5. A house

The following model is not warranted by an architect – it was designed for tutorial purposes only <smile>. To build this house, we will start with the walls, then add the roof.
	The carpentry is very simple – there is only a main beam and some rafters. Later, we will see how to design tiles to protect our home against the rain.

The walls

Þ Step 1: Set the preferences

q Do it: In the menu Edit/Preferences/Units choose centimeters with 2 decimal places.

Þ Step 2: Drawing

q Tool: Drawing tool, Rectangle q Do it: 1. Face view, then top view (keys 2, then 5). 2. With the Rectangle tool, draw a 800x500 cm rectangle. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Drawing/Rectangle

Þ Step 3: Extrude the walls

q Tool: Sweep q Open the model file: m01 q Do it: 1. Face view (key 2). 2. Select the Sweep tool. 3. With the spacebar, constrain cursor movement to the vertical axis. 4. Sweep toward the top, to a value of 300 cm. 5. Don’t click the ends (in red) because you don’t want to close them. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Sweeping, User Manual/Tools/Assistant Palette/Cursor movement and positioning constraints

Þ Step 4: Wall thickness

q Tool: Thickness q Open the model file: m02 q Do it: Select the Thickness tool. Specify a thickness value (20 cm) inside the house. (Press the spacebar if necessary to change the thickness direction.) q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Modeling/Thickness, User Manual/Tools/Assistant Palette/Cursor movement and positioning constraints

Þ Step 5: Measurements

q Tool: Measure q Open the model file: m03 q Do it: 1. Select Measures. 2. Verify that the length of the large wall is 760 cm (interior dimension) and 800 cm (exterior dimension). 3. Click in the black hole to suppress display of the dimensions. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Control Panel/Measurements

The peaks

Þ Step 1: Draw the rectangle of the base

q Tool: Drawing tool, Rectangle q Open the model file: m04 q Do it: 1. Side view (key 4). 2. Select the Rectangle tool. 3. Apply a constraint using the Shift key on the top left corner of the house. 4. Draw a rectangle, 500 cm wide by 150 cm high. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Drawing /Rectangle, User Manual/Tools/Assistant Palette/Cursor movement and positioning constraints

Þ Step 2: Change the rectangle into a triangle

q Tool: Weld q Open the model file: m04 q Do it: 1. Select the Weld tool. 2. Weld the two top corners of the rectangle. The result is a triangle. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Welding

Þ Step 3: Make a triangular surface

q Tool: Surface extract q Open the model file: m05 q Do it: 1. Be sure that the triangle is the current object. 2. Select the Surface Extract tool. 3. Press the Enter key. 4. Put aside the tool. If you press the Enter key, the scene is rendered and you will see the generated face. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Facet extraction

Þ Step 4: Give thickness to the peaks

q Tool: Thickness q Open the model file: m06a q Do it: 1. Face view (key 2). 2. Select the Thickness tool. 3. The thickness appears on the triangle face. 4. Enter the value: 20 cm. 5. If necessary, press the spacebar to change the thickness direction. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Modeling/Thickness

Þ Step 5: Make 2nd peak (1st method: Duplicate)

q Tool: Duplicate q Open the model file: m06b q Do it: 1. Face view (key 2). 2. Select the Duplicate tool. 3. Apply a horizontal constraint (spacebar) and a move of 780 cm (the house’s length – the wall thickness). q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Duplicate, User Manual/Tools/Assistant Palette/Cursor movement and positioning constraints

Þ Step 5a: Make 2nd peak (2nd method: Snap + Control)

q Tool: Snap (+ Control) q Open the model file: m06b q Do it: 1. Face view (key 2). 2. Hold down the Control key and select the Snap tool. This will make a copy of the current object. 3. Click a point on the base of the triangle and click the point on the other wall where the copy should be placed. This makes a copy of the current object and snaps it on to another object. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Snap

Þ Step 5b: Weld the peaks with the walls

q Tool: Weld q Open the model file: m06c q Do it: Weld together the walls and the peaks. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Welding

The main beam

Þ Step 1: Draw the section

q Tool: Drawing tool, Rectangle q Open the model file: m07 q Do it: 1. Side view (key 4). 2. Select the Rectangle tool. 3. Draw a rectangle, 15x30 cm. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Drawing /Rectangle

Þ Step 2: Place the section on the top of the peak

q Tool: Snap q Open the model file: m08 q Do it: 1. Side view (key 4). 2. Select the Snap tool. 3. Place the center of gravity of the rectangle on the top of the roof. (Use the Zoom and Perspective functions if necessary.) q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Snap, User Manual/Tools/Control Panel/The Views, User Manual/Tools/Control Panel/Perspective

Þ Step 3: Offset the beam

q Tool: Move q Open the model file: m08 q Do it: 1. Face view (key 2). 2. Select the Move Tool. 3. Move the rectangle by 50 cm toward the left (-50) with a horizontal axis constraint to avoid any other offsets. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Move, User Manual/Tools/Assistant Palette/Cursor movement and positioning constraints

Þ Step 4: Extrude the beam

q Tool: Sweep q Open the model file: m09 q Do it: 1. Select the Sweep tool. 2. Extrude the rectangle toward the right with a 900 cm value (with horizontal axis constraint) then click at each end (red) to close the beam. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Sweeping, User Manual/Tools/Assistant Palette/Cursor movement and positioning constraints

The rafters

Þ Step 1: Draw the base line

q Tools: 2D Drawing tool, Polyline q Open the model file: m10 q Do it: 3. Side view (key 4). 4. Unhide the triangle that was the base of the peak (Unhide). 5. Hide the house and the beam to make the scene less cluttered. 6. Select the 2D Drawing tool, Polyline. 7. Apply a constraint using the Shift key on the top of the triangle. Draw a line (use polar coordinates) 400 cm long with constraint (Control+Shift and click on the point) on the triangle base (release Control but hold Shift). 8. Hide the triangle. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Drawing tool/ Polylines, User Manual/Tools/Control Panel/Hide, Unhide, User Manual/Tools/Assistant Palette/Cursor movement and positioning constraints

Þ Step 2: Draw the rafter section

q Tools: Drawing tool, Rectangle q Do it: 1. Face view (key 2). 2. With the Rectangle tool, draw a rectangle, 8x20 cm. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Drawing tool/Rectangle

Þ Step 3: Make a half rafter

q Tool: Extrusion q Open the model file: m11 q Do it: 1. Be sure that the segment is the current object. 2. Select the Extrusion tool. 3. Click on the rafter’s section. 4. Then click both ends (red) to close the rafter. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Extrusion

Þ Step 4: Place the half rafter

q Tool: Snap q Do it: 1. Unhide the walls. 2. Select the Snap tool. 3. Snap the rafter’s base to the peak. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Snap

Þ Step 5: Mirror the half rafter

q Tool: Mirror 3D q Open the model file: m11 q Do it: Do a vertical mirror of this half rafter. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Symmetry

Þ Step 6: Weld the two half rafters

q Tool: Weld q Open the model file: m11 q Do it: 1. Weld the two half rafters together. 2. The first pair of rafters is finished. 3. Unhide the walls. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assemble/Welding, User Manual/Tools/Control Panel/Hide, Unhide

Þ Step 7: The series of rafters

q Tool: Duplicate q Open the model file: m13 q Do it: The length to be covered is: 800 – 8 (thickness of the first rafter) = 792 cm, If we add 9 rafters, the gap between them will be 792/9 = 88 cm. 1. Be sure that the first rafter is the current object. 2. Select the Duplicate tool. 3. Press the TAB key to enter the numerical values: 4. Number of objects: 10 + Enter. 5. X axis offset: 88 (Y and Z remain 0) + Enter. 6. Rotation: 0. 7. Press the Enter key to validate. The roof is covered by the rafters. 8. Unhide the beam. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Duplicate/Creating multiple copies, User Manual/Tools/Control Panel/Hide, Unhide

The tiles

Þ Step 1: Draw the construction curves

q Tools: Drawing tool, Rectangle, Arc, Polyline q Do it: You need to draw an arc (inside a 15x5 cm rectangle), followed by a horizontal 5 cm line segment. 1. With the Rectangle tool, draw a 15x5 cm rectangle. 2. Draw the arc: Apply a constraint (Shift) on the bottom left corner of the rectangle and click the right mouse button (Mac: Option+click) to begin the arc. Continue applying a constraint (Shift) and on the middle of the top side of the rectangle, click the right mouse button (Mac: Option+click) to set the arc tangent to the segment. Set the 3rd point of the arc on the bottom right corner of the rectangle and set the number of points to 7 (to avoid generating too many faces). 3. Without putting aside the Drawing tool, take the Polyline tool and end the curve with a 5 cm horizontal line segment. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Drawing, User Manual/Tools/Assistant Palette/Cursor movement and positioning constraints

Þ Step 2: Make the tile

q Tool: Sweep q Open the model file: m16a q Do it: 1. Take the Sweep tool to extrude the tile section with a 30 cm length. 2. Hide the rectangle. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/Sweeping, User Manual/Tools/Control Panel/Hide, Unhide

Þ Step 3: Touch up the tile

q Tool: scale q Open the model file: m16b q Do it: With the Scaling tool, select the points of the arc (only) at the rear side of the tile and reset the size from 15 to 12 cm. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Scale

Þ Step 4: Tile the roof

q Tool: Grid and Duplicate q Open the model file: m17 q Do it: Draw a 5x3 grid of cells to make a quick sample: 1. Grid tool: Draw a 5x3 cell grid (18x25 cm per cell). 2. Duplicate tool: Do a Multiple Copy. Make the tile the current object, and click on the grid. 3. The tiles are copied and arranged as if for a roof. To make one side of the roof, draw a 50x16 cell grid (900x400 cm) with 18x25 cm per cell, and make a multiple copy of the tile (800 tiles). This will make a file that is too bulky to be practical. For the final rendering, it would be better to use a texture map of a tile pattern, which would yield a much smaller file. q See the detailed explanations in the chapter: User Manual/Tools/Construction/3D Primitives/Grid, User Manual/Tools/Assembly/Duplicate