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- CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 ((((llllooooccccaaaallll)))) CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- compress, uncompress, zcat - compress and expand data
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssss [ ----ffff ] [ ----vvvv ] [ ----cccc ] [ ----VVVV ] [ ----bbbb _b_i_t_s ] [ _n_a_m_e ... ]
- uuuunnnnccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssss [ ----ffff ] [ ----vvvv ] [ ----cccc ] [ ----VVVV ] [ _n_a_m_e ... ]
- zzzzccccaaaatttt [ ----VVVV ] [ _n_a_m_e ... ]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _C_o_m_p_r_e_s_s reduces the size of the named files using adaptive
- Lempel-Ziv coding. Whenever possible, each file is replaced
- by one with the extension ....ZZZZ,,,, while keeping the same
- ownership modes, access and modification times. If no files
- are specified, the standard input is compressed to the
- standard output. Compressed files can be restored to their
- original form using _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s or _z_c_a_t.
-
- The ----ffff option will force compression of _n_a_m_e. This is useful
- for compressing an entire directory, even if some of the
- files do not actually shrink. If ----ffff is not given and
- _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s is run in the foreground, the user is prompted as
- to whether an existing file should be overwritten.
-
- The ----cccc option makes _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s/_u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s write to the
- standard output; no files are changed. The nondestructive
- behavior of _z_c_a_t is identical to that of _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s ----cccc....
-
- _C_o_m_p_r_e_s_s uses the modified Lempel-Ziv algorithm popularized
- in "A Technique for High Performance Data Compression",
- Terry A. Welch, _I_E_E_E _C_o_m_p_u_t_e_r, vol. 17, no. 6 (June 1984),
- pp. 8-19. Common substrings in the file are first replaced
- by 9-bit codes 257 and up. When code 512 is reached, the
- algorithm switches to 10-bit codes and continues to use more
- bits until the limit specified by the ----bbbb flag is reached
- (default 16). _B_i_t_s must be between 9 and 16. The default
- can be changed in the source to allow _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s to be run on
- a smaller machine.
-
- After the _b_i_t_s limit is attained, _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s periodically
- checks the compression ratio. If it is increasing, _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s
- continues to use the existing code dictionary. However, if
- the compression ratio decreases, _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s discards the table
- of substrings and rebuilds it from scratch. This allows the
- algorithm to adapt to the next "block" of the file.
-
- Note that the ----bbbb flag is omitted for _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s, since the
- _b_i_t_s parameter specified during compression is encoded
- within the output, along with a magic number to ensure that
- neither decompression of random data nor recompression of
- compressed data is attempted.
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- Page 1 (printed 1/1/86)
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- CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 ((((llllooooccccaaaallll)))) CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111))))
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-
-
- The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of
- the input, the number of _b_i_t_s per code, and the distribution
- of common substrings. Typically, text such as source code
- or English is reduced by 50-60%. Compression is generally
- much better than that achieved by Huffman coding (as used in
- _p_a_c_k), or adaptive Huffman coding (_c_o_m_p_a_c_t), and takes less
- time to compute.
-
- Under the ----vvvv option, a message is printed yielding the
- percentage of reduction for each file compressed.
-
- If the ----VVVV option is specified, the current version and
- compile options are printed on stderr.
-
- Exit status is normally 0; if the last file is larger after
- (attempted) compression, the status is 2; if an error
- occurs, exit status is 1.
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- pack(1), compact(1)
-
- DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
- Usage: compress [-dfvcV] [-b maxbits] [file ...]
- Invalid options were specified on the command line.
- Missing maxbits
- Maxbits must follow ----bbbb.
- _f_i_l_e: not in compressed format
- The file specified to _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s has not been
- compressed.
- _f_i_l_e: compressed with _x_x bits, can only handle _y_y bits
- _F_i_l_e was compressed by a program that could deal
- with more _b_i_t_s than the compress code on this
- machine. Recompress the file with smaller _b_i_t_s.
- _f_i_l_e: already has .Z suffix -- no change
- The file is assumed to be already compressed.
- Rename the file and try again.
- _f_i_l_e: filename too long to tack on .Z
- The file cannot be compressed because its name is
- longer than 12 characters. Rename and try again.
- This message does not occur on BSD systems.
- _f_i_l_e already exists; do you wish to overwrite (y or n)?
- Respond "y" if you want the output file to be
- replaced; "n" if not.
- uncompress: corrupt input
- A SIGSEGV violation was detected which usually means
- that the input file has been corrupted.
- Compression: _x_x._x_x%
- Percentage of the input saved by compression.
- (Relevant only for ----vvvv.)
- -- not a regular file: unchanged
- When the input file is not a regular file, (e.g. a
- directory), it is left unaltered.
-
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- Page 2 (printed 1/1/86)
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- CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 ((((llllooooccccaaaallll)))) CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111))))
-
-
-
- -- has _x_x other links: unchanged
- The input file has links; it is left unchanged. See
- _l_n(1) for more information.
- -- file unchanged
- No savings is achieved by compression. The input
- remains virgin.
-
- BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
- Although compressed files are compatible between machines
- with large memory, ----bbbb12 should be used for file transfer to
- architectures with a small process data space (64KB or less,
- as exhibited by the DEC PDP series, the Intel 80286, etc.)
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- Page 3 (printed 1/1/86)
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