | 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |Ps (see |section |
|000206f0| 42 31 32 29 20 77 6f 72 | 6c 64 77 69 64 65 2e 0a |B12) wor|ldwide..|
|00020700| 0a 0a 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |..+-----|--------|
|00020710| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00020720| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00020730| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00020740| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b |--------|-------+|
|00020750| 0a 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.|      |        |
|00020760| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 53 45 43 54 49 |        |   SECTI|
|00020770| 4f 4e 20 43 3a 20 41 42 | 4f 55 54 20 54 48 45 20 |ON C: AB|OUT THE |
|00020780| 46 41 51 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |FAQ     |        |
|00020790| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 0a |        |      |.|
|000207a0| 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |+-------|--------|
|000207b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000207c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000207d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000207e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 0a 0a |--------|-----+..|
|000207f0| 43 31 2e 09 46 72 65 71 | 75 65 6e 63 79 20 61 6e |C1..Freq|uency an|
|00020800| 64 20 70 75 72 70 6f 73 | 65 0a 0a 54 68 69 73 20 |d purpos|e..This |
|00020810| 46 41 51 20 69 73 20 70 | 6f 73 74 65 64 20 77 65 |FAQ is p|osted we|
|00020820| 65 6b 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 | 73 6f 63 2e 62 69 2c 6e |ekly to |soc.bi,n|
|00020830| 65 77 73 2e 61 6e 73 77 | 65 72 73 2c 73 6f 63 2e |ews.answ|ers,soc.|
|00020840| 61 6e 73 77 65 72 73 2e | 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 61 |answers.| It is a|
|00020850| 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 | 0a 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |vailable|.on the |
|00020860| 77 65 62 20 61 74 20 68 | 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 73 65 |web at h|ttp://se|
|00020870| 72 66 2e 6f 72 67 2f 7e | 6a 6f 6e 2f 73 6f 63 2e |rf.org/~|jon/soc.|
|00020880| 62 69 2f 0a 49 74 20 69 | 73 20 6d 61 69 6e 74 61 |bi/.It i|s mainta|
|00020890| 69 6e 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 4a 6f 6e 20 48 61 72 6c |ined by |Jon Harl|
|000208a0| 65 79 2c 20 6a 6f 6e 40 | 73 65 72 66 2e 6f 72 67 |ey, jon@|serf.org|
|000208b0| 2e 20 53 75 67 67 65 73 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 66 6f |. Sugges|tions fo|
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|000208d0| 6d 70 72 6f 76 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 |mproveme|nts are |
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|000208f0| 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 | 74 20 69 73 20 72 65 73 |Copyrigh|t is res|
|00020900| 65 72 76 65 64 20 73 6f | 20 74 68 61 74 20 49 20 |erved so| that I |
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|00020920| 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 72 65 70 72 6f |mission |to repro|
|00020930| 64 75 63 65 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 46 41 51 20 6f 6e |duce thi|s FAQ on|
|00020940| 20 43 44 2d 52 4f 4d 20 | 66 6f 72 20 70 72 6f 66 | CD-ROM |for prof|
|00020950| 69 74 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 | 20 61 69 6d 20 6f 66 20 |it...The| aim of |
|00020960| 74 68 69 73 20 46 41 51 | 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 |this FAQ| is not |
|00020970| 6f 6e 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 | 72 65 64 75 63 65 20 74 |only to |reduce t|
|00020980| 72 61 66 66 69 63 20 28 | 61 6e 64 20 72 65 70 65 |raffic (|and repe|
|00020990| 74 69 74 69 6f 6e 29 20 | 6f 6e 20 73 6f 63 2e 62 |tition) |on soc.b|
|000209a0| 69 2c 0a 62 75 74 20 61 | 6c 73 6f 20 74 6f 20 68 |i,.but a|lso to h|
|000209b0| 65 6c 70 20 79 6f 75 20 | 67 65 74 20 6d 6f 72 65 |elp you |get more|
|000209c0| 20 6f 75 74 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 67 72 6f 75 | out of |the grou|
|000209d0| 70 2e 20 46 65 65 64 62 | 61 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 68 |p. Feedb|ack on h|
|000209e0| 6f 77 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 | 69 74 20 64 6f 65 73 0a |ow well |it does.|
|000209f0| 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 | 61 6c 73 6f 20 77 65 6c |this is |also wel|
|00020a00| 63 6f 6d 65 2e 0a 0a 0a | 43 32 2e 09 43 6f 6e 74 |come....|C2..Cont|
|00020a10| 72 69 62 75 74 6f 72 73 | 0a 0a 54 68 65 73 65 20 |ributors|..These |
|00020a20| 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 64 |are the |people d|
|00020a30| 69 72 65 63 74 6c 79 20 | 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 64 |irectly |involved|
|00020a40| 20 69 6e 20 64 65 76 65 | 6c 6f 70 69 6e 67 20 74 | in deve|loping t|
|00020a50| 68 65 20 46 41 51 2e 20 | 41 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 |he FAQ. |Although|
|00020a60| 20 4a 6f 6e 0a 48 61 72 | 6c 65 79 20 69 73 20 74 | Jon.Har|ley is t|
|00020a70| 68 65 20 65 64 69 74 6f | 72 2c 20 6d 75 63 68 20 |he edito|r, much |
|00020a80| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 | 65 78 74 20 77 61 73 20 |of the t|ext was |
|00020a90| 61 63 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e |actually| written|
|00020aa0| 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e | by the |followin|
|00020ab0| 67 0a 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 | 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 6f |g.people|...The o|
|00020ac0| 72 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 | 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 |riginal |version |
|00020ad0| 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 46 41 51 20 77 61 73 20 |of this |FAQ was |
|00020ae0| 64 72 61 66 74 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 45 6c 66 20 53 |drafted |by Elf S|
|00020af0| 74 65 72 6e 62 65 72 67 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6f 74 |ternberg|. The ot|
|00020b00| 68 65 72 20 6d 61 6a 6f | 72 0a 63 6f 6e 74 72 69 |her majo|r.contri|
|00020b10| 62 75 74 6f 72 73 20 77 | 65 72 65 20 54 69 6d 20 |butors w|ere Tim |
|00020b20| 50 69 65 72 63 65 2c 20 | 41 6c 61 6e 20 48 61 6d |Pierce, |Alan Ham|
|00020b30| 69 6c 74 6f 6e 2c 20 44 | 61 76 65 20 42 65 72 72 |ilton, D|ave Berr|
|00020b40| 79 2c 20 54 6f 6d 20 4c | 69 6d 6f 6e 63 65 6c 6c |y, Tom L|imoncell|
|00020b50| 69 2c 0a 41 6c 62 65 72 | 74 20 4c 75 6e 64 65 2c |i,.Alber|t Lunde,|
|00020b60| 20 43 69 61 72 61 6e 20 | 4d 63 48 61 6c 65 20 61 | Ciaran |McHale a|
|00020b70| 6e 64 20 41 64 61 6d 20 | 43 2e 20 57 69 63 6b 2e |nd Adam |C. Wick.|
|00020b80| 0a 0a 4f 74 68 65 72 73 | 20 77 68 6f 20 68 61 76 |..Others| who hav|
|00020b90| 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 69 | 62 75 74 65 64 20 74 65 |e contri|buted te|
|00020ba0| 78 74 20 61 72 65 20 4a | 6f 68 6e 20 46 6c 61 6e |xt are J|ohn Flan|
|00020bb0| 61 67 61 6e 2c 20 42 65 | 74 68 20 4c 69 6e 6b 65 |agan, Be|th Linke|
|00020bc0| 72 2c 20 45 6c 6c 65 6e | 20 4b 65 79 6e 65 0a 53 |r, Ellen| Keyne.S|
|00020bd0| 65 65 62 61 63 68 65 72 | 2c 20 53 54 65 6c 6c 61 |eebacher|, STella|
|00020be0| 20 61 6e 64 20 4f 6d 61 | 68 61 20 53 74 65 72 6e | and Oma|ha Stern|
|00020bf0| 62 65 72 67 2e 0a 0a 54 | 68 61 6e 6b 73 20 61 6c |berg...T|hanks al|
|00020c00| 73 6f 20 74 6f 20 41 6c | 61 6e 20 4a 61 66 66 72 |so to Al|an Jaffr|
|00020c10| 61 79 2c 20 41 6c 69 73 | 6f 6e 20 52 6f 77 61 6e |ay, Alis|on Rowan|
|00020c20| 2c 20 42 72 65 6e 64 61 | 20 4d 6f 62 6c 65 79 2c |, Brenda| Mobley,|
|00020c30| 20 43 72 61 69 67 20 44 | 69 63 6b 73 6f 6e 2c 20 | Craig D|ickson, |
|00020c40| 4d 61 74 74 0a 42 72 6f | 77 6e 2c 20 50 65 74 65 |Matt.Bro|wn, Pete|
|00020c50| 72 20 46 6c 79 6e 6e 2c | 20 52 69 63 68 61 72 64 |r Flynn,| Richard|
|00020c60| 20 4b 65 6e 6e 61 77 61 | 79 20 61 6e 64 20 4e 79 | Kennawa|y and Ny|
|00020c70| 61 72 20 74 68 65 20 41 | 61 72 64 76 61 72 6b 2e |ar the A|ardvark.|
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|00020cd0| 0a 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 |.+      |Copyrigh|
|00020ce0| 74 20 28 63 29 20 4a 6f | 6e 20 48 61 72 6c 65 79 |t (c) Jo|n Harley|
|00020cf0| 20 32 30 30 31 2e 20 20 | 20 4d 61 79 20 6e 6f 74 | 2001.  | May not|
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|00020d40| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 45 4e 44 | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |-----END|--------|
|00020d50| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00020d60| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 0a 00 |--------|-----+..|
|00020d70| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
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|00021600| 52 65 74 75 72 6e 2d 50 | 61 74 68 3a 20 3c 6e 65 |Return-P|ath: <ne|
|00021610| 77 73 40 70 6c 61 6e 6b | 74 6f 6e 2e 73 68 6f 72 |ws@plank|ton.shor|
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|00021690| 20 4f 63 74 20 31 39 39 | 39 20 31 35 3a 31 30 3a | Oct 199|9 15:10:|
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|00021700| 32 30 20 4f 63 74 20 31 | 39 39 39 20 31 35 3a 31 |20 Oct 1|999 15:1|
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|00021a40| 44 61 74 65 3a 20 32 30 | 20 4f 63 74 20 31 39 39 |Date: 20| Oct 199|
|00021a50| 39 20 31 31 3a 31 30 3a | 31 39 20 2d 30 34 30 30 |9 11:10:|19 -0400|
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|00021c00| 65 61 73 65 20 46 41 51 | 20 56 33 2e 31 0a 53 65 |ease FAQ| V3.1.Se|
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|00022fb0| 6f 69 6e 74 20 70 61 69 | 6e 73 2e 20 53 69 6e 63 |oint pai|ns. Sinc|
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|00023050| 20 6f 66 20 49 42 44 2e | 20 0a 0a 49 66 20 49 42 | of IBD.| ..If IB|
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|00023410| 69 61 62 69 6c 69 74 79 | 20 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 73 |iability| reasons|
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|00023540| 74 68 61 74 20 73 74 65 | 72 6f 69 64 20 74 68 65 |that ste|roid the|
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|00023760| 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 6c | 69 76 65 72 20 73 6f 20 |by the l|iver so |
|00023770| 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 6c |that the|re are l|
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|00024590| 70 6f 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 | 35 2d 41 53 41 20 74 68 |pond to |5-ASA th|
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|000245b0| 74 65 72 6d 20 73 74 65 | 72 6f 69 64 20 74 68 65 |term ste|roid the|
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|00024620| 64 6f 73 61 67 65 73 20 | 69 6e 20 73 74 65 72 6f |dosages |in stero|
|00024630| 69 64 20 64 65 70 65 6e | 64 65 6e 74 20 70 61 74 |id depen|dent pat|
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|00024720| 20 74 68 61 6e 20 61 72 | 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 | than ar|e used i|
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|00024760| 70 69 6e 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 70 |pinion o|f most p|
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|00024780| 0a 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 6d 65 |.in the |manageme|
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|00024890| 20 69 6d 6d 75 6e 65 20 | 73 75 70 70 72 65 73 73 | immune |suppress|
|000248a0| 69 6f 6e 2c 0a 6b 69 64 | 6e 65 79 20 64 61 6d 61 |ion,.kid|ney dama|
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|00024940| 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 | 73 2e 20 55 73 61 67 65 | patient|s. Usage|
|00024950| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 73 | 65 20 64 72 75 67 73 20 | of thes|e drugs |
|00024960| 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 73 | 20 66 72 65 71 75 65 6e |requires| frequen|
|00024970| 74 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f | 72 69 6e 67 20 62 79 0a |t monito|ring by.|
|00024980| 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 74 65 | 73 74 73 3b 20 69 64 65 |blood te|sts; ide|
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|000249a0| 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 63 6f | 75 6e 74 20 73 68 6f 75 |blood co|unt shou|
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|00024a00| 61 74 68 69 6f 70 72 69 | 6e 65 20 28 49 6d 75 72 |athiopri|ne (Imur|
|00024a10| 61 6e 29 0a 36 2d 4d 65 | 72 63 61 70 74 6f 70 75 |an).6-Me|rcaptopu|
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|00024a30| 6e 65 74 68 6f 6c 20 29 | 20 3a 0a 0a 41 7a 61 74 |nethol )| :..Azat|
|00024a40| 68 69 6f 70 72 69 6e 65 | 20 69 73 20 61 20 64 72 |hioprine| is a dr|
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|00024a80| 20 69 6e 0a 6f 72 67 61 | 6e 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 | in.orga|n transp|
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|00024ad0| 68 61 74 20 6d 65 61 6e | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 41 |hat mean|s that A|
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|00024b50| 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 77 69 74 68 0a 70 72 65 |ination |with.pre|
|00024b60| 64 6e 69 73 6f 6e 65 2e | 20 42 65 63 61 75 73 65 |dnisone.| Because|
|00024b70| 20 74 68 65 79 20 66 61 | 63 69 6c 69 74 61 74 65 | they fa|cilitate|
|00024b80| 20 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 | 20 6f 66 20 6c 6f 77 65 | the use| of lowe|
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|00024c20| 6c 6f 6e 67 20 74 65 72 | 6d 20 68 69 67 68 20 64 |long ter|m high d|
|00024c30| 6f 73 65 20 73 74 65 72 | 6f 69 64 73 0a 61 6e 64 |ose ster|oids.and|
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|00024c60| 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 | 2e 20 41 74 20 74 68 69 | effects|. At thi|
|00024c70| 73 20 74 69 6d 65 20 69 | 74 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 |s time i|t is the|
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|00024c90| 70 65 72 74 73 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 6e |perts in| the man|
|00024ca0| 61 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 6f 66 20 49 42 44 20 74 |agement |of IBD t|
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|00024d00| 2d 4d 50 20 72 61 74 68 | 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 |-MP rath|er than |
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|00024d50| 20 69 6d 70 72 65 73 73 | 69 76 65 20 64 61 74 61 | impress|ive data|
|00024d60| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 63 6c | 69 6e 69 63 61 6c 20 74 | from cl|inical t|
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|00024e30| 74 68 61 74 20 41 7a 61 | 74 68 69 6f 70 72 69 6e |that Aza|thioprin|
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|00024e60| 54 68 69 73 20 70 65 72 | 63 65 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 |This per|ception |
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|00024eb0| 64 72 75 67 73 20 77 65 | 72 65 20 6f 72 69 67 69 |drugs we|re origi|
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|00025220| 65 61 74 69 74 69 73 20 | 6f 63 63 75 72 73 20 74 |eatitis |occurs t|
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|00025240| 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 74 | 61 6b 65 20 65 69 74 68 |cannot t|ake eith|
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|00025280| 6f 66 20 6f 63 63 61 73 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 70 72 |of occas|ional pr|
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|000252f0| 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 73 20 | 6f 6e 20 61 20 72 65 67 | counts |on a reg|
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|00025310| 79 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 | 6d 6f 6e 74 68 73 20 69 |y three |months i|
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|00025340| 20 62 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 | 20 66 72 65 71 75 65 6e | be more| frequen|
|00025350| 74 0a 64 75 72 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 |t.during| the fir|
|00025360| 73 74 20 66 65 77 20 6d | 6f 6e 74 68 73 20 6f 66 |st few m|onths of|
|00025370| 20 74 68 65 72 61 70 79 | 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 69 | therapy|...The i|
|00025380| 73 73 75 65 20 6f 66 20 | 68 6f 77 20 6c 6f 6e 67 |ssue of |how long|
|00025390| 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 64 | 72 75 67 73 20 63 61 6e | these d|rugs can|
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|000253b0| 66 6f 72 20 68 61 73 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 65 6e |for has |not been|
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|000253e0| 61 73 69 6e 67 20 6e 75 | 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 |asing nu|mber of |
|000253f0| 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 |patients| have be|
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|00025420| 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c | 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 28 | several| years (|
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|00025440| 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 | 63 61 6e 74 0a 6c 6f 6e | signifi|cant.lon|
|00025450| 67 20 74 65 72 6d 20 73 | 69 64 65 20 65 66 66 65 |g term s|ide effe|
|00025460| 63 74 73 20 6e 6f 74 65 | 64 2e 0a 0a 32 2e 31 2e |cts note|d...2.1.|
|00025470| 36 2e 32 20 51 3a 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 4d |6.2 Q: W|hat is M|
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|00025490| 74 68 6f 74 72 65 78 61 | 74 65 20 28 46 6f 6c 65 |thotrexa|te (Fole|
|000254a0| 78 2c 20 4d 65 78 61 74 | 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |x, Mexat|e in the|
|000254b0| 20 55 53 29 20 3a 0a 0a | 4c 69 6b 65 20 74 68 65 | US) :..|Like the|
|000254c0| 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 69 | 6d 6d 75 6e 6f 73 75 70 | other i|mmunosup|
|000254d0| 70 72 65 73 73 61 6e 74 | 73 2c 20 6d 65 74 68 6f |pressant|s, metho|
|000254e0| 74 72 65 78 61 74 65 20 | 6d 61 79 20 68 61 76 65 |trexate |may have|
|000254f0| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 62 65 | 6e 65 66 69 74 20 69 6e | some be|nefit in|
|00025500| 0a 74 72 65 61 74 69 6e | 67 20 61 63 74 69 76 65 |.treatin|g active|
|00025510| 20 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 73 | 20 64 69 73 65 61 73 65 | Crohn's| disease|
|00025520| 2e 20 4d 65 74 68 6f 74 | 72 65 78 61 74 65 20 68 |. Methot|rexate h|
|00025530| 61 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 | 65 65 6e 20 75 73 65 64 |as not b|een used|
|00025540| 20 61 73 0a 65 78 74 65 | 6e 73 69 76 65 6c 79 20 | as.exte|nsively |
|00025550| 61 73 20 41 7a 61 74 68 | 69 6f 70 72 69 6e 65 20 |as Azath|ioprine |
|00025560| 6f 72 20 36 2d 4d 50 20 | 62 75 74 20 74 68 65 72 |or 6-MP |but ther|
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|00025580| 64 61 74 61 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 69 74 0a 6d 61 79 |data tha|t it.may|
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|000255b0| 61 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c | 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 |a useful| option |
|000255c0| 69 6e 20 70 61 74 69 65 | 6e 74 73 20 77 68 6f 20 |in patie|nts who |
|000255d0| 61 72 65 0a 69 6e 74 6f | 6c 65 72 61 6e 74 20 6f |are.into|lerant o|
|000255e0| 66 20 20 41 7a 61 74 68 | 69 6f 70 72 69 6e 65 20 |f  Azath|ioprine |
|000255f0| 6f 72 20 36 2d 4d 50 2e | 20 42 65 63 61 75 73 65 |or 6-MP.| Because|
|00025600| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 6f 63 63 75 72 65 6e 63 | of the |occurenc|
|00025610| 65 20 6f 66 20 6c 69 76 | 65 72 0a 64 69 73 65 61 |e of liv|er.disea|
|00025620| 73 65 20 69 6e 20 70 61 | 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 74 |se in pa|tients t|
|00025630| 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 6d 65 | 74 68 6f 74 72 65 78 61 |aking me|thotrexa|
|00025640| 74 65 20 6f 76 65 72 20 | 61 20 73 75 73 74 61 69 |te over |a sustai|
|00025650| 6e 65 64 20 70 65 72 69 | 6f 64 20 63 61 72 65 66 |ned peri|od caref|
|00025660| 75 6c 0a 6d 6f 6e 69 74 | 6f 72 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 |ul.monit|oring of|
|00025670| 20 6c 69 76 65 72 20 66 | 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | liver f|unction |
|00025680| 69 73 20 6e 65 63 65 73 | 73 61 72 79 2e 20 50 61 |is neces|sary. Pa|
|00025690| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 73 | 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f |tients s|hould no|
|000256a0| 74 20 64 72 69 6e 6b 0a | 61 6c 63 6f 68 6f 6c 20 |t drink.|alcohol |
|000256b0| 77 68 69 6c 65 20 74 61 | 6b 69 6e 67 20 6d 65 74 |while ta|king met|
|000256c0| 68 6f 74 72 65 78 61 74 | 65 2e 0a 0a 4d 65 74 68 |hotrexat|e...Meth|
|000256d0| 6f 74 72 65 78 61 74 65 | 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 |otrexate| should |
|000256e0| 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 75 | 73 65 64 20 69 6e 20 70 |not be u|sed in p|
|000256f0| 72 65 67 6e 61 6e 63 79 | 2e 20 50 61 74 69 65 6e |regnancy|. Patien|
|00025700| 74 73 20 74 61 6b 69 6e | 67 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 74 |ts takin|g methot|
|00025710| 72 65 78 61 74 65 0a 73 | 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f |rexate.s|hould no|
|00025720| 74 20 67 65 74 20 70 72 | 65 67 6e 61 6e 74 2e 0a |t get pr|egnant..|
|00025730| 0a 32 2e 31 2e 36 2e 33 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |.2.1.6.3| Q: What|
|00025740| 20 69 73 20 43 79 63 6c | 6f 73 70 6f 72 69 6e 65 | is Cycl|osporine|
|00025750| 3f 0a 0a 43 79 63 6c 6f | 73 70 6f 72 69 6e 65 20 |?..Cyclo|sporine |
|00025760| 69 73 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 | 65 72 20 69 6d 6d 75 6e |is anoth|er immun|
|00025770| 6f 73 75 70 70 72 65 73 | 73 61 6e 74 20 64 72 75 |osuppres|sant dru|
|00025780| 67 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 | 61 73 20 6f 72 69 67 69 |g that w|as origi|
|00025790| 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 6e | 64 20 69 73 0a 73 74 69 |nally an|d is.sti|
|000257a0| 6c 6c 20 75 73 65 64 20 | 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 76 |ll used |extensiv|
|000257b0| 65 6c 79 20 66 6f 72 20 | 70 72 65 76 65 6e 74 69 |ely for |preventi|
|000257c0| 6e 67 20 72 65 6a 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |ng rejec|tion of |
|000257d0| 6f 72 67 61 6e 20 74 72 | 61 6e 73 70 6c 61 6e 74 |organ tr|ansplant|
|000257e0| 73 20 73 75 63 68 0a 61 | 73 20 6b 69 64 6e 65 79 |s such.a|s kidney|
|000257f0| 20 61 6e 64 20 6c 69 76 | 65 72 20 74 72 61 6e 73 | and liv|er trans|
|00025800| 70 6c 61 6e 74 73 2e 0a | 0a 54 68 6f 75 67 68 20 |plants..|.Though |
|00025810| 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 20 | 68 6f 70 65 73 20 77 65 |initial |hopes we|
|00025820| 72 65 20 68 69 67 68 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 |re high |that it |
|00025830| 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 | 20 61 20 76 65 72 79 20 |would be| a very |
|00025840| 67 6f 6f 64 20 64 72 75 | 67 20 66 6f 72 20 73 65 |good dru|g for se|
|00025850| 76 65 72 65 0a 61 6e 64 | 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 |vere.and| complic|
|00025860| 61 74 65 64 20 43 44 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 75 |ated CD |the resu|
|00025870| 6c 74 73 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 62 65 65 6e 20 73 6f |lts have| been so|
|00025880| 6d 65 77 68 61 74 20 64 | 69 73 61 70 70 6f 69 6e |mewhat d|isappoin|
|00025890| 74 69 6e 67 2e 0a 0a 49 | 6e 20 73 65 76 65 72 65 |ting...I|n severe|
|000258a0| 20 43 44 20 70 61 72 74 | 69 63 75 6c 61 72 6c 79 | CD part|icularly|
|000258b0| 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 | 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 | complic|ated by |
|000258c0| 66 69 73 74 75 6c 61 73 | 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 |fistulas| there i|
|000258d0| 73 20 64 61 74 61 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 68 69 67 68 |s data t|hat high|
|000258e0| 0a 64 6f 73 65 20 69 6e | 74 72 61 76 65 6e 6f 75 |.dose in|travenou|
|000258f0| 73 20 63 79 63 6c 6f 73 | 70 6f 72 69 6e 65 20 6d |s cyclos|porine m|
|00025900| 61 79 20 62 65 20 75 73 | 65 66 75 6c 20 69 6e 20 |ay be us|eful in |
|00025910| 74 68 65 20 73 68 6f 72 | 74 20 74 65 72 6d 2e 20 |the shor|t term. |
|00025920| 4c 6f 77 20 64 6f 73 65 | 0a 74 68 65 72 61 70 79 |Low dose|.therapy|
|00025930| 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 61 69 | 6e 74 65 6e 61 6e 63 65 | for mai|ntenance|
|00025940| 20 6f 66 20 72 65 6d 69 | 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 64 6f | of remi|ssion do|
|00025950| 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 | 65 65 6d 20 74 6f 20 62 |es not s|eem to b|
|00025960| 65 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 | 69 76 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |e effect|ive and |
|00025970| 68 61 73 0a 75 6e 61 63 | 63 65 70 74 61 62 6c 65 |has.unac|ceptable|
|00025980| 20 73 69 64 65 20 65 66 | 66 65 63 74 73 2e 0a 0a | side ef|fects...|
|00025990| 49 6e 20 73 65 76 65 72 | 65 20 55 43 2c 20 70 61 |In sever|e UC, pa|
|000259a0| 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 | 6c 79 20 77 68 65 6e 20 |rticular|ly when |
|000259b0| 61 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e | 74 20 69 73 20 6f 6e 20 |a patien|t is on |
|000259c0| 74 68 65 20 74 68 72 65 | 73 68 6f 6c 64 20 6f 66 |the thre|shold of|
|000259d0| 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 69 | 6e 67 0a 75 72 67 65 6e | requiri|ng.urgen|
|000259e0| 74 20 73 75 72 67 65 72 | 79 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 |t surger|y there |
|000259f0| 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e | 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 73 75 |has been| some su|
|00025a00| 63 63 65 73 73 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 63 79 63 6c 6f |ccess wi|th cyclo|
|00025a10| 73 70 6f 72 69 6e 65 20 | 69 6e 20 69 6e 64 75 63 |sporine |in induc|
|00025a20| 69 6e 67 20 61 0a 72 65 | 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 2e |ing a.re|mission.|
|00025a30| 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 70 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 | These p|atients |
|00025a40| 61 72 65 20 67 65 6e 65 | 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 74 72 |are gene|rally tr|
|00025a50| 65 61 74 65 64 20 73 69 | 6d 75 6c 61 74 61 6e 65 |eated si|mulatane|
|00025a60| 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 68 69 67 68 0a |ously wi|th high.|
|00025a70| 64 6f 73 65 20 73 74 65 | 72 6f 69 64 73 20 61 6c |dose ste|roids al|
|00025a80| 73 6f 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 72 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 |so and a|re start|
|00025a90| 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 36 2d | 4d 50 20 6f 72 20 61 7a |ed on 6-|MP or az|
|00025aa0| 61 74 68 69 6f 70 72 69 | 6e 65 20 61 6c 73 6f 2e |athiopri|ne also.|
|00025ab0| 20 41 66 74 65 72 20 33 | 2d 36 0a 6d 6f 6e 74 68 | After 3|-6.month|
|00025ac0| 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 72 61 70 79 2c 20 77 68 |s of the|rapy, wh|
|00025ad0| 65 6e 20 36 2d 4d 50 20 | 6f 72 20 61 7a 61 74 68 |en 6-MP |or azath|
|00025ae0| 69 6f 70 72 69 6e 65 20 | 68 61 73 20 68 6f 70 65 |ioprine |has hope|
|00025af0| 66 75 6c 6c 79 20 62 65 | 63 6f 6d 65 0a 65 66 66 |fully be|come.eff|
|00025b00| 65 63 74 69 76 65 2c 20 | 63 79 63 6c 6f 73 70 6f |ective, |cyclospo|
|00025b10| 72 69 6e 65 20 69 73 20 | 73 74 6f 70 70 65 64 20 |rine is |stopped |
|00025b20| 61 6e 64 20 73 69 6d 75 | 6c 74 61 6e 65 6f 75 73 |and simu|ltaneous|
|00025b30| 6c 79 20 73 74 65 72 6f | 69 64 73 20 61 72 65 20 |ly stero|ids are |
|00025b40| 72 65 64 75 63 65 64 0a | 61 6e 64 20 73 74 6f 70 |reduced.|and stop|
|00025b50| 70 65 64 20 69 66 20 70 | 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 2e |ped if p|ossible.|
|00025b60| 20 54 68 69 73 20 61 70 | 70 72 6f 61 63 68 20 73 | This ap|proach s|
|00025b70| 65 65 6d 73 20 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 65 66 66 65 63 |eems to |be effec|
|00025b80| 74 69 76 65 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 68 6f 72 |tive in |the shor|
|00025b90| 74 0a 74 65 72 6d 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 61 20 73 69 |t.term w|ith a si|
|00025ba0| 67 6e 69 66 69 63 61 6e | 74 20 70 72 6f 70 6f 72 |gnifican|t propor|
|00025bb0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 |tion of |patients|
|00025bc0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 65 | 76 65 72 65 20 55 43 2e | with se|vere UC.|
|00025bd0| 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 | 2c 20 61 0a 73 69 67 6e | However|, a.sign|
|00025be0| 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 20 | 70 72 6f 70 6f 72 74 69 |ificant |proporti|
|00025bf0| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 73 65 20 70 61 74 69 |on of th|ese pati|
|00025c00| 65 6e 74 73 20 73 75 62 | 73 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c |ents sub|sequentl|
|00025c10| 79 20 68 61 76 65 20 73 | 75 72 67 65 72 79 20 62 |y have s|urgery b|
|00025c20| 65 63 61 75 73 65 0a 6f | 66 20 69 6e 61 62 69 6c |ecause.o|f inabil|
|00025c30| 69 74 79 20 74 6f 20 6d | 61 69 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 |ity to m|aintain |
|00025c40| 74 68 65 6d 20 69 6e 20 | 72 65 6d 69 73 73 69 6f |them in |remissio|
|00025c50| 6e 2e 20 0a 0a 32 2e 32 | 20 51 3a 20 41 72 65 20 |n. ..2.2| Q: Are |
|00025c60| 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 64 72 75 67 73 20 |any othe|r drugs |
|00025c70| 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 74 72 65 61 74 20 49 42 |used to |treat IB|
|00025c80| 44 3f 0a 0a 54 68 65 72 | 65 20 61 72 65 20 73 65 |D?..Ther|e are se|
|00025c90| 76 65 72 61 6c 20 64 69 | 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 |veral di|fferent |
|00025ca0| 64 72 75 67 73 20 69 6e | 20 76 61 72 69 6f 75 73 |drugs in| various|
|00025cb0| 20 73 74 61 67 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 64 65 76 65 6c | stages |of devel|
|00025cc0| 6f 70 6d 65 6e 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 49 42 44 2e 0a |opment f|or IBD..|
|00025cd0| 0a 32 2e 32 2e 31 20 51 | 20 41 72 65 20 6e 69 63 |.2.2.1 Q| Are nic|
|00025ce0| 6f 74 69 6e 65 20 70 61 | 74 63 68 65 73 20 65 76 |otine pa|tches ev|
|00025cf0| 65 72 20 75 73 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 74 72 65 61 74 |er used |to treat|
|00025d00| 20 55 43 3f 0a 0a 4d 61 | 6e 79 20 55 43 20 70 61 | UC?..Ma|ny UC pa|
|00025d10| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 72 65 70 6f |tients h|ave repo|
|00025d20| 72 74 65 64 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 |rted tha|t their |
|00025d30| 73 79 6d 70 74 6f 6d 73 | 20 62 65 67 61 6e 20 61 |symptoms| began a|
|00025d40| 66 74 65 72 20 71 75 69 | 74 74 69 6e 67 0a 73 6d |fter qui|tting.sm|
|00025d50| 6f 6b 69 6e 67 2e 20 49 | 6e 20 66 61 63 74 20 69 |oking. I|n fact i|
|00025d60| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 | 73 74 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 |n the va|st major|
|00025d70| 69 74 79 20 6f 66 20 73 | 74 75 64 69 65 73 20 77 |ity of s|tudies w|
|00025d80| 68 65 72 65 20 69 74 20 | 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e |here it |has been|
|00025d90| 20 63 68 65 63 6b 65 64 | 0a 61 20 73 69 67 6e 69 | checked|.a signi|
|00025da0| 66 69 63 61 6e 74 6c 79 | 20 6c 6f 77 65 72 20 70 |ficantly| lower p|
|00025db0| 72 6f 70 6f 72 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 55 43 20 |roportio|n of UC |
|00025dc0| 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 73 6d 6f 6b 65 20 69 |patients| smoke i|
|00025dd0| 6e 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 72 | 69 73 6f 6e 20 74 6f 0a |n compar|ison to.|
|00025de0| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 73 | 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 64 |controls|. This d|
|00025df0| 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 63 | 6c 65 61 72 6c 79 20 63 |ata is c|learly c|
|00025e00| 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 65 6e | 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 |onsisten|t with s|
|00025e10| 6d 6f 6b 69 6e 67 20 68 | 61 76 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |moking h|aving a |
|00025e20| 70 72 65 76 65 6e 74 69 | 76 65 0a 65 66 66 65 63 |preventi|ve.effec|
|00025e30| 74 20 69 6e 20 55 43 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 6d 65 63 |t in UC.| The mec|
|00025e40| 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 |hanism o|f this i|
|00025e50| 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 75 6e | 64 65 72 73 74 6f 6f 64 |s not un|derstood|
|00025e60| 2e 0a 0a 49 6e 20 6d 61 | 72 6b 65 64 20 63 6f 6e |...In ma|rked con|
|00025e70| 74 72 61 73 74 20 61 20 | 68 69 67 68 65 72 20 70 |trast a |higher p|
|00025e80| 72 6f 70 6f 72 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 43 44 20 |roportio|n of CD |
|00025e90| 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 73 6d 6f 6b 65 20 63 |patients| smoke c|
|00025ea0| 6f 6d 70 61 72 65 64 20 | 74 6f 0a 63 6f 6e 74 72 |ompared |to.contr|
|00025eb0| 6f 6c 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 |ols and |continue|
|00025ec0| 64 20 73 6d 6f 6b 69 6e | 67 20 69 73 20 61 20 70 |d smokin|g is a p|
|00025ed0| 72 65 64 69 63 74 6f 72 | 20 6f 66 20 70 6f 73 74 |redictor| of post|
|00025ee0| 20 73 75 72 67 69 63 61 | 6c 20 72 65 63 75 72 72 | surgica|l recurr|
|00025ef0| 65 6e 63 65 0a 6f 66 20 | 43 44 2e 20 54 68 69 73 |ence.of |CD. This|
|00025f00| 20 64 61 74 61 20 73 75 | 67 67 65 73 74 73 20 74 | data su|ggests t|
|00025f10| 68 61 74 20 73 6d 6f 6b | 69 6e 67 20 6d 61 79 20 |hat smok|ing may |
|00025f20| 62 65 20 61 20 63 6f 2d | 66 61 63 74 6f 72 20 70 |be a co-|factor p|
|00025f30| 72 65 64 69 73 70 6f 73 | 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 0a 74 |redispos|ing to.t|
|00025f40| 68 65 20 64 65 76 65 6c | 6f 70 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f |he devel|opment o|
|00025f50| 66 20 43 44 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e |f CD. Th|e mechan|
|00025f60| 69 73 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 70 72 65 64 |ism of t|his pred|
|00025f70| 69 73 70 6f 73 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 6e 6f |ispositi|on is no|
|00025f80| 74 0a 75 6e 64 65 72 73 | 74 6f 6f 64 2e 0a 0a 44 |t.unders|tood...D|
|00025f90| 75 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 68 65 61 6c 74 68 |ue to th|e health|
|00025fa0| 20 72 69 73 6b 73 20 6f | 66 20 73 6d 6f 6b 69 6e | risks o|f smokin|
|00025fb0| 67 2c 20 64 6f 63 74 6f | 72 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 |g, docto|rs have |
|00025fc0| 62 65 65 6e 20 73 6b 65 | 70 74 69 63 61 6c 20 6f |been ske|ptical o|
|00025fd0| 66 20 74 68 69 73 0a 64 | 61 74 61 2e 20 52 65 63 |f this.d|ata. Rec|
|00025fe0| 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 6d 6f | 72 65 20 61 74 74 65 6e |ently mo|re atten|
|00025ff0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 68 61 73 | 20 62 65 65 6e 20 64 65 |tion has| been de|
|00026000| 76 6f 74 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 75 6e 64 65 72 73 74 |voted to| underst|
|00026010| 61 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 0a 72 65 6c 61 74 |anding t|he.relat|
|00026020| 69 6f 6e 73 68 69 70 20 | 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 |ionship |between |
|00026030| 73 6d 6f 6b 69 6e 67 20 | 61 6e 64 20 49 42 44 2e |smoking |and IBD.|
|00026040| 20 4f 6e 65 20 71 75 65 | 73 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 68 | One que|stion th|
|00026050| 61 74 20 68 61 73 20 73 | 74 69 6d 75 6c 61 74 65 |at has s|timulate|
|00026060| 64 0a 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 | 65 72 61 62 6c 65 20 77 |d.consid|erable w|
|00026070| 6f 72 6b 20 68 61 73 20 | 62 65 65 6e 20 77 68 65 |ork has |been whe|
|00026080| 74 68 65 72 20 6e 69 63 | 6f 74 69 6e 65 20 69 73 |ther nic|otine is|
|00026090| 20 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 | 69 62 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 | respons|ible for|
|000260a0| 20 74 68 65 0a 61 70 70 | 61 72 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 | the.app|arently |
|000260b0| 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 | 76 65 20 65 66 66 65 63 |protecti|ve effec|
|000260c0| 74 20 6f 66 20 73 6d 6f | 6b 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 |t of smo|king in |
|000260d0| 55 43 3f 0a 0a 54 77 6f | 20 72 65 6c 65 76 61 6e |UC?..Two| relevan|
|000260e0| 74 20 61 72 74 69 63 6c | 65 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 |t articl|es were |
|000260f0| 72 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 | 20 70 75 62 6c 69 73 68 |recently| publish|
|00026100| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 54 68 | 65 20 4e 65 77 20 45 6e |ed in Th|e New En|
|00026110| 67 6c 61 6e 64 20 4a 6f | 75 72 6e 61 6c 0a 6f 66 |gland Jo|urnal.of|
|00026120| 20 4d 65 64 69 63 69 6e | 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 69 6e | Medicin|e lookin|
|00026130| 67 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 6f 74 65 6e 74 69 |g at the| potenti|
|00026140| 61 6c 20 74 68 65 72 61 | 70 65 75 74 69 63 20 62 |al thera|peutic b|
|00026150| 65 6e 65 66 69 74 20 6f | 66 20 6e 69 63 6f 74 69 |enefit o|f nicoti|
|00026160| 6e 65 0a 70 61 74 63 68 | 65 73 2c 20 6e 6f 72 6d |ne.patch|es, norm|
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|00027020| 20 54 68 65 0a 73 65 63 | 6f 6e 64 20 61 6e 74 69 | The.sec|ond anti|
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|00027070| 69 74 69 73 68 20 42 69 | 6f 74 65 63 68 6e 6f 6c |itish Bi|otechnol|
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|00027090| 64 20 43 44 50 35 37 31 | 2e 20 0a 0a 32 2e 32 2e |d CDP571|. ..2.2.|
|000270a0| 32 2e 35 20 51 3a 20 48 | 6f 77 20 64 6f 65 73 20 |2.5 Q: H|ow does |
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|000270d0| 65 20 61 6e 74 69 62 6f | 64 69 65 73 20 62 6c 6f |e antibo|dies blo|
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|000270f0| 66 20 54 4e 46 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 66 61 63 74 20 |f TNF. T|he fact |
|00027100| 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 | 69 73 20 73 6f 20 65 66 |that it |is so ef|
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|00027120| 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 68 61 73 20 72 61 69 |patients| has rai|
|00027130| 73 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e |sed the |question|
|00027140| 20 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 | 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 68 | whether| it is h|
|00027150| 61 76 69 6e 67 20 73 6f | 6d 65 0a 61 64 64 69 74 |aving so|me.addit|
|00027160| 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 65 66 | 66 65 63 74 73 20 6f 6e |ional ef|fects on|
|00027170| 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d 6d | 75 6e 65 20 73 79 73 74 | the imm|une syst|
|00027180| 65 6d 3b 20 68 6f 77 65 | 76 65 72 20 74 68 69 73 |em; howe|ver this|
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|000271b0| 73 74 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 | 74 61 6e 74 20 61 73 70 |st impor|tant asp|
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|000271d0| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 | 74 20 69 6d 70 6c 69 65 |s that i|t implie|
|000271e0| 73 20 74 68 61 74 0a 54 | 4e 46 20 64 6f 65 73 20 |s that.T|NF does |
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|00027250| 70 65 72 63 65 6e 74 61 | 67 65 20 6f 66 20 70 61 |percenta|ge of pa|
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|00027270| 36 20 51 3a 20 41 72 65 | 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 70 |6 Q: Are| there p|
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|000272c0| 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 65 | 65 6d 20 74 6f 20 77 6f |s not se|em to wo|
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|00027310| 74 73 20 77 68 6f 20 72 | 65 63 65 69 76 65 64 20 |ts who r|eceived |
|00027320| 74 68 65 20 74 72 65 61 | 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 68 61 |the trea|tment ha|
|00027330| 64 0a 61 20 62 65 6e 65 | 66 69 63 69 61 6c 20 72 |d.a bene|ficial r|
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|00027360| 6c 6c 79 20 77 65 6e 74 | 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 72 65 |lly went| into re|
|00027370| 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 2e | 0a 0a 49 6e 20 74 68 6f |mission.|..In tho|
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|00027390| 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 72 | 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 65 20 |have a r|esponse |
|000273a0| 74 68 65 20 65 66 66 65 | 63 74 20 69 73 20 74 65 |the effe|ct is te|
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|000273d0| 61 74 20 62 65 73 74 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 61 6e 74 |at best.| The ant|
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|00027480| 64 20 69 74 20 63 61 6e | 20 62 65 20 67 69 76 65 |d it can| be give|
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|000274a0| 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 73 20 | 74 6f 20 62 65 20 73 65 |remains |to be se|
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|000274c0| 6c 6c 20 63 6f 6e 74 69 | 6e 75 65 20 74 6f 20 68 |ll conti|nue to h|
|000274d0| 61 76 65 20 61 20 62 65 | 6e 65 66 69 63 69 61 6c |ave a be|neficial|
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|00027510| 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6f |treatmen|t will o|
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|00027530| 20 61 73 20 70 61 72 74 | 20 6f 66 20 66 6f 72 6d | as part| of form|
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|00027560| 20 66 65 77 20 79 65 61 | 72 73 2e 20 49 66 20 69 | few yea|rs. If i|
|00027570| 74 20 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e | 75 65 73 20 74 6f 20 68 |t contin|ues to h|
|00027580| 61 76 65 20 70 6f 73 69 | 74 69 76 65 20 72 65 73 |ave posi|tive res|
|00027590| 75 6c 74 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 73 |ults and| becomes|
|000275a0| 0a 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 | 6c 65 20 61 73 20 61 20 |.availab|le as a |
|000275b0| 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 | 20 74 68 65 72 61 70 79 |standard| therapy|
|000275c0| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 6e 65 78 74 20 66 65 77 | in the |next few|
|000275d0| 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 69 | 74 20 69 73 20 6c 69 6b | years i|t is lik|
|000275e0| 65 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 62 | 65 0a 65 78 70 65 6e 73 |ely to b|e.expens|
|000275f0| 69 76 65 2e 0a 0a 32 2e | 32 2e 32 2e 37 20 51 3a |ive...2.|2.2.7 Q:|
|00027600| 20 57 68 61 74 20 73 6f | 72 74 20 6f 66 20 70 61 | What so|rt of pa|
|00027610| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 73 75 69 74 61 |tients a|re suita|
|00027620| 62 6c 65 20 63 61 6e 64 | 69 64 61 74 65 73 20 66 |ble cand|idates f|
|00027630| 6f 72 20 74 72 65 61 74 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 69 74 |or treat|ment wit|
|00027640| 68 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 54 4e |h.      | anti-TN|
|00027650| 46 20 61 6e 74 69 62 6f | 64 79 3f 0a 0a 43 44 20 |F antibo|dy?..CD |
|00027660| 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 63 |patients| with ac|
|00027670| 74 69 76 65 20 64 69 73 | 65 61 73 65 20 64 65 73 |tive dis|ease des|
|00027680| 70 69 74 65 20 74 68 65 | 72 61 70 79 20 77 69 74 |pite the|rapy wit|
|00027690| 68 20 73 74 65 72 6f 69 | 64 73 3b 20 74 68 69 73 |h steroi|ds; this|
|000276a0| 20 69 73 20 61 0a 70 72 | 65 72 65 71 75 69 73 69 | is a.pr|erequisi|
|000276b0| 74 65 20 66 6f 72 20 65 | 6e 72 6f 6c 6c 6d 65 6e |te for e|nrollmen|
|000276c0| 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 74 75 64 69 65 73 |t in the| studies|
|000276d0| 2e 20 54 68 6f 73 65 20 | 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 |. Those |patients|
|000276e0| 20 77 68 6f 20 6d 61 79 | 0a 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 | who may|.particu|
|000276f0| 6c 61 72 6c 79 20 62 65 | 20 73 75 69 74 61 62 6c |larly be| suitabl|
|00027700| 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 54 |e for th|e anti-T|
|00027710| 4e 46 20 74 68 65 72 61 | 70 79 20 61 72 65 20 74 |NF thera|py are t|
|00027720| 68 6f 73 65 20 77 68 6f | 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 0a |hose who| cannot.|
|00027730| 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 74 65 | 20 36 2d 6d 65 72 63 61 |tolerate| 6-merca|
|00027740| 70 74 6f 70 75 72 69 6e | 65 20 6f 72 20 69 6e 20 |ptopurin|e or in |
|00027750| 77 68 6f 6d 20 36 2d 6d | 65 72 63 61 70 74 6f 70 |whom 6-m|ercaptop|
|00027760| 75 72 69 6e 65 20 68 61 | 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 77 6f |urine ha|s not wo|
|00027770| 72 6b 65 64 20 6f 72 0a | 68 61 76 65 20 6a 75 73 |rked or.|have jus|
|00027780| 74 20 62 65 65 6e 20 73 | 74 61 72 74 65 64 20 6f |t been s|tarted o|
|00027790| 6e 20 36 2d 6d 65 72 63 | 61 70 74 6f 70 75 72 69 |n 6-merc|aptopuri|
|000277a0| 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 20 74 68 65 72 61 70 65 |ne and a| therape|
|000277b0| 75 74 69 63 20 65 66 66 | 65 63 74 20 69 73 20 6e |utic eff|ect is n|
|000277c0| 6f 74 0a 65 78 70 65 63 | 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 |ot.expec|ted for |
|000277d0| 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 | 6d 6f 6e 74 68 73 2e 20 |several |months. |
|000277e0| 49 4d 50 4f 52 54 41 4e | 54 3a 20 74 68 65 20 61 |IMPORTAN|T: the a|
|000277f0| 6e 74 69 2d 54 4e 46 20 | 61 6e 74 69 62 6f 64 69 |nti-TNF |antibodi|
|00027800| 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 0a 61 76 61 69 |es are o|nly.avai|
|00027810| 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 61 73 | 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 |lable as| part of|
|00027820| 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 | 73 74 75 64 69 65 73 20 | formal |studies |
|00027830| 61 74 20 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 2e 0a 0a 32 2e 32 |at prese|nt...2.2|
|00027840| 2e 32 2e 38 20 51 3a 20 | 57 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 |.2.8 Q: |What are|
|00027850| 20 74 68 65 20 61 6c 74 | 65 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 | the alt|ernative|
|00027860| 73 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 | 62 6c 65 20 61 74 20 70 |s availa|ble at p|
|00027870| 72 65 73 65 6e 74 3f 0a | 0a 54 68 65 20 62 65 73 |resent?.|.The bes|
|00027880| 74 20 74 65 73 74 65 64 | 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 6f 73 |t tested| and mos|
|00027890| 74 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 | 69 76 65 20 6d 65 64 69 |t effect|ive medi|
|000278a0| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 61 74 20 70 72 65 73 65 |cations |at prese|
|000278b0| 6e 74 20 61 72 65 20 36 | 2d 4d 50 20 61 6e 64 0a |nt are 6|-MP and.|
|000278c0| 6d 65 74 68 6f 74 72 65 | 78 61 74 65 2e 20 4f 74 |methotre|xate. Ot|
|000278d0| 68 65 72 20 6d 65 64 69 | 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |her medi|cations |
|000278e0| 61 72 65 20 61 6c 73 6f | 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 64 |are also| being d|
|000278f0| 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 65 64 | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 62 |eveloped| which b|
|00027900| 6c 6f 63 6b 20 74 68 65 | 0a 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |lock the|.action |
|00027910| 6f 66 20 54 4e 46 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 6d 61 79 |of TNF w|hich may|
|00027920| 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 66 | 75 6c 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | be usef|ul in th|
|00027930| 65 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d | 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 49 |e treatm|ent of I|
|00027940| 42 44 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 75 74 75 72 65 |BD in th|e future|
|00027950| 2e 0a 0a 32 2e 32 2e 33 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |...2.2.3| Q: What|
|00027960| 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 49 | 6e 74 65 72 6c 65 75 6b | about I|nterleuk|
|00027970| 69 6e 2d 31 30 20 28 49 | 4c 2d 31 30 29 20 74 68 |in-10 (I|L-10) th|
|00027980| 65 72 61 70 79 20 66 6f | 72 20 43 44 3f 0a 0a 49 |erapy fo|r CD?..I|
|00027990| 4c 2d 31 30 20 69 73 20 | 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 |L-10 is |another |
|000279a0| 63 79 74 6f 6b 69 6e 65 | 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 54 4e |cytokine| like TN|
|000279b0| 46 2e 20 43 79 74 6f 6b | 69 6e 65 73 20 61 72 65 |F. Cytok|ines are|
|000279c0| 20 63 68 65 6d 69 63 61 | 6c 20 6d 65 73 73 65 6e | chemica|l messen|
|000279d0| 67 65 72 73 0a 70 72 6f | 64 75 63 65 64 20 62 79 |gers.pro|duced by|
|000279e0| 20 74 68 65 20 63 65 6c | 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | the cel|ls of th|
|000279f0| 65 20 69 6d 6d 75 6e 65 | 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 |e immune| system |
|00027a00| 74 68 61 74 20 72 65 67 | 75 6c 61 74 65 20 69 74 |that reg|ulate it|
|00027a10| 73 20 61 63 74 69 76 69 | 74 79 2e 0a 55 6e 6c 69 |s activi|ty..Unli|
|00027a20| 6b 65 20 54 4e 46 2c 20 | 49 4c 2d 31 30 20 73 75 |ke TNF, |IL-10 su|
|00027a30| 70 70 72 65 73 73 65 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d 6d |ppresses| the imm|
|00027a40| 75 6e 65 20 73 79 73 74 | 65 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 69 |une syst|em and i|
|00027a50| 73 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e | 74 6c 79 20 62 65 69 6e |s presen|tly bein|
|00027a60| 67 0a 73 74 75 64 69 65 | 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |g.studie|d in the|
|00027a70| 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 43 44 | treatme|nt of CD|
|00027a80| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 72 65 | 73 75 6c 74 73 20 6f 66 |. The re|sults of|
|00027a90| 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 74 | 75 64 79 20 61 72 65 20 | this st|udy are |
|00027aa0| 65 61 67 65 72 6c 79 0a | 61 77 61 69 74 65 64 2e |eagerly.|awaited.|
|00027ab0| 0a 0a 32 2e 32 2e 34 20 | 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 |..2.2.4 |Q: What |
|00027ac0| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 66 69 | 73 68 20 6f 69 6c 20 66 |about fi|sh oil f|
|00027ad0| 6f 72 20 74 68 65 72 61 | 70 79 3f 0a 0a 54 68 65 |or thera|py?..The|
|00027ae0| 72 65 20 69 73 20 73 6f | 6d 65 20 65 76 69 64 65 |re is so|me evide|
|00027af0| 6e 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 66 69 73 68 20 6f 69 |nce that| fish oi|
|00027b00| 6c 20 28 61 74 74 72 69 | 62 75 74 65 64 20 74 6f |l (attri|buted to|
|00027b10| 20 74 68 65 20 65 69 63 | 6f 73 61 70 65 6e 74 61 | the eic|osapenta|
|00027b20| 65 6e 6f 69 63 0a 61 63 | 69 64 29 20 68 61 73 20 |enoic.ac|id) has |
|00027b30| 61 6e 74 69 2d 69 6e 66 | 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 6f 72 |anti-inf|lammator|
|00027b40| 79 20 70 72 6f 70 65 72 | 74 69 65 73 20 77 68 69 |y proper|ties whi|
|00027b50| 63 68 20 6d 61 79 20 62 | 65 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c |ch may b|e useful|
|00027b60| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | in the |treatmen|
|00027b70| 74 0a 6f 66 20 49 42 44 | 20 61 6e 64 20 72 68 65 |t.of IBD| and rhe|
|00027b80| 75 6d 61 74 6f 69 64 20 | 61 72 74 68 72 69 74 69 |umatoid |arthriti|
|00027b90| 73 2e 20 49 6e 20 61 64 | 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 |s. In ad|dition i|
|00027ba0| 74 20 6d 61 79 20 61 6c | 73 6f 20 62 65 20 68 65 |t may al|so be he|
|00027bb0| 6c 70 66 75 6c 20 69 6e | 0a 70 72 65 76 65 6e 74 |lpful in|.prevent|
|00027bc0| 69 6e 67 20 61 74 68 65 | 72 6f 73 63 6c 65 72 6f |ing athe|rosclero|
|00027bd0| 74 69 63 20 63 61 72 64 | 69 6f 76 61 73 63 75 6c |tic card|iovascul|
|00027be0| 61 72 20 64 69 73 65 61 | 73 65 2e 20 50 61 74 69 |ar disea|se. Pati|
|00027bf0| 65 6e 74 20 61 63 63 65 | 70 74 61 6e 63 65 20 6f |ent acce|ptance o|
|00027c00| 66 0a 66 69 73 68 20 6f | 69 6c 20 74 68 65 72 61 |f.fish o|il thera|
|00027c10| 70 79 20 68 61 73 20 62 | 65 65 6e 20 70 6f 6f 72 |py has b|een poor|
|00027c20| 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | because| of the |
|00027c30| 69 6e 64 69 67 65 73 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 |indigest|ion and |
|00027c40| 62 61 64 20 62 72 65 61 | 74 68 0a 61 73 73 6f 63 |bad brea|th.assoc|
|00027c50| 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 72 61 |iated wi|th thera|
|00027c60| 70 79 2e 20 41 6e 20 49 | 74 61 6c 69 61 6e 20 73 |py. An I|talian s|
|00027c70| 74 75 64 79 20 6c 61 73 | 74 20 79 65 61 72 20 75 |tudy las|t year u|
|00027c80| 73 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 61 | 74 65 64 20 63 61 70 73 |sing coa|ted caps|
|00027c90| 75 6c 65 73 0a 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 |ules.con|taining |
|00027ca0| 66 69 73 68 20 6f 69 6c | 20 73 68 6f 77 65 64 20 |fish oil| showed |
|00027cb0| 65 76 69 64 65 6e 63 65 | 20 6f 66 20 62 65 6e 65 |evidence| of bene|
|00027cc0| 66 69 74 20 69 6e 20 70 | 72 65 76 65 6e 74 69 6e |fit in p|reventin|
|00027cd0| 67 20 72 65 63 75 72 72 | 65 6e 63 65 73 20 6f 66 |g recurr|ences of|
|00027ce0| 0a 43 44 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 6d 69 6d 69 6e 61 6c |.CD with| miminal|
|00027cf0| 20 73 69 64 65 2d 65 66 | 66 65 63 74 73 2e 20 48 | side-ef|fects. H|
|00027d00| 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 | 74 68 65 73 65 20 63 61 |owever, |these ca|
|00027d10| 70 73 75 6c 65 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 77 |psules a|re not w|
|00027d20| 69 64 65 6c 79 0a 61 76 | 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 |idely.av|ailable |
|00027d30| 61 74 20 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 2e 20 49 6e 20 74 |at prese|nt. In t|
|00027d40| 68 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 69 6d 20 76 61 72 69 6f |he inter|im vario|
|00027d50| 75 73 20 66 69 73 68 20 | 6f 69 6c 20 70 72 65 70 |us fish |oil prep|
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|00028e30| 2e 31 2e 34 20 51 3a 20 | 57 68 61 74 20 63 61 6e |.1.4 Q: |What can|
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|00028e50| 68 65 73 65 20 73 75 72 | 67 65 72 69 65 73 3f 0a |hese sur|geries?.|
|00028e60| 0a 54 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 | 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e |.The mos|t common|
|00028e70| 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | complic|ation of|
|00028e80| 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 6f | 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | these o|peration|
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|00028ef0| 2e 0a 4d 6f 73 74 20 70 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 |..Most p|atients |
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|00028f40| 64 20 74 61 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 61 6e 74 69 62 69 6f |d taking| antibio|
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|00028f60| 61 73 65 73 2c 20 61 20 | 64 69 61 67 6e 6f 73 69 |ases, a |diagnosi|
|00028f70| 73 20 6f 66 20 43 44 20 | 69 73 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 |s of CD |is confi|
|00028f80| 72 6d 65 64 20 69 6e 0a | 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 |rmed in.|patients|
|00028f90| 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 74 | 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 61 | thought| origina|
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|00028fb0| 69 6e 67 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 55 43 2e 0a 0a 50 72 |ing from| UC...Pr|
|00028fc0| 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |oblems w|ith the |
|00028fd0| 6e 69 70 70 6c 65 20 76 | 61 6c 76 65 20 69 6e 20 |nipple v|alve in |
|00028fe0| 61 20 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e | 65 6e 74 20 69 6c 65 6f |a contin|ent ileo|
|00028ff0| 73 74 6f 6d 79 20 63 61 | 6e 20 63 61 75 73 65 20 |stomy ca|n cause |
|00029000| 6c 65 61 6b 61 67 65 0a | 6f 66 20 73 74 6f 6f 6c |leakage.|of stool|
|00029010| 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 20 | 69 6e 61 62 69 6c 69 74 | and an |inabilit|
|00029020| 79 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 73 | 65 72 74 20 74 68 65 20 |y to ins|ert the |
|00029030| 63 61 74 68 65 74 65 72 | 2e 20 20 41 62 6f 75 74 |catheter|.  About|
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|00029050| 0a 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 | 20 61 20 73 65 63 6f 6e |.require| a secon|
|00029060| 64 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 72 |d operat|ion to r|
|00029070| 65 70 61 69 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 6e 69 70 70 6c 65 |epair th|e nipple|
|00029080| 20 76 61 6c 76 65 2e 0a | 0a 52 65 6d 65 6d 62 65 | valve..|.Remembe|
|00029090| 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 | 68 65 73 65 20 68 61 76 |r that t|hese hav|
|000290a0| 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 | 6d 65 20 72 69 73 6b 73 |e the sa|me risks|
|000290b0| 20 61 73 20 61 6e 79 20 | 73 75 72 67 65 72 79 2c | as any |surgery,|
|000290c0| 20 62 75 74 20 74 68 61 | 74 27 73 20 6f 75 74 73 | but tha|t's outs|
|000290d0| 69 64 65 0a 74 68 65 20 | 73 63 6f 70 65 20 6f 66 |ide.the |scope of|
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|00029130| 72 65 20 69 73 20 6e 6f | 20 73 75 72 67 69 63 61 |re is no| surgica|
|00029140| 6c 20 63 75 72 65 20 66 | 6f 72 20 43 44 2e 0a 0a |l cure f|or CD...|
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|000291a0| 63 75 73 73 69 6e 67 20 | 73 75 72 67 69 63 61 6c |cussing |surgical|
|000291b0| 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 66 6f 72 20 43 44 2e | options| for CD.|
|000291c0| 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 | 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 | This is| because|
|000291d0| 20 6e 65 77 20 43 72 6f | 68 6e 27 73 0a 6c 65 73 | new Cro|hn's.les|
|000291e0| 69 6f 6e 73 20 63 61 6e | 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 20 |ions can| appear |
|000291f0| 61 66 74 65 72 20 70 72 | 65 76 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 |after pr|eviously|
|00029200| 20 64 69 73 65 61 73 65 | 64 20 61 72 65 61 73 20 | disease|d areas |
|00029210| 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 | 6e 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 65 |have bee|n remove|
|00029220| 64 20 61 6e 64 0a 65 76 | 65 6e 20 64 69 73 65 61 |d and.ev|en disea|
|00029230| 73 65 64 20 74 69 73 73 | 75 65 20 6d 61 79 20 62 |sed tiss|ue may b|
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|00029250| 73 65 66 75 6c 2e 20 4d | 61 6e 79 20 73 75 72 67 |seful. M|any surg|
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|00029270| 68 61 74 20 22 73 75 72 | 67 65 72 79 20 69 6e 20 |hat "sur|gery in |
|00029280| 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 73 20 | 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 |Crohn's |patients|
|00029290| 20 6a 75 73 74 20 6c 65 | 61 64 73 20 74 6f 20 6d | just le|ads to m|
|000292a0| 6f 72 65 20 73 75 72 67 | 65 72 79 22 2e 0a 0a 53 |ore surg|ery"...S|
|000292b0| 75 72 67 65 72 79 20 66 | 6f 72 20 43 44 20 69 73 |urgery f|or CD is|
|000292c0| 20 75 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 61 20 72 65 73 65 63 | usually| a resec|
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|000292f0| 2e 32 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 | 57 68 61 74 27 73 20 61 |.2.1 Q: |What's a|
|00029300| 20 72 65 73 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 3f 0a 0a 53 65 76 | resecti|on?..Sev|
|00029310| 65 72 65 6c 79 20 61 66 | 66 65 63 74 65 64 20 70 |erely af|fected p|
|00029320| 6f 72 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 69 |ortions |of the i|
|00029330| 6e 74 65 73 74 69 6e 65 | 20 61 72 65 20 72 65 6d |ntestine| are rem|
|00029340| 6f 76 65 64 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 68 65 61 |oved and| the hea|
|00029350| 6c 74 68 79 0a 65 6e 64 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 73 65 |lthy.end|s are se|
|00029360| 77 6e 20 74 6f 67 65 74 | 68 65 72 2e 20 54 68 69 |wn toget|her. Thi|
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|00029380| 65 6e 74 73 20 69 6e 66 | 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 69 6f |ents inf|lammatio|
|00029390| 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 72 | 65 63 75 72 72 69 6e 67 |n from r|ecurring|
|000293a0| 0a 6c 61 74 65 72 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 73 20 67 65 |.later a|nd is ge|
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|000293c0| 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 77 | 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |d only w|hen the |
|000293d0| 69 6e 66 6c 61 6d 6d 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 |inflamma|tion is |
|000293e0| 75 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 74 | 6f 20 62 65 0a 63 6f 6e |unable t|o be.con|
|000293f0| 74 72 6f 6c 6c 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 6d 65 64 69 63 |trolled |by medic|
|00029400| 61 6c 20 74 68 65 72 61 | 70 79 2e 0a 0a 33 2e 32 |al thera|py...3.2|
|00029410| 2e 32 20 51 3a 20 41 66 | 74 65 72 20 73 75 72 67 |.2 Q: Af|ter surg|
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|00029430| 6e 79 74 68 69 6e 67 20 | 62 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 |nything |be done |
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|00029450| 63 75 72 72 69 6e 67 0a | 61 67 61 69 6e 3f 0a 0a |curring.|again?..|
|00029460| 53 6d 6f 6b 69 6e 67 20 | 69 73 20 61 73 73 6f 63 |Smoking |is assoc|
|00029470| 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 72 65 63 75 72 |iated wi|th recur|
|00029480| 72 65 6e 74 20 64 69 73 | 65 61 73 65 20 66 6f 6c |rent dis|ease fol|
|00029490| 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 73 | 75 72 67 65 72 79 20 69 |lowing s|urgery i|
|000294a0| 6e 20 43 44 0a 70 61 74 | 69 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 43 |n CD.pat|ients. C|
|000294b0| 6c 65 61 72 6c 79 2c 20 | 43 44 20 70 61 74 69 65 |learly, |CD patie|
|000294c0| 6e 74 73 20 6d 75 73 74 | 20 62 65 20 73 74 72 6f |nts must| be stro|
|000294d0| 6e 67 6c 79 20 65 6e 63 | 6f 75 72 61 67 65 64 20 |ngly enc|ouraged |
|000294e0| 74 6f 20 73 74 6f 70 20 | 73 6d 6f 6b 69 6e 67 2e |to stop |smoking.|
|000294f0| 0a 0a 54 68 65 72 65 20 | 69 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |..There |is some |
|00029500| 65 76 69 64 65 6e 63 65 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 35 2d |evidence| that 5-|
|00029510| 41 53 41 20 64 72 75 67 | 73 20 28 65 73 70 65 63 |ASA drug|s (espec|
|00029520| 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 50 65 | 6e 74 61 73 61 20 66 6f |ially Pe|ntasa fo|
|00029530| 72 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 | 62 6f 77 65 6c 0a 64 69 |r small |bowel.di|
|00029540| 73 65 61 73 65 29 20 6d | 61 79 20 62 65 20 75 73 |sease) m|ay be us|
|00029550| 65 66 75 6c 20 69 6e 20 | 70 72 65 76 65 6e 74 69 |eful in |preventi|
|00029560| 6e 67 20 64 69 73 65 61 | 73 65 20 72 65 63 75 72 |ng disea|se recur|
|00029570| 72 65 6e 63 65 20 61 66 | 74 65 72 20 73 75 72 67 |rence af|ter surg|
|00029580| 65 72 79 2e 20 53 6f 6d | 65 0a 65 78 70 65 72 74 |ery. Som|e.expert|
|00029590| 73 20 75 73 65 20 36 2d | 4d 50 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f |s use 6-|MP follo|
|000295a0| 77 69 6e 67 20 73 75 72 | 67 65 72 79 20 69 6e 20 |wing sur|gery in |
|000295b0| 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 |patients| with a |
|000295c0| 68 69 67 68 20 72 69 73 | 6b 20 6f 66 0a 72 65 63 |high ris|k of.rec|
|000295d0| 75 72 72 65 6e 63 65 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 72 |urrence |and ther|
|000295e0| 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 | 72 69 61 6c 20 69 6e 20 |e is a t|rial in |
|000295f0| 70 72 6f 67 72 65 73 73 | 20 74 6f 20 73 65 65 20 |progress| to see |
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|00029620| 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 6c | 73 6f 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |re is al|so some |
|00029630| 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 64 20 | 65 76 69 64 65 6e 63 65 |limited |evidence|
|00029640| 20 74 68 61 74 20 6d 65 | 74 72 6f 6e 69 64 61 7a | that me|tronidaz|
|00029650| 6f 6c 65 20 6d 61 79 20 | 62 65 0a 68 65 6c 70 66 |ole may |be.helpf|
|00029660| 75 6c 20 69 6e 20 70 72 | 65 76 65 6e 74 69 6e 67 |ul in pr|eventing|
|00029670| 20 64 69 73 65 61 73 65 | 20 72 65 63 75 72 72 65 | disease| recurre|
|00029680| 6e 63 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c | 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 73 75 |nce foll|owing su|
|00029690| 72 67 65 72 79 2e 20 46 | 69 73 68 20 6f 69 6c 20 |rgery. F|ish oil |
|000296a0| 6d 61 79 0a 61 6c 73 6f | 20 62 65 20 61 20 72 65 |may.also| be a re|
|000296b0| 6c 61 74 69 76 65 6c 79 | 20 73 61 66 65 20 6f 70 |latively| safe op|
|000296c0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 68 6f | 75 67 68 20 69 74 20 69 |tion tho|ugh it i|
|000296d0| 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 6f 66 | 20 70 72 6f 76 65 6e 20 |s not of| proven |
|000296e0| 62 65 6e 65 66 69 74 2e | 0a 0a 34 2e 31 20 51 3a |benefit.|..4.1 Q:|
|000296f0| 20 57 68 61 74 20 72 6f | 6c 65 20 64 6f 65 73 20 | What ro|le does |
|00029700| 64 69 65 74 20 70 6c 61 | 79 20 69 6e 20 49 42 44 |diet pla|y in IBD|
|00029710| 3f 0a 0a 4d 6f 73 74 20 | 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 |?..Most |patients|
|00029720| 20 66 69 6e 64 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 63 65 72 74 61 | find th|at certa|
|00029730| 69 6e 20 66 6f 6f 64 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 74 6f 6c |in foods| are tol|
|00029740| 65 72 61 74 65 64 20 6c | 65 73 73 20 77 65 6c 6c |erated l|ess well|
|00029750| 20 74 68 61 6e 20 6f 74 | 68 65 72 73 0a 77 68 65 | than ot|hers.whe|
|00029760| 6e 20 73 79 6d 70 74 6f | 6d 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 |n sympto|ms are a|
|00029770| 63 74 69 76 65 2c 20 62 | 75 74 20 74 68 65 72 65 |ctive, b|ut there|
|00029780| 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 65 | 76 69 64 65 6e 63 65 20 | is no e|vidence |
|00029790| 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 73 65 20 66 6f 6f 64 73 |that the|se foods|
|000297a0| 0a 64 69 72 65 63 74 6c | 79 20 61 66 66 65 63 74 |.directl|y affect|
|000297b0| 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 66 | 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 69 6f | the inf|lammatio|
|000297c0| 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6d | 6f 73 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d |n. The m|ost comm|
|000297d0| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 66 65 6e | 64 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 |on offen|ders are|
|000297e0| 20 6d 69 6c 6b 0a 70 72 | 6f 64 75 63 74 73 20 28 | milk.pr|oducts (|
|000297f0| 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |see the |section |
|00029800| 6f 6e 20 6c 61 63 74 6f | 73 65 20 69 6e 74 6f 6c |on lacto|se intol|
|00029810| 65 72 61 6e 63 65 20 62 | 65 6c 6f 77 29 2c 20 73 |erance b|elow), s|
|00029820| 70 69 63 79 0a 66 6f 6f | 64 73 2c 20 66 61 74 73 |picy.foo|ds, fats|
|00029830| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 75 | 67 61 72 73 2e 20 49 6e |, and su|gars. In|
|00029840| 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c | 2c 20 61 20 62 6c 61 6e | general|, a blan|
|00029850| 64 20 6c 6f 77 20 66 69 | 62 65 72 20 64 69 65 74 |d low fi|ber diet|
|00029860| 20 61 76 6f 69 64 69 6e | 67 0a 66 72 75 69 74 73 | avoidin|g.fruits|
|00029870| 2c 20 76 65 67 65 74 61 | 62 6c 65 73 2c 20 6e 75 |, vegeta|bles, nu|
|00029880| 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 77 68 6f 6c 65 20 67 72 |ts, and |whole gr|
|00029890| 61 69 6e 73 20 69 73 20 | 70 72 65 66 65 72 61 62 |ains is |preferab|
|000298a0| 6c 65 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 65 |le when |the dise|
|000298b0| 61 73 65 0a 69 73 20 61 | 63 74 69 76 65 2e 20 41 |ase.is a|ctive. A|
|000298c0| 20 68 69 67 68 20 66 69 | 62 65 72 20 64 69 65 74 | high fi|ber diet|
|000298d0| 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 62 | 65 20 72 65 63 6f 6d 6d | is to b|e recomm|
|000298e0| 65 6e 64 65 64 20 77 68 | 65 6e 20 73 79 6d 70 74 |ended wh|en sympt|
|000298f0| 6f 6d 73 20 61 72 65 6e | 27 74 0a 70 72 65 73 65 |oms aren|'t.prese|
|00029900| 6e 74 2e 0a 0a 44 75 65 | 20 74 6f 20 72 65 64 75 |nt...Due| to redu|
|00029910| 63 65 64 20 61 70 70 65 | 74 69 74 65 2c 20 6d 61 |ced appe|tite, ma|
|00029920| 6c 61 62 73 6f 72 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 6e |labsorpt|ion of n|
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|0002b480| 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 | 20 62 65 73 74 20 64 6f | This is| best do|
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|0002ce20| 20 0a 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 | 69 67 68 74 20 4e 6f 74 | ..Copyr|ight Not|
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|0002ce40| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 0a 0a 43 | 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 |=====..C|opyright|
|0002ce50| 20 31 39 39 37 20 62 79 | 20 4b 65 76 69 6e 20 48 | 1997 by| Kevin H|
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|0002cf90| 0a 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |.=======|========|
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|0002d440| 6f 72 20 43 44 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 43 6f 6c 6c |or CD.  |The Coll|
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|0002d460| 46 41 51 0a 64 69 73 63 | 75 73 73 65 73 20 61 20 |FAQ.disc|usses a |
|0002d470| 6c 65 73 73 20 74 79 70 | 69 63 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 |less typ|ical for|
|0002d480| 6d 20 6f 66 20 49 42 44 | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 |m of IBD| which a|
|0002d490| 6c 73 6f 20 73 68 61 72 | 65 73 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 |lso shar|es many |
|0002d4a0| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0a 73 | 79 6d 70 74 6f 6d 73 20 |of the.s|ymptoms |
|0002d4b0| 6f 66 20 55 43 2e 0a 0a | 46 6f 72 20 74 68 6f 73 |of UC...|For thos|
|0002d4c0| 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 57 | 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 69 64 |e with W|orld Wid|
|0002d4d0| 65 20 57 65 62 20 61 63 | 63 65 73 73 2c 20 63 75 |e Web ac|cess, cu|
|0002d4e0| 72 72 65 6e 74 20 76 65 | 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f |rrent ve|rsions o|
|0002d4f0| 66 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 | 65 73 65 20 46 41 51 73 |f all th|ese FAQs|
|0002d500| 0a 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 61 74 |.can be |found at|
|0002d510| 20 42 69 6c 6c 20 52 6f | 62 65 72 74 73 6f 6e 27 | Bill Ro|bertson'|
|0002d520| 73 20 77 65 62 73 69 74 | 65 2c 20 55 52 4c 0a 68 |s websit|e, URL.h|
|0002d530| 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 71 75 | 72 6c 79 6a 6f 65 2e 62 |ttp://qu|rlyjoe.b|
|0002d540| 75 2e 65 64 75 2f 63 64 | 75 63 68 6f 6d 65 2e 68 |u.edu/cd|uchome.h|
|0002d550| 74 6d 6c 2e 0a 0a 43 6f | 6d 6d 6f 6e 6c 79 2d 75 |tml...Co|mmonly-u|
|0002d560| 73 65 64 20 61 62 62 72 | 65 76 69 61 74 69 6f 6e |sed abbr|eviation|
|0002d570| 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 46 41 51 20 61 6e |s in thi|s FAQ an|
|0002d580| 64 20 6f 6e 0a 61 6c 74 | 2e 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 |d on.alt|.support|
|0002d590| 2e 63 72 6f 68 6e 73 2d | 63 6f 6c 69 74 69 73 20 |.crohns-|colitis |
|0002d5a0| 28 61 2e 73 2e 63 2e 2d | 63 29 3a 0a 0a 49 42 44 |(a.s.c.-|c):..IBD|
|0002d5b0| 20 20 20 20 20 69 6e 66 | 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 6f 72 |     inf|lammator|
|0002d5c0| 79 20 62 6f 77 65 6c 20 | 64 69 73 65 61 73 65 2d |y bowel |disease-|
|0002d5d0| 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 | 73 20 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 | include|s Crohn'|
|0002d5e0| 73 20 44 69 73 65 61 73 | 65 20 61 6e 64 0a 20 20 |s Diseas|e and.  |
|0002d5f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 75 6c 63 65 72 61 |        |  ulcera|
|0002d600| 74 69 76 65 20 63 6f 6c | 69 74 69 73 0a 49 42 53 |tive col|itis.IBS|
|0002d610| 20 20 20 20 20 69 72 72 | 69 74 61 62 6c 65 20 62 |     irr|itable b|
|0002d620| 6f 77 65 6c 20 73 79 6e | 64 72 6f 6d 65 0a 55 43 |owel syn|drome.UC|
|0002d630| 20 20 20 20 20 20 75 6c | 63 65 72 61 74 69 76 65 |      ul|cerative|
|0002d640| 20 63 6f 6c 69 74 69 73 | 0a 43 44 20 20 20 20 20 | colitis|.CD     |
|0002d650| 20 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 73 | 20 44 69 73 65 61 73 65 | Crohn's| Disease|
|0002d660| 0a 43 43 46 41 20 20 20 | 20 74 68 65 20 43 72 6f |.CCFA   | the Cro|
|0002d670| 68 6e 27 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 43 6f 6c 69 74 69 73 |hn's and| Colitis|
|0002d680| 20 46 6f 75 6e 64 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 41 | Foundat|ion of A|
|0002d690| 6d 65 72 69 63 61 0a 43 | 43 46 43 20 20 20 20 43 |merica.C|CFC    C|
|0002d6a0| 61 6e 61 64 69 61 6e 20 | 46 6f 75 6e 64 61 74 69 |anadian |Foundati|
|0002d6b0| 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 49 | 6c 65 69 74 69 73 20 61 |on for I|leitis a|
|0002d6c0| 6e 64 20 43 6f 6c 69 74 | 69 73 0a 55 4f 41 20 20 |nd Colit|is.UOA  |
|0002d6d0| 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 55 | 6e 69 74 65 64 20 4f 73 |   the U|nited Os|
|0002d6e0| 74 6f 6d 79 20 41 73 73 | 6f 63 69 61 74 69 6f 6e |tomy Ass|ociation|
|0002d6f0| 0a 4e 53 41 49 44 20 20 | 20 4e 6f 6e 2d 73 74 65 |.NSAID  | Non-ste|
|0002d700| 72 6f 69 64 61 6c 2c 20 | 61 6e 74 69 2d 69 6e 66 |roidal, |anti-inf|
|0002d710| 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 6f 72 | 79 20 64 72 75 67 0a 54 |lammator|y drug.T|
|0002d720| 50 4e 20 20 20 20 20 54 | 6f 74 61 6c 20 70 61 72 |PN     T|otal par|
|0002d730| 65 6e 74 65 72 61 6c 20 | 6e 75 74 72 69 74 69 6f |enteral |nutritio|
|0002d740| 6e 0a 47 49 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 47 61 73 74 72 6f |n.GI    |  Gastro|
|0002d750| 2d 69 6e 74 65 73 74 69 | 6e 61 6c 2c 20 69 2e 65 |-intesti|nal, i.e|
|0002d760| 2e 2c 20 70 65 72 74 61 | 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 6f |., perta|ining to|
|0002d770| 20 79 6f 75 72 20 64 69 | 67 65 73 74 69 76 65 20 | your di|gestive |
|0002d780| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 0a 0a | 0a 0a 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |system..|..======|
|0002d790| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========|
|0002d7a0| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 0a 31 2e 30 20 44 69 67 |========|.1.0 Dig|
|0002d7b0| 65 73 74 69 76 65 20 73 | 79 73 74 65 6d 20 70 72 |estive s|ystem pr|
|0002d7c0| 69 6d 65 72 0a 31 2e 31 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |imer.1.1| Q: What|
|0002d7d0| 20 69 73 20 49 6e 66 6c | 61 6d 6d 61 74 6f 72 79 | is Infl|ammatory|
|0002d7e0| 20 42 6f 77 65 6c 20 44 | 69 73 65 61 73 65 20 28 | Bowel D|isease (|
|0002d7f0| 49 42 44 29 3f 0a 31 2e | 31 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 57 |IBD)?.1.|1.1 Q: W|
|0002d800| 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 75 | 6c 63 65 72 61 74 69 76 |hat is u|lcerativ|
|0002d810| 65 20 63 6f 6c 69 74 69 | 73 20 28 55 43 29 3f 0a |e coliti|s (UC)?.|
|0002d820| 31 2e 31 2e 32 20 51 3a | 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |1.1.2 Q:| What is|
|0002d830| 20 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 73 | 20 64 69 73 65 61 73 65 | Crohn's| disease|
|0002d840| 20 28 43 44 29 3f 0a 31 | 2e 31 2e 33 20 51 3a 20 | (CD)?.1|.1.3 Q: |
|0002d850| 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 | 69 6c 65 69 74 69 73 3f |What is |ileitis?|
|0002d860| 0a 31 2e 31 2e 34 20 51 | 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 |.1.1.4 Q|: What i|
|0002d870| 73 20 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 | 73 20 63 6f 6c 69 74 69 |s Crohn'|s coliti|
|0002d880| 73 3f 0a 31 2e 31 2e 35 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |s?.1.1.5| Q: What|
|0002d890| 20 69 73 20 75 6c 63 65 | 72 61 74 69 76 65 20 70 | is ulce|rative p|
|0002d8a0| 72 6f 63 74 69 74 69 73 | 3f 0a 31 2e 31 2e 36 20 |roctitis|?.1.1.6 |
|0002d8b0| 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 | 69 73 20 47 72 61 6e 75 |Q: What |is Granu|
|0002d8c0| 6c 6f 6d 61 74 6f 75 73 | 20 63 6f 6c 69 74 69 73 |lomatous| colitis|
|0002d8d0| 3f 0a 31 2e 31 2e 37 20 | 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 |?.1.1.7 |Q: What |
|0002d8e0| 69 73 20 49 72 72 69 74 | 61 62 6c 65 20 42 6f 77 |is Irrit|able Bow|
|0002d8f0| 65 6c 20 53 79 6e 64 72 | 6f 6d 65 3f 0a 0a 31 2e |el Syndr|ome?..1.|
|0002d900| 32 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 73 79 6d 70 74 6f |2 Q: Wha|t sympto|
|0002d910| 6d 73 20 61 72 65 20 65 | 78 70 65 72 69 65 6e 63 |ms are e|xperienc|
|0002d920| 65 64 20 62 79 20 49 42 | 44 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e |ed by IB|D patien|
|0002d930| 74 73 3f 0a 31 2e 32 2e | 31 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 |ts?.1.2.|1 Q: Wha|
|0002d940| 74 20 61 72 65 20 65 78 | 74 72 61 2d 69 6e 74 65 |t are ex|tra-inte|
|0002d950| 73 74 69 6e 61 6c 20 6d | 61 6e 69 66 65 73 74 61 |stinal m|anifesta|
|0002d960| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 64 |tions of| these d|
|0002d970| 69 73 65 61 73 65 73 3f | 0a 31 2e 32 2e 32 20 51 |iseases?|.1.2.2 Q|
|0002d980| 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 63 6f 6d |: What o|ther com|
|0002d990| 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 63 61 6e 20 6f |plicatio|ns can o|
|0002d9a0| 63 63 75 72 3f 0a 31 2e | 32 2e 33 20 51 3a 20 57 |ccur?.1.|2.3 Q: W|
|0002d9b0| 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 74 | 6f 78 69 63 20 6d 65 67 |hat is t|oxic meg|
|0002d9c0| 61 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 3f 0a | 31 2e 32 2e 34 20 51 3a |acolon?.|1.2.4 Q:|
|0002d9d0| 20 57 68 61 74 20 61 72 | 65 20 66 69 73 74 75 6c | What ar|e fistul|
|0002d9e0| 61 73 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 62 73 63 65 73 73 65 73 |as and a|bscesses|
|0002d9f0| 3f 0a 31 2e 32 2e 35 20 | 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 |?.1.2.5 |Q: What |
|0002da00| 61 72 65 20 73 74 72 69 | 63 74 75 72 65 73 3f 0a |are stri|ctures?.|
|0002da10| 31 2e 32 2e 36 20 51 3a | 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |1.2.6 Q:| What is|
|0002da20| 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 6e | 63 65 72 20 72 69 73 6b | the can|cer risk|
|0002da30| 20 69 6e 20 49 42 44 20 | 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | in IBD |patients|
|0002da40| 3f 0a 31 2e 32 2e 36 2e | 31 20 51 3a 20 41 72 65 |?.1.2.6.|1 Q: Are|
|0002da50| 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 66 61 63 | there o|ther fac|
|0002da60| 74 6f 72 73 20 70 72 65 | 64 69 73 70 6f 73 69 6e |tors pre|disposin|
|0002da70| 67 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 |g to the| develop|
|0002da80| 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 | 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 0a 63 61 |ment of |colon.ca|
|0002da90| 6e 63 65 72 3f 0a 31 2e | 32 2e 36 2e 32 20 51 3a |ncer?.1.|2.6.2 Q:|
|0002daa0| 20 41 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 72 65 20 77 61 79 73 20 | Are the|re ways |
|0002dab0| 74 6f 20 72 65 64 75 63 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 72 69 |to reduc|e the ri|
|0002dac0| 73 6b 20 6f 66 20 64 65 | 76 65 6c 6f 70 69 6e 67 |sk of de|veloping|
|0002dad0| 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 20 63 | 61 6e 63 65 72 3f 0a 0a | colon c|ancer?..|
|0002dae0| 31 2e 33 20 51 3a 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 |1.3 Q: W|hat are |
|0002daf0| 74 68 65 20 63 61 75 73 | 65 73 20 6f 66 20 43 72 |the caus|es of Cr|
|0002db00| 6f 68 6e 27 73 20 64 69 | 73 65 61 73 65 20 61 6e |ohn's di|sease an|
|0002db10| 64 20 75 6c 63 65 72 61 | 74 69 76 65 20 63 6f 6c |d ulcera|tive col|
|0002db20| 69 74 69 73 3f 0a 31 2e | 34 20 51 3a 20 43 6f 75 |itis?.1.|4 Q: Cou|
|0002db30| 6c 64 20 49 42 44 20 62 | 65 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 68 |ld IBD b|e an inh|
|0002db40| 65 72 69 74 65 64 20 63 | 6f 6e 64 69 74 69 6f 6e |erited c|ondition|
|0002db50| 3f 0a 31 2e 35 20 51 3a | 20 57 68 6f 20 67 65 74 |?.1.5 Q:| Who get|
|0002db60| 73 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 64 69 73 65 61 73 65 73 |s these |diseases|
|0002db70| 3f 0a 31 2e 36 20 51 3a | 20 41 72 65 20 74 68 65 |?.1.6 Q:| Are the|
|0002db80| 72 65 20 61 6e 79 20 66 | 61 63 74 6f 72 73 20 74 |re any f|actors t|
|0002db90| 68 61 74 20 70 72 65 64 | 69 73 70 6f 73 65 20 74 |hat pred|ispose t|
|0002dba0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 | 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e |o the de|velopmen|
|0002dbb0| 74 20 6f 66 20 55 43 20 | 61 6e 64 2f 6f 72 20 43 |t of UC |and/or C|
|0002dbc0| 44 3f 0a 31 2e 37 20 51 | 3a 20 20 41 72 65 20 74 |D?.1.7 Q|:  Are t|
|0002dbd0| 68 65 72 65 20 61 6e 79 | 20 66 61 63 74 6f 72 73 |here any| factors|
|0002dbe0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 70 72 | 6f 74 65 63 74 20 61 67 | that pr|otect ag|
|0002dbf0| 61 69 6e 73 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f |ainst th|e develo|
|0002dc00| 70 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 20 55 43 0a 61 6e 64 2f |pment of| UC.and/|
|0002dc10| 6f 72 20 43 44 3f 0a 0a | 31 2e 38 20 51 3a 20 48 |or CD?..|1.8 Q: H|
|0002dc20| 6f 77 20 69 73 20 75 6c | 63 65 72 61 74 69 76 65 |ow is ul|cerative|
|0002dc30| 20 63 6f 6c 69 74 69 73 | 20 64 69 61 67 6e 6f 73 | colitis| diagnos|
|0002dc40| 65 64 3f 0a 31 2e 38 2e | 31 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 |ed?.1.8.|1 Q: Wha|
|0002dc50| 74 20 61 72 65 20 66 6c | 65 78 69 62 6c 65 20 73 |t are fl|exible s|
|0002dc60| 69 67 6d 6f 69 64 6f 73 | 63 6f 70 79 20 61 6e 64 |igmoidos|copy and|
|0002dc70| 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 6f 73 | 63 6f 70 79 3f 0a 0a 31 | colonos|copy?..1|
|0002dc80| 2e 39 20 51 3a 20 48 6f | 77 20 69 73 20 43 72 6f |.9 Q: Ho|w is Cro|
|0002dc90| 68 6e 27 73 20 64 69 73 | 65 61 73 65 20 64 69 61 |hn's dis|ease dia|
|0002dca0| 67 6e 6f 73 65 64 3f 0a | 0a 32 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 |gnosed?.|.2.1 Q: |
|0002dcb0| 57 68 61 74 20 44 72 75 | 67 20 74 68 65 72 61 70 |What Dru|g therap|
|0002dcc0| 69 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |ies are |used to |
|0002dcd0| 74 72 65 61 74 20 49 42 | 44 3f 0a 32 2e 31 2e 31 |treat IB|D?.2.1.1|
|0002dce0| 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 | 20 61 72 65 20 35 2d 41 | Q: What| are 5-A|
|0002dcf0| 53 41 20 44 72 75 67 73 | 3f 0a 32 2e 31 2e 31 2e |SA Drugs|?.2.1.1.|
|0002dd00| 31 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 69 73 20 41 7a 75 |1 Q: Wha|t is Azu|
|0002dd10| 6c 66 69 64 69 6e 65 3f | 0a 32 2e 31 2e 31 2e 32 |lfidine?|.2.1.1.2|
|0002dd20| 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 | 20 69 73 20 44 69 70 65 | Q: What| is Dipe|
|0002dd30| 6e 74 75 6d 3f 0a 32 2e | 31 2e 31 2e 33 20 51 3a |ntum?.2.|1.1.3 Q:|
|0002dd40| 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 | 20 41 73 61 63 6f 6c 3f | What is| Asacol?|
|0002dd50| 0a 32 2e 31 2e 31 2e 34 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |.2.1.1.4| Q: What|
|0002dd60| 20 69 73 20 53 61 6c 6f | 66 61 6c 6b 3f 0a 32 2e | is Salo|falk?.2.|
|0002dd70| 31 2e 31 2e 35 20 51 3a | 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |1.1.5 Q:| What is|
|0002dd80| 20 50 65 6e 74 61 73 61 | 3f 0a 32 2e 31 2e 31 2e | Pentasa|?.2.1.1.|
|0002dd90| 36 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 69 73 20 42 61 6c |6 Q: Wha|t is Bal|
|0002dda0| 73 61 6c 61 7a 69 64 65 | 3f 0a 32 2e 31 2e 31 2e |salazide|?.2.1.1.|
|0002ddb0| 37 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 69 73 20 52 6f 77 |7 Q: Wha|t is Row|
|0002ddc0| 61 73 61 3f 0a 0a 32 2e | 31 2e 32 20 57 68 61 74 |asa?..2.|1.2 What|
|0002ddd0| 20 69 73 20 4d 65 74 72 | 6f 6e 69 64 61 7a 6f 6c | is Metr|onidazol|
|0002dde0| 65 3f 0a 32 2e 31 2e 33 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |e?.2.1.3| Q: What|
|0002ddf0| 20 69 73 20 43 69 70 72 | 6f 66 6c 6f 78 61 63 69 | is Cipr|ofloxaci|
|0002de00| 6e 3f 0a 32 2e 31 2e 34 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |n?.2.1.4| Q: What|
|0002de10| 20 69 73 20 43 6c 61 72 | 69 74 68 72 6f 6d 79 63 | is Clar|ithromyc|
|0002de20| 69 6e 20 28 42 69 61 78 | 69 6e 29 3f 0a 0a 32 2e |in (Biax|in)?..2.|
|0002de30| 31 2e 35 20 51 3a 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 |1.5 Q: W|hat are |
|0002de40| 61 64 72 65 6e 61 6c 20 | 63 6f 72 74 69 63 6f 73 |adrenal |corticos|
|0002de50| 74 65 72 6f 69 64 73 20 | 28 73 74 65 72 6f 69 64 |teroids |(steroid|
|0002de60| 73 29 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 77 68 65 6e 20 61 6e 64 |s), and |when and|
|0002de70| 20 77 68 79 20 61 72 65 | 0a 74 68 65 79 20 75 73 | why are|.they us|
|0002de80| 65 64 3f 0a 32 2e 31 2e | 35 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 57 |ed?.2.1.|5.1 Q: W|
|0002de90| 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 69 64 65 |hat are |the side|
|0002dea0| 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 61 | effects| from ta|
|0002deb0| 6b 69 6e 67 20 73 74 65 | 72 6f 69 64 73 3f 0a 32 |king ste|roids?.2|
|0002dec0| 2e 31 2e 35 2e 32 20 51 | 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 |.1.5.2 Q|: What i|
|0002ded0| 73 20 6d 65 61 6e 74 20 | 62 79 20 22 41 6c 74 65 |s meant |by "Alte|
|0002dee0| 72 6e 61 74 65 20 44 61 | 79 20 54 68 65 72 61 70 |rnate Da|y Therap|
|0002def0| 79 22 3f 0a 32 2e 31 2e | 35 2e 33 20 57 68 61 74 |y"?.2.1.|5.3 What|
|0002df00| 20 69 73 20 42 75 64 65 | 73 6f 6e 69 64 65 3f 0a | is Bude|sonide?.|
|0002df10| 32 2e 31 2e 35 2e 34 20 | 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 |2.1.5.4 |What is |
|0002df20| 41 43 54 48 3f 0a 32 2e | 31 2e 35 2e 35 20 51 3a |ACTH?.2.|1.5.5 Q:|
|0002df30| 20 57 68 61 74 20 64 6f | 20 73 74 65 72 6f 69 64 | What do| steroid|
|0002df40| 73 20 64 6f 20 74 6f 20 | 62 6f 6e 65 73 3f 0a 32 |s do to |bones?.2|
|0002df50| 2e 31 2e 35 2e 36 20 51 | 3a 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 |.1.5.6 Q|:  What |
|0002df60| 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 | 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 74 |should b|e done t|
|0002df70| 6f 20 6d 69 6e 69 6d 69 | 7a 65 20 74 68 65 20 64 |o minimi|ze the d|
|0002df80| 61 6d 61 67 65 20 64 6f | 6e 65 20 62 79 20 73 74 |amage do|ne by st|
|0002df90| 65 72 6f 69 64 73 20 74 | 6f 0a 20 62 6f 6e 65 73 |eroids t|o. bones|
|0002dfa0| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 49 20 | 61 6d 20 62 65 69 6e 67 | when I |am being|
|0002dfb0| 20 74 72 65 61 74 65 64 | 20 66 6f 72 20 49 42 44 | treated| for IBD|
|0002dfc0| 3f 0a 0a 32 2e 31 2e 36 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |?..2.1.6| Q: What|
|0002dfd0| 20 61 72 65 20 69 6d 6d | 75 6e 6f 73 75 70 70 72 | are imm|unosuppr|
|0002dfe0| 65 73 73 69 76 65 20 64 | 72 75 67 73 20 61 6e 64 |essive d|rugs and|
|0002dff0| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 61 72 | 65 20 74 68 65 79 20 75 | when ar|e they u|
|0002e000| 73 65 64 3f 0a 32 2e 31 | 2e 36 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 |sed?.2.1|.6.1 Q: |
|0002e010| 57 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 | 20 20 41 7a 61 74 68 69 |What are|  Azathi|
|0002e020| 6f 70 72 69 6e 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 36 2d 4d 50 3f |oprine a|nd 6-MP?|
|0002e030| 0a 32 2e 31 2e 36 2e 32 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |.2.1.6.2| Q: What|
|0002e040| 20 69 73 20 4d 65 74 68 | 6f 74 72 65 78 61 74 65 | is Meth|otrexate|
|0002e050| 3f 0a 32 2e 31 2e 36 2e | 33 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 |?.2.1.6.|3 Q: Wha|
|0002e060| 74 20 69 73 20 43 79 63 | 6c 6f 73 70 6f 72 69 6e |t is Cyc|losporin|
|0002e070| 65 3f 0a 0a 32 2e 32 20 | 51 3a 20 41 72 65 20 61 |e?..2.2 |Q: Are a|
|0002e080| 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 64 72 75 67 73 20 75 |ny other| drugs u|
|0002e090| 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 | 72 65 61 74 20 49 42 44 |sed to t|reat IBD|
|0002e0a0| 3f 0a 32 2e 32 2e 31 20 | 51 3a 20 41 72 65 20 6e |?.2.2.1 |Q: Are n|
|0002e0b0| 69 63 6f 74 69 6e 65 20 | 70 61 74 63 68 65 73 20 |icotine |patches |
|0002e0c0| 65 76 65 72 20 75 73 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 74 72 65 |ever use|d to tre|
|0002e0d0| 61 74 20 55 43 3f 0a 32 | 2e 32 2e 32 20 20 51 3a |at UC?.2|.2.2  Q:|
|0002e0e0| 20 57 68 61 74 20 61 62 | 6f 75 74 20 61 6e 74 69 | What ab|out anti|
|0002e0f0| 62 6f 64 69 65 73 20 61 | 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 54 |bodies a|gainst T|
|0002e100| 4e 46 20 28 54 75 6d 6f | 72 20 4e 65 63 72 6f 73 |NF (Tumo|r Necros|
|0002e110| 69 73 20 46 61 63 74 6f | 72 29 3f 0a 32 2e 32 2e |is Facto|r)?.2.2.|
|0002e120| 32 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 54 |2.1 Q: W|hat is T|
|0002e130| 75 6d 6f 72 20 4e 65 63 | 72 6f 73 69 73 20 46 61 |umor Nec|rosis Fa|
|0002e140| 63 74 6f 72 20 6f 72 20 | 54 4e 46 3f 0a 32 2e 32 |ctor or |TNF?.2.2|
|0002e150| 2e 32 2e 32 20 51 3a 20 | 44 6f 65 73 20 54 4e 46 |.2.2 Q: |Does TNF|
|0002e160| 20 73 65 72 76 65 20 61 | 6e 79 20 75 73 65 66 75 | serve a|ny usefu|
|0002e170| 6c 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 3f 0a 32 2e 32 2e |l functi|on?.2.2.|
|0002e180| 32 2e 33 20 51 3a 20 49 | 73 20 54 4e 46 20 69 6d |2.3 Q: I|s TNF im|
|0002e190| 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20 | 69 6e 20 49 42 44 3f 20 |portant |in IBD? |
|0002e1a0| 6a 75 73 74 20 43 44 3f | 20 77 68 61 74 20 61 62 |just CD?| what ab|
|0002e1b0| 6f 75 74 20 55 43 3f 0a | 32 2e 32 2e 32 2e 34 20 |out UC?.|2.2.2.4 |
|0002e1c0| 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 | 69 73 20 74 68 69 73 20 |Q: What |is this |
|0002e1d0| 6e 65 77 20 61 6e 74 69 | 2d 54 4e 46 20 74 72 65 |new anti|-TNF tre|
|0002e1e0| 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 3f 0a | 32 2e 32 2e 32 2e 35 20 |atment?.|2.2.2.5 |
|0002e1f0| 51 3a 20 48 6f 77 20 64 | 6f 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |Q: How d|oes the |
|0002e200| 61 6e 74 69 2d 54 4e 46 | 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 |anti-TNF| treatme|
|0002e210| 6e 74 20 77 6f 72 6b 3f | 0a 32 2e 32 2e 32 2e 36 |nt work?|.2.2.2.6|
|0002e220| 20 51 3a 20 41 72 65 20 | 74 68 65 72 65 20 70 72 | Q: Are |there pr|
|0002e230| 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |oblems w|ith the |
|0002e240| 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | 74 3f 0a 32 2e 32 2e 32 |treatmen|t?.2.2.2|
|0002e250| 2e 37 20 51 3a 20 57 68 | 61 74 20 73 6f 72 74 20 |.7 Q: Wh|at sort |
|0002e260| 6f 66 20 70 61 74 69 65 | 6e 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 |of patie|nts are |
|0002e270| 73 75 69 74 61 62 6c 65 | 20 63 61 6e 64 69 64 61 |suitable| candida|
|0002e280| 74 65 73 20 66 6f 72 20 | 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e |tes for |treatmen|
|0002e290| 74 20 77 69 74 68 0a 09 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 6e |t with..|      an|
|0002e2a0| 74 69 2d 54 4e 46 20 61 | 6e 74 69 62 6f 64 79 3f |ti-TNF a|ntibody?|
|0002e2b0| 0a 32 2e 32 2e 32 2e 38 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |.2.2.2.8| Q: What|
|0002e2c0| 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 | are the| alterna|
|0002e2d0| 74 69 76 65 73 20 61 76 | 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 |tives av|ailable |
|0002e2e0| 61 74 20 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 3f 0a 32 2e 32 2e |at prese|nt?.2.2.|
|0002e2f0| 33 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 |3 Q: Wha|t about |
|0002e300| 49 6e 74 65 72 6c 65 75 | 6b 69 6e 2d 31 30 20 28 |Interleu|kin-10 (|
|0002e310| 49 4c 2d 31 30 29 20 74 | 68 65 72 61 70 79 20 66 |IL-10) t|herapy f|
|0002e320| 6f 72 20 43 44 3f 0a 32 | 2e 32 2e 34 20 51 3a 20 |or CD?.2|.2.4 Q: |
|0002e330| 57 68 61 74 20 61 62 6f | 75 74 20 66 69 73 68 20 |What abo|ut fish |
|0002e340| 6f 69 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 | 74 68 65 72 61 70 79 3f |oil for |therapy?|
|0002e350| 0a 32 2e 33 20 51 3a 20 | 43 61 6e 20 64 69 66 66 |.2.3 Q: |Can diff|
|0002e360| 65 72 65 6e 74 20 64 72 | 75 67 73 20 62 65 20 75 |erent dr|ugs be u|
|0002e370| 73 65 64 20 74 6f 67 65 | 74 68 65 72 20 74 6f 20 |sed toge|ther to |
|0002e380| 74 72 65 61 74 20 49 42 | 44 3f 0a 32 2e 34 20 20 |treat IB|D?.2.4  |
|0002e390| 51 3a 20 20 57 69 6c 6c | 20 49 20 6e 65 65 64 20 |Q:  Will| I need |
|0002e3a0| 74 6f 20 6b 65 65 70 20 | 74 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 6d |to keep |taking m|
|0002e3b0| 65 64 69 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 70 65 72 6d 61 |edicatio|ns perma|
|0002e3c0| 6e 65 6e 74 6c 79 3f 0a | 0a 33 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 |nently?.|.3.1 Q: |
|0002e3d0| 44 72 75 67 73 20 61 72 | 65 6e 27 74 20 77 6f 72 |Drugs ar|en't wor|
|0002e3e0| 6b 69 6e 67 2c 20 77 68 | 61 74 20 63 61 6e 20 73 |king, wh|at can s|
|0002e3f0| 75 72 67 65 72 79 20 64 | 6f 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 79 |urgery d|o for my|
|0002e400| 20 55 43 3f 0a 33 2e 31 | 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 57 68 | UC?.3.1|.1 Q: Wh|
|0002e410| 61 74 27 73 20 61 6e 20 | 69 6c 65 6f 73 74 6f 6d |at's an |ileostom|
|0002e420| 79 3f 0a 33 2e 31 2e 32 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |y?.3.1.2| Q: What|
|0002e430| 27 73 20 61 20 43 6f 6e | 74 69 6e 65 6e 74 20 49 |'s a Con|tinent I|
|0002e440| 6c 65 6f 73 74 6f 6d 79 | 3f 0a 33 2e 31 2e 33 20 |leostomy|?.3.1.3 |
|0002e450| 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 27 | 73 20 61 6e 20 49 6c 65 |Q: What'|s an Ile|
|0002e460| 6f 61 6e 61 6c 20 41 6e | 61 73 74 6f 6d 6f 73 69 |oanal An|astomosi|
|0002e470| 73 2c 20 6f 72 20 49 6c | 65 6f 61 6e 61 6c 20 50 |s, or Il|eoanal P|
|0002e480| 75 6c 6c 2d 54 68 72 6f | 75 67 68 3f 0a 33 2e 32 |ull-Thro|ugh?.3.2|
|0002e490| 2e 34 20 51 3a 20 57 68 | 61 74 20 63 61 6e 20 67 |.4 Q: Wh|at can g|
|0002e4a0| 6f 20 77 72 6f 6e 67 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 |o wrong |with the|
|0002e4b0| 73 65 20 73 75 72 67 65 | 72 69 65 73 3f 0a 0a 33 |se surge|ries?..3|
|0002e4c0| 2e 32 20 51 3a 20 41 72 | 65 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 |.2 Q: Ar|e there |
|0002e4d0| 73 75 72 67 69 63 61 6c | 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 |surgical| treatme|
|0002e4e0| 6e 74 73 20 66 6f 72 20 | 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 73 3f |nts for |Crohn's?|
|0002e4f0| 0a 33 2e 32 2e 31 20 51 | 3a 20 57 68 61 74 27 73 |.3.2.1 Q|: What's|
|0002e500| 20 61 20 72 65 73 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 3f 0a 33 2e | a resec|tion?.3.|
|0002e510| 32 2e 32 20 51 3a 20 41 | 66 74 65 72 20 73 75 72 |2.2 Q: A|fter sur|
|0002e520| 67 65 72 79 20 66 6f 72 | 20 43 44 20 63 61 6e 20 |gery for| CD can |
|0002e530| 61 6e 79 74 68 69 6e 67 | 20 62 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 |anything| be done|
|0002e540| 20 74 6f 20 70 72 65 76 | 65 6e 74 20 69 74 20 72 | to prev|ent it r|
|0002e550| 65 63 75 72 72 69 6e 67 | 0a 61 67 61 69 6e 3f 0a |ecurring|.again?.|
|0002e560| 0a 34 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 | 57 68 61 74 20 72 6f 6c |.4.1 Q: |What rol|
|0002e570| 65 20 64 6f 65 73 20 64 | 69 65 74 20 70 6c 61 79 |e does d|iet play|
|0002e580| 20 69 6e 20 49 42 44 3f | 0a 34 2e 31 2e 31 20 51 | in IBD?|.4.1.1 Q|
|0002e590| 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 | 73 20 61 6e 20 65 6c 65 |: What i|s an ele|
|0002e5a0| 6d 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 6f | 72 20 61 73 74 72 6f 6e |mental o|r astron|
|0002e5b0| 61 75 74 20 64 69 65 74 | 3f 0a 34 2e 31 2e 32 20 |aut diet|?.4.1.2 |
|0002e5c0| 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 | 69 73 20 74 6f 74 61 6c |Q: What |is total|
|0002e5d0| 20 70 61 72 65 6e 74 65 | 72 61 6c 20 6e 75 74 72 | parente|ral nutr|
|0002e5e0| 69 74 69 6f 6e 3f 0a 34 | 2e 31 2e 33 20 51 3a 20 |ition?.4|.1.3 Q: |
|0002e5f0| 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 | 6c 61 63 74 6f 73 65 20 |What is |lactose |
|0002e600| 69 6e 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 | 6e 63 65 3f 0a 34 2e 32 |intolera|nce?.4.2|
|0002e610| 2e 33 2e 31 51 3a 20 53 | 6f 20 77 68 61 74 20 63 |.3.1Q: S|o what c|
|0002e620| 61 6e 20 49 20 64 6f 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 6c 61 |an I do |about la|
|0002e630| 63 74 6f 73 65 20 69 6e | 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 6e 63 |ctose in|toleranc|
|0002e640| 65 3f 0a 34 2e 31 2e 33 | 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 53 6f |e?.4.1.3|.1 Q: So|
|0002e650| 20 77 68 61 74 20 63 61 | 6e 20 49 20 64 6f 20 61 | what ca|n I do a|
|0002e660| 62 6f 75 74 20 6c 61 63 | 74 6f 73 65 20 69 6e 74 |bout lac|tose int|
|0002e670| 6f 6c 65 72 61 6e 63 65 | 3f 0a 0a 35 2e 31 20 51 |olerance|?..5.1 Q|
|0002e680| 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 70 | 61 72 74 20 64 6f 65 73 |: What p|art does|
|0002e690| 20 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 | 70 6c 61 79 20 69 6e 20 | stress |play in |
|0002e6a0| 49 42 44 3f 0a 35 2e 32 | 20 51 3a 20 43 61 6e 20 |IBD?.5.2| Q: Can |
|0002e6b0| 61 6e 79 74 68 69 6e 67 | 20 65 6c 73 65 20 63 61 |anything| else ca|
|0002e6c0| 75 73 65 20 61 20 66 6c | 61 72 65 20 75 70 3f 0a |use a fl|are up?.|
|0002e6d0| 0a 36 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 | 48 6f 77 20 63 61 6e 20 |.6.1 Q: |How can |
|0002e6e0| 49 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 |I make t|he most |
|0002e6f0| 6f 66 20 6d 79 20 63 6f | 6e 73 75 6c 74 61 74 69 |of my co|nsultati|
|0002e700| 6f 6e 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 6d 79 20 70 68 79 73 |ons with| my phys|
|0002e710| 69 63 69 61 6e 3f 0a 0a | 0a 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |ician?..|.=======|
|0002e720| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========|
|0002e730| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========|
|0002e740| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========|
|0002e750| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========|
|0002e760| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 0a 31 | 2e 30 20 44 69 67 65 73 |======.1|.0 Diges|
|0002e770| 74 69 76 65 20 53 79 73 | 74 65 6d 20 50 72 69 6d |tive Sys|tem Prim|
|0002e780| 65 72 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 | 44 69 67 65 73 74 69 76 |er..The |Digestiv|
|0002e790| 65 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d | 20 69 73 20 61 20 63 6f |e System| is a co|
|0002e7a0| 6d 70 6c 65 78 20 73 79 | 73 74 65 6d 20 6f 66 20 |mplex sy|stem of |
|0002e7b0| 6f 72 67 61 6e 73 20 72 | 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 69 62 |organs r|esponsib|
|0002e7c0| 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 63 | 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 69 6e |le for c|onvertin|
|0002e7d0| 67 0a 74 68 65 20 66 6f | 6f 64 20 77 65 20 65 61 |g.the fo|od we ea|
|0002e7e0| 74 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 75 74 72 69 |t into t|he nutri|
|0002e7f0| 65 6e 74 73 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 77 65 20 72 65 |ents whi|ch we re|
|0002e800| 71 75 69 72 65 20 74 6f | 20 66 75 65 6c 20 6f 75 |quire to| fuel ou|
|0002e810| 72 20 6d 65 74 61 62 6f | 6c 69 73 6d 2e 0a 48 65 |r metabo|lism..He|
|0002e820| 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 | 67 75 69 64 65 20 74 6f |re is a |guide to|
|0002e830| 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 | 6d 69 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 79 | the ter|minology|
|0002e840| 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 | used to| describ|
|0002e850| 65 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 | 72 69 6f 75 73 20 63 6f |e the va|rious co|
|0002e860| 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 73 | 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |mponents|.of the |
|0002e870| 44 69 67 65 73 74 69 76 | 65 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d |Digestiv|e System|
|0002e880| 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 44 | 69 67 65 73 74 69 76 65 |...The D|igestive|
|0002e890| 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | 69 6e 20 65 73 73 65 6e | System |in essen|
|0002e8a0| 63 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 | 73 74 73 20 6f 66 20 61 |ce consi|sts of a|
|0002e8b0| 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 74 75 | 62 65 20 77 68 69 63 68 | long tu|be which|
|0002e8c0| 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 | 73 20 74 68 65 0a 6d 6f | connect|s the.mo|
|0002e8d0| 75 74 68 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 6e 75 73 2e |uth to t|he anus.|
|0002e8e0| 20 54 68 65 20 74 65 72 | 6d 20 47 61 73 74 72 6f | The ter|m Gastro|
|0002e8f0| 69 6e 74 65 73 74 69 6e | 61 6c 20 28 47 49 29 20 |intestin|al (GI) |
|0002e900| 74 72 61 63 74 20 72 65 | 66 65 72 73 20 74 6f 20 |tract re|fers to |
|0002e910| 74 68 65 0a 65 6e 74 69 | 72 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 |the.enti|re syste|
|0002e920| 6d 2e 20 4f 6e 63 65 20 | 66 6f 6f 64 20 6c 65 61 |m. Once |food lea|
|0002e930| 76 65 73 20 79 6f 75 72 | 20 6d 6f 75 74 68 20 69 |ves your| mouth i|
|0002e940| 74 20 65 6e 74 65 72 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 |t enters| the fir|
|0002e950| 73 74 20 70 61 72 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0a 47 |st part |of the.G|
|0002e960| 49 20 74 72 61 63 74 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 |I tract |which is|
|0002e970| 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 73 6f 70 | called |the esop|
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|0002e990| 68 65 20 73 74 6f 6d 61 | 63 68 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |he stoma|ch. The |
|0002e9a0| 66 6f 6f 64 0a 70 61 73 | 73 65 73 20 72 65 6c 61 |food.pas|ses rela|
|0002e9b0| 74 69 76 65 6c 79 20 71 | 75 69 63 6b 6c 79 20 69 |tively q|uickly i|
|0002e9c0| 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 74 6f 6d 61 63 68 20 |nto the |stomach |
|0002e9d0| 77 68 65 72 65 20 69 74 | 20 70 61 75 73 65 73 20 |where it| pauses |
|0002e9e0| 61 6e 64 20 69 73 20 63 | 68 75 72 6e 65 64 0a 75 |and is c|hurned.u|
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|0002ea00| 20 76 65 72 79 20 73 6d | 61 6c 6c 20 70 61 72 74 | very sm|all part|
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|0002ea30| 6d 61 6c 6c 0a 69 6e 74 | 65 73 74 69 6e 65 20 77 |mall.int|estine w|
|0002ea40| 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 32 30 |hich is |about 20|
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|0002ea60| 6d 61 69 6e 20 66 75 6e | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |main fun|ction of|
|0002ea70| 20 74 68 65 20 73 6d 61 | 6c 6c 0a 69 6e 74 65 73 | the sma|ll.intes|
|0002ea80| 74 69 6e 65 20 69 73 20 | 74 6f 20 61 62 73 6f 72 |tine is |to absor|
|0002ea90| 62 20 6e 75 74 72 69 65 | 6e 74 73 20 66 72 6f 6d |b nutrie|nts from|
|0002eaa0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6f | 64 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 | the foo|d partic|
|0002eab0| 6c 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 61 72 72 69 76 65 20 |les that| arrive |
|0002eac0| 66 72 6f 6d 0a 74 68 65 | 20 73 74 6f 6d 61 63 68 |from.the| stomach|
|0002ead0| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 66 6f | 6f 64 20 69 73 20 64 69 |. The fo|od is di|
|0002eae0| 67 65 73 74 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |gested w|ith the |
|0002eaf0| 61 73 73 69 73 74 61 6e | 63 65 20 6f 66 20 73 65 |assistan|ce of se|
|0002eb00| 63 72 65 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 0a 74 68 |cretions| from.th|
|0002eb10| 65 20 6c 69 76 65 72 2c | 20 67 61 6c 6c 20 62 6c |e liver,| gall bl|
|0002eb20| 61 64 64 65 72 20 61 6e | 64 20 70 61 6e 63 72 65 |adder an|d pancre|
|0002eb30| 61 73 2e 20 0a 0a 54 68 | 65 20 74 65 72 6d 20 62 |as. ..Th|e term b|
|0002eb40| 6f 77 65 6c 20 69 73 20 | 73 79 6e 6f 6d 79 6d 6f |owel is |synomymo|
|0002eb50| 75 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 69 6e 74 65 73 74 69 6e |us with |intestin|
|0002eb60| 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 | 6d 61 6c 6c 20 69 6e 74 |e. The s|mall int|
|0002eb70| 65 73 74 69 6e 65 20 69 | 73 0a 74 68 65 72 65 66 |estine i|s.theref|
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|0002f630| 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 | 61 6e 0a 55 43 2e 20 53 |ather th|an.UC. S|
|0002f640| 75 63 68 20 64 65 76 69 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6d |uch devi|ations m|
|0002f650| 61 79 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 | 64 65 20 65 69 74 68 65 |ay inclu|de eithe|
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|0002f6b0| 20 74 69 73 73 75 65 20 | 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 69 | tissue |separati|
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|0002f710| 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 69 6f | 6e 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |lammatio|n.of the|
|0002f720| 20 72 65 63 74 75 6d 20 | 69 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 | rectum |is calle|
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|0002f740| 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |lammatio|n of the|
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|0002f770| 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 72 | 65 63 74 75 6d 29 20 69 |ve the r|ectum) i|
|0002f780| 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 | 20 73 69 67 6d 6f 69 64 |s called| sigmoid|
|0002f790| 69 74 69 73 2e 20 49 6e | 66 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 69 |itis. In|flammati|
|0002f7a0| 6f 6e 0a 69 6e 76 6f 6c | 76 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |on.invol|ving the|
|0002f7b0| 20 65 6e 74 69 72 65 20 | 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 20 69 73 | entire |colon is|
|0002f7c0| 20 74 65 72 6d 65 64 20 | 70 61 6e 2d 63 6f 6c 69 | termed |pan-coli|
|0002f7d0| 74 69 73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 | 65 20 69 6e 66 6c 61 6d |tis...Th|e inflam|
|0002f7e0| 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 | 61 75 73 65 73 20 74 68 |mation c|auses th|
|0002f7f0| 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 65 6d 70 74 79 |e colon |to empty|
|0002f800| 20 66 72 65 71 75 65 6e | 74 6c 79 20 72 65 73 75 | frequen|tly resu|
|0002f810| 6c 74 69 6e 67 20 69 6e | 0a 64 69 61 72 72 68 65 |lting in|.diarrhe|
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|0002f860| 0a 6d 75 63 75 73 2c 20 | 70 75 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |.mucus, |pus and |
|0002f870| 62 6c 6f 6f 64 2e 0a 0a | 55 43 20 69 73 20 72 65 |blood...|UC is re|
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|0002f890| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 65 73 74 65 72 6e 20 77 |in the w|estern w|
|0002f8a0| 6f 72 6c 64 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 74 20 6c 65 61 73 |orld and| at leas|
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|0002f900| 20 69 6e 20 70 65 6f 70 | 6c 65 0a 61 67 65 73 20 | in peop|le.ages |
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|00030190| 6c 20 53 79 6e 64 72 6f | 6d 65 2e 20 49 72 72 69 |l Syndro|me. Irri|
|000301a0| 74 61 62 6c 65 20 42 6f | 77 65 6c 0a 53 79 6e 64 |table Bo|wel.Synd|
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|000301e0| 64 72 6f 6d 65 20 28 46 | 42 53 29 2c 0a 46 75 6e |drome (F|BS),.Fun|
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|000303b0| 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 73 79 6d 70 |people w|ith symp|
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|00030460| 0a 54 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 | 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e |.The mos|t common|
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|000304e0| 63 61 73 65 73 20 75 70 | 20 74 6f 20 32 30 20 6f |cases up| to 20 o|
|000304f0| 72 0a 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 | 69 6d 65 73 20 61 20 64 |r.more t|imes a d|
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|00030510| 72 61 6d 70 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 |ramps ar|e often |
|00030520| 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 76 |present,| the sev|
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|00034980| 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 20 69 | 6e 20 6d 65 6e 2c 20 62 | count i|n men, b|
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|00034a90| 75 6c 66 61 20 64 72 75 | 67 73 2e 0a 0a 41 7a 75 |ulfa dru|gs...Azu|
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|00034b30| 20 73 75 66 66 65 72 65 | 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 49 | suffere|d from I|
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|00034b70| 68 69 6c 65 0a 74 61 6b | 69 6e 67 20 69 74 2e 20 |hile.tak|ing it. |
|00034b80| 54 68 69 73 20 6c 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 69 74 73 20 |This led| to its |
|00034b90| 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 | 75 73 65 20 61 73 20 74 |current |use as t|
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|00034bb0| 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | 74 2e 0a 0a 46 6f 72 20 |treatmen|t...For |
|00034bc0| 61 63 74 69 76 65 20 64 | 69 73 65 61 73 65 20 69 |active d|isease i|
|00034bd0| 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 6c 79 | 2c 20 31 20 67 72 61 6d |nitially|, 1 gram|
|00034be0| 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 36 | 2d 38 20 68 6f 75 72 73 | every 6|-8 hours|
|00034bf0| 20 69 73 20 74 61 6b 65 | 6e 20 62 79 20 6d 6f 75 | is take|n by mou|
|00034c00| 74 68 2e 20 0a 41 64 76 | 65 72 73 65 20 65 66 66 |th. .Adv|erse eff|
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|00034c30| 20 74 68 65 20 64 6f 73 | 61 67 65 20 74 6f 20 35 | the dos|age to 5|
|00034c40| 30 30 20 6d 67 20 65 76 | 65 72 79 0a 36 2d 31 32 |00 mg ev|ery.6-12|
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|00034c60| 6e 63 65 20 64 6f 73 65 | 20 69 73 20 75 73 75 61 |nce dose| is usua|
|00034c70| 6c 6c 79 20 35 30 30 20 | 6d 67 20 65 76 65 72 79 |lly 500 |mg every|
|00034c80| 20 36 20 68 6f 75 72 73 | 2c 20 61 64 6a 75 73 74 | 6 hours|, adjust|
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|00034ca0| 73 70 6f 6e 73 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 6f 6c 65 72 |sponse a|nd toler|
|00034cb0| 61 6e 63 65 2e 20 54 6f | 74 61 6c 20 64 6f 73 65 |ance. To|tal dose|
|00034cc0| 73 20 6f 66 20 6d 6f 72 | 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 34 |s of mor|e than 4|
|00034cd0| 20 67 2f 64 61 79 20 6d | 61 79 0a 69 6e 63 72 65 | g/day m|ay.incre|
|00034ce0| 61 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 72 69 73 6b 20 6f 66 20 |ase the |risk of |
|00034cf0| 61 64 76 65 72 73 65 20 | 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 |adverse |effects |
|00034d00| 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 78 69 | 63 69 74 79 20 62 75 74 |and toxi|city but|
|00034d10| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 70 61 | 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 6d | some pa|tients m|
|00034d20| 61 79 0a 62 65 6e 65 66 | 69 74 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |ay.benef|it from |
|00034d30| 74 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 75 | 70 20 74 6f 20 36 20 67 |taking u|p to 6 g|
|00034d40| 2f 64 61 79 2e 20 41 7a | 75 6c 66 61 64 69 6e 65 |/day. Az|ulfadine|
|00034d50| 20 69 73 20 67 65 6e 65 | 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 74 61 | is gene|rally ta|
|00034d60| 6b 65 6e 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 61 0a 66 75 6c 6c 20 |ken with| a.full |
|00034d70| 67 6c 61 73 73 20 6f 66 | 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 61 |glass of| water a|
|00034d80| 66 74 65 72 20 6d 65 61 | 6c 73 20 6f 72 20 77 69 |fter mea|ls or wi|
|00034d90| 74 68 20 66 6f 6f 64 20 | 74 6f 20 6d 69 6e 69 6d |th food |to minim|
|00034da0| 69 7a 65 20 69 6e 64 69 | 67 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 2e |ize indi|gestion.|
|00034db0| 20 0a 0a 57 68 65 6e 20 | 69 6e 64 69 67 65 73 74 | ..When |indigest|
|00034dc0| 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d |ion is a| problem|
|00034dd0| 20 65 6e 74 65 72 69 63 | 2d 63 6f 61 74 65 64 20 | enteric|-coated |
|00034de0| 74 61 62 6c 65 74 73 20 | 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 75 |tablets |may be u|
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|00034e00| 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 | 20 62 65 74 74 65 72 20 |equently| better |
|00034e10| 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 74 65 | 64 2e 0a 0a 32 2e 31 2e |tolerate|d...2.1.|
|00034e20| 31 2e 32 20 51 3a 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 44 |1.2 Q: W|hat is D|
|00034e30| 69 70 65 6e 74 75 6d 3f | 0a 0a 4f 6c 73 61 6c 61 |ipentum?|..Olsala|
|00034e40| 7a 69 6e 65 20 53 6f 64 | 69 75 6d 20 28 44 69 70 |zine Sod|ium (Dip|
|00034e50| 65 6e 74 75 6d 29 0a 0a | 4f 6c 73 61 6c 61 7a 69 |entum)..|Olsalazi|
|00034e60| 6e 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 | 64 72 75 67 20 74 68 61 |ne is a |drug tha|
|00034e70| 74 20 75 73 65 73 20 61 | 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 |t uses a| differe|
|00034e80| 6e 74 20 6d 65 63 68 61 | 6e 69 73 6d 20 74 6f 20 |nt mecha|nism to |
|00034e90| 64 65 6c 69 76 65 72 20 | 35 2d 41 53 41 20 74 6f |deliver |5-ASA to|
|00034ea0| 0a 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 | 6d 69 6e 61 6c 20 69 6c |.the ter|minal il|
|00034eb0| 65 75 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 | 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 2e 20 57 |eum and |colon. W|
|00034ec0| 68 65 72 65 61 73 20 73 | 75 6c 66 61 73 61 6c 61 |hereas s|ulfasala|
|00034ed0| 7a 69 6e 65 20 6c 69 6e | 6b 73 20 61 20 35 2d 41 |zine lin|ks a 5-A|
|00034ee0| 53 41 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 | 75 6c 65 0a 77 69 74 68 |SA molec|ule.with|
|00034ef0| 20 61 20 73 75 6c 66 61 | 70 79 72 69 64 69 6e 65 | a sulfa|pyridine|
|00034f00| 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c | 65 2c 20 6f 6c 73 61 6c | molecul|e, olsal|
|00034f10| 61 7a 69 6e 65 20 6c 69 | 6e 6b 73 20 74 77 6f 20 |azine li|nks two |
|00034f20| 35 2d 41 53 41 20 6d 6f | 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 73 2e |5-ASA mo|lecules.|
|00034f30| 20 54 68 69 73 0a 63 6f | 6d 70 6f 75 6e 64 20 70 | This.co|mpound p|
|00034f40| 61 73 73 65 73 20 74 68 | 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 |asses th|rough th|
|00034f50| 65 20 73 74 6f 6d 61 63 | 68 20 61 6e 64 20 75 70 |e stomac|h and up|
|00034f60| 70 65 72 20 69 6c 65 75 | 6d 2e 20 49 74 20 69 73 |per ileu|m. It is|
|00034f70| 20 74 68 65 6e 20 62 72 | 6f 6b 65 6e 0a 64 6f 77 | then br|oken.dow|
|00034f80| 6e 20 62 79 20 69 6e 74 | 65 73 74 69 6e 61 6c 20 |n by int|estinal |
|00034f90| 62 61 63 74 65 72 69 61 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |bacteria| in the |
|00034fa0| 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 6c | 20 69 6c 65 75 6d 2c 20 |terminal| ileum, |
|00034fb0| 6d 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 35 | 2d 41 53 41 20 61 76 61 |making 5|-ASA ava|
|00034fc0| 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 0a 74 | 68 65 72 65 20 61 6e 64 |ilable.t|here and|
|00034fd0| 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6c | also in| the col|
|00034fe0| 6f 6e 2e 20 0a 0a 54 68 | 65 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 |on. ..Th|e major |
|00034ff0| 73 69 64 65 20 65 66 66 | 65 63 74 20 69 73 20 77 |side eff|ect is w|
|00035000| 61 74 65 72 79 20 64 69 | 61 72 72 68 65 61 2c 20 |atery di|arrhea, |
|00035010| 73 65 65 6e 20 69 6e 20 | 6d 61 6e 79 20 70 61 74 |seen in |many pat|
|00035020| 69 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 50 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 0a |ients. P|atients.|
|00035030| 77 69 74 68 20 55 43 20 | 6f 72 20 43 44 20 61 66 |with UC |or CD af|
|00035040| 66 65 63 74 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 6e 74 69 |fecting |the enti|
|00035050| 72 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e | 20 73 65 65 6d 20 65 73 |re colon| seem es|
|00035060| 70 65 63 69 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 73 75 73 63 65 70 74 |pecially| suscept|
|00035070| 69 62 6c 65 2e 0a 49 6e | 63 72 65 61 73 65 64 20 |ible..In|creased |
|00035080| 63 72 61 6d 70 69 6e 67 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 75 64 |cramping| and aud|
|00035090| 69 62 6c 65 20 62 6f 77 | 65 6c 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 |ible bow|el sound|
|000350a0| 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 6c | 73 6f 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f |s are al|so commo|
|000350b0| 6e 6c 79 20 72 65 70 6f | 72 74 65 64 2e 0a 0a 54 |nly repo|rted...T|
|000350c0| 68 65 20 75 73 75 61 6c | 20 64 6f 73 65 20 6f 66 |he usual| dose of|
|000350d0| 20 6f 6c 73 61 6c 61 7a | 69 6e 65 20 69 73 20 35 | olsalaz|ine is 5|
|000350e0| 30 30 20 6d 67 20 62 79 | 20 6d 6f 75 74 68 20 74 |00 mg by| mouth t|
|000350f0| 77 69 63 65 20 61 20 64 | 61 79 2e 0a 0a 32 2e 31 |wice a d|ay...2.1|
|00035100| 2e 31 2e 33 20 51 3a 20 | 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 |.1.3 Q: |What is |
|00035110| 41 73 61 63 6f 6c 3f 0a | 0a 4d 65 73 61 6c 61 6d |Asacol?.|.Mesalam|
|00035120| 69 6e 65 2c 20 55 53 41 | 3b 20 4d 65 73 61 6c 61 |ine, USA|; Mesala|
|00035130| 7a 69 6e 65 2c 20 45 75 | 72 6f 70 65 20 3a 0a 0a |zine, Eu|rope :..|
|00035140| 41 73 61 63 6f 6c 20 69 | 73 20 65 73 73 65 6e 74 |Asacol i|s essent|
|00035150| 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 22 41 | 7a 75 6c 66 69 64 69 6e |ially "A|zulfidin|
|00035160| 65 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 |e withou|t the su|
|00035170| 6c 66 61 22 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 41 73 61 63 6f |lfa".  T|he Asaco|
|00035180| 6c 0a 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |l.formul|ation of|
|00035190| 20 35 2d 41 53 41 20 70 | 6c 61 63 65 73 20 35 2d | 5-ASA p|laces 5-|
|000351a0| 41 53 41 20 69 6e 20 61 | 6e 20 61 63 72 79 6c 69 |ASA in a|n acryli|
|000351b0| 63 20 72 65 73 69 6e 20 | 63 6f 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |c resin |coating |
|000351c0| 77 68 69 63 68 0a 64 69 | 73 73 6f 6c 76 65 73 20 |which.di|ssolves |
|000351d0| 61 74 20 70 48 20 67 72 | 65 61 74 65 72 20 74 68 |at pH gr|eater th|
|000351e0| 61 6e 20 37 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 74 61 62 6c 65 74 |an 7. Th|e tablet|
|000351f0| 73 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 | 65 6e 20 61 62 6c 65 20 |s are th|en able |
|00035200| 74 6f 20 70 61 73 73 20 | 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 0a |to pass |through.|
|00035210| 74 68 65 20 73 74 6f 6d | 61 63 68 20 61 6e 64 20 |the stom|ach and |
|00035220| 75 70 70 65 72 20 69 6c | 65 75 6d 20 62 65 66 6f |upper il|eum befo|
|00035230| 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6f 61 74 69 6e 67 20 69 |re the c|oating i|
|00035240| 73 20 64 69 73 73 6f 6c | 76 65 64 2c 20 72 65 6c |s dissol|ved, rel|
|00035250| 65 61 73 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 0a 64 72 75 67 20 |easing t|he.drug |
|00035260| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 | 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 6c 20 |in the t|erminal |
|00035270| 69 6c 65 75 6d 20 61 6e | 64 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 20 |ileum an|d colon |
|00035280| 77 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 48 20 69 73 20 |where th|e pH is |
|00035290| 74 79 70 69 63 61 6c 6c | 79 20 67 72 65 61 74 65 |typicall|y greate|
|000352a0| 72 0a 74 68 61 6e 20 37 | 2e 20 0a 0a 41 73 61 63 |r.than 7|. ..Asac|
|000352b0| 6f 6c 20 69 73 20 67 65 | 6e 65 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 |ol is ge|nerally |
|000352c0| 77 65 6c 6c 20 74 6f 6c | 65 72 61 74 65 64 2e 20 |well tol|erated. |
|000352d0| 54 68 65 20 72 65 63 6f | 6d 6d 65 6e 64 65 64 20 |The reco|mmended |
|000352e0| 64 6f 73 65 20 69 73 20 | 32 2e 34 20 67 20 61 20 |dose is |2.4 g a |
|000352f0| 64 61 79 0a 74 68 6f 75 | 67 68 20 70 61 74 69 65 |day.thou|gh patie|
|00035300| 6e 74 73 20 66 72 65 71 | 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 73 |nts freq|uently s|
|00035310| 65 65 6d 20 74 6f 20 74 | 6f 6c 65 72 61 74 65 20 |eem to t|olerate |
|00035320| 61 6e 64 20 62 65 6e 65 | 66 69 74 20 66 72 6f 6d |and bene|fit from|
|00035330| 20 74 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 | 75 70 20 74 6f 0a 34 2e | taking |up to.4.|
|00035340| 38 20 67 20 64 61 69 6c | 79 2e 0a 0a 32 2e 31 2e |8 g dail|y...2.1.|
|00035350| 31 2e 34 20 51 3a 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 53 |1.4 Q: W|hat is S|
|00035360| 61 6c 6f 66 61 6c 6b 3f | 0a 0a 4d 65 73 61 6c 61 |alofalk?|..Mesala|
|00035370| 7a 69 6e 65 2c 20 45 75 | 72 6f 70 65 20 28 53 61 |zine, Eu|rope (Sa|
|00035380| 6c 6f 66 61 6c 6b 29 0a | 0a 53 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 |lofalk).|.Similar|
|00035390| 20 74 6f 20 41 73 61 63 | 6f 6c 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | to Asac|ol, but |
|000353a0| 64 69 73 73 6f 6c 76 65 | 73 20 61 74 20 70 48 20 |dissolve|s at pH |
|000353b0| 67 72 65 61 74 65 72 20 | 74 68 61 6e 20 36 2e 0a |greater |than 6..|
|000353c0| 0a 32 2e 31 2e 31 2e 35 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |.2.1.1.5| Q: What|
|000353d0| 20 69 73 20 50 65 6e 74 | 61 73 61 3f 0a 0a 4d 65 | is Pent|asa?..Me|
|000353e0| 73 61 6c 61 6d 69 6e 65 | 2c 20 55 53 41 3b 20 4d |salamine|, USA; M|
|000353f0| 65 73 61 6c 61 7a 69 6e | 65 2c 20 45 75 72 6f 70 |esalazin|e, Europ|
|00035400| 65 20 28 50 65 6e 74 61 | 73 61 29 20 3a 0a 0a 59 |e (Penta|sa) :..Y|
|00035410| 65 74 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 | 65 72 20 22 41 7a 75 6c |et anoth|er "Azul|
|00035420| 66 69 64 69 6e 65 20 77 | 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 74 |fidine w|ithout t|
|00035430| 68 65 20 73 75 6c 66 61 | 22 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c |he sulfa|" formul|
|00035440| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 64 72 75 67 |ation, t|his drug|
|00035450| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 73 0a 35 2d 41 53 41 20 | package|s.5-ASA |
|00035460| 69 6e 20 61 20 74 69 6d | 65 2d 72 65 6c 65 61 73 |in a tim|e-releas|
|00035470| 65 20 63 61 70 73 75 6c | 65 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 |e capsul|e.  This|
|00035480| 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 20 | 6f 66 20 64 65 6c 69 76 | method |of deliv|
|00035490| 65 72 79 20 69 73 20 74 | 68 6f 75 67 68 74 20 74 |ery is t|hought t|
|000354a0| 6f 0a 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 72 75 67 20 |o.make t|he drug |
|000354b0| 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c | 65 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 |availabl|e throug|
|000354c0| 68 6f 75 74 20 6d 6f 73 | 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |hout mos|t of the|
|000354d0| 20 69 6e 74 65 73 74 69 | 6e 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | intesti|nes and |
|000354e0| 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 0a | 62 65 74 74 65 72 20 72 |provide.|better r|
|000354f0| 65 6c 65 61 73 65 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 6d |elease i|n the sm|
|00035500| 61 6c 6c 20 69 6e 74 65 | 73 74 69 6e 65 20 74 68 |all inte|stine th|
|00035510| 61 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 35 2d 41 |an the o|ther 5-A|
|00035520| 53 41 20 64 72 75 67 73 | 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 74 68 |SA drugs|. For th|
|00035530| 69 73 0a 72 65 61 73 6f | 6e 20 50 65 6e 74 61 73 |is.reaso|n Pentas|
|00035540| 61 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 35 2d 41 53 41 20 70 |a is the| 5-ASA p|
|00035550| 72 65 70 61 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 63 68 |reparati|on of ch|
|00035560| 6f 69 63 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 73 |oice for| Crohn's|
|00035570| 20 64 69 73 65 61 73 65 | 0a 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 69 | disease|.involvi|
|00035580| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 6d 61 6c 6c 20 69 6e 74 |ng the s|mall int|
|00035590| 65 73 74 69 6e 65 2e 0a | 0a 50 65 6e 74 61 73 61 |estine..|.Pentasa|
|000355a0| 20 69 73 20 67 65 6e 65 | 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 77 65 | is gene|rally we|
|000355b0| 6c 6c 20 74 6f 6c 65 72 | 61 74 65 64 2e 20 54 68 |ll toler|ated. Th|
|000355c0| 65 20 72 65 63 6f 6d 6d | 65 6e 64 65 64 20 64 6f |e recomm|ended do|
|000355d0| 73 65 20 69 73 20 32 67 | 20 61 20 64 61 79 0a 74 |se is 2g| a day.t|
|000355e0| 68 6f 75 67 68 20 70 61 | 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 66 |hough pa|tients f|
|000355f0| 72 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c | 79 20 73 65 65 6d 20 74 |requentl|y seem t|
|00035600| 6f 20 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 | 74 65 20 61 6e 64 20 62 |o tolera|te and b|
|00035610| 65 6e 65 66 69 74 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 74 61 6b 69 |enefit f|rom taki|
|00035620| 6e 67 20 75 70 20 74 6f | 0a 34 67 20 64 61 69 6c |ng up to|.4g dail|
|00035630| 79 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 | 20 69 73 20 64 61 74 61 |y. There| is data|
|00035640| 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 68 69 67 68 65 72 | that th|e higher|
|00035650| 20 64 6f 73 65 20 6d 61 | 79 20 62 65 20 6d 6f 72 | dose ma|y be mor|
|00035660| 65 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 | 69 76 65 2e 0a 0a 32 2e |e effect|ive...2.|
|00035670| 31 2e 31 2e 36 20 51 3a | 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |1.1.6 Q:| What is|
|00035680| 20 42 61 6c 73 61 6c 61 | 7a 69 64 65 3f 0a 0a 42 | Balsala|zide?..B|
|00035690| 61 6c 73 61 6c 61 7a 69 | 64 65 3a 0a 0a 41 6e 6f |alsalazi|de:..Ano|
|000356a0| 74 68 65 72 20 35 2d 41 | 53 41 20 64 72 75 67 20 |ther 5-A|SA drug |
|000356b0| 74 68 61 74 20 75 73 65 | 73 20 61 20 76 61 72 69 |that use|s a vari|
|000356c0| 61 6e 74 20 6f 6e 20 73 | 75 6c 66 61 73 61 6c 61 |ant on s|ulfasala|
|000356d0| 7a 69 6e 65 27 73 20 64 | 65 6c 69 76 65 72 79 0a |zine's d|elivery.|
|000356e0| 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 | 6d 2c 20 42 61 6c 73 61 |mechanis|m, Balsa|
|000356f0| 6c 61 7a 69 64 65 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 |lazide c|ontains |
|00035700| 35 2d 41 53 41 20 6a 6f | 69 6e 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |5-ASA jo|ined to |
|00035710| 61 6e 20 69 6e 65 72 74 | 20 76 65 68 69 63 6c 65 |an inert| vehicle|
|00035720| 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 0a | 63 6f 6d 62 69 6e 61 74 |.  This.|combinat|
|00035730| 69 6f 6e 20 70 61 73 73 | 65 73 20 74 68 72 6f 75 |ion pass|es throu|
|00035740| 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 74 6f 6d 61 63 68 20 61 |gh the s|tomach a|
|00035750| 6e 64 20 75 70 70 65 72 | 20 69 6c 65 75 6d 2e 20 |nd upper| ileum. |
|00035760| 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 74 | 68 65 6e 20 62 72 6f 6b | It is t|hen brok|
|00035770| 65 6e 0a 64 6f 77 6e 20 | 62 79 20 69 6e 74 65 73 |en.down |by intes|
|00035780| 74 69 6e 61 6c 20 62 61 | 63 74 65 72 69 61 20 69 |tinal ba|cteria i|
|00035790| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 | 72 6d 69 6e 61 6c 20 69 |n the te|rminal i|
|000357a0| 6c 65 75 6d 2c 20 6d 61 | 6b 69 6e 67 20 35 2d 41 |leum, ma|king 5-A|
|000357b0| 53 41 20 61 76 61 69 6c | 61 62 6c 65 0a 69 6e 20 |SA avail|able.in |
|000357c0| 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d | 69 6e 61 6c 20 69 6c 65 |the term|inal ile|
|000357d0| 75 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 63 | 6f 6c 6f 6e 2e 0a 0a 32 |um and c|olon...2|
|000357e0| 2e 31 2e 31 2e 37 20 51 | 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 |.1.1.7 Q|: What i|
|000357f0| 73 20 52 6f 77 61 73 61 | 3f 0a 0a 4d 65 73 61 6c |s Rowasa|?..Mesal|
|00035800| 61 6d 69 6e 65 20 28 52 | 6f 77 61 73 61 29 20 3a |amine (R|owasa) :|
|00035810| 0a 0a 52 6f 77 61 73 61 | 20 69 73 20 35 2d 41 53 |..Rowasa| is 5-AS|
|00035820| 41 20 69 6e 20 65 6e 65 | 6d 61 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 |A in ene|ma form |
|00035830| 61 6e 64 20 69 73 20 65 | 66 66 65 63 74 69 76 65 |and is e|ffective|
|00035840| 20 69 6e 20 74 72 65 61 | 74 69 6e 67 20 64 69 73 | in trea|ting dis|
|00035850| 74 61 6c 20 55 43 2c 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 0a 69 73 |tal UC, |which.is|
|00035860| 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 | 55 43 20 61 66 66 65 63 | simply |UC affec|
|00035870| 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 6c 6f 77 65 72 20 70 |ting the| lower p|
|00035880| 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e |art of t|he colon|
|00035890| 2c 20 6e 65 61 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 72 65 63 74 75 |, near t|he rectu|
|000358a0| 6d 2c 20 61 6e 64 0a 74 | 68 65 20 72 65 63 74 75 |m, and.t|he rectu|
|000358b0| 6d 20 69 74 73 65 6c 66 | 2e 20 4f 6e 65 20 65 6e |m itself|. One en|
|000358c0| 65 6d 61 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 61 69 6e 73 20 34 20 67 |ema cont|ains 4 g|
|000358d0| 20 6f 66 20 35 2d 41 53 | 41 2e 0a 0a 52 6f 77 61 | of 5-AS|A...Rowa|
|000358e0| 73 61 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 | 63 6f 6d 65 73 20 69 6e |sa also |comes in|
|000358f0| 20 73 75 70 70 6f 73 69 | 74 6f 72 79 20 66 6f 72 | supposi|tory for|
|00035900| 6d 20 66 6f 72 20 74 72 | 65 61 74 69 6e 67 20 70 |m for tr|eating p|
|00035910| 72 6f 63 74 69 74 69 73 | 20 28 72 65 63 74 61 6c |roctitis| (rectal|
|00035920| 0a 69 6e 66 6c 61 6d 6d | 61 74 69 6f 6e 29 2e 20 |.inflamm|ation). |
|00035930| 45 61 63 68 20 73 75 70 | 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 |Each sup|pository|
|00035940| 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e | 73 20 35 30 30 20 6d 67 | contain|s 500 mg|
|00035950| 20 6f 66 20 35 2d 41 53 | 41 2e 0a 0a 32 2e 31 2e | of 5-AS|A...2.1.|
|00035960| 32 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 69 73 20 4d 65 74 |2 Q: Wha|t is Met|
|00035970| 72 6f 6e 69 64 61 7a 6f | 6c 65 3f 0a 0a 4d 65 74 |ronidazo|le?..Met|
|00035980| 72 6f 6e 69 64 61 7a 6f | 6c 65 20 28 46 6c 61 67 |ronidazo|le (Flag|
|00035990| 79 6c 29 20 3a 0a 0a 4d | 65 74 72 6f 6e 69 64 61 |yl) :..M|etronida|
|000359a0| 7a 6f 6c 65 20 69 73 20 | 61 6e 20 61 6e 74 69 62 |zole is |an antib|
|000359b0| 69 6f 74 69 63 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 69 73 20 6d 6f |iotic th|at is mo|
|000359c0| 73 74 20 66 72 65 71 75 | 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 75 73 |st frequ|ently us|
|000359d0| 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 74 | 72 65 61 74 69 6e 67 0a |ed for t|reating.|
|000359e0| 76 61 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 | 69 6e 66 65 63 74 69 6f |vaginal |infectio|
|000359f0| 6e 73 2e 20 48 6f 77 65 | 76 65 72 2c 20 74 68 65 |ns. Howe|ver, the|
|00035a00| 72 65 20 69 73 20 73 6f | 6d 65 20 65 76 69 64 65 |re is so|me evide|
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|00035a20| 61 6e 65 63 64 6f 74 61 | 6c 0a 72 61 74 68 65 72 |anecdota|l.rather|
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|00037200| 20 64 61 79 2e 20 44 75 | 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | day. Du|e to the|
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|000372b0| 75 64 65 73 6f 6e 69 64 | 65 20 69 73 20 63 75 72 |udesonid|e is cur|
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|000372d0| 74 65 73 74 69 6e 67 22 | 2e 20 20 49 74 20 69 73 |testing"|.  It is|
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|00037300| 74 68 65 20 6c 69 76 65 | 72 20 73 6f 20 74 68 61 |the live|r so tha|
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|00037420| 0a 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 | 20 6c 65 73 73 20 65 66 |.also be| less ef|
|00037430| 66 65 63 74 69 76 65 2e | 0a 0a 32 2e 31 2e 35 2e |fective.|..2.1.5.|
|00037440| 34 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 69 73 20 41 43 54 |4 Q: Wha|t is ACT|
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|00037460| 63 6f 2d 74 72 6f 70 69 | 63 20 68 6f 72 6d 6f 6e |co-tropi|c hormon|
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|00037480| 20 73 74 69 6d 75 6c 61 | 74 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 | stimula|tes the |
|00037490| 61 64 72 65 6e 61 6c 20 | 67 6c 61 6e 64 0a 74 6f |adrenal |gland.to|
|000374a0| 20 72 65 6c 65 61 73 65 | 20 63 6f 72 74 69 73 6f | release| cortiso|
|000374b0| 6e 65 2e 20 49 74 20 69 | 73 20 73 65 6c 64 6f 6d |ne. It i|s seldom|
|000374c0| 20 75 73 65 64 20 61 6e | 79 20 6d 6f 72 65 2e 0a | used an|y more..|
|000374d0| 0a 32 2e 31 2e 35 2e 35 | 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 |.2.1.5.5| Q: What|
|000374e0| 20 64 6f 20 73 74 65 72 | 6f 69 64 73 20 64 6f 20 | do ster|oids do |
|000374f0| 74 6f 20 62 6f 6e 65 73 | 3f 0a 0a 53 74 65 72 6f |to bones|?..Stero|
|00037500| 69 64 20 64 72 75 67 73 | 20 75 6e 66 6f 72 74 75 |id drugs| unfortu|
|00037510| 6e 61 74 65 6c 79 20 63 | 61 6e 20 63 61 75 73 65 |nately c|an cause|
|00037520| 20 6f 73 74 65 6f 70 6f | 72 6f 73 69 73 2e 20 4f | osteopo|rosis. O|
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|00037570| 65 73 20 63 61 75 73 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 6d 20 |es causi|ng them |
|00037580| 74 6f 20 62 65 63 6f 6d | 65 0a 77 65 61 6b 20 61 |to becom|e.weak a|
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|000375b0| 20 57 69 74 68 6f 75 74 | 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 | Without| protect|
|000375c0| 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 66 |ion with|in the f|
|000375d0| 69 72 73 74 0a 73 69 78 | 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 73 20 |irst.six| months |
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|00039630| 6f 6e 20 36 2d 4d 50 20 | 6f 72 20 61 7a 61 74 68 |on 6-MP |or azath|
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|00039670| 36 2d 4d 50 20 6f 72 20 | 61 7a 61 74 68 69 6f 70 |6-MP or |azathiop|
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|000396d0| 73 74 65 72 6f 69 64 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 72 65 64 |steroids| are red|
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|00039760| 74 68 20 73 65 76 65 72 | 65 20 55 43 2e 20 48 6f |th sever|e UC. Ho|
|00039770| 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 61 | 0a 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 |wever, a|.signifi|
|00039780| 63 61 6e 74 20 70 72 6f | 70 6f 72 74 69 6f 6e 20 |cant pro|portion |
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|000397f0| 0a 0a 32 2e 32 20 51 3a | 20 41 72 65 20 61 6e 79 |..2.2 Q:| Are any|
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|00039a20| 6f 72 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 43 44 20 70 61 74 |ortion o|f CD pat|
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|00039cc0| 64 69 63 69 6e 65 20 6c | 6f 6f 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 |dicine l|ooking a|
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|00039ce0| 74 68 65 72 61 70 65 75 | 74 69 63 20 62 65 6e 65 |therapeu|tic bene|
|00039cf0| 66 69 74 20 6f 66 20 6e | 69 63 6f 74 69 6e 65 0a |fit of n|icotine.|
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|00039dd0| 74 68 65 0a 6d 61 69 6e | 74 65 6e 61 6e 63 65 20 |the.main|tenance |
|00039de0| 6f 66 20 72 65 6d 69 73 | 73 69 6f 6e 2e 20 4d 6f |of remis|sion. Mo|
|00039df0| 73 74 20 6e 6f 6e 20 73 | 6d 6f 6b 69 6e 67 20 70 |st non s|moking p|
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|00039e10| 74 75 64 69 65 73 0a 73 | 75 66 66 65 72 65 64 20 |tudies.s|uffered |
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|00039f00| 6e 73 74 20 54 4e 46 20 | 28 54 75 6d 6f 72 20 4e |nst TNF |(Tumor N|
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|00039f20| 0a 0a 49 74 20 69 73 20 | 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e |..It is |importan|
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|00039f50| 69 6e 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f | 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 69 |in commo|n with i|
|00039f60| 6e 66 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 | 6f 72 79 0a 64 69 73 65 |nflammat|ory.dise|
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|00039fb0| 68 72 69 74 69 73 0a 61 | 6e 64 20 70 73 6f 72 69 |hritis.a|nd psori|
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|00039fd0| 2e 20 53 6f 20 74 68 65 | 72 61 70 69 65 73 20 74 |. So the|rapies t|
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|0003a010| 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 20 75 | 73 65 66 75 6c 20 66 6f |lso be u|seful fo|
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|0003a030| 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 68 | 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | There h|as been |
|0003a040| 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 | 61 62 6c 65 0a 70 75 62 |consider|able.pub|
|0003a050| 6c 69 63 69 74 79 20 72 | 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 |licity r|ecently |
|0003a060| 67 69 76 65 6e 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 77 |given to| the new|
|0003a070| 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 62 | 6f 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 | data ab|out the |
|0003a080| 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | 74 20 6f 66 20 43 44 20 |treatmen|t of CD |
|0003a090| 77 69 74 68 0a 61 6e 74 | 69 62 6f 64 69 65 73 20 |with.ant|ibodies |
|0003a0a0| 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 | 54 75 6d 6f 72 20 4e 65 |against |Tumor Ne|
|0003a0b0| 63 72 6f 73 69 73 20 46 | 61 63 74 6f 72 20 28 54 |crosis F|actor (T|
|0003a0c0| 4e 46 29 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 73 65 20 61 6e 74 69 |NF).  Th|ese anti|
|0003a0d0| 62 6f 64 69 65 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 61 6c 73 6f 0a |bodies a|re also.|
|0003a0e0| 62 65 69 6e 67 20 65 76 | 61 6c 75 61 74 65 64 20 |being ev|aluated |
|0003a0f0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 | 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 |in the t|reatment|
|0003a100| 20 6f 66 20 72 68 65 75 | 6d 61 74 6f 69 64 20 61 | of rheu|matoid a|
|0003a110| 72 74 68 72 69 74 69 73 | 2e 20 0a 0a 32 2e 32 2e |rthritis|. ..2.2.|
|0003a120| 32 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 54 |2.1 Q: W|hat is T|
|0003a130| 75 6d 6f 72 20 4e 65 63 | 72 6f 73 69 73 20 46 61 |umor Nec|rosis Fa|
|0003a140| 63 74 6f 72 20 6f 72 20 | 54 4e 46 3f 0a 0a 57 68 |ctor or |TNF?..Wh|
|0003a150| 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6d 6d 75 6e 65 20 73 79 |en the i|mmune sy|
|0003a160| 73 74 65 6d 20 69 73 20 | 61 63 74 69 76 61 74 65 |stem is |activate|
|0003a170| 64 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 | 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 69 |d result|ing in i|
|0003a180| 6e 66 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6d 61 6e 79 |nflammat|ion many|
|0003a190| 20 63 68 65 6d 69 63 61 | 6c 0a 6d 65 73 73 65 6e | chemica|l.messen|
|0003a1a0| 67 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 72 65 6c 65 61 73 65 |gers are| release|
|0003a1b0| 64 2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 | 20 63 68 65 6d 69 63 61 |d. These| chemica|
|0003a1c0| 6c 20 6d 65 73 73 65 6e | 67 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 |l messen|gers are|
|0003a1d0| 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 | produce|d by the|
|0003a1e0| 0a 63 65 6c 6c 73 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d |.cells o|f the im|
|0003a1f0| 6d 75 6e 65 20 73 79 73 | 74 65 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 |mune sys|tem and |
|0003a200| 61 72 65 20 63 61 6c 6c | 65 64 20 63 79 74 6f 6b |are call|ed cytok|
|0003a210| 69 6e 65 73 2e 20 54 68 | 65 73 65 20 63 79 74 6f |ines. Th|ese cyto|
|0003a220| 6b 69 6e 65 73 0a 69 6e | 74 65 72 61 63 74 20 77 |kines.in|teract w|
|0003a230| 69 74 68 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 63 65 6c 6c 73 20 |ith othe|r cells |
|0003a240| 65 6e 63 6f 75 72 61 67 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 6d |encourag|ing them|
|0003a250| 20 74 6f 20 62 65 63 6f | 6d 65 20 61 63 74 69 76 | to beco|me activ|
|0003a260| 61 74 65 64 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 75 73 0a 6d 61 |ated and| thus.ma|
|0003a270| 6b 65 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 66 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 |ke the i|nflammat|
|0003a280| 69 6f 6e 20 77 6f 72 73 | 65 2e 20 54 4e 46 20 69 |ion wors|e. TNF i|
|0003a290| 73 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 |s one of| the mos|
|0003a2a0| 74 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 | 61 6e 74 20 63 79 74 6f |t import|ant cyto|
|0003a2b0| 6b 69 6e 65 73 0a 69 6e | 76 6f 6c 76 65 64 20 69 |kines.in|volved i|
|0003a2c0| 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 | 72 6f 63 65 73 73 2e 20 |n this p|rocess. |
|0003a2d0| 54 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d | 20 54 75 6d 6f 72 20 4e |The term| Tumor N|
|0003a2e0| 65 63 72 6f 73 69 73 20 | 46 61 63 74 6f 72 20 72 |ecrosis |Factor r|
|0003a2f0| 65 66 65 72 73 20 74 6f | 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 0a |efers to| one of.|
|0003a300| 69 74 73 20 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 77 68 69 63 |its acti|ons whic|
|0003a310| 68 20 6c 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 69 74 73 20 64 69 73 |h led to| its dis|
|0003a320| 63 6f 76 65 72 79 2e 0a | 0a 32 2e 32 2e 32 2e 32 |covery..|.2.2.2.2|
|0003a330| 20 51 3a 20 44 6f 65 73 | 20 54 4e 46 20 73 65 72 | Q: Does| TNF ser|
|0003a340| 76 65 20 61 6e 79 20 75 | 73 65 66 75 6c 20 66 75 |ve any u|seful fu|
|0003a350| 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 3f 0a | 0a 49 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |nction?.|.In the |
|0003a360| 73 65 74 74 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 66 20 61 6e 20 69 6e |setting |of an in|
|0003a370| 66 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 54 4e 46 20 66 72 65 71 |fection |TNF freq|
|0003a380| 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 70 | 6c 61 79 73 20 61 6e 20 |uently p|lays an |
|0003a390| 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e | 74 20 72 6f 6c 65 20 69 |importan|t role i|
|0003a3a0| 6e 0a 68 65 6c 70 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d |n.helpin|g the im|
|0003a3b0| 6d 75 6e 65 20 73 79 73 | 74 65 6d 20 72 65 73 70 |mune sys|tem resp|
|0003a3c0| 6f 6e 64 20 70 72 6f 6d | 70 74 6c 79 20 61 6e 64 |ond prom|ptly and|
|0003a3d0| 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 69 | 76 65 6c 79 2e 20 48 6f | effecti|vely. Ho|
|0003a3e0| 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 69 | 74 20 69 73 0a 62 65 6c |wever, i|t is.bel|
|0003a3f0| 69 65 76 65 64 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 65 78 63 65 73 |ieved th|at exces|
|0003a400| 73 69 76 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 69 6e 61 70 70 72 6f |sive and| inappro|
|0003a410| 70 72 69 61 74 65 20 70 | 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f |priate p|roductio|
|0003a420| 6e 20 6f 66 20 54 4e 46 | 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 |n of TNF| may be |
|0003a430| 61 6e 0a 69 6d 70 6f 72 | 74 61 6e 74 20 63 6f 6e |an.impor|tant con|
|0003a440| 74 72 69 62 75 74 6f 72 | 79 20 66 61 63 74 6f 72 |tributor|y factor|
|0003a450| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d | in the |developm|
|0003a460| 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 73 | 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 64 |ent of s|everal d|
|0003a470| 69 73 65 61 73 65 73 0a | 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |iseases.|characte|
|0003a480| 72 69 7a 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 69 6e 66 6c 61 6d 6d |rized by| inflamm|
|0003a490| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 63 74 69 76 61 |ation an|d activa|
|0003a4a0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 69 6d 6d 75 |tion of |the immu|
|0003a4b0| 6e 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 |ne syste|m such a|
|0003a4c0| 73 0a 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 | 6c 65 20 73 63 6c 65 72 |s.multip|le scler|
|0003a4d0| 6f 73 69 73 2c 20 72 68 | 65 75 6d 61 74 6f 69 64 |osis, rh|eumatoid|
|0003a4e0| 20 61 72 74 68 72 69 74 | 69 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | arthrit|is and o|
|0003a4f0| 74 68 65 72 73 2e 0a 0a | 32 2e 32 2e 32 2e 33 20 |thers...|2.2.2.3 |
|0003a500| 51 3a 20 49 73 20 54 4e | 46 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 |Q: Is TN|F import|
|0003a510| 61 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 49 | 42 44 3f 20 6a 75 73 74 |ant in I|BD? just|
|0003a520| 20 43 44 3f 20 77 68 61 | 74 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 | CD? wha|t about |
|0003a530| 55 43 3f 0a 0a 56 61 72 | 69 6f 75 73 20 73 74 72 |UC?..Var|ious str|
|0003a540| 61 74 65 67 69 65 73 20 | 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 |ategies |have bee|
|0003a550| 6e 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 |n used t|o evalua|
|0003a560| 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 63 |te the i|mportanc|
|0003a570| 65 20 6f 66 20 54 4e 46 | 20 69 6e 0a 62 6f 74 68 |e of TNF| in.both|
|0003a580| 20 43 44 20 61 6e 64 20 | 75 6c 63 65 72 61 74 69 | CD and |ulcerati|
|0003a590| 76 65 20 63 6f 6c 69 74 | 69 73 20 28 55 43 29 2e |ve colit|is (UC).|
|0003a5a0| 20 54 68 6f 75 67 68 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 20 64 61 74 | Though |some dat|
|0003a5b0| 61 20 64 6f 65 73 20 73 | 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 61 |a does s|upport a|
|0003a5c0| 20 72 6f 6c 65 0a 69 74 | 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 | role.it| has bee|
|0003a5d0| 6e 20 64 69 66 66 69 63 | 75 6c 74 20 74 6f 20 63 |n diffic|ult to c|
|0003a5e0| 6f 6e 76 69 6e 63 69 6e | 67 6c 79 20 64 65 6d 6f |onvincin|gly demo|
|0003a5f0| 6e 73 74 72 61 74 65 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |nstrate |that the|
|0003a600| 72 65 20 69 73 20 65 78 | 63 65 73 73 69 76 65 0a |re is ex|cessive.|
|0003a610| 70 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 54 4e |producti|on of TN|
|0003a620| 46 20 69 6e 20 65 69 74 | 68 65 72 20 64 69 73 65 |F in eit|her dise|
|0003a630| 61 73 65 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 |ase. The| availab|
|0003a640| 6c 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 | 64 6f 65 73 20 73 65 65 |le data |does see|
|0003a650| 6d 20 74 6f 0a 73 75 67 | 67 65 73 74 20 74 68 61 |m to.sug|gest tha|
|0003a660| 74 20 54 4e 46 20 6d 61 | 79 20 62 65 20 6f 66 20 |t TNF ma|y be of |
|0003a670| 6d 6f 72 65 20 69 6d 70 | 6f 72 74 61 6e 63 65 20 |more imp|ortance |
|0003a680| 69 6e 20 43 44 20 74 68 | 61 6e 20 55 43 2e 20 54 |in CD th|an UC. T|
|0003a690| 68 65 20 66 61 63 74 20 | 74 68 61 74 0a 74 68 65 |he fact |that.the|
|0003a6a0| 20 6e 65 77 20 61 6e 74 | 69 2d 54 4e 46 20 74 72 | new ant|i-TNF tr|
|0003a6b0| 65 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 73 | 20 73 65 65 6d 20 65 66 |eatments| seem ef|
|0003a6c0| 66 65 63 74 69 76 65 20 | 69 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |fective |in some |
|0003a6d0| 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 |patients| is the |
|0003a6e0| 62 65 73 74 0a 65 76 69 | 64 65 6e 63 65 20 74 68 |best.evi|dence th|
|0003a6f0| 61 74 20 54 4e 46 20 69 | 73 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 |at TNF i|s import|
|0003a700| 61 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 69 73 65 61 |ant in t|he disea|
|0003a710| 73 65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 73 73 20 6f 66 20 43 44 |se proce|ss of CD|
|0003a720| 2e 20 0a 0a 54 68 65 72 | 65 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 |. ..Ther|e has be|
|0003a730| 65 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 73 | 6d 61 6c 6c 20 73 74 75 |en one s|mall stu|
|0003a740| 64 79 20 6f 66 20 61 6e | 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 54 4e |dy of an| anti-TN|
|0003a750| 46 20 61 6e 74 69 62 6f | 64 79 20 69 6e 20 55 43 |F antibo|dy in UC|
|0003a760| 20 61 6e 64 20 61 0a 70 | 72 65 6c 69 6d 69 6e 61 | and a.p|relimina|
|0003a770| 72 79 20 72 65 70 6f 72 | 74 20 64 69 64 20 6e 6f |ry repor|t did no|
|0003a780| 74 20 73 68 6f 77 20 69 | 6d 70 72 65 73 73 69 76 |t show i|mpressiv|
|0003a790| 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 | 73 2e 0a 0a 32 2e 32 2e |e result|s...2.2.|
|0003a7a0| 32 2e 34 20 51 3a 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 74 |2.4 Q: W|hat is t|
|0003a7b0| 68 69 73 20 6e 65 77 20 | 61 6e 74 69 2d 54 4e 46 |his new |anti-TNF|
|0003a7c0| 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 | 6e 74 3f 0a 0a 54 68 65 | treatme|nt?..The|
|0003a7d0| 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 | treatme|nt consi|
|0003a7e0| 73 74 73 20 6f 66 20 61 | 6e 20 61 6e 74 69 62 6f |sts of a|n antibo|
|0003a7f0| 64 79 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 69 73 20 61 20 70 72 |dy which| is a pr|
|0003a800| 6f 74 65 69 6e 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 6e 65 75 74 72 |otein th|at neutr|
|0003a810| 61 6c 69 7a 65 73 0a 74 | 68 65 20 61 63 74 69 6f |alizes.t|he actio|
|0003a820| 6e 20 6f 66 20 54 4e 46 | 2e 20 4f 72 69 67 69 6e |n of TNF|. Origin|
|0003a830| 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 6e 74 69 62 6f |ally, th|e antibo|
|0003a840| 64 79 20 77 61 73 20 6d | 61 64 65 20 62 79 20 61 |dy was m|ade by a|
|0003a850| 20 6d 6f 75 73 65 20 77 | 68 65 6e 20 69 74 0a 77 | mouse w|hen it.w|
|0003a860| 61 73 20 69 6e 6a 65 63 | 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 |as injec|ted with|
|0003a870| 20 68 75 6d 61 6e 20 54 | 4e 46 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | human T|NF. The |
|0003a880| 69 6d 6d 75 6e 65 20 73 | 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6f 66 |immune s|ystem of|
|0003a890| 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 75 | 73 65 20 72 65 63 6f 67 | the mou|se recog|
|0003a8a0| 6e 69 7a 65 64 20 74 68 | 65 0a 66 6f 72 65 69 67 |nized th|e.foreig|
|0003a8b0| 6e 20 6e 61 74 75 72 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |n nature| of the |
|0003a8c0| 68 75 6d 61 6e 20 54 4e | 46 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 |human TN|F and ma|
|0003a8d0| 64 65 20 61 6e 74 69 62 | 6f 64 69 65 73 20 61 67 |de antib|odies ag|
|0003a8e0| 61 69 6e 73 74 20 69 74 | 2e 20 4f 6e 65 20 6f 66 |ainst it|. One of|
|0003a8f0| 0a 74 68 65 73 65 20 6d | 6f 75 73 65 20 61 6e 74 |.these m|ouse ant|
|0003a900| 69 62 6f 64 69 65 73 20 | 77 61 73 20 6d 6f 64 69 |ibodies |was modi|
|0003a910| 66 69 65 64 20 6f 72 20 | 68 75 6d 61 6e 69 7a 65 |fied or |humanize|
|0003a920| 64 20 73 6f 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 69 74 20 77 6f 75 |d so tha|t it wou|
|0003a930| 6c 64 20 62 65 20 6c 65 | 73 73 0a 6c 69 6b 65 6c |ld be le|ss.likel|
|0003a940| 79 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f | 76 6f 6b 65 20 61 6e 20 |y to pro|voke an |
|0003a950| 61 64 76 65 72 73 65 20 | 72 65 61 63 74 69 6f 6e |adverse |reaction|
|0003a960| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 6e | 6a 65 63 74 65 64 20 69 | when in|jected i|
|0003a970| 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 68 75 | 6d 61 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 |nto a hu|man. The|
|0003a980| 72 65 0a 61 72 65 20 74 | 77 6f 20 61 6e 74 69 62 |re.are t|wo antib|
|0003a990| 6f 64 69 65 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 68 61 76 65 20 |odies th|at have |
|0003a9a0| 62 65 65 6e 20 75 73 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 74 72 65 |been use|d to tre|
|0003a9b0| 61 74 20 43 44 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 |at CD. T|he first|
|0003a9c0| 2c 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 | 63 41 32 2c 0a 77 61 73 |, named |cA2,.was|
|0003a9d0| 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 | 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 | develop|ed by th|
|0003a9e0| 65 20 62 69 6f 74 65 63 | 68 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 |e biotec|hnology |
|0003a9f0| 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e 79 20 | 43 65 6e 74 65 63 6f 72 |company |Centecor|
|0003aa00| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 63 41 | 32 20 61 6e 74 69 62 6f |. The cA|2 antibo|
|0003aa10| 64 79 20 77 61 73 0a 69 | 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 6c 79 |dy was.i|nitially|
|0003aa20| 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 65 | used in| the tre|
|0003aa30| 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f | 66 20 73 65 76 65 72 65 |atment o|f severe|
|0003aa40| 20 69 6e 66 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 2e 20 4d 6f 72 65 | infecti|on. More|
|0003aa50| 20 72 65 63 65 6e 74 6c | 79 20 69 74 20 68 61 73 | recentl|y it has|
|0003aa60| 0a 62 65 65 6e 20 65 76 | 61 6c 75 61 74 65 64 20 |.been ev|aluated |
|0003aa70| 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e |for the |treatmen|
|0003aa80| 74 20 6f 66 20 72 68 65 | 75 6d 61 74 6f 69 64 20 |t of rhe|umatoid |
|0003aa90| 61 72 74 68 72 69 74 69 | 73 2e 20 42 65 63 61 75 |arthriti|s. Becau|
|0003aaa0| 73 65 20 6f 66 0a 70 72 | 6f 6d 69 73 69 6e 67 20 |se of.pr|omising |
|0003aab0| 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 |results |in the a|
|0003aac0| 72 74 68 72 69 74 69 73 | 20 73 74 75 64 69 65 73 |rthritis| studies|
|0003aad0| 20 61 20 67 72 6f 75 70 | 20 6f 66 20 44 75 74 63 | a group| of Dutc|
|0003aae0| 68 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 | 69 61 6e 73 0a 67 61 76 |h physic|ians.gav|
|0003aaf0| 65 20 74 68 65 20 61 6e | 74 69 62 6f 64 79 20 74 |e the an|tibody t|
|0003ab00| 6f 20 61 20 63 68 69 6c | 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 |o a chil|d with s|
|0003ab10| 65 76 65 72 65 20 43 44 | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |evere CD| and the|
|0003ab20| 72 65 20 77 61 73 20 61 | 20 64 72 61 6d 61 74 69 |re was a| dramati|
|0003ab30| 63 0a 72 65 73 70 6f 6e | 73 65 2e 20 20 54 68 69 |c.respon|se.  Thi|
|0003ab40| 73 20 65 6e 63 6f 75 72 | 61 67 65 64 20 6d 6f 72 |s encour|aged mor|
|0003ab50| 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 72 65 | 68 65 6e 73 69 76 65 20 |e compre|hensive |
|0003ab60| 73 74 75 64 69 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 |studies |of the e|
|0003ab70| 66 66 65 63 74 69 76 65 | 6e 65 73 73 0a 6f 66 20 |ffective|ness.of |
|0003ab80| 74 68 65 20 63 41 32 20 | 61 6e 74 69 62 6f 64 79 |the cA2 |antibody|
|0003ab90| 20 74 6f 20 74 72 65 61 | 74 20 43 44 20 69 6e 20 | to trea|t CD in |
|0003aba0| 45 75 72 6f 70 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 55 |Europe a|nd the U|
|0003abb0| 6e 69 74 65 64 20 53 74 | 61 74 65 73 2e 20 54 68 |nited St|ates. Th|
|0003abc0| 65 0a 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 | 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 54 4e |e.second| anti-TN|
|0003abd0| 46 20 61 6e 74 69 62 6f | 64 79 20 68 61 73 20 62 |F antibo|dy has b|
|0003abe0| 65 65 6e 20 64 65 76 65 | 6c 6f 70 65 64 20 62 79 |een deve|loped by|
|0003abf0| 20 74 68 65 20 62 69 6f | 74 65 63 68 6e 6f 6c 6f | the bio|technolo|
|0003ac00| 67 79 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 | 6e 79 0a 42 72 69 74 69 |gy compa|ny.Briti|
|0003ac10| 73 68 20 42 69 6f 74 65 | 63 68 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 79 |sh Biote|chnology|
|0003ac20| 20 61 6e 64 20 69 73 20 | 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 43 | and is |called C|
|0003ac30| 44 50 35 37 31 2e 20 0a | 0a 32 2e 32 2e 32 2e 35 |DP571. .|.2.2.2.5|
|0003ac40| 20 51 3a 20 48 6f 77 20 | 64 6f 65 73 20 74 68 65 | Q: How |does the|
|0003ac50| 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 54 4e | 46 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d | anti-TN|F treatm|
|0003ac60| 65 6e 74 20 77 6f 72 6b | 3f 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 61 |ent work|?..The a|
|0003ac70| 6e 74 69 62 6f 64 69 65 | 73 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 |ntibodie|s blocks|
|0003ac80| 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 54 | the act|ion of T|
|0003ac90| 4e 46 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 66 61 63 74 20 74 68 61 |NF. The |fact tha|
|0003aca0| 74 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | 73 6f 20 65 66 66 65 63 |t it is |so effec|
|0003acb0| 74 69 76 65 0a 69 6e 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 20 70 61 74 |tive.in |some pat|
|0003acc0| 69 65 6e 74 73 20 68 61 | 73 20 72 61 69 73 65 64 |ients ha|s raised|
|0003acd0| 20 74 68 65 20 71 75 65 | 73 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 68 | the que|stion wh|
|0003ace0| 65 74 68 65 72 20 69 74 | 20 69 73 20 68 61 76 69 |ether it| is havi|
|0003acf0| 6e 67 20 73 6f 6d 65 0a | 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e |ng some.|addition|
|0003ad00| 61 6c 20 65 66 66 65 63 | 74 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 |al effec|ts on th|
|0003ad10| 65 20 69 6d 6d 75 6e 65 | 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 3b |e immune| system;|
|0003ad20| 20 68 6f 77 65 76 65 72 | 20 74 68 69 73 20 72 65 | however| this re|
|0003ad30| 6d 61 69 6e 73 20 74 6f | 20 62 65 0a 63 6c 61 72 |mains to| be.clar|
|0003ad40| 69 66 69 65 64 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 |ified. T|he most |
|0003ad50| 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e | 74 20 61 73 70 65 63 74 |importan|t aspect|
|0003ad60| 20 6f 66 20 69 74 73 20 | 75 73 65 20 69 73 20 74 | of its |use is t|
|0003ad70| 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 69 | 6d 70 6c 69 65 73 20 74 |hat it i|mplies t|
|0003ad80| 68 61 74 0a 54 4e 46 20 | 64 6f 65 73 20 69 6e 64 |hat.TNF |does ind|
|0003ad90| 65 65 64 20 73 65 65 6d | 20 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 |eed seem| to have|
|0003ada0| 20 61 6e 20 69 6d 70 6f | 72 74 61 6e 74 20 72 6f | an impo|rtant ro|
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|0003adc0| 70 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 0a 69 6e 66 6c 61 6d 6d |pment of|.inflamm|
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|0003bbe0| 20 28 65 78 63 65 70 74 | 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 61 6c | (except| removal|
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|0003c0f0| 20 69 73 20 6d 61 64 65 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | is made| in the |
|0003c100| 6c 6f 77 65 72 20 72 69 | 67 68 74 20 63 6f 72 6e |lower ri|ght corn|
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|0003c1c0| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 66 6f | 75 72 20 74 69 6d 65 73 |about fo|ur times|
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|0003c200| 0a 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 |.Another| operati|
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|0003c250| 63 6f 6c 6f 73 74 6f 6d | 79 20 62 61 67 20 62 79 |colostom|y bag by|
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|0003c2a0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 6c 6f 77 65 72 20 61 62 | of the |lower ab|
|0003c2b0| 64 6f 6d 65 6e 2e 20 41 | 20 6e 69 70 70 6c 65 20 |domen. A| nipple |
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|0003c320| 68 20 74 68 65 0a 69 6c | 65 6f 73 74 6f 6d 79 2e |h the.il|eostomy.|
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|0003c4e0| 73 74 65 70 73 20 69 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 74 |steps if| the pat|
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|0003c510| 20 6f 66 0a 73 75 72 67 | 65 72 79 2e 0a 0a 54 68 | of.surg|ery...Th|
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|0003c5b0| 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 | 64 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 2e |describe|d below.|
|0003c5c0| 0a 0a 33 2e 31 2e 33 20 | 51 3a 20 57 68 61 74 27 |..3.1.3 |Q: What'|
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|0003c5e0| 61 73 74 6f 6d 6f 73 69 | 73 2c 20 6f 72 20 49 6c |astomosi|s, or Il|
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|0003c610| 6e 66 6c 61 6d 65 73 20 | 6f 6e 6c 79 20 74 68 65 |nflames |only the|
|0003c620| 20 69 6e 6e 65 72 6d 6f | 73 74 20 6c 61 79 65 72 | innermo|st layer|
|0003c630| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 2c 20 74 | of the |colon, t|
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|0003c650| 0a 73 74 72 69 70 70 65 | 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 69 |.strippe|d of thi|
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|0003c670| 63 68 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 69 6c 65 75 |ched to |the ileu|
|0003c680| 6d 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f |m after |the colo|
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|0003c840| 6f 0a 74 65 6e 20 62 6f | 77 65 6c 20 6d 6f 76 65 |o.ten bo|wel move|
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|0003c8c0| 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 69 | 74 27 73 20 6f 6e 6c 79 |tually i|t's only|
|0003c8d0| 0a 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 | 72 79 20 74 6f 20 68 61 |.necessa|ry to ha|
|0003c8e0| 76 65 20 66 6f 75 72 20 | 6f 72 20 66 69 76 65 20 |ve four |or five |
|0003c8f0| 62 6f 77 65 6c 20 6d 6f | 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 |bowel mo|vements |
|0003c900| 61 20 64 61 79 2e 20 20 | 49 6e 20 72 61 72 65 20 |a day.  |In rare |
|0003c910| 63 61 73 65 73 0a 28 61 | 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 35 25 |cases.(a|round 5%|
|0003c920| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 75 72 67 65 72 | when th|e surger|
|0003c930| 79 20 69 73 20 70 65 72 | 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 62 |y is per|formed b|
|0003c940| 79 20 61 6e 20 61 70 70 | 72 6f 70 72 69 61 74 65 |y an app|ropriate|
|0003c950| 6c 79 20 74 72 61 69 6e | 65 64 0a 73 75 72 67 65 |ly train|ed.surge|
|0003c960| 6f 6e 29 20 77 68 65 6e | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 63 |on) when| other c|
|0003c970| 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 73 75 |omplicat|ions, su|
|0003c980| 63 68 20 61 73 20 69 6e | 66 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ch as in|fection |
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|0003d860| 73 2e 20 49 72 6f 6e 20 | 73 75 70 70 6c 65 6d 65 |s. Iron |suppleme|
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|0003d9b0| 20 69 6e 74 65 73 74 69 | 6e 61 6c 20 74 72 61 63 | intesti|nal trac|
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|0003dc30| 66 20 62 65 6e 65 66 69 | 74 20 69 6e 20 55 43 2e |f benefi|t in UC.|
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|0003dc50| 69 73 20 74 6f 74 61 6c | 20 70 61 72 65 6e 74 65 |is total| parente|
|0003dc60| 72 61 6c 20 6e 75 74 72 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 3f 0a 0a |ral nutr|ition?..|
|0003dc70| 54 6f 74 61 6c 20 70 61 | 72 65 6e 74 65 72 61 6c |Total pa|renteral|
|0003dc80| 20 6e 75 74 72 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 28 54 50 4e 29 | nutriti|on (TPN)|
|0003dc90| 2c 20 6f 72 20 68 79 70 | 65 72 61 6c 69 6d 65 6e |, or hyp|eralimen|
|0003dca0| 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 64 65 | 6c 69 76 65 72 73 20 61 |tion, de|livers a|
|0003dcb0| 0a 63 6f 6e 63 65 6e 74 | 72 61 74 65 64 20 73 6f |.concent|rated so|
|0003dcc0| 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 6e 75 74 72 69 65 |lution o|f nutrie|
|0003dcd0| 6e 74 73 20 69 6e 74 72 | 61 76 65 6e 6f 75 73 6c |nts intr|avenousl|
|0003dce0| 79 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 | 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 |y. This |is used |
|0003dcf0| 69 6e 20 76 65 72 79 0a | 61 63 74 69 76 65 20 64 |in very.|active d|
|0003dd00| 69 73 65 61 73 65 20 65 | 69 74 68 65 72 20 67 69 |isease e|ither gi|
|0003dd10| 76 69 6e 67 20 69 74 20 | 74 69 6d 65 20 74 6f 20 |ving it |time to |
|0003dd20| 73 75 62 73 69 64 65 2c | 20 6f 72 20 74 6f 20 6e |subside,| or to n|
|0003dd30| 6f 75 72 69 73 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 61 74 69 65 |ourish t|he patie|
|0003dd40| 6e 74 0a 62 65 66 6f 72 | 65 20 73 75 72 67 65 72 |nt.befor|e surger|
|0003dd50| 79 2e 0a 0a 50 65 6f 70 | 6c 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 |y...Peop|le with |
|0003dd60| 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 73 20 | 44 69 73 65 61 73 65 20 |Crohn's |Disease |
|0003dd70| 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 6c | 79 20 62 65 6e 65 66 69 |generall|y benefi|
|0003dd80| 74 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 | 68 61 6e 20 74 68 6f 73 |t more t|han thos|
|0003dd90| 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 55 | 43 0a 62 65 63 61 75 73 |e with U|C.becaus|
|0003dda0| 65 20 43 44 20 75 73 75 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 66 66 |e CD usu|ally aff|
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|0003ddc0| 6e 74 65 73 74 69 6e 65 | 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |ntestine|, which |
|0003ddd0| 69 73 20 77 68 65 72 65 | 20 6e 75 74 72 69 65 6e |is where| nutrien|
|0003dde0| 74 73 0a 61 72 65 20 61 | 62 73 6f 72 62 65 64 2e |ts.are a|bsorbed.|
|0003ddf0| 20 54 50 4e 20 6d 61 79 | 2c 20 68 6f 77 65 76 65 | TPN may|, howeve|
|0003de00| 72 2c 20 6f 63 63 61 73 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 |r, occas|ionally |
|0003de10| 62 65 20 77 61 72 72 61 | 6e 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |be warra|nted in |
|0003de20| 63 72 69 74 69 63 61 6c | 6c 79 20 69 6c 6c 0a 70 |critical|ly ill.p|
|0003de30| 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 55 43 2e 0a 0a |eople wi|th UC...|
|0003de40| 0a 34 2e 31 2e 33 20 51 | 3a 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 |.4.1.3 Q|: What i|
|0003de50| 73 20 6c 61 63 74 6f 73 | 65 20 69 6e 74 6f 6c 65 |s lactos|e intole|
|0003de60| 72 61 6e 63 65 3f 0a 0a | 49 74 27 73 20 63 6f 6d |rance?..|It's com|
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|0003de80| 74 68 61 74 20 61 62 6f | 75 74 20 33 30 25 20 6f |that abo|ut 30% o|
|0003de90| 66 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f | 72 6c 64 27 73 20 61 64 |f the wo|rld's ad|
|0003dea0| 75 6c 74 20 70 6f 70 75 | 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 0a 73 |ult popu|lation.s|
|0003deb0| 75 66 66 65 72 73 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 6c 61 63 74 |uffers f|rom lact|
|0003dec0| 6f 73 65 20 69 6e 74 6f | 6c 65 72 61 6e 63 65 2c |ose into|lerance,|
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|0003df10| 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 |her than| normal |
|0003df20| 66 72 61 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 41 73 69 61 |fraction| of Asia|
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|0003df40| 61 63 74 6f 73 65 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 6e |actose i|ntoleran|
|0003df50| 63 65 2e 0a 0a 4c 61 63 | 74 6f 73 65 20 69 73 20 |ce...Lac|tose is |
|0003df60| 61 20 73 75 67 61 72 20 | 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 6e |a sugar |found in|
|0003df70| 20 6d 69 6c 6b 2c 20 6d | 69 6c 6b 20 70 72 6f 64 | milk, m|ilk prod|
|0003df80| 75 63 74 73 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 66 6f 6f 64 73 20 |ucts, an|d foods |
|0003df90| 6d 61 64 65 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 6d 69 6c 6b 2e 0a |made wit|h milk..|
|0003dfa0| 54 68 65 20 65 6e 7a 79 | 6d 65 20 6c 61 63 74 61 |The enzy|me lacta|
|0003dfb0| 73 65 2c 20 6e 6f 72 6d | 61 6c 6c 79 20 70 72 6f |se, norm|ally pro|
|0003dfc0| 64 75 63 65 64 20 69 6e | 20 6f 75 72 20 69 6e 74 |duced in| our int|
|0003dfd0| 65 73 74 69 6e 65 73 2c | 20 62 72 65 61 6b 73 20 |estines,| breaks |
|0003dfe0| 64 6f 77 6e 0a 6c 61 63 | 74 6f 73 65 20 64 75 72 |down.lac|tose dur|
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|0003e000| 61 63 74 6f 73 65 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 6e |actose i|ntoleran|
|0003e010| 74 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 | 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 70 |t people| don't p|
|0003e020| 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 65 | 6e 6f 75 67 68 0a 6c 61 |roduce e|nough.la|
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|0003e050| 74 20 6c 61 63 74 6f 73 | 65 2e 0a 0a 53 79 6d 70 |t lactos|e...Symp|
|0003e060| 74 6f 6d 73 20 6f 66 20 | 6c 61 63 74 6f 73 65 20 |toms of |lactose |
|0003e070| 69 6e 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 | 6e 63 65 20 69 6e 63 6c |intolera|nce incl|
|0003e080| 75 64 65 20 61 20 62 6c | 6f 61 74 65 64 20 66 65 |ude a bl|oated fe|
|0003e090| 65 6c 69 6e 67 2c 20 61 | 62 64 6f 6d 69 6e 61 6c |eling, a|bdominal|
|0003e0a0| 20 70 61 69 6e 2c 0a 66 | 6c 61 74 75 6c 65 6e 63 | pain,.f|latulenc|
|0003e0b0| 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 64 | 69 61 72 72 68 65 61 20 |e, and d|iarrhea |
|0003e0c0| 73 68 6f 72 74 6c 79 20 | 61 66 74 65 72 20 63 6f |shortly |after co|
|0003e0d0| 6e 73 75 6d 69 6e 67 20 | 6d 69 6c 6b 20 6f 72 20 |nsuming |milk or |
|0003e0e0| 6d 69 6c 6b 20 70 72 6f | 64 75 63 74 73 2e 20 0a |milk pro|ducts. .|
|0003e0f0| 53 6f 75 6e 64 20 66 61 | 6d 69 6c 69 61 72 3f 20 |Sound fa|miliar? |
|0003e100| 20 49 74 27 73 20 6e 6f | 74 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 | It's no|t someth|
|0003e110| 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 79 6f 75 20 77 61 6e |ing that| you wan|
|0003e120| 74 20 74 6f 20 73 75 62 | 6a 65 63 74 20 79 6f 75 |t to sub|ject you|
|0003e130| 72 73 65 6c 66 20 74 6f | 0a 69 6e 20 61 64 64 69 |rself to|.in addi|
|0003e140| 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 79 6d 70 |tion to |the symp|
|0003e150| 74 6f 6d 73 20 6f 66 20 | 43 72 6f 68 6e 27 73 20 |toms of |Crohn's |
|0003e160| 6f 72 20 55 43 2e 20 41 | 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 |or UC. A| simple |
|0003e170| 6c 61 62 6f 72 61 74 6f | 72 79 20 74 65 73 74 20 |laborato|ry test |
|0003e180| 63 61 6e 0a 64 65 74 65 | 72 6d 69 6e 65 20 77 68 |can.dete|rmine wh|
|0003e190| 65 74 68 65 72 20 6f 6e | 65 20 69 73 20 6c 61 63 |ether on|e is lac|
|0003e1a0| 74 6f 73 65 20 69 6e 74 | 6f 6c 65 72 61 6e 74 20 |tose int|olerant |
|0003e1b0| 6f 72 20 6e 6f 74 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 73 65 76 |or not. | The sev|
|0003e1c0| 65 72 69 74 79 20 6f 66 | 0a 73 79 6d 70 74 6f 6d |erity of|.symptom|
|0003e1d0| 73 20 69 73 20 68 69 67 | 68 6c 79 20 69 6e 64 69 |s is hig|hly indi|
|0003e1e0| 76 69 64 75 61 6c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 |vidual a|nd most |
|0003e1f0| 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 64 | 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 6e 65 |people d|o not ne|
|0003e200| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 65 6c | 69 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 0a |ed to el|iminate.|
|0003e210| 6c 61 63 74 6f 73 65 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 |lactose |from the|
|0003e220| 69 72 20 64 69 65 74 20 | 65 6e 74 69 72 65 6c 79 |ir diet |entirely|
|0003e230| 2e 20 0a 0a 34 2e 31 2e | 33 2e 31 20 51 3a 20 53 |. ..4.1.|3.1 Q: S|
|0003e240| 6f 20 77 68 61 74 20 63 | 61 6e 20 49 20 64 6f 20 |o what c|an I do |
|0003e250| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 6c 61 | 63 74 6f 73 65 20 69 6e |about la|ctose in|
|0003e260| 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 6e 63 | 65 3f 0a 0a 31 2e 20 20 |toleranc|e?..1.  |
|0003e270| 52 65 64 75 63 65 20 6f | 72 20 52 65 6d 6f 76 65 |Reduce o|r Remove|
|0003e280| 20 6d 69 6c 6b 20 61 6e | 64 20 6d 69 6c 6b 20 63 | milk an|d milk c|
|0003e290| 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 69 6e | 67 20 66 6f 6f 64 73 20 |ontainin|g foods |
|0003e2a0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 79 6f 75 | 72 20 64 69 65 74 2e 20 |from you|r diet. |
|0003e2b0| 54 68 65 73 65 0a 69 6e | 63 6c 75 64 65 20 6d 69 |These.in|clude mi|
|0003e2c0| 6c 6b 20 63 68 6f 63 6f | 6c 61 74 65 2c 20 62 75 |lk choco|late, bu|
|0003e2d0| 74 74 65 72 2c 20 63 68 | 65 65 73 65 73 2c 20 69 |tter, ch|eeses, i|
|0003e2e0| 63 65 20 63 72 65 61 6d | 20 61 6e 64 20 6c 61 63 |ce cream| and lac|
|0003e2f0| 74 6f 73 65 2d 2d 69 74 | 27 73 20 61 6e 0a 69 6e |tose--it|'s an.in|
|0003e300| 67 72 65 64 69 65 6e 74 | 20 62 79 20 69 74 73 65 |gredient| by itse|
|0003e310| 6c 66 20 69 6e 20 73 6f | 6d 65 20 66 6f 6f 64 73 |lf in so|me foods|
|0003e320| 2e 20 20 43 68 65 63 6b | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 62 |.  Check| the lab|
|0003e330| 65 6c 21 0a 0a 32 2e 20 | 20 45 61 74 20 66 6f 6f |el!..2. | Eat foo|
|0003e340| 64 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 | 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 6c 61 |ds conta|ining la|
|0003e350| 63 74 6f 73 65 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 6d 65 61 6c 73 |ctose wi|th meals|
|0003e360| 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e | 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 74 | contain|ing prot|
|0003e370| 65 69 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 | 66 61 74 2c 20 6e 6f 74 |ein and |fat, not|
|0003e380| 0a 61 6c 6f 6e 65 2e 0a | 0a 33 2e 20 20 55 73 65 |.alone..|.3.  Use|
|0003e390| 20 61 20 6c 61 63 74 6f | 73 65 20 72 65 64 75 63 | a lacto|se reduc|
|0003e3a0| 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 64 | 75 63 74 20 61 76 61 69 |ing prod|uct avai|
|0003e3b0| 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 76 | 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 63 |lable ov|er the c|
|0003e3c0| 6f 75 6e 74 65 72 20 61 | 74 20 6d 6f 73 74 0a 70 |ounter a|t most.p|
|0003e3d0| 68 61 72 6d 61 63 69 65 | 73 20 28 44 61 69 72 79 |harmacie|s (Dairy|
|0003e3e0| 20 45 61 73 65 20 6f 72 | 20 4c 61 63 74 61 69 64 | Ease or| Lactaid|
|0003e3f0| 29 2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e |). These| contain|
|0003e400| 20 6c 61 63 74 61 73 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 72 65 | lactase| and are|
|0003e410| 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 0a | 63 6f 6e 73 75 6d 65 64 | either.|consumed|
|0003e420| 20 77 69 74 68 20 6c 61 | 63 74 6f 73 65 20 72 69 | with la|ctose ri|
|0003e430| 63 68 20 66 6f 6f 64 20 | 6f 72 20 61 64 64 65 64 |ch food |or added|
|0003e440| 20 74 6f 20 69 74 20 62 | 65 66 6f 72 65 20 65 61 | to it b|efore ea|
|0003e450| 74 69 6e 67 2e 0a 0a 53 | 6f 6d 65 20 64 61 69 72 |ting...S|ome dair|
|0003e460| 79 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 74 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 |y produc|ts have |
|0003e470| 72 65 64 75 63 65 64 20 | 6c 61 63 74 6f 73 65 20 |reduced |lactose |
|0003e480| 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 2e | 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 69 |content.| These i|
|0003e490| 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 20 79 | 6f 67 75 72 74 20 61 6e |nclude y|ogurt an|
|0003e4a0| 64 0a 4c 61 63 74 61 69 | 64 20 4d 69 6c 6b 2e 0a |d.Lactai|d Milk..|
|0003e4b0| 0a 34 2e 20 20 46 65 72 | 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 20 6d |.4.  Fer|mented m|
|0003e4c0| 69 6c 6b 20 70 72 6f 64 | 75 63 74 73 2c 20 73 75 |ilk prod|ucts, su|
|0003e4d0| 63 68 20 61 73 20 61 67 | 65 64 20 63 68 65 65 73 |ch as ag|ed chees|
|0003e4e0| 65 73 2c 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 61 69 6e 20 6c 65 73 73 |es, cont|ain less|
|0003e4f0| 20 6c 61 63 74 6f 73 65 | 20 61 6e 64 0a 61 72 65 | lactose| and.are|
|0003e500| 20 75 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 62 65 74 74 65 72 20 | usually| better |
|0003e510| 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 74 65 | 64 2e 20 20 43 6f 74 74 |tolerate|d.  Cott|
|0003e520| 61 67 65 20 61 6e 64 20 | 72 69 63 6f 74 74 61 20 |age and |ricotta |
|0003e530| 63 68 65 65 73 65 20 61 | 72 65 20 4f 4b 2c 20 63 |cheese a|re OK, c|
|0003e540| 68 65 64 64 61 72 0a 68 | 61 73 20 61 62 6f 75 74 |heddar.h|as about|
|0003e550| 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 61 | 73 74 2e 20 42 75 74 74 | the lea|st. Butt|
|0003e560| 65 72 6d 69 6c 6b 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 |ermilk c|ontains |
|0003e570| 61 73 20 6d 75 63 68 20 | 6c 61 63 74 6f 73 65 20 |as much |lactose |
|0003e580| 61 73 20 6d 69 6c 6b 2e | 0a 0a 35 2e 20 20 41 20 |as milk.|..5.  A |
|0003e590| 63 61 6c 63 69 75 6d 20 | 73 75 70 70 6c 65 6d 65 |calcium |suppleme|
|0003e5a0| 6e 74 20 6d 61 79 20 62 | 65 20 6e 65 65 64 65 64 |nt may b|e needed|
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|0003e5c0| 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 72 | 65 64 75 63 65 64 20 6f |ts are r|educed o|
|0003e5d0| 72 0a 65 6c 69 6d 69 6e | 61 74 65 64 20 66 72 6f |r.elimin|ated fro|
|0003e5e0| 6d 20 79 6f 75 72 20 64 | 69 65 74 2e 0a 0a 35 2e |m your d|iet...5.|
|0003e5f0| 31 20 51 3a 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 70 61 72 74 20 64 |1 Q: Wha|t part d|
|0003e600| 6f 65 73 20 73 74 72 65 | 73 73 20 70 6c 61 79 20 |oes stre|ss play |
|0003e610| 69 6e 20 49 42 44 3f 0a | 0a 45 6d 6f 74 69 6f 6e |in IBD?.|.Emotion|
|0003e620| 61 6c 20 73 74 72 65 73 | 73 20 70 6c 61 79 73 20 |al stres|s plays |
|0003e630| 61 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 | 70 61 72 74 20 69 6e 20 |a large |part in |
|0003e640| 74 68 65 20 68 65 61 6c | 74 68 20 6f 66 20 73 6f |the heal|th of so|
|0003e650| 6d 65 20 70 61 74 69 65 | 6e 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |me patie|nts and |
|0003e660| 69 73 0a 6f 66 74 65 6e | 20 63 69 74 65 64 20 61 |is.often| cited a|
|0003e670| 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 | 69 67 67 65 72 20 6f 66 |s the tr|igger of|
|0003e680| 20 61 20 72 65 6c 61 70 | 73 65 2c 20 74 68 6f 75 | a relap|se, thou|
|0003e690| 67 68 20 74 68 65 72 65 | 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 63 |gh there| is no c|
|0003e6a0| 6c 65 61 72 20 63 61 75 | 73 65 20 61 6e 64 0a 65 |lear cau|se and.e|
|0003e6b0| 66 66 65 63 74 20 72 65 | 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 68 |ffect re|lationsh|
|0003e6c0| 69 70 20 70 72 6f 76 65 | 6e 2e 20 49 74 20 6d 61 |ip prove|n. It ma|
|0003e6d0| 79 20 62 65 20 6d 6f 72 | 65 20 6c 69 6b 65 6c 79 |y be mor|e likely|
|0003e6e0| 20 62 65 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 | be that| stress |
|0003e6f0| 69 73 20 6f 6e 65 0a 72 | 65 73 75 6c 74 20 6f 66 |is one.r|esult of|
|0003e700| 20 61 20 66 6c 61 72 65 | 2d 75 70 20 72 61 74 68 | a flare|-up rath|
|0003e710| 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 62 65 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |er than |being a |
|0003e720| 66 61 63 74 6f 72 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 72 69 62 75 74 |factor c|ontribut|
|0003e730| 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 6f | 6e 65 2e 0a 54 72 65 61 |ing to o|ne..Trea|
|0003e740| 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 20 49 42 44 20 73 6f 6d |tment of| IBD som|
|0003e750| 65 74 69 6d 65 73 20 6d | 61 79 20 75 73 65 66 75 |etimes m|ay usefu|
|0003e760| 6c 6c 79 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 65 20 74 68 65 20 |lly incl|ude the |
|0003e770| 74 65 61 63 68 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 66 20 73 74 72 65 |teaching| of stre|
|0003e780| 73 73 0a 72 65 64 75 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 65 63 |ss.reduc|tion tec|
|0003e790| 68 6e 69 71 75 65 73 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 |hniques |such as |
|0003e7a0| 6d 65 64 69 74 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 2e 0a 0a 54 68 69 |meditati|on...Thi|
|0003e7b0| 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 72 6f 76 65 72 |s is a c|ontrover|
|0003e7c0| 73 69 61 6c 20 73 75 62 | 6a 65 63 74 20 77 69 74 |sial sub|ject wit|
|0003e7d0| 68 20 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 | 61 74 20 22 70 6f 6c 69 |h somewh|at "poli|
|0003e7e0| 74 69 63 61 6c 22 20 6f | 76 65 72 74 6f 6e 65 73 |tical" o|vertones|
|0003e7f0| 2e 20 4d 61 6e 79 0a 70 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 |. Many.p|atients |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+