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- CEPHES MATHEMATICAL FUNCTION LIBRARY
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- This computer software library is a collection of fast and
- highly accurate double precision mathematical routines for
- scientific and engineering applications. All are written
- entirely in C language.
-
- The library contains more than 100 tested functions. In
- addition to the elementary transcendental functions, it includes
- a substantial collection of probability integrals, Bessel
- functions, and higher transcendental functions.
-
- There are complex variable routines covering complex
- arithmetic, complex logarithm and exponential, and complex
- trigonometric functions.
-
- Each subroutine has been tested by comparing at a large
- number of points against high precision check routines. The test
- programs use floating point arithmetic having 144 bit (43
- decimal) precision. Test results are given with the desription
- of each routine.
-
- The routines have been characterized and tested in IEEE Std
- 754 double precision arithmetic, used on IBM PC and a growing
- number of other computers, and also in the popular DEC/IBM double
- precision format.
-
- For DEC and IEEE arithmetic, numerical constants and
- approximation coefficients are supplied as integer arrays in
- order to eliminate conversion errors that might be introduced by
- the language compiler. All coefficients are also supplied in the
- normal decimal scientific notation so that the routines can be
- compiled and used on other machines that do not support either of
- the above numeric formats.
-
- A single, common error handling routine is supplied. Error
- conditions produce a display of the function name and error type.
- The user may easily insert modifications to implement any desired
- action on specified types of error.
-
- The following table summarizes the current contents of the
- library. Note that since the quoted accuracies are
- experimentally measured, they are not guaranteed maximum errors.
- Nevertheless the same tests applied to several published math
- routine libraries have revealed significant differences, in favor
- of the Cephes routines.
-
- Following the summary table are Unix-style manual pages that
- describe the functions and their invocation.
-
- PAGE 2
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- Function Name Accuracy
- -------- ---- DEC IEEE
- ---- ----
- Algebraic
- Square root sqrt 2e-17 2e-16
- Long integer square root lsqrt 1 1
- Cube root cbrt 2e-17 2e-16
- Evaluate polynomial polevl
- Evaluate Chebyshev series chbevl
- Round to nearest integer value round
- Truncate upward to integer ceil
- Truncate downward to integer floor
- Extract exponent frexp
- Add integer to exponent ldexp
- Absolute value fabs
- Roots of a polynomial polrt
-
- Exponential and Trigonometric
- Arc cosine acos 3e-17 2e-16
- Arc hyperbolic cosine acosh 4e-17 4e-16
- Arc hyperbolic sine asinh 5e-17 4e-16
- Arc hyperbolic tangent atanh 3e-17 2e-16
- Arcsine asin 6e-17 5e-16
- Arctangent atan 3e-17 3e-16
- Quadrant correct arctangent atan2 3e-17 3e-16
- Cosine cos 3e-17 2e-16
- Cosine of arg in degrees cosdg 4e-17 2e-16
- Exponential, base e exp 3e-17 2e-16
- Exponential, base 2 exp2 2e-17 2e-16
- Exponential, base 10 exp10 3e-17 3e-16
- Hyperbolic cosine cosh 3e-17 2e-16
- Hyperbolic sine sinh 4e-17 3e-16
- Hyperbolic tangent tanh 3e-17 2e-16
- Logarithm, base e log 2e-17 2e-16
- Logarithm, base 10 log10 3e-17 2e-16
- Power pow 1e-15 1e-14
- Sine sin 3e-17 2e-16
- Sine of arg in degrees sindg 4e-17 2e-16
- Tangent tan 4e-17 3e-16
- Tangent of arg in degrees tandg 3e-17 2e-16
-
- Exponential integral
- Exponential integral expn 2e-16 1e-15
- Hyperbolic cosine integral shichi 9e-17 7e-16
- Hyperbolic sine integral shichi 9e-17 6e-16
- Cosine integral sici 8e-17A 6e-16
- Sine integral sici 4e-17A 5e-16
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- Gamma
- Beta beta 8e-15 2e-14
- Factorial fac 2e-17 1e-15
- Gamma gamma 1e-16 1e-15
- Logarithm of gamma function lgam 5e-17 5e-16
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- PAGE 3
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- Incomplete beta integral incbet 4e-14 4e-13
- Inverse beta integral incbi 3e-13 2e-12
- Incomplete gamma integral igam 5e-15 3e-14
- Complemented gamma integral igamc 3e-15 2e-14
- Inverse gamma integral igami 9e-16 6e-15
- Psi (digamma) function psi 2e-16 4e-15
- Reciprocal Gamma rgamma 1e-16 1e-15
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- Error function
- Error function erf 5e-17 3e-16
- Complemented error function erfc 5e-16 6e-14
- Dawson's integral dawsn 2e-16 1e-15
- Fresnel integral (C, S) fresnl 2e-16 2e-15
-
- Bessel
- Airy (Ai, Ai', Bi, Bi') airy 8e-13A 2e-9A
- Bessel, order 0 j0 4e-17A 4e-16A
- Bessel, order 1 j1 3e-17A 2e-16A
- Bessel, order n jn 7e-17A 5e-16A
- Bessel, noninteger order jv 1e-13A 9e-13A
- Bessel, second kind, order 0 y0 8e-17A 1e-15A
- Bessel, second kind, order 1 y1 9e-17A 7e-16A
- Bessel, second kind, order n yn 3e-16A 2e-15A
- Modified Bessel, order 0 i0 8e-17 8e-16
- Exponentially scaled i0 i0e 8e-17 8e-16
- Modified Bessel, order 1 i1 1e-16 2e-15
- Exponentially scaled i1 i1e 1e-16 2e-15
- Modified Bessel, nonint. order iv 3e-15 2e-15
- Mod. Bessel, 3rd kind, order 0 k0 1e-16 1e-15
- Exponentially scaled k0 k0e 1e-16 1e-15
- Mod. Bessel, 3rd kind, order 1 k1 9e-17 8e-16
- Exponentially scaled k1 k1e 9e-17 8e-16
- Mod. Bessel, 3rd kind, order n kn 1e-9 7e-9
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- Hypergeometric
- Confluent hypergeometric hyperg 1e-15 1e-14
- Gauss hypergeometric function hyp2f1 4e-11 3e-9
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- Elliptic
- Complete elliptic integral (E) ellpe 3e-17 2e-16
- Incomplete elliptic integral (E) ellie 2e-16 2e-15
- Complete elliptic integral (K) ellpk 4e-17 3e-16
- Incomplete elliptic integral (K) ellik 9e-17 5e-16
- Jacobian elliptic functions ellpj 5e-16A 9e-13
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- Probability
- Binomial distribution bdtr 4e-14 4e-13
- Complemented binomial bdtrc 4e-14 4e-13
- Inverse binomial bdtri 3e-13 2e-12
- Chi square distribution chdtr 5e-15 3e-14
- Complemented Chi square chdtrc 3E-15 2E-14
- Inverse Chi square chdtri 9e-16 6e-15
- F distribution fdtr 4e-14 4e-13
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- PAGE 4
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- Complemented F fdtrc 4e-14 4e-13
- Inverse F distribution fdtri 3e-13 2e-12
- Gamma distribution gdtr 5e-15 3e-14
- Complemented gamma gdtrc 3e-15 2e-14
- Negative binomial distribution nbdtr 4e-14 4e-13
- Complemented negative binomial nbdtrc 4e-14 4e-13
- Normal distribution ndtr 2e-15 3e-14
- Inverse normal distribution ndtri 8e-17 7e-16
- Poisson distribution pdtr 3e-15 2e-14
- Complemented Poisson pdtrc 5e-15 3e-14
- Inverse Poisson distribution pdtri 3e-15 5e-14
- Student's t distribution stdtr 2e-15 1e-14
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- Miscellaneous
- Dilogarithm spence 2e-16 1e-15
- Riemann Zeta function zetac 1e-16
- Two argument zeta function zeta
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- Matrix
- Fast Fourier transform fftr
- Simultaneous linear equations simq
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- Complex Arithmetic
- Complex addition cadd 1e-17 1e-16
- Subtraction csub 1e-17 1e-16
- Multiplication cmul 2e-17 2e-16
- Division cdiv 5e-17 4e-16
- Absolute value cabs 3e-17 2e-16
- Square root sqrt 3e-17 2e-16
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- Complex Exponential and Trigonometric
- Exponential cexp 4e-17 3e-16
- Logarithm clog 9e-17 7e-16
- Cosine ccos 5e-17 4e-16
- Arc cosine cacos 2e-15 1e-14
- Sine csin 5e-17 4e-16
- Arc sine casin 2e-15 2e-14
- Tangent ctan 7e-17 6e-16
- Arc tangent catan 1e-16 4e-16
- Cotangent ccot 7e-17 5e-16
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- A: absolute error; others are relative error (i.e., % of reading)
-
- Copyright 1987 by Stephen L. Moshier
-
- Release 1.0: July, 1984
- Release 1.1: March, 1985
- Release 1.2: May, 1986
- Release 2.0: April, 1987
-