DVIPS
Section: User Commands (1)
Updated: 16 July 1987
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NAME
dvips - convert a TeX dvi file to PostScript (PostScript is a
trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.)
SYNOPSIS
dvips
[
-c
num
]
[
-d
num
]
[
-f
]
[
-h
file
]
[
-m
]
[
-n
num
]
[
-o
file
]
[
-p
num
]
[
-q
]
[
-r
]
[
-s
str
]
[
-t
modename
]
[
-C
num
]
[
-D
num
]
[
-N
]
[
-Z
]
[
-?
]
file[.dvi]
DESCRIPTION
dvips
is a program that converts a
dvi
file
file[.dvi]
produced by TeX and converts it to PostScript,
and writes the result to
file[.ps].
The result requires a small amount of
PostScript source to precede it, before it can be successfully printed.
By default, that PostScript code is prepended to the output.
If no file
is specified in the command line, the dvi file is read from the standard
input stream.
The dvi file may be specified without the
.dvi
extension.
If the
MakeTeXPK
program is installed,
dvips
will automatically generate fonts that don't already exit.
OPTIONS
The
file[.dvi]
argument is optional.
Other arguments are:
- -c num
-
Generate
num
copies.
Default is 1.
- -d num
-
Set the debug flag.
Usually should not be used by normal users.
This will only work if
dvips
has been compiled with the DEBUG option.
See the file
debug.h
in the sources to see what the values of
num
can be.
- -f
-
Run as a filter.
Read the dvi file from standard input and write the PostScript to
standard output.
- -h name
-
Use file
name
as an additional header file.
- -m
-
Sepcify manual feed for printer.
- -n num
-
num
pages will be printed out.
Default is 100000.
- -o name
-
The output will be sent to file
name.
Default is
file.ps.
If the first character of the file name is an exclamation mark, then
the remainder will be used as an argument to popen; thus, specifying
!lpr as the output file will automatically queue the file.
- -p num
-
The first page printed will be the one numbered
num.
Default is 1.
- -q
-
Run in quiet mode.
Don't chatter about pages converted, etc.; only report errors to stderr.
- -r
-
Stack pages in reverse order.
Normally, page one will be printed first.
- -t modename
-
This sets the mode to modename.
Currently, the only modes allowable are:
letter, which selects letter size (image area of 8 by
10.92 inches on a 8.5 by 11 inch page),
a4, which selects a4 size,
note, which selects note size (image area of 7.69 by
10.16 inches centered on a 8.5 by 11 inch page) paper;
legal, which selects legal size (image area of 6.72 by
13 inches centered on a 8.5 by 14 inch page) paper;
landscape, which rotates
a letter size (image area of 8 by 10.92 inches on a 8.5 by 11
inch page) document by ninety degrees.
The default mode is letter.
- -C num
-
Create
num
copies, but collated.
Slower than the
-c
option, but easier on the humans.
- -D num
-
Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to
num.
- -N
-
Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on some systems
that try to interpret the comments in weird ways.
- -Z
-
Enables the downloading of compressed fonts.
Useful at high resolutions.
- -?
-
Print out the banner identifying the program.
CONFIG FILE OPTIONS
The config file can be used to set many of the options to configure
dvips
for a particular site.
These will probably be set by the installer so normal users can skip
this section.
The config file is usually called
config.ps
in the prologue directory.
If the initial
character is a space, an asterisk, a pound sign, or a semicolon,
the line is ignored.
If the initial character, for example, is an "o",
the remainder of the line is considered to be the default file output
name (e.g. /dev/lpr).
The options are:
- D num
-
Sets the resolution to
num
dots per inch (dpi).
- m num
-
num
is the memory allocated to fonts in the printer.
Default is 900000.
- o name
-
The default output file is set to
name.
- t path
-
The path to search for the tfm files is
path.
The TEXFONTS environment variable will override this.
- p path
-
The path to search for the font files is
path.
The TEXPKS environment variable will override this.
- r
-
Default to reversing the pages.
- q
-
Run in quiet mode by default.
- f
-
Run as a filter by default.
- h name
-
Add
name
as a header file to be downloaded at the beginning.
PostScript Font Support
Most users need not concern themselves with installation instructions
in this section, but will need to read this if they want to use
PostScript fonts in TeX.
This version of dvips also supports PostScript fonts.
You need tfm files for the fonts;
the program
afm2tfm
will create them as follows:
afm2tfm Times-Roman.afm Times-Roman.tfm
and the
tfm's
should be placed in the same directory as the other tfm's (usually
/usr/lib/tex/fonts/tfm).
(The most common ones are in the tfm directory.)
You may also want to add a line to
psfonts.map
like the following:
Times-Roman
to tell the PostScript driver that it has a PostScript font to
play with.
(A sample list is in psfonts.map.)
Also, the supplied
texps.ps
file should be placed in the
prologue directory.
To use the font, simply:
\font\myfont=Times-Roman % scaled, or at, or whatever.
\myfont
Hello, I am being typeset in Times-Roman.
Note that the font name
must
be specified in the correct case,
with the correct hyphens, both in
the config file
and in your TeX document---otherwise things won't work.
These fonts can be scaled to any size.
Go wild!
Note that even though the PostScript fonts are built into the
printer, using them takes up VM and takes time.
You may find
downloading the computer modern fonts to be faster than using
the built-in PostScript fonts!
So, if you start running out of memory for your Linotronic jobs,
you might consider using PostScript fonts.
Some people even think they look better.
Note:
Helvetica-Narrow style fonts won't work---these fonts are
brain-damaged somehow, in that the width entries in the `Metrics'
dictionary are scaled wrong.
\special OPTIONS
This dvi driver allows the inclusion of PostScript
to be inserted in a TeX file via TeX's \special command.
The format of the \special command is as follows:
\special{psfile="filename"}
\special{psfile="filename"[ key=value]*}
The first form will download the PostScript file called
filename
such that the current point will be the origin of the PostScript
co-ordinate system.
The second form is a generalization of the first in which you are
allowed to specify transformations on the PostScript in the file
filename.
After the filename, you are allowed to enter, in any order,
key=value
pairs separated by spaces.
The possible keys are:
psfile The PostScript file to include
hoffset The horizontal offset
voffset The vertical offset
hsize The horizontal clipping size
vsize The vertical clipping size
hscale The horizontal scaling factor
vscale The vertical scaling factor
angle The rotation
The hoffset, voffset, hsize, and vsize are given in PostScript units
(1/72 of an inch).
The hscale and vscale are given in non-dimensioned percentage units, and the
rotate value is specified in degrees counterclockwise.
Thus
\special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90}
will shift the graphics produced by file
foo.ps
right by 1", and will
draw it at 0.9 normal size.
Hsize and vsize are given relative to the
(0,0) point of the drawing and are unaffected by offsets and scales.
Offsets are given relative to the point of the \special command, and are
unaffected by scales.
If the file contains
Encapsulated Post Script
(EPS) commands, then it is possible to use a simpler
\special
command that will automatically reserve the required space.
To use, simply
\input epsf
\espffile{filename.ps}
A
vbox
of the appropriate size for the bounding box will be built.
By default, the graphic will have its `natural' width.
If you wish to set the graphic at a different width,
simply set the dimension `\epsfxsize'
to something else, such as `\hsize', and all will be well.
This vbox can be centered with \centerline, or treated as any other vbox.
If the bounding box is not found, a bounding box of `72 0 540 324' is
assumed.
If the PostScript file to be included is not EPSF, it is
recommended that the
psfile
special be used instead.
Literal specials include text in the TeX document literally into the
output PostScript file, and are intended for those whose favorite
graphics language is raw PostScript.
\special{" text}
includes
text
literally in the output PostScript document,
after positioning correctly, opening the special library,
and reverting to the PostScript convention of 72 units=1in.
By positioning correctly, what is meant is that the origin is translated
to the current page position.
\special{! text}
includes
text
literally in the prologue, putting
definitions in the special library; good for definitions you intend
to use with the above Note that such specials will always
be included in the prologue, independent of which pages are selected to
print or what page such specials might be found on.
This allows correct printing of selected pages,
even when literal PostScript definitions are used.
The
\special{landscape}
command may be used to set the whole document in landscape mode.
For this to work correctly, this command must be early enough in the
document.
Also see the
-M
option.
The
\special{header=
filename}
command may be used to add
filename
as a header file (i.e a file that will be downloaded before the
start of processing).
This is usually used for Macintosh header files.
Also see the
-h
option.
FILES
These are usually system dependent, but look at:
the prologue dir /usr/lib/tex/ps
the tfm dir /usr/lib/tex/fonts/tfm
the font dir /usr/lib/tex/fonts/pk
SEE ALSO
mf(1), tex(1), lpr(1)
BUGS
Rejects any file with the string "IBM" in it.
This is considered to be a feature by some.
AUTHOR
Tomas Rokicki <rokicki@polya.stanford.edu>
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- OPTIONS
-
- CONFIG FILE OPTIONS
-
- PostScript Font Support
-
- \special OPTIONS
-
- FILES
-
- SEE ALSO
-
- BUGS
-
- AUTHOR
-
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Time: 01:00:25 GMT, September 26, 2024