1.2567 Tq�K��45678931  Enter a descriptive name to be used to identify this        field of the database. A field name may be up to 10         characters long and must start with a letter. The           remaining characters may be letters (upper or lower         case), numbers, or underscores (_). A field name must be    a single word (i.e., it may not contain embedded            spaces).                                                    Enter one of the following single letter codes to           identify the type of data to be stored in this field:                                                                   C Character (Default type)              L Logical           N Numeric                               M Memo              D Date                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Enter the maximum number of characters to be stored in      this field. Character fields can be 1 to 254 characters     long.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Enter the maximum number of digits for the numbers that     will be stored in this field. Numeric fields can be 1 to    19 digits long, including one digit for the decimal         point. At most 17 digits may be to the left of the          decimal point.                                                                                                          Enter the maximum number of digits to appear to the         right of the decimal point in values stored in this         field. Since one space is reserved for the decimal point    and another for a minus sign, the number of decimals can    be no greater than two less the width of the field and      at most 15 places.                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Enter a descriptive title for this report. The title may    be from one to four lines in length and will be printed     at the top center of the report.                                                                                                                                                                                                                Enter the length in characters (printer columns) of the     lines you wish to print. Specifying a length greater        than the width of the paper causes lines to wrap to the     next line when printed. When calculating lengths, use 1"    equals 10 characters.                                                                                                                                                               Enter the width in characters (printer columns) of the      left margin of the printed report. The default setting      of 8 characters produces a margin of 4/5". Calculate        different margins using the standard value of 1" equals     10 characters.                                                                                                                                                                      Enter the number of characters of the specified line        length reserved for the report's right margin. The          default setting of 0 characters produces a margin of        1/2" with 80 character lines on 8 1/2" paper. Use 1"        equals 10 characters for calculations.                                                                                                                                              Enter the number of lines of print to appear on the each    page of the report. The default setting of 58 lines         produces reports with 9 2/3" of text on a page. When        calculating lines per page use the value 1" equals 6        lines.                                                                                                                                                                              Specify desired line spacing for the report. Entering N,    the default setting, produces a single spaced report.       Entering Y produces a double spaced report, with a blank    line between any two lines of text.                                                                                                                                                                                                             Specify format of the report. Entering N, the default       setting, results in a report with the report title, page    number, and date on each page. Entering Y specifies a       plain report, with no date or page numbers and the          report title only on the first page.                                                                                                                                                Specify the action to be taken by the printer when          printing begins. Entering Y causes a blank page to be       ejected (form feed) from the printer before printing        begins. Entering N causes printing to begin on the          current line.                                                                                                                                                                       Specify the action to be taken by the printer after         printing report. Entering Y causes a blank page to be       ejected (form feed) from the printer after printing of      the report is complete. Entering N causes printing to       terminate without a page eject.                                                                                                                                                     Enter the heading to appear at the top of this column on    the printed report. The heading may be any valid dBXL       expression having a length of up to the maximum line        length defined by the page width and page margins.                                                                                                                                                                                              Enter the expression to be displayed in this column.        Contents may be any valid dBXL expression (such as a        field name) having a length of up to the maximum line       length defined by the page width and page margins.                                                                                                                                                                                              Enter the width of this column. By default, the column      width is the length of the expression displayed in it or    the length of the column heading, whichever is greater.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Enter the text for the heading to appear at the begin-      ning of each group.  The heading will be printed each       time the group's expression value changes.                                                                                                                                                                                                      Enter the expression by which to organize report            contents into groups.  The group expression should be       the key expression of an open index file or a field on      which the database is sorted.                                                                                                                                                       Specify the amount of detail to be included in the final    report. Entering N, the default setting, includes all       information in the report. Entering Y specifies a           summary report, containing only the group headings and      the totals for any numeric expressions within each          group.                                                                                                                  Specify the action to be taken by the printer after         printing each group. Entering N, the default setting,       causes printing of each group to terminate without a        page eject (form feed). Entering Y causes a blank page      to be ejected after the printing of each group is           complete.                                                                                                                                                                           Enter the text for the heading to appear at the begin-      ning of each subgroup.  The subgroup heading will be        printed each time the subgroup's expression value           changes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Enter the expression by which to organize report            contents into subgroups.  The subgroup expression should    be the key expression of an open index file or a field      on which the database is sorted.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Press <� to indicate that you wish to edit the contents     of the column whose contents is highlighted.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Enter a comment to attach to this label form. Comments      are not printed with the labels but are useful for          recording the names of the database and indexes to be       used with this report form.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Enter a descriptive name for this file. A filename can      be up to eight characters long. It should start with a      letter of the alphabet and may not include any spaces.                                                                                                                                                                                          Enter the width in characters (printer columns) of the      left margin of the printed report. The default setting      of 10 columns produces a margin of approximately 1".        Calculate different margins using the standard value of     1" equals 10 characters.                                                                                                                                                            Enter the number of lines that separate one label from      the next label below it. The default setting of 3 is        equivalent to 1/2". Calculate different spacing using       the standard value 1" equals 6 lines.                                                                                                                                                                                                           Enter the number of labels (from 1 to 5) that are           arranged side by side across the label form being used      for printing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Enter the amount of space in characters (printer            columns) between two labels on the same row. Calculate      different spacing using the standard value of 1" equals     10 characters.                                                                                                                                                                      Enter the name of an existing index file for the active     database. If an index file exists with the same name as     that of the active database, dBXL offers this name as a     default. If not, the input area is blank. Press <� to       accept the default, or enter the name of a different        existing index.                                                                                                         Enter a name for this index file. dBXL offers a default     name which is the same as the database name. Press <� to    accept the default or enter a different name. An index      filename can be up to eight characters long. It should      start with a letter of the alphabet and may not include     any spaces.                                                                                                                                                                         Enter a value of the field on which the active database     is indexed. dBXL will search the index for that value,      and highlight the first record in index order whose         field contains that value.                                                                                                                                                          Enter the expression to be printed on this line of the      label. Contents may be any valid dBXL expression (such      as a field name) having a length of up to the maximum       line length specified by the label size and left margin.    (Ctrl-N inserts a new line; Ctrl-U deletes the current      line.)                                                                                                                  Enter field value(s) for which to search the records of     the active database. Type value(s) in one or more of the    fields of the record template. Then press <� at the end     of the last field, or Pg Dn in any field. dBXL will         highlight the first record whose field(s) correspond to     the value(s) you enter.                                                                                                                                                             Enter an expression to compare to the contents of the       field you specified. The type of comparison is              determined by the operator you specified. dBXL will         display only records that meet the resulting condition.                                                                                                                                                                                         Specify the format for date display. The choices and        corresponding formats are:                                  AMERICAN       MM/DD/YY            FRENCH    DD/MM/YY       ANSI           YY.MM.DD            GERMAN    DD.MM.YY       BRITISH        DD/MM/YY            ITALIAN   DD-MM-YY                                                                                                                               Specify the number of decimals to be displayed in the       results of division, exponentiation, EXP(), LOG(), and      SQRT(). The default is 2. If SET FIXED is ON, all           numeric values are displayed with the number of decimal     places specified by SET DECIMALS.                                                                                                                                                   Enter the characters you want displayed on either end of    input areas. The default character is a colon. If you       enter two characters, the first marks the start of the      input area and the second the end. Delimiters are only      displayed if SET DELIMITERS is ON.                                                                                                                                                  Indicate the number of commands stored in History,          dBXL's internal record of recently executed commands.       The default setting is 16 commands.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Enter the width in characters (printer columns) of the      left margin of printed output. Calculate different          margins using the standard value of 1" equals 10            characters.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     This command establishes the length of the line for         displaying memo fields. You can enter a number from 8 to    255 or accept the default value of 50. This value           affects the DISPLAY, LIST, ?, and ?? commands.                                                                                                                                                                                                  This command resets the system time. Enter a new time in    the format HH:MM:SS. If you temporarily alter the system    time, remember to reset it to the current time before       exiting dBXL.                                                                                                                                                                       Enter a name for the alternate file in which all output     and input (except full screen editing displays such as      APPEND) will be recorded. To start recording, SET           ALTERNATE ON (see Toggle commands). When finished, close    the alternate file with CLOSE ALTERNATE or SET ALTERNATE    TO with no filename.                                                                                                    Enter the name of the format file you wish to open or       press <� to see a list of format files on the current       directory. Format files are custom data entry and           display screens you create using MODIFY COMMAND or          another text editor. See the tutorial for more              information.                                                                                                            Enter the name of the index file you wish to open for       the current database. Press <� to see a list of index       files on the current directory. The first index you         select controls the ordering of the database. Additional    indexes may be selected so that they are updated to         reflect modifications made to the database.                                                                                                                                         Enter the command or expression you want to assign to       this function key. The expression may be a maximum of 30    characters. A semicolon after the expression is             equivalent to pressing the <� key.                                                                                                                                                                                                              Enter an expression against which dBXL will evaluate the    specified field of the database. Enclose character          expressions in quotation marks. Enter numeric               expressions without quotes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Specify a new default drive. The default drive receives     newly created files and is the first place dBXL searches    for requested files. If you want several directories        searched for requested files, see SET PATH TO <path>.                                                                                                                                                                                           Enter an expression against which dBXL will evaluate the    specified field of the database, or accept the offered      default (the current system date) by pressing <�. The       entered expression must be a valid date in the format       MM/DD/YY.                                                                                                               Indicate by line number where you want parentheses          placed. An open parenthesis (() will appear in front of     the Start line. A close parenthesis ()) will appear         after the End line. These parentheses specify the order     in which dBXL evaluates the condition clauses. Lines        enclosed by parentheses are evaluated first.                                                                            Indicate by line number where you want parentheses          removed. The open parenthesis (() will be removed from      the Start line, and the close parenthesis ()) will be       removed from the End line. This changes the order in        which dBXL evaluates the condition clauses. Lines           enclosed by parentheses are evaluated first.                                                                                                                                        Press <� to accept the default query filespec (an           extended filename consisting of a drive letter, path        with directory name(s), filename, and file extension).      If you want to change the filespec, overtype the default    and then press <�.                                                                                                                                                                  Reset the system date to a new date. If you change the      system date from the current date, it is good practice      to reset it to the current date before exiting dBXL. In     this way, the changes you make will not interfere with      system records or disk backups.                                                                                         Enter a path by which dBXL can search for files not on      the current directory. For example, if dBXL is in the       C:\DBXL directory and your databases are in the             C:\DBXL\DATA subdirectory, enter the search path            C:\DBXL\DATA. More than one path may be specified by        separating the paths with commas or semicolons.                                                                                                                                     Enter a new width (in characters) for the selected          label. The number displayed is the standard for the type    of label you have chosen. The number of labels across       times the width of each label (plus the total number of     spaces between labels) cannot exceed 250.                                                                                                                                           Enter a new label height (in lines) for the selected        label. The number displayed is the standard for the type    of label you have chosen. The number of lines you           specify must be in the range of 1 to 16.                                                                                                                                            Enter a character expression that indicates what data       each pie slice represents. A Slice is typically a field     name (e.g., Lastname). The pie will be sliced into the      same number of pieces as up to 40 records that contain      that character expression in the active database. The       Slice expression is used to label categories in the pie     chart legend.                                               Enter a numeric expression (typically a field name) that    indicates the size of each pie slice relative to the        entire pie. Size defines the field or expression to be      graphed that corresponds to the expression entered in       Slices. For example, if Name is specified for Slices and    Salary is specified for Size, the pie chart will be         divided into slices according to Salary for each Name.      Enter a logical expression to specify whether certain       pie slices will be separated from each other or joined      in a contiguous circle. If the expression evaluates to      .T. for a given record, that record's slice is              separated; if .F., the slice remains connected. The         default for Explode is .F.; if you do not enter an          expression, the pie remains a contiguous circle.            Enter a character or numeric expression that defines        values along the X axis. If a character expression,         values are ordered according to the database's index (if    any). If numeric, values are placed in ascending order.     The values of X Field become labels for units along the     X axis. Each value represents a record. Up to 40 records    can be graphed along the X axis.                            Enter the names of up to five fields or expressions         that define values along the Y axis. A Y field must be      numeric. One Y expression provides a single value for       each point along the X axis (i.e., for each of up to 40     records). A second Y expression provides a second value     for each X value. The numeric expression that you enter     becomes the legend label for the graph.                                                                                 Enter a title to display above the graph. The title can     be up to 79 characters, and is centered.                                                                                As you enter a title that extends beyond the input          window display area, your text scrolls to the left.                                                                                                                                                                                               Enter a title to be centered below the graph. The           footnote title can be up to 79 characters.                                                                                                                                                                                                    Enter a title to label the X axis of the graph. The         title can be up to 79 characters, and is centered below     the X axis.                                                                                                             This title should describe the field or expression          whose values are graphed along the X axis.                                                                              Enter a title to label the Y axis of the graph. The         title, which is vertically centered to the left of the      Y axis, can be up to 22 characters on a computer with       a Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) and up to 38 characters      on a computer with an Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA).      The Y title should describe the units in which the Y        values are measured (for example hours or dollars).         Enter Y to locate the first record with a value that is     phonetically equivalent to (sounds like) the value you      entered. A SOUNDEX locate does not require an exact         spelling, only a spelling that sounds similar. For          example, if you enter Diane, a SOUNDEX locate will also     look for Dianne and Dyann.                                  Enter N to return to the INTRO menu.                        Enter the letter corresponding to the default drive on      which dBXL will search for and store all files.                                                                         If you specify a filename with a drive specifier, that      drive is used. If you specify a filename without a drive    specifier, the default drive is used.                                                                                   Enter the drive and directory path(s) on which dBXL will    search for files, after it searches the current direc-      tory. A path is: a drive specifier (if a drive other        than the current one is to be searched), followed by a      colon, a backslash, and directory names separated by        backslashes. You can specify more than one path, sepa-      rated by commas or semicolons.                              Error message: Error creating file                                                                                      Description: dBXL is having trouble creating a file.        Although this problem is reported as a dBXL error, often    it is caused by the system configuration. Please see the    Installation section of the manual for further details.                                                                 Error message: Error opening file                                                                                       Description: dBXL can not open the file ||||||||||.         This means that DOS does not have enough memory to open     the files dBXL needs. Check that a CONFIG.SYS file          containing the line FILES=20 is on the main directory of    your computer's boot disk.                                  Error message: Error closing file                                                                                       Description: dBXL is having trouble writing a file to       disk. Although this problem is reported as a dBXL           internal error, often it is caused by the system            configuration. Check your CONFIG.SYS file and your disk     space.                                                      Error message: Error reading file                                                                                       Description: dBXL encountered difficulties while reading    a file from a disk. Although this problem is reported as    a dBXL internal error, often it is caused by the system     configuration. Check your CONFIG.SYS file.                                                                              Error message: Error writing file                                                                                       Description: dBXL encountered difficulty writing a file     to disk. Although this problem is reported as a dBXL        internal error, often it is caused by the system            configuration or insufficient disk space. Check your        CONFIG.SYS and your disk space.                             Error message: Error positioning in file                                                                                Description: dBXL encountered difficulty while moving       within a file. Although this problem is reported as a       dBXL internal error, often it is caused by the system       configuration. Check your CONFIG.SYS file.                                                                              Error message: Bad field name                                                                                           Description: The field identifier ||||||||||                is not allowed. Field names can be no longer than 10        characters and must start with a letter. The rest of the    name may consist of numbers, letters, colons, and           underscores. Spaces are not allowed within a field name.    Error message: Bad field type                                                                                           Description: The field ||||||||||                           does not match the data type appropriate in this            context. A field must always be compared to, and            replaced with, data of the same type.                                                                                   Error message: Record out of range                                                                                      Description: You have tried to access a record not in       the database. You may have specified a record number        larger than the number of records in the file, or tried     to SKIP past BOF or EOF. If you are using an index file,    it may need rebuilding.                                     Error message: Not a valid dBXL/dBASE III Plus database                                                                 Description: dBXL tried to open ||||||||||                  which is not a valid dBXL database file. dBXL can only      use files that have been created by means of the CREATE     or COPY commands of dBXL or dBASE.                                                                                      Error message: No such record in index                                                                                  Description: The current database record does not exist     in the index file, or the index file key does not match     the key in the database. This index file either was         never intended to be used with this file or needs           updating. In the latter case, REINDEX the file.             Error message: Illegal key                                                                                              Description: An index key expression, ||||||||||            was encountered which is not a valid key type. An index     key expression must evaluate to character or numeric        type, and may be any valid dBXL expression no more than     100 characters long.                                        Error message: No database in USE in area                                                                               Description: You have used a command which requires an      open database. Perhaps the intended database is open in     another work area. Check your work areas, and make sure     that a database is opened in this area.                                                                                 Error message: No index file in use in area                                                                             Description: There is no index file open in the work        area. Some commands such as FIND or SEEK require the        database file to be indexed. You can create an index        file using the INDEX ON command, and activate an            existing index with the SET INDEX TO command.                                                                           Error message: CREATE would result in too many fields                                                                   Description: You attempted to create a database that        would have more than the maximum number of fields           allowed, 128 for dBXL/dBASE III Plus(TM) databases.                                                                     Error message: CREATE would result in too large record      size                                                                                                                    Description: You attempted to create a database that        would have a record that exceeds the maximum size of        4000 bytes.                                                                                                             Error message: Index sync error                                                                                         Description: The index file you are using does not match    its corresponding database. This index file either was      never intended to be used with this database or needs       updating. In the latter case, REINDEX the file.                                                                                                                                     Error message: Maximum allowed number of records reached                                                                Description: The database you are currently using has       reached its storage capacity of 1 billion records.                                                                                                                                  Error message: Field not found                                                                                          Description: You tried to access the field ||||||||||       which does not exist in the current or alias-referenced     database. Check your spelling and the database              specification.                                                                                                          Error message: Unable to rename file                                                                                    Description: The name you specified for a file either is    invalid or is already in use by another file. Check that    you entered a valid DOS filename. If it is valid, and       you still want to use that name, before renaming the        file, remove the existing file of the same name.            Error message: Not enough memory                                                                                        Description: dBXL was unable to allocate enough memory      in which to operate. If your system has enough total        memory to run dBXL, check that you have not reduced that    total below the amount required by dBXL (by loading         memory-resident programs, for example).                     Error message: Mode error in forming file name                                                                          Description: dBXL was given a filename, ||||||||||          which is not a legal DOS filename. Legal DOS filenames      consist of an optional drive, an optional path, up to       eight characters, and an extension. They may not contain    special punctuation like * or ?.                            Error message: Illegal work area number or alias                                                                        Description: The work area specifier ||||||||||             is not valid or is undefined. Valid work area numbers       are 1-10. Alias names may be up to ten characters; A-J      are automatically assigned. Make sure the file an alias     refers to has not been closed or the alias changed.         Error message: Filename space exhausted                                                                                 Description: The names of all files currently active        under dBXL, when combined, exceed the the number of         characters dBXL reserves to store filenames. Note that      path and drive specifications are part of a filename.       Shorten the names of your files or close some files.        Error message: Cyclic RELATION not allowed                                                                              Description: The SET RELATION command can be used to        chain together many work areas by relating fields.          However, you may not chain files in a circle, relating      one file to a file already in the chain. This message       indicates such an attempt.                                  Error message: Illegal RELATION expression                                                                              Description: The SET RELATION expression ||||||||||         is not valid. A dBXL relation expression must consist of    a legitimate dBXL expression. Also, the relation            expression type must match that of the index key (which     is considered to be record number if no index is open).                                                                 Error message: Too many RELATIONs in this chain                                                                         Description: A relation chain may link no more than 6       files.                                                                                                                                                                              Error message: File does not exist                                                                                      Description: dBXL cannot find the file ||||||||||           and presumes it does not exist. Check your spelling.        Also, check the settings of any SET PATH commands, SET      DEFAULT commands, or SET DBF/NDX commands.                                                                              Error message: File currently open                                                                                      Description: You are trying to open a file that is          already open in another work area. Before you can open      this file, it must be closed in the other work area, or     the SET MULTIPLE command must be used.                                                                                                                                              Error message: Not a valid label file                                                                                   Description: dBXL attempted to open ||||||||||              which is not a valid dBXL label file. Label files can       only be created using the CREATE LABEL command.                                                                         Error message: Feature not currently implemented                                                                        Description: You entered a command or function that is      not supported in your version of dBXL. Check with           WordTech Systems concerning the latest release number       and upgrade policies.                                                                                                                                                               Error message: Command too large                                                                                        Description: Your command exceeds the maximum dBXL          command line length of 254 characters.                                                                                                                                              Error message: Unrecognized command verb                                                                                Description: The keyword given dBXL, ||||||||||             is not a valid command, assignment statement, or number.    Please check your syntax, checking spelling if              necessary. Note that almost all keywords are normally       separated by a space.                                       Error message: Unable to execute DOS                                                                                    Description: The dBXL command DOS requires the presence     of the COMMAND.COM file. This file should be located in     the current directory or on a directory specified in the    PATH command of DOS when the computer is booted.                                                                                                                                    Error message: Expression expected                                                                                      Description: dBXL was given a keyword which requires an     expression to immediately follow it on the command line.    Complete your command.                                                                                                                                                              Error message: Expression too large                                                                                     Description: The specified expression is too large to       fit in the memory reserved by dBXL for expressions. Try     breaking it up into two separate expressions.                                                                           Error message: Attempt to divide by zero                                                                                Description: Arithmetic computations which contain          division by a zero are not allowed in dBXL. If your         divisor is defined with memory variables, check your        variable contents and initialization.                                                                                                                                               Error message: Too few arguments                                                                                        Description: This function needs at least ||||||||||        arguments. Please check the manual for information about    which arguments this function requires.                                                                                                                                             Error message: Too many arguments                                                                                       Description: You may not use more than ||||||||||           arguments with this function. Please consult the manual     to see which arguments are unnecessary.                                                                                 Error message: Unknown function                                                                                         Description: dBXL encountered a function, ||||||||||        which it does not recognize. Note that any word followed    immediately by an open parentheses [(] is presumed to be    a function reference. Check your spelling.                                                                              Error message: Maximum number of LOADed BIN files           exceeded                                                                                                                Description: You have attempted to load more than the       maximum number of binary files allowable. A maximum of      ten BIN files may be loaded at one time. Use RELEASE        MODULE to remove unneeded binary modules from memory.       Error message: Invalid logical constant                                                                                 Description: A logical constant is delimited by a           leading and trailing period. To indicate TRUE, the valid    logical constants are: .T., .t., .Y., and .y.. To           indicate FALSE, the valid logical constants are: .F.,       .f., .N., and .n..                                          Error message: Unterminated string                                                                                      Description: dBXL requires that character strings have      an opening and closing delimiter. Valid delimiters are      'single quotes', "double quotes", or [square brackets].     Delimiters must be used in pairs, one before and one        after the string.                                                                                                       Error message: Unbalanced parentheses                                                                                   Description: dBXL requires an equal number of left and      right parentheses in any expression.                                                                                                                                                                                                            Error message: Syntax error                                                                                             Description: The specified command is incorrect. Consult    the manual for the correct syntax for this command.                                                                                                                                                                                             Error message: Syntax error in relational operator                                                                      Description: You have incorrectly used one or a             combination of the relational operators >, <, <>, and =.    Check the dBXL manual for correct usage.                                                                                                                                            Error message: Syntax error in arithmetic operator                                                                      Description: You have incorrectly used one or a             combination of the arithmetic operators +, -, *, /, **,     and ^. Please check the dBXL manual for correct usage.                                                                  Error message: Syntax error in logical operator                                                                         Description: The specified logical expression has an        incorrect usage of one or more of the logical operators     .AND., .NOT., or .OR.. Please consult the dBXL manual       for correct usage.                                                                                                                                                                  Error message: Something missing - expecting: ||||||||||                                                                Description: A command is missing a required element.       From the context, that element is most likely the one       mentioned above.                                                                                                                                                                    Error message: Unknown keyword                                                                                          Description: dBXL has encountered the word ||||||||||       which is not a valid dBXL keyword. Check your spelling      and the syntax of the command you have entered.                                                                         Error message: Data type mismatch                                                                                       Description: You have combined two or more data types       improperly. Data types must always operate with like        data types. For example, numeric data must be compared,     operated, and manipulated with other numeric data.                                                                      Error message: Unrecognized SET command                                                                                 Description: The word immediately following the word        "SET" is not a valid SET command. Check the spelling of     the word, or consult the list of valid SET commands in      the dBXL manual.                                                                                                        Error message: Out of range                                                                                             Description: The value that would result from this oper-    ation would be beyond the range acceptable under dBXL.      Simplify your expression or break it into parts so that     when evaluated, no part exceeds the limits for numeric      or character data.                                          Error message: First character of memory variable must      be a letter                                                                                                             Description: The specified name, ||||||||||                 which dBXL assumes refers to a memory variable, is          invalid. Variable names begin with a letter and can         contain letters, numbers, and underscores but no spaces.    Error message: Invalid character in memory variable name                                                                Description: The specified name, ||||||||||                 which dBXL assumes refers to a memory variable, is          invalid. Variable names begin with a letter and can         contain letters, numbers, colons, and underscores but no    spaces.                                                     Error message: Memory variable space exhausted                                                                          Description: You have exhausted the space reserved for      variables. The current allocated amount is ||||||||||       bytes. This allocation may be increased by altering the     CONFIG.XL file. Refer to the manual for details.                                                                        Error message: Variable name may not exceed ten             characters                                                                                                              Description: You gave dBXL a memory variable name longer    than ten characters. dBXL assumes that any character        string not beginning with a quotation mark is a memory      variable. Check your placement of quotation marks.          Error message: Variable undefined                                                                                       Description: dBXL has encountered the word ||||||||||       which it does not recognize but assumes is a memory         variable. Check spelling and variable initializations       (STORE command). dBXL assumes any character string not      beginning with a quotation mark is a memory variable.                                                                   Error message: Illegal Opcode                                                                                           Description: This message indicates a processing error      has been discovered. Please report the occurrence of        this message to WordTech Systems.                                                                                                                                                   Error message: File was not previously LOADed                                                                           Description: You have attempted to CALL a binary file       that was not previously loaded. Check the spelling of       the filename on the CALL command line.                                                                                  Error message: Wildcard characters '*' or '?' not           allowed in filenames                                                                                                    Description: dBXL's commands, COPY, ERASE, RENAME, and      DELETE FILE operate in a similar fashion to the             corresponding DOS commands. One restriction, however, is    that with the dBXL commands, wildcards are not allowed.                                                                 Error message: Field not found                                                                                          Description: dBXL cannot find the field ||||||||||          in the currently open databases. Check for incorrect        spelling or closed databases.                                                                                           Error message: Not enough memory for DOS                                                                                Description: dBXL's DOS command requires 32K of free RAM    beyond the normal memory requirements of dBXL. Make sure    that this extra memory space is available to dBXL and is    not occupied by memory-resident utilities or programs.                                                                  Error message: Insufficient memory                                                                                      Description: dBXL was unable to allocate enough memory      in which to operate. If your system has enough total        memory to run dBXL, check that you have not reduced that    total below the amount required by dBXL (by loading         memory resident programs, for example).                                                                                 Error message: Expression evaluator fault                                                                               Description: This message indicates an internal             processing error has been discovered. Please report the     occurrence of this message to WordTech Systems.                                                                         Error message: Out of screen memory                                                                                     Description: The memory dBXL reserves for screen display    has been exhausted. The most likely cause is too many       GETs between READ commands (use more READs). Other          likely causes are PICTURE statements taking up too much     memory, or HELP clauses occupying too much memory.          Error message: MEMO field not allowed here                                                                              Description: You have tried to use a memo field in an       inappropriate context. For example, memo fields cannot      be stored to memory variables, as in the following          example:                                                    STORE memo TO memvar                                        Error message: ENDIF encountered without preceding IF                                                                   Description: dBXL has encountered an ENDIF with no          previous matching IF. Even if an IF statement is            present, it must be executed before dBXL encounters its     matching ENDIF. Check also that the ENDIF was intended      for this location.                                                                                                      Error message: IF stack overflow                                                                                        Description: You have nested IF...ENDIF structures more     than 19 levels deep. Reduce the number of nested levels     and retry your program.                                                                                                 Error message: ENDDO encountered without preceding DO       WHILE                                                                                                                   Description: dBXL has found an ENDDO with no previous       matching DO WHILE. Even if a DO WHILE is present, it        must be executed before dBXL encounters its matching        ENDDO. Check that ENDDO was intended for this location.                                                                 Error message: WHILE stack overflow                                                                                     Description: You have nested DO WHILE...ENDDO structures    more than 14 levels deep. Reduce the number of nested       levels and retry your program.                                                                                          Error message: ENDCASE encountered without preceding        CASE                                                                                                                    Description: dBXL encountered an ENDCASE with no prior      matching CASE. If a CASE statement is present, it must      be executed before dBXL encounters its matching ENDCASE.    Check that the ENDCASE was intended for this location.                                                                  Error message: CASE stack overflow                                                                                      Description: You have nested CASE...ENDCASE structures      more than 20 levels deep. Reduce the number of nested       levels and retry your program.                                                                                                                                                      Error message: Only valid in program files                                                                              Description: The command you have used, ||||||||||          is valid only in program files and can not be used from     the dBXL prompt.                                                                                                        Error message: FILTER expression too large                                                                              Description: The space dBXL reserves for filter             expressions has been exhausted. All ten work areas share    the same space reserved for storing filter conditions.      Eliminating (or simplifying) a filter in any one of the     work areas should relieve this condition.                   Error message: WHILE expression too large                                                                               Description: The expression in a WHILE statement is too     large and must be shortened. You can also rewrite the       conditional structure as an IF structure that sets a        flag for a WHILE loop to check.                                                                                         Error message: ALIAS already in use                                                                                     Description: You have declared the alias ||||||||||         but it is already in use. This alias may be in use in       another work area, or a file with the same name as this     alias may already be open. You may also have tried to       declare one of the automatically assigned aliases, A-J.     Error message: Processing would create too large a          string                                                                                                                  Description: Character strings may be no longer than 254    characters. dBXL does not allow the evaluated result of     functions or operators to exceed this limit.                                                                            Error message: Emulation error                                                                                          Description: dBXL attempted to be compatible with           WordTech's Quicksilver compiler, but failed. This is an     internal consistency check error and should be reported     to WordTech Systems.                                                                                                    Error message: Unallowed keyword in command line                                                                        Description: You used a valid dBXL keyword in a context     in which it is not allowed. For example,                    STORE 1 TO memvar CLEAR                                     Although CLEAR is a valid keyword, it is not a valid        option of the STORE command. Check syntax and try again.    Error message: Error positioning cursor                                                                                 Description: dBXL is having trouble locating a              coordinate on the screen. dBXL might be improperly          installed or a dBXL windowing command may have limited      the 'logical screen,' causing an @...SAY...GET command      to fail. Check your installation and the dBXL manual.       Error message: Expression list size does not match          memory variable list size                                                                                               Description: Commands such as SUM require that these        lists have equal numbers of items. If no field list is      specified, the number of numeric fields in the selected     database must match the number of variables in the list.    Error message: Program file space exhausted                                                                             Description: dBXL does not allow more than 14 nested DO     <program> commands. Restructure your application so that    no more than 14 DO <program> commands are active at         once.                                                                                                                   Error message: Illegal filename                                                                                         Description: The specified filename is invalid.             Filenames can only be eight characters long (not            counting the extension) and cannot contain special          punctuation like ? and *.                                                                                               Error message: Window size out of range                                                                                 Description: This message indicates that one of dBXL's      internal consistency checks has detected an error with      the windows dBXL uses for its own purposes. Please          report the occurrence of this message to WordTech           Systems.                                                                                                                Error message: File already exists                                                                                      Description: The file being created already exists.         Change the filename of the destination file or delete       the old file.                                                                                                           Error message: ENDTEXT command encountered without          previous TEXT command                                                                                                   Description: dBXL has found an ENDTEXT with no previous     matching TEXT. Even if a TEXT is present, it must be        executed before dBXL encounters its matching ENDTEXT.       Check that ENDTEXT was intended for this location .         Error message: Beginning of file encountered                                                                            Description: You have used a database positioning           command, such as SKIP or GO, to try to move past the        beginning of the active database. If you are using an       index file with this database, the index may be outdated    and need rebuilding.                                        Error message: End of file encountered                                                                                  Description: You have used a database positioning           command, such as SKIP or GO, to try to move past the end    of the active database. If you are using an index file      with this database, the index may be outdated and need      rebuilding.                                                                                                             Error message: Unexpected type. Expecting: ||||||||||                                                                   Description: dBXL encountered the wrong data type for       this situation. It was expecting the specified type.        Check the syntax of this command in the dBXL manual.                                                                    Error message: Printer error                                                                                            Description: dBXL is trying to access a printer that is     not currently ready. Check that the printer is on, has      paper, and is on-line. Also check that it is properly       connected to your computer, and that you have correctly     specified the printer ports in CONFIG.SYS, if necessary.    Error message: No PARAMETERS statement found                                                                            Description: dBXL has encountered a DO <program> WITH       command, but the parameter list in the called program is    missing. The first statement in the called program must     be a PARAMETERS statement.                                                                                              Error message: Unmatched parameters                                                                                     Description: The parameters in the WITH list of a           calling program do not match the number and/or type of      the parameters in the called routine's PARAMETER list.      These parameters must match exactly.                                                                                    Error message: Memory variable already exists. Cannot be    declared PUBLIC                                                                                                         Description: Existing PRIVATE memory variables cannot be    re-declared PUBLIC. Check your variable initializations.    Release the offending memory variable if necessary.                                                                     Error message: RELATION expression memory exhausted                                                                     Description: dBXL has exhausted the memory reserved for     all SET RELATION key expressions. Reduce the length of      your SET RELATION expressions, or reduce the number of      active SET RELATIONs.                                                                                                   Error message: Program not SUSPENDed                                                                                    Description: You have used a RESUME command in the          absence of anything to RESUME. You can only RESUME after    SUSPENDing or after using the SUSPEND option with ON        ERROR, ON ESCAPE, or SET STEP. Note that a CANCEL voids     all SUSPENDed programs.                                                                                                 Error message: Window error                                                                                             Description: A dBXL windowing error has occurred. Check     the windowing syntax in the dBXL manual.                                                                                                                                            Error message: Not allowed in window 0                                                                                  Description: You issued a windowing command, such as        WCLOSE, that would alter window area 0. If you want to      alter a window that is currently open in another window     area, select that area with the WSELECT command before      issuing the command that caused this error.                 Error message: Not enough memory now. Please try later                                                                  Description: Because of the current context (the number     of windows open, for example), dBXL has run out of          memory for other operations (such as opening the on-line    reference manual). Retry your command after simplifying     the present operating environment.                          Error message: CONTINUE without previous LOCATE                                                                         Description: You used CONTINUE in the absence of a          previously issued LOCATE. To search for the first           instance of a particular expression, use LOCATE. To find    additional matches, use CONTINUE. Remember, closing a       database removes any LOCATE condition in that work area.    Error message: Invalid memory variable file                                                                             Description: The memory file you specified with the         RESTORE FROM command is not valid. Check the filename       and reissue the RESTORE command. Memory variable files      are created from existing memory variables using the        SAVE command.                                               Error message: Database is encrypted                                                                                    Description: dBXL cannot access the information in the      database you are attempting to open either because the      file has been encrypted under dBASE III Plus or because     the file header is damaged. Decrypt encrypted files         before attempting to access them under dBXL.                Error message: Too many index files                                                                                     Description: You can have no more than seven index files    open at one time with any associated database. To open a    new combination of index files in a given work area,        first close currently open indexes (CLOSE INDEX) and        then specify the new indexes to open using SET INDEX TO.                                                                Error message: Error storing to database                                                                                Description: An internal dBXL inconsistency check failed    Please report the occurrence of this message to WordTech    Systems.                                                                                                                                                                            Error message: Unexpected template                                                                                      Description: An internal dBXL inconsistency check failed    Please report the occurrence of this message to WordTech    Systems.                                                                                                                Error message: Invalid status file                                                                                      Description: The status filename you specified with         RESTORE STATUS is not valid. Check the filename and         reissue the RESTORE STATUS command. Status files are        created with SAVE STATUS. RESTORE STATUS assumes            a .set extension if no filename extension is specified.     Error message: Invalid order number                                                                                     Description: You attempted to SET ORDER TO a value that     does not correspond to an index file in the active index    file list. You can only SET ORDER TO a value between 0      and 7 that corresponds to the position of an index in       the index list.                                             Error message: No fields were found to process                                                                          Description: No fields in the SET FIELDS TO <field list>    when SET FIELDS was ON were found to copy with such         commands as COPY TO or COPY STRUCTURE. Check that your      SET FIELDS TO <field list> includes fields in the active    database.                                                                                                               Error message: SET FIELDS space exhausted                                                                               Description: More than 128 fields were specified in the     SET FIELDS TO <field list>. Remove some of the fields       specified so that a maximum of 128 fields is specified.                                                                 Error message: Invalid graph file                                                                                       Description: The graph format filename specified with       GRAPH FORM is not valid. Check the filename and reissue     the GRAPH FORM command. Graph form files are created        with CREATE GRAPH or MODIFY GRAPH. GRAPH FORM assumes a     .grf extension if not filename extension is specified.      Error message: Invalid query file                                                                                       Description: The query filename specified with SET          FILTER is not valid. Check the query filename and           reissue the SET FILTER command. Query files are created     with CREATE QUERY or MODIFY QUERY. SET FILTER assumes a     .qry extension if no filename extension is specified.       Error message: Invalid view file                                                                                        Description: The view filename specified with SET VIEW      is not valid. Check the view filename and reissue the       SET VIEW command. View files are created with CREATE        VIEW...FROM ENVIRONMENT. Note that if no filename exten-    sion is specified, SET VIEW assumes a .vue extension.                                                                   Error message: No such window                                                                                           Description: An undefined window was specified with         WUSE. Use WSET WINDOW to define a window, then WSELECT      a window area, then WUSE the defined window.                                                                            Error message: Illegal frame size                                                                                       Description: The window coordinates defined with WSET       WINDOW or WSET SIZE do not define a valid window. The       coordinates may not have formed a rectangular window        (e.g., 10,0,5,79 causes an error because the top row is     lower than the bottom).                                     Error message: Bad field length                                                                                         Description: An attempt was made to CREATE <filename1>      FROM <structure extended filename2> and <filename2> has     an invalid field length. FIELD_LEN and FIELD_DEC must       be: for field type C, 1-254 and 0; type N, 1-19 and 0-      15; type L, 1 and 0; type D, 8 and 0; type M, 10 and 0.     Error message: Value out of range                                                                                       Description: The value specified in the command is out-     side the valid range that command allows. Use Chapter 6,    Language Reference, of the dBXL manual to check that the    values you specify on a command line are within the         range allowed by a particular command.                      Error message: Invalid subscript reference                                                                              Description: An array subscript was specified that was      beyond the range defined with DIMENSION. For example, if    you DIMENSION Array[2,2] and enter ? Array[3,2], this       error will occur. Check that the array subscript you        reference is within the range defined with DIMENSION.       Error message: Bad title                                                                                                Description: WSET TITLE TO <charExp> or WUSE...TITLE        <charExp> contained a title that exceeded the maximum       title size of 29. Change the title you specified to         evaluate to less than 29 characters.                                                                                    Error message: Too many windows                                                                                         Description: 99 windows have been defined with WSET         WINDOW during this session with dBXL. Before WSETting a     a new WINDOW, first WRELEASE a window to free space for     defining additional windows.                                                                                                                                                        Error message: Expanded memory manager error                                                                            Description: dBXL has detected that your computer has       Expanded Memory Specification (EMS) installed, but your     expanded memory manager has returned an error to dBXL.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Error message: UDF must return a value                                                                                  Description: The User Defined Function you invoked that     was defined with FUNCTION...RETURN did not include a        RETURN <exp> statement or the RETURN statement did not      include <exp>. A UDF must return a value, even if it is     merely RETURN " ".                                          Error message: Structure invalid                                                                                        Description: You attempted to CREATE <filename1> FROM       <structure extended filename2> and <filename2> was in a     format other than that of a structure extended file. A      structure extended file must contain the four fields:       FIELD_NAME, FIELD_TYPE, FIELD_LEN, and FIELD_DEC,           Function: ABS()                                                             Syntax: ABS(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                   Description: ABS() returns the absolute value of the specified number,      <numExp>.                                                                                                                                               Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: ASC()                                                             Syntax: ASC(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                  Description: ASC() returns the ASCII value of the leftmost character        within the specified character string, <charExp>.                                                                                                       Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                  Function: AT()                                                              Syntax: AT(<charExp 1>,<charExp 2>)                                                                                                                     Description: AT() returns the numeric location of the beginning of the      first character string, <charExp 1>, within the second string, <charExp     2>. If the first string is not part of the second, 0 is returned.                                                                                       Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Numeric.                                                                                                      Function: BITSET()                                                          Syntax: BITSET (<numExp 1>,<numExp 2>)                                                                                                                  Description: BITSET() returns .T. if a specified bit <numExp 2> of          <numExp 1>'s binary representation in on, and returns .F. if it is off.     <numExp 2> refers to a position starting from the right end of the          binary number and must be a decimal integer from 0 to 31, 0 being           the rightmost bit.                                                          Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Logical.                            Function: BOF()                                                             Syntax: BOF()                                                                                                                                           Description: BOF() returns .T. if the active record pointer is at the       beginning of the file, or .F. if it is elsewhere. The beginning of a        file is located immediately before the first record.                                                                                                    Data Types: Returns Logical.                                                                                                                            Function: CDOW()                                                            Syntax: CDOW(<dateExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: CDOW() returns the name of the day of the week (example:       Monday) corresponding to the specified date, <dateExp>.                                                                                                 Data Types: Accepts Date and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                     Function: CENTER()                                                          Syntax: CENTER (<charExp> [,<numExp>])                                                                                                                  Description: CENTER() returns the character string <charExp> with the       number of leading spaces necessary to center it in a line <numExp>          characters wide.                                                                                                                                        Data Types: Accepts Character and Numeric and returns Character.                                                                                        Function: CHR()                                                             Syntax: CHR(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                   Description: CHR() returns the character corresponding to the specified     ASCII value. The specified number, <numExp>, must be within the valid       ASCII range, from 1 to 255.                                                                                                                             Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Character.                                                                                                      Function: CMONTH()                                                          Syntax: CMONTH(<dateExp>)                                                                                                                               Description: CMONTH() returns the name of the month (example: January)      corresponding to the specified date, <dateExp>.                                                                                                         Data Types: Accepts Date and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                     Function: COL()                                                             Syntax: COL()                                                                                                                                           Description: COL() returns the current column position of the cursor on     the screen.                                                                                                                                             Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Function: CTOD()                                                            Syntax: CTOD(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: CTOD() returns a date variable derived from the specified      character string, <charExp>. If the string contains an illegal date in      proper format, a normalization of the date is returned. If the string is    not in proper date format (i.e., MM/DD/YY), a blank date is returned.                                                                                   Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Date.                             Function: DATE()                                                            Syntax: DATE()                                                                                                                                          Description: DATE() returns the current system date.                                                                                                    Data Types: Returns Date.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Function: DAY()                                                             Syntax: DAY(<dateExp>)                                                                                                                                  Description: DAY() returns the numeric designation of the day of the        month from the specified date, <dateExp>.                                                                                                               Data Types: Accepts Date and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                       Function: DBF()                                                             Syntax: DBF()                                                                                                                                           Description: DBF() returns the name of the active database file. If no      database is in use, DBF() returns a null string, "".                                                                                                    Data Types: Returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                                      Function: DELETED()                                                         Syntax: DELETED()                                                                                                                                       Description: DELETED() returns .T. or .F. to indicate whether the           current record is marked for deletion.                                                                                                                  Data Types: Returns Logical.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Function: DISKSPACE()                                                       Syntax: DISKSPACE()                                                                                                                                     Description: DISKSPACE() returns the number of bytes available on the       current drive's disk.                                                                                                                                   Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Function: DOW()                                                             Syntax: DOW(<dateExp>)                                                                                                                                  Description: DOW() returns a numeric representation of the day of the       week from the specified date, <dateExp>. Sunday is designated as day 1.                                                                                 Data Types: Accepts Date and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                       Function: DTOC()                                                            Syntax: DTOC(<dateExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: DTOC() returns the date, <dateExp>, as a character string.                                                                                 Data Types: Accepts Date and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Function: EOF()                                                             Syntax: EOF()                                                                                                                                           Description: EOF() returns .T. if the active record pointer is at the       end of the file, or .F. if it is elsewhere. The end of file is located      after the last record in the file.                                                                                                                      Data Types: Returns Logical.                                                                                                                            Function: ERROR()                                                           Syntax: ERROR()                                                                                                                                         Description: When the ON ERROR command is active, ERROR() returns the       error number corresponding to the last error condition that occurred        under dBXL.                                                                                                                                             Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                            Function: EXP()                                                             Syntax: EXP(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                   Description: EXP() returns a number equal to e (the base of natural         logarithms) raised to the power specified by <numExp>.                                                                                                  Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: FCOL()                                                            Syntax: FCOL()                                                                                                                                          Description: FCOL() returns the current column position in the alternate    file output. FCOL() is designed to be used with the SET ALTERNATE           command.                                                                                                                                                Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                            Function: FIELD()                                                           Syntax: FIELD(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: FIELD() returns the name of the field number <numExp>          within the active database.                                                                                                                             Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                  Function: FILE()                                                            Syntax: FILE(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: FILE() returns .T. or .F. to indicate whether the specified    file, <charExp> exists. <charExp> must contain the filename and             extension, and may contain the drive and directory specifier.                                                                                           Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Logical.                                                                                                      Function: FKLABEL()                                                         Syntax: FKLABEL(<numExp>)                                                                                                                               Description: FKLABEL() returns the label of the programmable function       key indicated by <numExp>. On a standard PC, function key F1 is not         programmable, so F2 is returned as the first function key, FKLABEL(1).                                                                                  Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Character.                                                                                                      Function: FKMAX()                                                           Syntax: FKMAX()                                                                                                                                         Description: FKMAX() returns the total number of programmable function      keys. On a standard PC, function key F1 is not programmable, so FKMAX()     returns 9.                                                                                                                                              Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                            Function: FOUND()                                                           Syntax: FOUND()                                                                                                                                         Description: FOUND() returns .T. or .F. to indicate whether a search        using LOCATE, CONTINUE, FIND, or SEEK is successful. With related           databases, moving the record pointer in the current database causes         separate FOUND() values to be returned in the related work areas.                                                                                       Data Types: Returns Logical.                                                Function: FROW()                                                            Syntax: FROW()                                                                                                                                          Description: FROW() returns the current row position in the alternate       file output. FROW() is designed to be used with the SET ALTERNATE           command.                                                                                                                                                Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                            Function: GETENV()                                                          Syntax: GETENV(<charExp>)                                                                                                                               Description: GETENV() returns the value of the environmental variable       contained within the expression <charExp>.                                                                                                              Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                Function: IIF()                                                             Syntax: IIF(<logExp>,<exp 1>,<exp 2>)                                                                                                                   Description: IIF() returns <exp 1> if the supplied condition, <logExp>,     evaluates to .T.. Otherwise, IIF() returns <exp 2>.                                                                                                     Data Types: Accepts Logical and two expressions of Character, Numeric,      or Date, and returns an expression of the same type.                                                                                                    Function: IN()                                                              Syntax: IN(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                    Description: IN() returns one byte from the specified system input port     numbered <numExp>.                                                                                                                                      Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: INKEY()                                                           Syntax: INKEY()                                                                                                                                         Description: INKEY() returns the ASCII value of the first character in      the keyboard typeahead buffer at the time the function is invoked. This     character is then removed from the buffer.                                                                                                              Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                            Function: INT()                                                             Syntax: INT(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                   Description: INT() returns a number in integer form (i.e., it truncates     all digits to the right of the decimal place).                                                                                                          Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: ISALPHA()                                                         Syntax: ISALPHA(<charExp>)                                                                                                                              Description: ISALPHA() returns .T. or .F. to indicate whether the           leftmost character of the specified expression, <charExp>, is a letter      of the alphabet.                                                                                                                                        Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Logical.                                                                                                      Function: ISCOLOR()                                                         Syntax: ISCOLOR()                                                                                                                                       Description: ISCOLOR() returns .T. or .F. to indicate whether dBXL is       operating on a color monitor.                                                                                                                           Data Types: Returns Logical.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Function: ISLOWER()                                                         Syntax: ISLOWER(<charExp>)                                                                                                                              Description: ISLOWER() returns .T. or .F. to indicate whether the           leftmost character of the specified expression, <charExp>, is a lower-      case letter of the alphabet.                                                                                                                            Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Logical.                                                                                                      Function: ISUPPER()                                                         Syntax: ISUPPER(<charExp>)                                                                                                                              Description: ISUPPER() returns .T. or .F. to indicate whether the           leftmost character of the specified expression, <charExp>, is an upper-     case letter of the alphabet.                                                                                                                            Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Logical.                                                                                                      Function: LEFT()                                                            Syntax: LEFT(<charExp>,<numExp>)                                                                                                                        Description: LEFT() returns the leftmost <numExp> characters of the         character string <charExp>. If <numExp> is greater than the string's        length, LEFT() returns the entire character string with nothing             appended.                                                                                                                                               Data Types: Accepts Character and Numeric and returns Character.            Function: LEN()                                                             Syntax: LEN(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                  Description: LEN() returns the number of characters in the specified        character string, <charExp>.                                                                                                                            Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                  Function: LOG()                                                             Syntax: LOG(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                   Description: LOG() returns the natural logarithm of the specified           numeric argument, <numExp>.                                                                                                                             Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: LOWER()                                                           Syntax: LOWER(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                Description: LOWER() returns the alphabetic contents of the character       string, <charExp>, converted to lower case.                                                                                                             Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                Function: LTRIM()                                                           Syntax: LTRIM(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                Description: LTRIM() returns the specified character string, <charExp>,     with leading blanks removed.                                                                                                                            Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                Function: LUPDATE()                                                         Syntax: LUPDATE()                                                                                                                                       Description: LUPDATE() returns the date of the active database's last       update.                                                                                                                                                 Data Types: Returns Date.                                                                                                                                                                                                           Function: MAX()                                                             Syntax: MAX(<numExp 1>,<numExp 2>)                                                                                                                      Description: MAX() returns the larger value of two specified                expressions, <numExp 1> and <numExp 2>. If both expressions evaluate to     the same number, MAX() returns that number.                                                                                                             Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                        Function: MESSAGE()                                                         Syntax: MESSAGE()                                                                                                                                       Description: When ON ERROR command is active, MESSAGE() returns the         error message corresponding to the last error condition that occurred.                                                                                  Data Types: Returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                                      Function: MIN()                                                             Syntax: MIN(<numExp 1>,<numExp 2>)                                                                                                                      Description: MIN() returns the smaller value of two expressions, <numExp    1> and <numExp 2>. If both expressions evaluate to the same number,         MIN() returns that number.                                                                                                                              Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                        Function: MOD()                                                             Syntax: MOD(<numExp 1>,<numExp 2>)                                                                                                                      Description: MOD() returns the integer remainder of the division of         <numExp 1>, by <numExp 2>.                                                                                                                              Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: MONTH()                                                           Syntax: MONTH(<dateExp>)                                                                                                                                Description: MONTH() returns an integer representing the number of the      month in <dateExp>.                                                                                                                                     Data Types: Accepts Date and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                       Function: NDX()                                                             Syntax: NDX(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                   Description: NDX() returns the name of the <numExp> index file open in      the current work area. <numExp> must be a value from 1 to 7.                                                                                            Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                  Function: OS()                                                              Syntax: OS()                                                                                                                                            Description: OS() returns a character string composed of the name and       version number of the operating system.                                                                                                                 Data Types: Returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                                      Function: PCOL()                                                            Syntax: PCOL()                                                                                                                                          Description: PCOL() returns the current column position of the printer.                                                                                 Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: PROPER()                                                          Syntax: PROPER(<charExp>)                                                                                                                               Description: PROPER() returns <charExp> in upper-case/lower-case format.    PROPER() capitalizes the first letter of each word within the given         character string, <charExp>, and makes all other characters lower case.                                                                                 Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Character.                                                                                                    Function: PROW()                                                            Syntax: PROW()                                                                                                                                          Description: PROW() returns the current row position of the printer.                                                                                    Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: RECCOUNT()                                                        Syntax: RECCOUNT()                                                                                                                                      Description: RECCOUNT() returns the number of records in the active         database.                                                                                                                                               Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Function: RECNO()                                                           Syntax: RECNO()                                                                                                                                         Description: RECNO() returns the number of the current record in the        active database.                                                                                                                                        Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Function: RECSIZE()                                                         Syntax: RECSIZE()                                                                                                                                       Description: RECSIZE() returns the length of the record in the active       database. The length of a record is determined by the sum of the lengths    of its fields plus one. dBXL reserves one byte for the asterisk which       marks a record as deleted.                                                                                                                              Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                Function: REPLICATE()                                                       Syntax: REPLICATE(<charExp>,<numExp>)                                                                                                                   Description: REPLICATE() returns a character string composed of the         given string, <charExp>, repeated <numExp> times.                                                                                                       Data Types: Accepts Character and Numeric, and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                   Function: RIGHT()                                                           Syntax: RIGHT(<charExp>,<numExp>)                                                                                                                       Description: RIGHT() returns the rightmost <numExp> characters of the       character string, <charExp>. If <numExp> is greater than the total          number of characters of the specified string, RIGHT() returns the entire    string with nothing added.                                                                                                                              Data Types: Accepts Character and Numeric and returns Character.            Function: ROUND()                                                           Syntax: (<numExp 1>,<numExp 2>)                                                                                                                         Description: ROUND() returns the result of rounding off the number          <numExp 1> to <numExp 2> places to the right of the decimal point. If       <numExp 2> is negative, ROUND() returns the number rounded to <numExp 2>    places to the left of the decimal point.                                                                                                                Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                            Function: ROW()                                                             Syntax: ROW()                                                                                                                                           Description: ROW() returns the current row position of the cursor.                                                                                      Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: RTRIM()                                                           Syntax: RTRIM(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                Description: RTRIM() returns the specified character string, <charExp>,     with trailing blanks removed.                                                                                                                           Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                Function: SPACE()                                                           Syntax: SPACE(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: SPACE() returns a character string containing <numExp>         blank spaces.                                                                                                                                           Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                  Function: SQRT()                                                            Syntax: SQRT(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                  Description: SQRT() returns the positive square root of the specified       positive number, <numExp>, or zero when the argument is non-positive.                                                                                   Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: STUFF()                                                           Syntax: STUFF(<charExp 1>,<numExp 1>,<numExp 2>,<charExp 2>)                                                                                            Description: STUFF() returns the character string, <charExp 1>, with the    string <charExp 2> inserted at position <numExp 1>. When <charExp 2> is     STUFFed into <charExp 1>, <numExp 2> characters are dropped from the        original string starting at the point of insertion.                                                                                                     Data Types: Accepts Character and Numeric and returns Character.            Function: TIME()                                                            Syntax: TIME()                                                                                                                                          Description: TIME() returns the current system time as a character          string in HH:MM:SS format.                                                                                                                              Data Types: Returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                                      Function: TRANSFORM()                                                       Syntax: TRANSFORM(<exp>,<charExp>)                                                                                                                      Description: TRANSFORM() returns a character or numeric expression in       the PICTURE format indicated by <charExp>.                                                                                                              Data Types: Accepts Character or Numeric for the first argument,            Character for the second, and returns Character.                                                                                                        Function: TRIM()                                                            Syntax: TRIM(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: TRIM() returns the specified character string, <charExp>,      with the trailing blanks removed.                                                                                                                       Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                Function: TYPE()                                                            Syntax: TYPE("<exp>")                                                                                                                                   Description: TYPE() returns C, D, L, M, or N to indicate Character,         Date, Logical, Memo, or Numeric. If the supplied expression <exp> is        undefined, TYPE() returns U.                                                                                                                            Data Types: Accepts any type and returns Character.                                                                                                     Function: UPPER()                                                           Syntax: UPPER(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                Description: UPPER() returns the alphabetic contents of the character       string, <charExp>, converted to uppercase. Nonalphabetic characters are     unaffected.                                                                                                                                             Data Types: Accepts a Character and returns Character.                                                                                                  Function: VAL()                                                             Syntax: VAL(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                  Description: VAL() returns the numeric representation of <charExp>. If      <charExp> starts with a non-numeric character, 0 is returned. If non-       numeric characters follow the number, characters to the right of the        last digit are disregarded, and the value of the number is returned.                                                                                    Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Numeric.                          Function: VERSION()                                                         Syntax: VERSION()                                                                                                                                       Description: VERSION() returns the name and version number of dBXL as a     character string.                                                                                                                                       Data Types: Returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                                      Function: YEAR()                                                            Syntax: YEAR(<dateExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: YEAR() returns the year of the given date, <dateExp>, as a     4-digit number.                                                                                                                                         Data Types: Accepts Date and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                       Function: &                                                                 Syntax: &<char memvar>                                                                                                                                  Description: Macro-substitutes contents of the memory variable named.       The contents of the specified memory variable replaces the "&<char          memvar>" in the command line, and then the command is executed.                                                                                         Data Types: Accepts Character.                                                                                                                          Command: APPEND BLANK                                                       Syntax: APPEND BLANK                                                                                                                                    Description: APPEND BLANK adds one blank record to the end of the active    database and positions the record pointer to that record. All open index    files are updated to include APPENDed records. Use APPEND BLANK in pro-     gramming append sequences. REPLACE, a companion command, adds new values    to the blank record.                                                        SET CARRY has no effect on APPEND BLANK.                                    Command: CLEAR ALL                                                          Syntax: CLEAR ALL                                                                                                                                       Description: CLEAR ALL closes all open files, clears memory variables,      and selects work area 1. It returns dBXL to its starting condition.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Command: CLEAR FIELDS                                                       Syntax: CLEAR FIELDS                                                                                                                                    Description: CLEAR FIELDS clears the field list in the SET FIELDS TO        command, and SETs FIELDS OFF.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Command: CLEAR GETS                                                         Syntax: CLEAR GETS                                                                                                                                      Description: CLEAR GETS causes the READ command to ignore previously        issued GETs. All GETs are displayed on the screen during their              execution, but the CLEAR GETs command ensures that none of the pre-         executed GETs will be READ.                                                                                                                                                                                                         Command: CLEAR MEMORY                                                       Syntax: CLEAR MEMORY                                                                                                                                    Description: CLEAR MEMORY releases all existing PUBLIC and PRIVATE          memory variables. When entered at the dBXL prompt, CLEAR MEMORY and         RELEASE ALL achieve the same results. When issued from a program,           though, RELEASE ALL clears only those memory variables created in that      program, whereas CLEAR MEMORY clears all memory variables.                                                                                              Command: CLEAR TYPEAHEAD                                                    Syntax: CLEAR TYPEAHEAD                                                                                                                                 Description: CLEAR TYPEAHEAD empties the typeahead buffer of all            characters, thus resetting it to a known state. By issuing CLEAR            TYPEAHEAD before any keyboard-dependent command or function, you can        ensure that no extraneous keyboard input is accepted by that command or     function. CLEAR KEY and CLEAR TYPEAHEAD are identical commands.                                                                                         Command: CLOSE ALL                                                          Syntax: CLOSE ALL                                                                                                                                       Description: CLOSE ALL closes all open files, including databases,          indexes, alternates, formats, etc., and selects work area 1.                                                                                            CLOSE ALL does not clear memory variables.                                                                                                                                                                                          Command: CLOSE ALTERNATE                                                    Syntax: CLOSE ALTERNATE                                                                                                                                 Description: CLOSE ALTERNATE writes the alternate file to disk and          closes the file. Data written to an alternate file is written to a          memory buffer first. This command insures that anything passed to that      buffer actually gets written to disk. CLOSE ALTERNATE achieves the          identical result as SET ALTERNATE TO (with no filename).                                                                                                Command: CLOSE DATABASES                                                    Syntax: CLOSE DATABASES                                                                                                                                 Description: CLOSE DATABASES closes all open database, index, and format    files, and selects work area 1.                                                                                                                         To close a specific database and any attached indexes and format files,     select the database's work area and issue the USE command with no           filename specified.                                                         Command: CLOSE FORMAT                                                       Syntax: CLOSE FORMAT                                                                                                                                    Description: CLOSE FORMAT closes the active format file. CLOSE FORMAT       achieves the identical result as SET FORMAT TO (with no file parameter).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Command: CLOSE INDEX                                                        Syntax: CLOSE INDEX                                                                                                                                     Description: CLOSE INDEX closes the active work area's index files.         CLOSE INDEX achieves the identical result as SET INDEX TO (with no          filename).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Command: CLOSE PROCEDURE                                                    Syntax: CLOSE PROCEDURE                                                                                                                                 Description: CLOSE PROCEDURE closes the open procedure file. CLOSE          PROCEDURE achieves the identical result as SET PROCEDURE TO (with no        filename).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Command: CONTINUE                                                           Syntax: CONTINUE                                                                                                                                        Description: CONTINUE is only used in conjunction with the LOCATE           command. CONTINUE searches for the next record within the WHILE scope       that matches the FOR condition of the last LOCATE for that work area.       CONTINUE may be re-executed indefinitely until no more records are found    that match the LOCATE condition.                                                                                                                        Command: COPY FILE                                                          Syntax: COPY FILE <filename 1> | ? | <skeleton> TO <filename 2>                                                                                         Description: COPY FILE duplicates a file of any type. Source and            destination filenames must include full extensions and must be closed to    be copied. Both COPY FILE and COPY TO copy files. COPY FILE copies the      entire database. COPY TO can duplicate an entire database, copy only        particular records, or copy to different file types, such as DELIMITED      and SDF formats.                                                            Command: COPY STRUCTURE                                                     Syntax: COPY STRUCTURE TO <filename> [FIELDS <field list>]                                                                                              Description: COPY STRUCTURE creates an empty database of the same           structure as the currently active database. If a <field list> is            included in the command line, the structure of the new database only        includes those fields. Otherwise, all fields are included in the new        database. COPY STRUCTURE adds a .DBF file extension to <filename> if no     extension is specified in the command line.                                 Command: COUNT                                                              Syntax: COUNT [<scope>] [WHILE <condition>] [FOR <condition>] [TO           <memvar>]                                                                                                                                               Description: COUNT tallies all records of the active database. If a         <scope>/<condition> is specified, only those records that meet the          selection criterion are counted. If a TO <memvar> is specified, the         result of the COUNT command is stored into the memory variable.                                                                                         Command: CREATE                                                             Syntax: CREATE <filename>                                                                                                                               Description: CREATE is a full screen editing command that lets you          define a new database. Once the definition process is complete, dBXL        creates the database file and lets you enter new records.                                                                                               CREATE adds a .DBF extension to <filename>, if no extension is specified    in the command line.                                                        Command: CREATE ... FROM                                                    Syntax: CREATE <filename 1> FROM <filename 2> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                          Description: CREATE ... FROM creates a database with the structure          specified by the contents of the structure-extended file. The new           database is active after CREATE...FROM execution.                                                                                                       Structure-extended files are created using the COPY TO ... STRUCTURE        EXTENDED command.                                                           Command: SET OOPS                                                           Syntax: SET OOPS TO [<charExp 1> [,<charExp 2>]]                                                                                                        Description: SET OOPS allows you to designate one character expression      to precede error messages and another to follow them. <charExp 1> de-       fines the character expression that precedes error messages; <charExp 2>    defines the character expression that follows error messages. Each          character expression can be up to 15 characters long. SET OOPS TO with      no argument resets <charExp 1> to "OOPS: " and <charExp 2> to " ".          Command: SET EDITOR                                                         Syntax: SET EDITOR TO [<charExp>]                                                                                                                       Description: SET EDITOR TO specifies as <charExp> the name of the editor    that modifies Memo fields, and that creates and revises files invoked       with commands such as CREATE COMMAND. <charExp> may be any word             processor that produces standard ASCII files. SET EDITOR TO with no         filename returns the editor to dBXL's default word processor.                                                                                           Command: DELETE                                                             Syntax: DELETE [<scope>] [WHILE <condition>] [FOR <condition>]                                                                                          Description: DELETE marks the current record for deletion. If a <scope>     or <condition> is given, all records meeting the specifications are         marked. DELETE does not actually remove records from the database. It       merely marks them for removal. PACK creates a new database that does not    contain such marked records. In EDIT, BROWSE, and CHANGE modes, Ctrl-U      is equivalent to DELETE.                                                    Command: DIR                                                                Syntax: DIR [<drive>:] [\path> | <skeleton> | \<path>\<skeleton>]                                                                                       Description: DIR displays database files on the current drive and           directory, pausing for user keystroke whenever the screen is full. If a     <path> is specified, only the files on that path are acknowledged. If a     <skeleton> is specified, only the files of that type are listed.                                                                                        The DIR command is not affected by the SET PATH command.                    Command: CD                                                                 Syntax: CD [<path>]                                                                                                                                     Description: CD changes the current directory to <path>. If <path> does     not include a drive, CD changes the directory to one on the current         drive. If <path> includes a drive in addition to a directory, CD changes    the current directory to the directory on the drive indicated.                                                                                          CD with no argument displays the name of the current directory.             Command: INSERT AUTOMEM                                                     Syntax: INSERT AUTOMEM [BEFORE]                                                                                                                         Description: INSERT AUTOMEM inserts a record after the current one and      copies the contents of automem variables to the fields of that record.      Automem variables (created with USE...AUTOMEM, CLEAR AUTOMEM, or STORE      AUTOMEM), are variables with the same names and data types as the fields    of the active database. If you include the BEFORE option with INSERT        AUTOMEM, dBXL INSERTs the new record before the current record.             Command: RELEASE AUTOMEM                                                    Syntax: RELEASE AUTOMEM                                                                                                                                 Description: RELEASE AUTOMEM releases from memory all automem variables.    Automem variables (created with USE...AUTOMEM, CLEAR AUTOMEM, and STORE     AUTOMEM) are variables whose names match field names in the active          database.                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Command: DOS                                                                Syntax: DOS                                                                                                                                             Description: DOS interrupts dBXL and displays the DOS prompt, allowing      execution of DOS commands and programs. dBXL remains resident in memory     so that memory variables and file status are maintained. For DOS to         operate, dBXL must be able to find COMMAND.COM either in the root           directory or in another location specified by COMSPEC. Return to dBXL by    typing EXIT at the DOS prompt.                                              Command: EJECT                                                              Syntax: EJECT                                                                                                                                           Description: EJECT advances the printer paper to the top of the next        sheet.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Command: ERASE                                                              Syntax: ERASE <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                               Description: ERASE removes the specified file from a disk. <filename>       must include an extension. If the file is not on the default drive, a       drive must be specified. ERASE does not accept the wild card characters     * and ? in the filename.                                                                                                                                A file must be closed before it can be ERASEd.                              Command: HELP                                                               Syntax: HELP [<keyword>]                                                                                                                                Description: HELP displays selection bar by which help text on any dBXL     feature may be selected. If <keyword> is specified, HELP bypasses the       selection bar and directly displays the relevant text.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Command: INDEX                                                              Syntax: INDEX ON <keyExp> TO <filename> [UNIQUE]                                                                                                        Description: INDEX creates an index file for the active database in         which the key expression of the database is arranged according to           numeric, character, or date order. If UNIQUE is specified, only one         record for each identical key expression is stored in the index file.       The index file is active at the end of an indexing operation. INDEX adds    an .NDX file extension to <filename> if no extension is specified.          Command: INPUT                                                              Syntax: INPUT [<prompt>] TO <memvar>                                                                                                                    Description: INPUT takes keyboard input of any type and stores it into      <memvar>. The data type of <memvar> depends on input, as any entered        expression of type Character, Numeric, Logical, or Date is legal. If        <prompt> is supplied, it is displayed before keyboard input is taken.       Prompts must be of character type. A character expression can only be       input with quotes or as the name of a character memory variable.            Command: INSERT                                                             Syntax: INSERT [BEFORE]                                                                                                                                 Description: INSERT adds a blank record to the active database after the    current record and displays an edit screen for data entry. BEFORE adds      the record before the current record. The record INSERTed is blank          unless SET CARRY is ON, in which case the record contains the data of       the previous record. If a format file is open, INSERT activates that        file. All open index files are updated to reflect INSERTs.                  Command: INSERT BLANK                                                       Syntax: INSERT BLANK [BEFORE]                                                                                                                           Description: INSERT BLANK adds a blank record to a database file after      the current record. If BEFORE is specified, the record is added before      the current record. The record pointer is positioned to the inserted        record.                                                                                                                                                 INSERT BLANK does not offer an edit screen to modify the new record.        Command: LABEL FORM                                                         Syntax: LABEL FORM <filename 1> | ? | <skeleton> [SAMPLE] [<scope>]         [WHILE <condition>] [FOR <condition>] [TO PRINT] [TO FILE <filename 2>]                                                                                 Description: LABEL FORM displays labels using the specified label form      file <filename 1>. SAMPLE offers sample labels before output to help        you properly align the label forms. TO PRINT sends output to the printer    as well as to the screen. TO FILE sends output to <filename 2>. LABEL       FORM prints only labels that meet the specified <scope>/<condition>.        Command: LIST                                                               Syntax: LIST [<exp list>] [<scope>] [WHILE <condition>]                     [FOR <condition>] [OFF] [TO PRINT]                                                                                                                      Description: LIST displays all database records. If an <exp list> is        specified, only those expressions are listed for each record. If a          <scope>/<condition> is specified, only the records meeting the criterion    are listed. OFF turns off the display of record numbers. TO PRINT sends     output to the printer as well as to the screen.                             Command: LIST HISTORY and DISPLAY HISTORY                                   Syntax: LIST HISTORY [LAST <numExp>] [TO PRINT]                                                                                                         Description: LIST HISTORY displays the commands stored in history. LAST     <numExp> displays only the last <numExp> commands. The commands in his-     tory can be recalled by pressing the Up or Down arrows. Once recalled,      a command can be re-issued by pressing the <� key.  TO PRINT sends out-     put to the printer as well as to the screen. DISPLAY is the same as         LIST except it pauses for user keystroke when the screen is full.           Command: LIST MEMORY and DISPLAY MEMORY                                     Syntax: LIST MEMORY [TO PRINT]                                                                                                                          Description: LIST MEMORY displays the name, domain, type, and contents      of memory variables, as well as the name of the program that created        each variable. At list end, it shows the number of variables used,          number remaining, bytes used, and bytes remaining. TO PRINT sends output    to the printer as well as to the screen. DISPLAY is the same as LIST        except that DISPLAY pauses for user keystroke when the screen is full.      Command: LIST STATUS and DISPLAY STATUS                                     Syntax: LIST STATUS [TO PRINT]                                                                                                                          Description: LIST STATUS displays the names and aliases of all open         files for each work area; the file search path and default drive; the       status of all SET commands; the margin setting; and the function key        definitions. TO PRINT sends output to the printer as well as to the         screen. DISPLAY STATUS is the same as LIST STATUS except that DISPLAY       STATUS pauses for user keystroke whenever the screen is full.               Command: LIST STRUCTURE and DISPLAY STRUCTURE                               Syntax: LIST STRUCTURE [TO PRINT]                                                                                                                       Description: LIST STRUCTURE displays the name, date of last update,         number of records, and structure of the active database. All fields         specified with the SET FIELDS command are marked with a . TO PRINT         sends output to the printer as well as to the screen. DISPLAY STRUCTURE     is the same as LIST STRUCTURE except that DISPLAY STRUCTURE pauses for      user keystroke whenever the screen is full.                                 Command: LOAD                                                               Syntax: LOAD <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                                Description: LOAD places the binary file, <filename>, in memory, where      it can be executed using the CALL command. The default file extension is    .bin. Up to ten binary files can be loaded at once. Each is allocated       64K, up to the physical limits of the system. Release a LOADed file from    memory with RELEASE MODULE. A LOADed file is also released if you LOAD      another file with the same filename, even if the extensions differ.         Command: LOCATE                                                             Syntax: LOCATE [<scope>] [WHILE <condition>] FOR <condition>                                                                                            Description: LOCATE starts at the top record of the active database, or     at the current record if a WHILE clause is included or if <scope> is        NEXT or REST, and searches for the first record meeting the specified       conditions. LOCATE FOR <condition>, with no options, checks each record     in succession, beginning with the first, until a record matching the        specified condition is found or the end of the file is reached.             Command: MODIFY COMMAND and CREATE COMMAND                                  Syntax: MODIFY COMMAND <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                      Description: MODIFY COMMAND displays a file for editing. MODIFY COMMAND     assumes a .prg file extension for <filename> if no extension is included    in the command line.                                                                                                                                    CREATE COMMAND is the same as MODIFY COMMAND except that CREATE COMMAND     does not allow ? or <skeleton> in the command line.                         Command: MODIFY LABEL and CREATE LABEL                                      Syntax: MODIFY LABEL <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                        Description: MODIFY LABEL is a full-screen command that enables you         to define a label form file for the active database. <filename>, given      an .lbl extension by default, contains the information dBXL needs to        print labels using the LABEL FORM command. CREATE LABEL is the same as      MODIFY LABEL except that CREATE LABEL does not allow ? or <skeleton> in     the command line.                                                           Command: MODIFY REPORT and CREATE REPORT                                    Syntax: MODIFY REPORT <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                       Description: MODIFY REPORT is a full-screen command that enables            you to define a report form file for the active database. <filename>,       given an .frm extension by default, contains the information dBXL needs     to print a columnar report using REPORT FORM. CREATE REPORT is the same     as MODIFY REPORT except that CREATE REPORT does not allow ? or              <skeleton> in the command line.                                             Command: ON ESCAPE                                                          Syntax: ON ESCAPE [<command>]                                                                                                                           Description: ON ESCAPE causes dBXL to execute <command> when you press      Esc during command or program execution. <command> may be any single        dBXL command. ON ESCAPE has no effect when SET ESCAPE is OFF.                                                                                           ON ESCAPE with no arguments cancels the effect of any previous ON ESCAPE    command.                                                                    Command: OUT                                                                Syntax: OUT <numExp 1>,<numExp 2>                                                                                                                       Description: OUT sends the value of <numExp 2> to the system port           specified by <numExp 1>. You can control input and output devices with      OUT, sending the results of entered expressions to designated system        ports. Entered values must be decimal numbers; dBXL does not accept         hexadecimal, octal, or binary numbers. Port numbers are hardware            specific, varying according to manufacturer, model, and configuration.      Command: PACK                                                               Syntax: PACK                                                                                                                                            Description: PACK removes the records marked for deletion from the          active database file. Once PACK has been executed, records are removed      from the database permanently and cannot be recovered by the RECALL         command. All open index files are updated after PACK.                                                                                                                                                                               Command: QUIT                                                               Syntax: QUIT                                                                                                                                            Description: QUIT closes all files, releases all memory variables,          resets color attributes, and returns control to the operating system.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Command: RECALL                                                             Syntax: RECALL [<scope>] [WHILE <condition>] [FOR <condition>]                                                                                          Description: RECALL unmarks records in an active database that have been    marked for deletion. If a <scope>/<condition> is specified, only records    that meet the given criterion are RECALLed.                                                                                                             Records that were removed from a database file permanently with PACK        cannot be recovered by RECALL.                                              Command: REINDEX                                                            Syntax: REINDEX                                                                                                                                         Description: REINDEX rebuilds all open index files in the selected work     area, updating them to reflect the current contents of the active           database. If an index was originally created using the UNIQUE option of     INDEX, or while SET UNIQUE was ON, then REINDEX rebuilds the index in       the same manner.                                                                                                                                        Command: RENAME                                                             Syntax: RENAME <filename 1> | ? | <skeleton> TO <filename 2>                                                                                            Description: RENAME changes a file's name from <filename 1> to              <filename 2>. Filename extensions must be included with each filename.      If the file to be renamed is not in the current directory or the SET        PATH directory, include a full pathname specification.                                                                                                                                                                              Command: RESTORE                                                            Syntax: RESTORE FROM <filename> | ? | <skeleton> [ADDITIVE]                                                                                             Description: RESTORE clears active memory variables and retrieves           variables contained in the memory file, <filename>. ADDITIVE causes the     memory file variables to be restored without releasing previous             variables. If a RESTORE ADDITIVE variable has the same name as a            currently active memory variable, the currently active variable is          released. <filename> is assumed to have a .mem extension.                   Command: RUN                                                                Syntax: RUN <DOS command>                                                                                                                               Description: RUN executes the DOS program <DOS command>, then returns       control to dBXL. The status of memory variables, databases, indexes,        etc. is maintained.                                                                                                                                     The RUN command requires approximately 32K of additional memory over the    minimum dBXL needs.                                                         Command: SAVE                                                               Syntax: SAVE TO <memory filename> [ALL LIKE|EXCEPT <skeleton>]                                                                                          Description: SAVE stores all memory variables to the designated disk        file. The ALL LIKE option saves only the variables having the specified     <skeleton> pattern. Conversely, ALL EXCEPT saves only memory variables      that do not match the pattern. If no extension is specified for <memory     filename>, SAVE assigns .MEM.                                                                                                                           Command: SELECT                                                             Syntax: SELECT <work area> | <alias>                                                                                                                    Description: SELECT makes the specified work area active. The work area     can be specified by its character (A through J) or numeric (1 through       10) representation, or by the <alias> defined when a file is opened in      that particular work area. To be specified by an <alias> however, the       work area must first be referenced by one of the two previous methods so    that a database can be opened (and aliased).                                Command: SET                                                                Syntax: SET                                                                                                                                             Description: SET is a full screen editing command that allows you to        view and alter dBXL environment settings, including the toggled (ON /       OFF) SET commands, color options, definition of function keys, default      drive and path, margin setting, decimal setting, and files selected.                                                                                                                                                                Command: SET ALTERNATE                                                      Syntax: SET ALTERNATE ON | OFF                                                                                                                          Description: If SET ALTERNATE is ON, sends screen output to the text        file specified by the SET ALTERNATE TO command. The recording of output     can be turned off and on repeatedly with SET ALTERNATE ON | OFF. When       through, close the alternate file with CLOSE ALTERNATE to ensure that       all data is written to disk. The default setting of SET ALTERNATE is        OFF.                                                                        Command: SET BELL                                                           Syntax: SET BELL ON | OFF                                                                                                                               Description: dBXL, by default, warns you about improper or overflowed       input in GET fields by sounding the bell. The bell, however, can be         turned off with the SET BELL OFF command.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Command: SET CARRY                                                          Syntax: SET CARRY ON | OFF                                                                                                                              Description: SET CARRY ON causes a record that is APPENDed or INSERTed      to contain data carried over from the previous record. The default is       OFF.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Command: SET CENTURY                                                        Syntax: SET CENTURY ON | OFF                                                                                                                            Description: With SET CENTURY OFF, the default setting, dBXL displays       only the rightmost two digits of the year. By SETting CENTURY ON, all       four digits of the year may be input with GETs and displayed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Command: SET COLOR                                                          Syntax: SET COLOR ON | OFF                                                                                                                              Description: SET COLOR ON sends color output to the screen, while SET       COLOR OFF sends monochrome output. The default setting is determined by     the type of monitor in use when dBXL is started.                                                                                                        This command is only useful for selecting between color and monochrome      monitors on a system that has both.                                         Command: SET CONFIRM                                                        Syntax: SET CONFIRM ON | OFF                                                                                                                            Description: SET CONFIRM ON requires that <� be pressed for each GET        area being edited, even when enough characters have been typed to fill      the width of the input field. SET CONFIRM OFF, the default setting, lets    the cursor move to the next field when characters have filled the field     width.                                                                                                                                                  Command: SET CONSOLE                                                        Syntax: SET CONSOLE ON | OFF                                                                                                                            Description: SET CONSOLE OFF turns off all standard output to the           screen. SET CONSOLE ON, the default setting, sends all output to the        screen.                                                                                                                                                 SET CONSOLE does not affect commands that send output to a specific         places on the screen like EDIT, @...SAY...GET, and BROWSE.                  Command: SET DATE TO                                                        Syntax: SET DATE TO <date>                                                                                                                              Description: SET DATE TO resets the system date to the specified <date>.                                                                                dBXL restricts the <date> format to the American format of MM/DD/YY. SET    DATE TO does not accept a four-digit year as its argument, regardless of    whether SET CENTURY is ON, and assumes dates are twentieth century.                                                                                     Command: SET DEFAULT                                                        Syntax: SET DEFAULT TO [<drive>]                                                                                                                        Description: SET DEFAULT specifies the default drive on which to locate     files. If no <drive> is specified, SET DEFAULT sets the default system      drive as the default drive.                                                                                                                             If a filename includes a drive specifier, that drive is used. Otherwise,    the DEFAULT drive is used.                                                  Command: SET DELETED                                                        Syntax: SET DELETED ON | OFF                                                                                                                            Description: SET DELETED ON makes dBXL ignore records that are marked       for deletion. With SET DELETED OFF, the default setting, dBXL treats        records marked for deletion the same as other records, except that it       marks them with an asterisk in screen displays.                                                                                                                                                                                     Command: SET DELIMITERS                                                     Syntax: SET DELIMITERS ON | OFF                                                                                                                         Description: SET DELIMITERS ON sets off input areas with colons. The        default setting, SET DELIMITERS OFF, displays the input areas with no       colon frame.                                                                                                                                            The character used to delimit the input area can be changed by the SET      DELIMITERS TO command.                                                      Command: SET DEVICE                                                         Syntax: SET DEVICE TO SCREEN | ALTERNATE | PRINT                                                                                                        Description: SET DEVICE TO sends formatted @...SAY lines either to the      screen, to the file named in the SET ALTERNATE TO command, or to the        printer. If the DEVICE specified is ALTERNATE or PRINT, @...GET commands    are ignored. The default setting is to SCREEN.                                                                                                                                                                                      Command: SET DOHISTORY                                                      Syntax: SET DOHISTORY ON | OFF                                                                                                                          Description: History, dBXL's record of recently executed commands,          normally stores only commands entered at the dBXL prompt. With SET          DOHISTORY ON, commands executed from within programs are also stored in     HISTORY.                                                                                                                                                The default setting is SET DOHISTORY OFF.                                   Command: SET ESCAPE                                                         Syntax: SET ESCAPE ON | OFF                                                                                                                             Description: With SET ESCAPE ON, the default setting, you may halt          execution of a program by pressing the Esc key. Once halted, you are        given the choice of abandoning, restarting, or suspending the program's     execution. If SET ESCAPE is OFF, the Esc key has no effect. With SET        ESCAPE ON, certain time consuming commands may be halted mid-execution.                                                                                 Command: SET FEED                                                           Syntax: SET FEED ON | OFF                                                                                                                               Description: SET FEED controls the printer's response to an @...SAY         command that specifies a line above the current line. When SET FEED is      ON (the default setting), the printer form feeds to the next page if an     @...SAY command specifies a line above the current line. The top of form    is then set as line 0. When SET FEED is OFF, the printer will not form      feed, and the current line is set as line 0.                                Command: SET FIELDS                                                         Syntax: SET FIELDS ON | OFF                                                                                                                             Description: SET FIELDS controls the effect of the field list on command    executions. When SET FIELDS is ON, only the fields specified in the SET     FIELDS TO field list are processed. When SET FIELDS is OFF, all fields      in the active database are processed. When dBXL is first executed, SET      FIELDS is OFF. However, if a SET FIELDS TO declaration is made, SET         FIELDS is set ON.                                                           Command: SET FUNCTION                                                       Syntax: SET FUNCTION <label> TO <charExp>                                                                                                               Description: SET FUNCTION assigns a character expression to the             specified function key. The function key label, <label>, may be of type     Numeric or Character, depending on the label assignments of your            terminal. A semicolon in <charExp> causes an <� at that point when the      function key is pressed.                                                                                                                                Command: SET HEADING                                                        Syntax: SET HEADING ON | OFF                                                                                                                            Description: SET HEADING OFF suppresses the display of field names at       the beginning of LISTs and DISPLAYs. The default setting, SET HEADING       ON, displays the field headings.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Command: SET HISTORY                                                        Syntax: SET HISTORY ON | OFF                                                                                                                            Description: SET HISTORY ON (the default setting) saves all commands to     History for later recall. Conversely, SET HISTORY OFF does not save         commands to History for future recall.                                                                                                                  To retrieve commands stored in History, press either the Up or Down         arrows.                                                                     Command: SET HISTORY TO                                                     Syntax: SET HISTORY TO [<numExp>]                                                                                                                       Description: SET HISTORY TO determines the number of commands retained      in the History file, dBXL's internal record of recently executed            commands. You can recall commands stored in the History file with the up    and down arrow keys. The default setting is 20 commands, unless other-      wise specified in CONFIG.XL, and the limit is 32,767.                                                                                                   Command: SET INDEX                                                          Syntax: SET INDEX TO [<index file list>]                                                                                                                Description: SET INDEX closes open index files before opening the files     in the index file list. If no list is included, SET INDEX closes open       index files.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Command: SET INTENSITY                                                      Syntax: SET INTENSITY ON | OFF                                                                                                                          Description: With SET INTENSITY ON, the enhanced display mode is used       for input fields such as those displayed with @...GET or with EDIT.         Typically, enhanced display for monochrome systems is black characters      on a white background. With SET INTENSITY OFF, however, input fields are    displayed in standard video mode.                                                                                                                       Command: SET MARGIN                                                         Syntax: SET MARGIN TO <numExp>                                                                                                                          Description: SET MARGIN TO positions the left-hand margin of the printer    to the specified column, <numExp>. The default margin position is 0.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Command: SET MEMOWIDTH                                                      Syntax: SET MEMOWIDTH TO [numExp]                                                                                                                       Description: SET MEMOWIDTH sets the width of the display line for memo      fields. [numExp] may evaluate to any number from 8 to 255. If no number     expression is given, the memo width is returned to its default setting      of 50.                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Command: SET ODOMETER                                                       Syntax: SET ODOMETER TO <numExp>                                                                                                                        Description: SET ODOMETER controls the frequency with which the on-         screen counter is updated during the execution of commands such as          COUNT, SUM, and AVERAGE. SET ODOMETER TO defaults to 1, so that the         counter is incremented for every record counted. Higher settings of SET     ODOMETER allow the indicator to update less frequently.                                                                                                 Command: SET ORDER                                                          Syntax: SET ORDER TO <numExp>                                                                                                                           Description: SET ORDER TO makes the specified index file <numExp> the       active index in the current work area, but does not open or close any of    the other index files. If the specified index number, <numExp>, is 0,       the database is ordered by record number. The record pointer is not         affected by SET ORDER TO.                                                                                                                               Command: SET PATH                                                           Syntax: SET PATH TO [<path list>]                                                                                                                       Description: SET PATH TO makes <path list>, the search path for locating    files. SET PATH TO with no arguments resets the search path to the          current directory. The order of paths <path list> determines the order      in which dBXL searches directories to locate a file. A search path lets     you open files located on directories other than the current directory      without having to type a path specifier for each file opening command.      Command: SET PRINT                                                          Syntax: SET PRINT ON | OFF                                                                                                                              Description: SET PRINT ON sends all standard output to the printer, as      well as to the screen. Conversely, SET PRINT OFF (the default setting)      sends output only to the screen. Commands that display output to a          specific place on the screen (such as EDIT, BROWSE, and @...SAY) are not    affected by SET PRINT ON, and are not sent to the printer.                                                                                              Command: SET PRINTER                                                        Syntax: SET PRINTER TO <device>                                                                                                                         Description: SET PRINTER TO sends all printer-intended output to the        specified printer, <device>. The default printer is LPT1.                                                                                               Possible printer device names include the parallel device ports LPT1,       LPT2, and LPT3, and the serial device ports COM1 and COM2.                                                                                              Command: SET PROCEDURE                                                      Syntax: SET PROCEDURE TO [<filename> | ? | <skeleton>]                                                                                                  Description: SET PROCEDURE TO opens the procedure file, <filename>. Once    open, a DO <program name> command causes dBXL to search within the file     for the program. It is executed if found. Otherwise, dBXL searches for a    program file on disk to execute. Procedure files can contain up to 32       procedures. If no <filename> is given, the current PROCEDURE file is        closed. <filename> is assumed to have a .prg extension.                     Command: SET RETRACE                                                        Syntax: SET RETRACE ON|OFF                                                                                                                              Description: SET RETRACE controls the method by which the screen is         drawn. With SET RETRACE ON, dBXL waits for a vertical retrace before        writing to screen. With SET RETRACE OFF, the default setting, dBXL          writes to the screen continuously. If you see "snow" (video interfer-       ence) with dBXL, your terminal does not support the faster mode of          screen writing. You can SET RETRACE ON to eliminate the snow.               Command: SET SAFETY                                                         Syntax: SET SAFETY ON | OFF                                                                                                                             Description: SET SAFETY ON, the default setting, prompts the user for       confirmation when a file is about to be overwritten, ERASEd, or ZAPped.     Conversely, SET SAFETY OFF does not.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Command: SET SCOREBOARD                                                     Syntax: SET SCOREBOARD ON | OFF                                                                                                                         Description: SET SCOREBOARD OFF turns off the status messages that are      displayed on line 0 of the screen. SET SCOREBOARD ON, the default           setting, displays messages on line 0 of the screen, possibly overwriting    a user display.                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Command: SET TALK                                                           Syntax: SET TALK ON | OFF                                                                                                                               Description: SET TALK ON, the default setting, lets dBXL display            information concerning the execution of commands. SET TALK OFF, on the      other hand, is generally used in programs to suppress these messages.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Command: SET TIME                                                           Syntax: SET TIME TO <hh:mm:ss>                                                                                                                          Description: SET TIME TO allows you to set the system time to the           specified time, <hh:mm:ss>.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Command: SET TYPEAHEAD                                                      Syntax: SET TYPEAHEAD TO <numExp>                                                                                                                       Description: SET TYPEAHEAD TO adjusts the size of the keyboard type-        ahead buffer to <numExp> characters. The default size is 128 characters.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Command: SET UNIQUE                                                         Syntax: SET UNIQUE ON | OFF                                                                                                                             Description: When a database is indexed with SET UNIQUE ON, only those      records having unique key expressions are included in the index. If         multiple records have the same key expression, only the first record is     included in the index file. SET UNIQUE OFF includes all records in the      index file.                                                                                                                                             Command: STORE                                                              Syntax: STORE <exp> TO <memvar list>                                                                                                                    Description: STORE creates and assigns a value <exp> to the memory          variable(s) specified in the <memvar list>. Previously created memory       variables of the same name as any in the <memvar list> are replaced by      the new variable(s).                                                                                                                                                                                                                Command: TYPE                                                               Syntax: TYPE <filename> | ? | <skeleton> [TO PRINT]                                                                                                     Description: TYPE displays the contents of specified disk file,             <filename>. TO PRINT sends output to the printer as well as to the          screen.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Command: WAIT                                                               Syntax: WAIT [<prompt>] [TO <memvar>]                                                                                                                   Description: WAIT pauses program execution until a single key is            pressed. If <prompt> is specified, the string is displayed before input     is taken. TO <memvar> specifies the memory variable in which the single     character will be stored. If <� is pressed in response to WAIT TO           <memvar>, a null (ASCII 0) is stored to the memory variable.                                                                                            Command: ZAP                                                                Syntax: ZAP                                                                                                                                             Description: ZAP removes all records in a database. All open indexes are    also emptied.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Command: !                                                                  Syntax: ! <DOS command>                                                                                                                                 Description: ! runs a DOS executable program and returns control to         dBXL. ! and RUN are identical dBXL commands.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Command: =                                                                  Syntax: <memvar> = <exp>                                                                                                                                Description: = stores an expression, <exp>, to the specified memory         variable <memvar>. Unlike STORE, = can only store an expression to one      memory variable at a time. <memvar> may not be a command verb.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Command: ?                                                                  Syntax: ? <exp>                                                                                                                                         Description: ? displays the specified expression, <exp>, on the screen.     The <exp> is displayed at the beginning of the line following the           current cursor position. If no argument is specified, ? moves the cursor    down to the beginning of the next line. If the specified expression is      longer than the width of the screen, the contents wrap to the next line.                                                                                Command: ??                                                                 Syntax: ?? <exp>                                                                                                                                        Description: ?? displays the specified <exp> on the screen. The <exp> is    displayed at the current cursor position. If no argument is specified,      ?? does not move the cursor. If the specified expression is longer than     the width of the screen, the contents wrap to the next line.                                                                                                                                                                        Command: @...CLEAR                                                          Syntax: @ <row 1>, <column 1> CLEAR [TO <row 2>, <column 2>]                                                                                            Description: @...CLEAR moves the cursor to specified <row 1> and <column    1>, and clears the screen below and to the right of cursor. If TO is        specified, dBXL clears the area specified between the first set of          coordinates, <row 1>, <column 1> (as the top left corner), and the          second set, <row 2> and <column 2> (as the lower right corner).                                                                                         Command: @...TO                                                             Syntax: @ <row 1>,<column 1> TO <row 2>,<column 2> [DOUBLE]                                                                                             Description: @...TO draws a single-lined box on the screen as defined by    the row and column coordinates. Coordinates 1 are the top left corner of    the box, and coordinates 2 are the lower right corner.                                                                                                  If DOUBLE is specified, the box is drawn with a double line border.                                                                                     Command: CANCEL                                                             Syntax: CANCEL                                                                                                                                          Description: CANCEL is a programming command that halts program             execution, closes program files, clears memory variables, and returns       control to the dBXL prompt.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Command: DO WHILE                                                           Syntax: DO WHILE <condition>                                                          <statements>                                                              ENDDO                                                                                                                                           Description: DO WHILE is a programming command that executes the            <statements> while <condition> is true. Program control only passes into    the loop if the <condition> is true during the first execution of the DO    WHILE. ENDDO returns control to the preceding DO WHILE statement.           Command: EXIT                                                               Syntax: EXIT                                                                                                                                            Description: EXIT jumps program flow out of the active DO WHILE loop.       Upon execution, the first command after the ENDDO of the active loop is     executed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Command: LOOP                                                               Syntax: LOOP                                                                                                                                            Description: LOOP is a programming command that discontinues execution      of the commands within a DO WHILE loop and returns control to the           beginning of the loop. The DO WHILE condition is then re-evaluated.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Command: NOTE                                                               Syntax: NOTE <comments>                                                                                                                                 Description: NOTE is a programming command that marks the entire command    line as a non-executable comment. NOTE must be the first word on the        line.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Command: PARAMETERS                                                         Syntax: PARAMETERS <parameter list>                                                                                                                     Description: PARAMETERS specifies memory variable names for data passed     from a calling program. Variables are passed to a program via the WITH      option of the DO command. The receiving program must have a matching        PARAMETERS command as the first executable command in a program file.       Variables passed to a program in this way may be altered by the             receiving program.                                                          Command: RESUME                                                             Syntax: RESUME                                                                                                                                          Description: RESUME resumes execution of a program that was halted with     SUSPEND.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Command: RETRY                                                              Syntax: RETRY                                                                                                                                           Description: RETRY is a programming command that returns control from a     subprogram file to the line of the higher program that caused the           subprogram to be called. RETRY differs from RETURN only in that RETRY       returns to the higher program and re-executes the calling line, while       RETURN returns to the higher program and executes the following line.                                                                                   Command RETURN                                                              Syntax: RETURN [TO MASTER]                                                                                                                              Description: RETURN is a programming command that ends execution of a       program or procedure, clears memory variables created by that program or    procedure, and returns control to the calling program or procedure.                                                                                     If TO MASTER is specified, program control is returned to the highest       level program file.                                                         Command: SET DEBUG                                                          Syntax: SET DEBUG ON | OFF                                                                                                                              Description: SET DEBUG ON sends commands displayed under SET ECHO to the    printer. The default is SET DEBUG OFF. When SET ECHO is ON and SET DEBUG    is OFF, program command lines and program output are sent to the screen.    When SET DEBUG and SET ECHO are ON, program command lines are sent to       the printer, and program output is sent to the screen. SET DEBUG has no     effect if SET ECHO is OFF.                                                  Command: SET ECHO                                                           Syntax: SET ECHO ON | OFF                                                                                                                               Description: SET ECHO ON causes program command lines to be displayed as    they execute. The default is SET ECHO OFF.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Command: SET STEP                                                           Syntax: SET STEP ON | OFF                                                                                                                               Description: During program execution, SET STEP ON causes dBXL to pause     before each command line and offer three options: SPACE to Step, S to       Suspend, ESC to Cancel.                                                                                                                                 The default is SET STEP OFF. If a program is suspended during a step-by-    step execution, it may be resumed again using RESUME.                       Command: TEXT                                                               Syntax: TEXT                                                                          <block of text>                                                           ENDTEXT                                                                                                                                         Description: TEXT is a programming command used to display a block of       text. Starting at the line after the current cursor, TEXT displays          <block of text> on screen. If a dBXL command is found between the TEXT      and ENDTEXT declarations, it is also displayed as text.                     Command: && <comment>                                                       Syntax: &&                                                                                                                                              Description: && is a programming command that allows comments to be         placed to the right of commands on a command line.                                                                                                      && may not be used after a semicolon on the same line.                                                                                                                                                                              Command: * <comment>                                                        Syntax: *                                                                                                                                               Description: * is a programming command that marks the entire line as a     non-executable comment. It must be the first non-blank character on the     line.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Command: *\ <command>                                                       Syntax: *\                                                                                                                                              Description: *\ is a special programming command that marks a line as a     comment to dBASE, but as a valid command to Quicksilver and dBXL.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Function: CEIL()                                                            Syntax: CEIL(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                  Description: CEIL() returns the smallest integer greater than or equal      to <numExp>.                                                                                                                                            Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Function: FLOOR()                                                           Syntax: FLOOR(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: FLOOR() returns the largest integer less than or equal to      <numExp>.                                                                                                                                               Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Command: SET USERHELP                                                       Syntax: SET USERHELP ON|OFF                                                                                                                             Description: SET USERHELP cause dBXL to display help messages that have     been defined with the HELP option of @...SAY...GET. If SET USERHELP is      ON, any user defined help messages are displayed when F1 is pressed in a    GET input area. If SET USERHELP is OFF, these messages are suppressed.                                                                                                                                                              Function: LOG10()                                                           Syntax: LOG10(<numExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: LOG10() returns the logarithm in base 10 of the specified      numeric argument.                                                                                                                                       Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                    Command: SET                                                                Syntax: SET                                                                                                                                             Description: SET is a full-screen command that enables you to modify the    current environmental settings. SET guides you in editing the values of     SET commands, including those that control screen color options,            function key definitions, which files are open, and default drive and       path designations.                                                                                                                                      Function: SOUNDEX()                                                         Syntax: SOUNDEX(<charExp>)                                                                                                                              Description: SOUNDEX() converts a character string to Soundex form, a       phonetically equivalent string.                                                                                                                         Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                Command: CREATE VIEW ... FROM ENVIRONMENT                                   Syntax: CREATE VIEW <filename> FROM ENVIRONMENT                                                                                                         Description: CREATE VIEW...FROM ENVIRONMENT creates view file <filename>    which defines the working environment at the time the view file is          created. The working environment includes any open database and index       files, the active fields list, and open format files. You can restore       the working environment with SET VIEW TO <filename>. dBXL assumes a         .vue extension for <filename> if no extension is specified.                 Command: MODIFY QUERY and CREATE QUERY                                      Syntax: MODIFY QUERY <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                        Description: MODIFY QUERY is a full-screen command that enables you to      define a filter condition for the active database. Once a filter is         activated with the SET FILTER command, dBXL processes only selected         records of the active database. <filename> is given a .qry extension by     default. CREATE QUERY is the same as MODIFY QUERY except that CREATE        QUERY does not allow ? or <skeleton> in the command line.                   Command: CLEAR AUTOMEM                                                      Syntax: CLEAR AUTOMEM                                                                                                                                   Description: Resets the automem variables to their empty states. Also       creates automem variables if they do not exist.                                                                                                         Use CLEAR AUTOMEM to reset automem variables before using @...SAY...GET     or to create automem variables from an already-opened database.                                                                                         Function: SELECT()                                                          Syntax: SELECT()                                                                                                                                        Description: Returns an integer from 1 to 10 corresponding to the           currently selected work area.                                                                                                                           Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Command: DOSINT                                                             Syntax: DOSINT <interrupt number>,<memory variable list>                                                                                                Description: Calls the interrupt routine identified by <interrupt           number>. DOSINT may call both DOS and BIOS interrupts. Each variable in     the <memory variable list> is mapped to a register. The first four          variables are mapped to AX-DX. The fifth and sixth variables are mapped     to SI and DI.                                                                                                                                           Function: DTOS()                                                            Syntax: DTOS(<dateExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: Returns a date formatted as YYYYMMDD. DTOS() can be used to    form indexes with dates as part of the key that are not affected by SET     DATE.                                                                       For example:                                                                     INDEX ON Name + DTOS(Date) TO Logbook                                  Data Types: Accepts Date and returns Character.                             Command: ON KEY                                                             Syntax: ON KEY [<key>] [<command>]                                                                                                                      Description: ON KEY causes dBXL to execute <command> when you press         <key> during program execution. <key> can be the key letter or number       itself, a control key sequence prefixed with a caret (^), or a keyboard     scan code specific to your computer. <command> without <key> causes dBXL    to execute command when any key is pressed. ON KEY with no arguments        cancels the effect of any previous ON KEY command.                          Command: ON ERROR                                                           Syntax: ON ERROR [<command>]                                                                                                                            Description: ON ERROR causes dBXL to execute <command> whenever a dBXL      syntax error is detected. (ON ERROR has no effect when a DOS or hardware    error is detected.)                                                                                                                                     ON ERROR with no arguments cancels the effect of any previous ON ERROR      command.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Description: You entered a command or function that is not supported in     your version of dBXL. Check with WordTech Systems, Inc. concerning the      latest release number and upgrade policies.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Function: WACTIVE()                                                         Syntax: WACTIVE()                                                                                                                                       Definition: WACTIVE() indicates whether the currently selected window       area is in use. If it is, .T. is returned. Otherwise, .F. is returned.                                                                                  Data Types: Returns Logical.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Function: WSELECT()                                                         Syntax: WSELECT()                                                                                                                                       Definition: WSELECT() returns the number of the currently selected          window area, from 0 to 99.                                                                                                                              Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Function: WACTIVE()                                                         Syntax: WACTIVE()                                                                                                                                       Definition: WACTIVE() indicates whether the currently selected window       area is in use. If it is, .T. is returned. Otherwise, .F. is returned.                                                                                  Data Types: Returns Logical.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Command: WABANDON                                                           Syntax: WABANDON [[<area #> [TO <area #>]] | ALL]                                                                                                       Definition: WABANDON de-selects a window or windows previously selected     using the WSELECT command. The window is not removed from the screen.       WABANDON with no parameters de-selects the window in the currently          selected area and selects area zero. You may also specify that one, a       range, or ALL windows be abandoned. If you specify a range, area numbers    must be ordered from lowest to highest. You cannot abandon area zero.       Command: WCOPY                                                              Syntax: WCOPY TO <area #>                                                                                                                               Definition: WCOPY copies the frame and window information in the            currently selected area to the specified destination window area. If a      window already exists in that area, it is cleared. dBXL does not allow      you to copy either to area zero or to the currently selected area.                                                                                                                                                                  Command: WDISPLAY                                                           Syntax: WDISPLAY [<area #> [TO <area #>] | ALL]                                                                                                         Definition: WDISPLAY clears the contents of the specified window and re-    displays the frame. WDISPLAY with no parameters clears the contents and     redisplays the window in the currently selected area. In addition, you      may specify that one, a range, or ALL windows be displayed. A range must    be entered from lowest to highest area number.                                                                                                          Command: WMOVE                                                              Syntax: WMOVE TO <row> [,<col>]                                                                                                                         Definition: WMOVE closes the current window and reopens it with the same    contents at the specified <row> and <col>. WMOVE <row> moves                the window to the new row without changing the column position. WMOVE       <row>,<col> moves the window to a new column as well. <row> is a Numeric    value from 0 to 23; <col> is a Numeric value from 0 to 79.                                                                                              Command: WRELEASE                                                           Syntax: WRELEASE <window> | ALL                                                                                                                         Definition: WRELEASE releases a window declared with the WSET WINDOW        command. A maximum of 99 windows may be declared during a programming       session. If you need to use a window in excess of these 99, you must        first WRELEASE one of the windows declared earlier. WRELEASE ALL            releases all previously declared windows.                                                                                                               Command: WRESTORE                                                           Syntax: WRESTORE [FROM <screen file> | ? | <skeleton>]                                                                                                  Definition: WRESTORE FROM <screen file> redisplays an image that was        saved in a screen file with the WSAVE TO command. If a window is open in    the currently selected area, it is closed before the screen image is        displayed. Window images can be WRESTOREd from individual screen files      or from a master screen file created by the utility BUILDWIN.EXE. Refer     to the manual for more details.                                             Command: WSAVE                                                              Syntax: WSAVE [TO <screen file>]                                                                                                                        Definition: WSAVE saves a window and its contents to a screen file for      future recall. To save only the contents of the window, use the WSET        FRAME OFF command. <Screen file> may be any valid file name up to eight     characters, followed by an extension. If an extension is not used, the      default is .SCN. To combine multiple screen files in one master file,       use the BUILDWIN.EXE utility. Refer to the manual for more details.         Command: WSELECT                                                            Syntax: WSELECT <area #>                                                                                                                                Definition: WSELECT selects which of dBXL's 100 window areas is to be       active. In order to open a window, a window area must first be selected.    Once an area is selected and a predefined window opened with the WUSE       command, all screen input and output will take place within that window     according to its own coordinate system.                                                                                                                 Command: WSET FRAME                                                         Syntax: WSET FRAME ON|OFF                                                                                                                               Definition: WSET FRAME allows control of the frame display. If WSET         FRAME is OFF, window frames will not be displayed when you issue a WUSE     or WDISPLAY command, nor will they be saved when the WSAVE command is       used.                                                                                                                                                   By default, WSET FRAME is set ON.                                           Command: WSET SIZE                                                          Syntax: WSET SIZE TO <top row>, <top col>, <bot row>, <bot col>                                                                                         Definition: WSET SIZE erases the contents and changes the size of the       current window. The four required parameters represent the corners of       the text window after resizing. The coordinates are the corners of the      text window, not the frame. Therefore, if WSET FRAME is ON, windows must    be sized so that the window frame fits on the screen.                                                                                                   Command: WUSE                                                               Syntax: WUSE [<window name> [TITLE <string> [LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT]]]                                                                                       Definition: WUSE <window name> opens a window in the selected window        area and closes any window previously open in that area. WUSE with no       parameters closes the current window. TITLE specifies a string to           display at the top of the window frame, and the options LEFT, CENTER, or    RIGHT indicate its position. If no location option is specified, the        title is centered. A window may not be WUSEd in window area zero.           Command: RESTORE GRAPH                                                      Syntax: RESTORE GRAPH FROM <filename>| ? |<skeleton> [PAINT] [TO PRINT]                                                                                 Description: RESTORE GRAPH displays the graph stored in <filename>.         Graphs are created with GRAPH FORM TO FILE <filename>, and with CREATE      GRAPH. If you do not specify a <filename> extension, and do not include     the PAINT option, dBXL assumes a .bit extension. If you do include          PAINT, dBXL restores a graph, assuming a .pcx extension, formatted for      PC Paintbrush(TM). If you include TO PRINT, the graph is printed.           Command: ON EVENT                                                           Syntax: ON EVENT [<command>]                                                                                                                            Description: ON EVENT specifies the action dBXL is to take when a           processing event (such as a transmission to a modem) is detected by SET     EVENT. <command> can be any valid dBXL command.                                                                                                         ON EVENT with no parameters removes the effect of any previously entered    ON EVENT command.                                                           Command: EXPORT                                                             Syntax: EXPORT TO <filename> TYPE VENTURA                                                                                                               Definition: EXPORT copies the active database to <filename> in a format     suitable for input to Xerox Ventura Publisher(TM) desktop publishing        software.                                                                                                                                               If you do not specify an extension, EXPORT assigns a .tag extension to      <filename>.                                                                 Function: PRINTER()                                                         Syntax: PRINTER(<charExp>)                                                                                                                              Description: PRINTER() returns .T. if the printer connected to the port     whose name is specified by <charExp> is on-line. Returns .F. if there is    no printer connected to the specified port, or if the device is off-        line. Valid port names are LPT1, LPT2, COM1, and COM2.                                                                                                  Data Types: Returns Logical.                                                Function: MEMORY()                                                          Syntax: MEMORY()                                                                                                                                        Description: MEMORY() returns the number of bytes of Random Access          Memory currently available.                                                                                                                             Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Function: ITOH()                                                            Syntax: ITOH (<numExp 1> [,<numExp 2>])                                                                                                                 Description: ITOH() returns a character string containing the hexa-         decimal equivalent of <numExp 1>. <numExp 2> is an option that makes the    string <numExp 2> characters long, padding it with leading zeros if         necessary.                                                                                                                                              Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Character.                          Function: HTOI()                                                            Syntax: HTOI(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                 Description: HTOI() returns a number that is the decimal equivalent         of the hexadecimal number in <charExp>.                                                                                                                 Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Numeric.                                                                                                                                                                                  Command: ASSIST                                                             Syntax: ASSIST                                                                                                                                          Description: ASSIST invokes INTRO, dBXL's menu interface. With INTRO,       you can perform basic dBXL operations by choosing menu options rather       than by entering commands at the XL prompt. INTRO lets you create, edit,    and search databases. You can also view data on the screen, and produce     labels and reports.                                                         ASSIST produces the same results as INTRO.                                  Command: CLEAR KEY                                                          Syntax: CLEAR KEY                                                                                                                                       Description: CLEAR KEY clears the keyboard typeahead buffer. Use CLEAR      KEY in a program before input commands and functions to ensure that the     data processed comes from the keyboard rather than from the typeahead       buffer.                                                                                                                                                 CLEAR KEY and CLEAR TYPEAHEAD achieve identical results.                    Command: CLOSE UDF                                                          Syntax: CLOSE UDF                                                                                                                                       Description: CLOSE UDF closes a function file opened with SET UDF TO        <filename>. A function file is a .prg file containing up to 32 defini-      tions of User Defined Functions. Opening a function file makes these        functions available for use. Since only one function file can be open at    a time, opening a function file also closes the current one. SET UDF TO     with no file name produces the same results as CLOSE UDF.                   Command: DOWNSCROLL                                                         Syntax: DOWNSCROLL <numExp>                                                                                                                             Description: DOWNSCROLL moves the screen or window text down <numExp>       lines, reversing the normal direction of scrolling. While the screen        text moves, the cursor does not.                                                                                                                        If <numExp> is less than or equal to 0, no scrolling occurs.                                                                                            Command: FLUSH                                                              Syntax: FLUSH                                                                                                                                           Description: dBXL stores edits in a data buffer, and automatically          writes these edits to disk when the buffer is full or when databases        and/or indexes are closed. FLUSH saves data to disk from open databases     and/or indexes, allowing you to ensure data integrity and maximize          available memory. Since FLUSH slows execution, use it only when addi-       tional execution time is not a concern.                                     Command: GENERATE                                                           Syntax: GENERATE <numExp>                                                                                                                               Description: GENERATE appends <numExp> records to the active database,      filling them with randomly generated data of the appropriate type. Al-      though GENERATE creates Memo fields, it does not fill their associated      .dbt files with data. GENERATE is designed to fill databases quickly for    program testing and debugging.                                                                                                                          Command: MODIFY FILE and CREATE FILE                                        Syntax: MODIFY FILE <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                         Description: MODIFY FILE displays a file for editing. If <filename>         does not include a file extension, MODIFY FILE assumes none.                                                                                            CREATE FILE is identical to MODIFY FILE except that CREATE FILE does        note allow ? or <skeleton> in the command line.                                                                                                         Command: RELEASE MODULE                                                     Syntax: RELEASE MODULE <module name>                                                                                                                    Description: RELEASE MODULE removes the specified binary file from          memory. <module name> does not include the binary file's extension.                                                                                     Up to ten binary files can be stored in active memory with LOAD. RELEASE    MODULE frees needed memory and allows the LOADing of additional binary      files.                                                                      Command: SET CURSORMOVE                                                     Syntax: SET CURSORMOVE ON | OFF                                                                                                                         Description: SET CURSORMOVE determines whether the cursor moves while       the screen is updated. If SET CURSORMOVE is OFF, the default setting,       the cursor stays in the upper left corner while the screen is updated.      If SET CURSORMOVE is ON, dBXL positions the cursor after each character     as it is written to the screen. Commands such as @...SAY...GET and WAIT     are not affected. CONFIG.XL can contain the CURSORMOVE parameter.           Command: SET UDF                                                            Syntax: SET UDF TO [<filename> | ? | <skeleton>]                                                                                                        Description: SET UDF opens a function file, making all the functions in     <filename> available for use. A function file is a .prg file containing     up to 32 definitions of User Defined Functions.                                                                                                         Close a function file by opening another with SET UDF, by using             SET UDF TO with no option, or by using CLOSE UDF.                           Command: SET VIEW                                                           Syntax: SET VIEW TO [<filename> | ? | <skeleton>]                                                                                                       Description: SET VIEW opens the view file <filename> defined with CREATE    VIEW...FROM ENVIRONMENT. dBXL assumes a .vue extension. A view file re-     stores a working environment: open databases and index files, their         work area numbers, all relations, the active field list, the filter, and    the open format file.                                                                                                                                   Command: UPSCROLL                                                           Syntax: UPSCROLL <numExp>                                                                                                                               Description: UPSCROLL scrolls the current screen or window text up          <numExp> lines, the normal direction of scrolling. The screen text          moves and the cursor does not.                                                                                                                          If <numExp> is less than or equal to 0, no scrolling occurs.                                                                                            Command: WDISPLAY STATUS                                                    Syntax: WDISPLAY STATUS                                                                                                                                 Description: WDISPLAY STATUS displays the area number of the current        window area, the setting of WSET FRAME, and all window names and            coordinates defined with WSET WINDOW.                                                                                                                   Use WDISPLAY STATUS as a debugging or testing tool, when information on     window definitions and the current window area is useful.                   Command: &&\                                                                Syntax: &&\<command>                                                                                                                                    Description: &&\ executes <command> if COMMENT=ON in CONFIG.XL. If          COMMENT=OFF, dBXL ignores the command. &&\ can appear anywhere within       a program line, but cannot follow a semicolon on the same line. Since       dBASE III Plus ignores commands following &&\, you can use this command     with dBXL-unique commands in programs run in both dBXL and dBASE III        Plus.                                                                       Command: SET MESSAGE TO                                                     Syntax: SET MESSAGE TO [<charExp>]                                                                                                                      Description: SET MESSAGE TO displays <charExp> in the center of the last    line of the screen (line 24). This message appears only when SET STATUS     is ON and during the interactive command mode or the execution of full-     screen editing commands such as APPEND and CHANGE. The default setting      is a null string " ", unless otherwise specified in CONFIG.XL, so           SET MESSAGE TO with no parameters clears line 24 as the default setting.    Command: SLEEP                                                              Syntax: SLEEP <numExp> | UNTIL  <charExp 1> [,<charExp 2>]                                                                                              Description: SLEEP makes dBXL pause either for <numExp> seconds, or         UNTIL a specified time (<charExp 1>). The specified time is the same day    unless you indicate a different date in <charExp 2>. <numExp> must          evaluate to a number between 1 and 65535. The standard format for           <charExp 1> is HH:MM:SS. The standard format for <charExp 2> is             MM/DD/YY.                                                                   Command: KEYBOARD                                                           Syntax: KEYBOARD <charExp>                                                                                                                              Description: KEYBOARD puts the value of <charExp> into the typeahead        buffer and clears any characters previously in the buffer. If characters    are in the typeahead buffer at a time when dBXL executes a command that     requires keyboard input (such as WAIT), dBXL "types" as many characters     from the buffer as the command requires. As each character is typed, it     is removed from the keyboard typeahead buffer.                              Command: MODIFY GRAPH and CREATE GRAPH                                      Syntax: MODIFY GRAPH <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                        Description: MODIFY GRAPH is a full-screen command that enables you to      modify and display a graph form file for the active database.               <filename>, given a .grf extension unless otherwise specified, contains     the information dBXL needs to generate a graph. CREATE GRAPH is             identical to MODIFY GRAPH except that CREATE GRAPH does not allow ? or      <skeleton> in the command line.                                             Function: READKEY()                                                         Syntax: READKEY()                                                                                                                                       Description: READKEY() returns a number either between 0 and 16 or 256      and 272 depending on the keystroke used to exit from a full-screen          editing command such as EDIT or READ. A returned value of greater than      255 indicates that modifications were made to the data. Sample key codes    are below (add 256 to calculate modified data return code).                         Key used to exit from screen:         READKEY() Value:                           <-           Ctrl-S                     0                                   ->           Ctrl-D                     1                                   ^            Ctrl-E                     4                                   v            Ctrl-X                     5                                   PgUp         Ctrl-R                     6                                   PgDn         Ctrl-C                     7                      Data Types: Returns Numeric.                                                Function: STR()                                                             Syntax: STR(<numExp 1>[,<numExp 2>] [,<numExp 3>])                                                                                                      Description: STR() returns the character string equivalent of <numExp       1>. <numExp 2> limits the returned string to <numExp 2> characters          (default is 10). <numExp 3> reserves <numExp 3> characters for digits       right of the decimal point (default is 0). dBXL returns asterisks if        <numExp 2> is smaller than the number of digits in <numExp 1>.                                                                                          Data Types: Accepts Numeric and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Function: SUBSTR()                                                          Syntax: SUBSTR(<charExp>,<numExp 1>[,<numExp 2>])                                                                                                       Description: SUBSTR() returns a portion of the original string              <charExp>, beginning at the position specified by <numExp 1>. <numExp 2>    designates the number of characters returned from <charExp>. If <numExp     2> is not specified, SUBSTR() returns the rest of the characters in the     string.                                                                                                                                                 Data Types: Accepts Character and Numeric and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Command: ACCEPT                                                             Syntax: ACCEPT [<prompt>] TO <memvar>                                                                                                                   Description: ACCEPT stores the entered expression to the specified          memory variable. If a character string is entered for <prompt>, this        string is displayed before keyboard input is accepted.                                                                                                  The ACCEPTed expression is assigned Character type. The maximum number      of characters allowed in the input string is 254.                                                                                                       Pressing <� at the end of keyboard input marks the end of the input         string. If the user presses <� without entering any characters, the         memory variable is assigned a null value.                                                                                                               The memory variable need not be initialized before issuing an ACCEPT        command.                                                                    Command: APPEND                                                             Syntax: APPEND                                                                                                                                          Description: APPEND adds a record to the end of the active database and     displays an edit screen for data entry. When you press <� in the last       field of the newly APPENDed record, APPEND adds another record and          returns to the edit screen. dBXL continues this process until you leave     the first field of an edit screen blank, issue a Ctrl-End, or press Esc.                                                                                APPEND adds a blank record unless SET CARRY is ON, in which case the        APPENDed record contains data carried over from the previous record. If     a format file is open, APPEND activates the file rather than displaying     the standard dBXL edit screen.                                                                                                                          dBXL updates all open index files when you exit APPEND.                                                                                                 Command: APPEND FROM                                                        Syntax: APPEND FROM <filename> | ? | <skeleton> [[FOR <condition>] |        [[TYPE] SDF | DIF | SYLK | WKS | DELIMITED [WITH  <char> | BLANK]]]                                                                                     Description: APPEND FROM adds records to the end of the active database     from <filename>. The named file may be a dBXL database; of a file TYPE      SDF (System Data Format), DIF (VisiCalc), SYLK (Multiplan), or WKS          (Lotus 1-2-3); or a text file whose data items are DELIMITED WITH <char>    or BLANK spaces. Use FOR <condition> to limit the records being             added when APPENDing FROM a dBXL database.                                                                                                              When APPENDing FROM a dBXL database, usually only those <filename>          fields whose names and types are common to both files are APPENDed. If      these common fields are of different lengths, dBXL either pads or trun-     cates the appended data to fit the length of the active database.                                                                                       Command: INTRO                                                              Syntax: INTRO                                                                                                                                           Description: INTRO is a full screen command that adds a menu-driven         interface to dBXL. dBXL's core data manipulation commands are organized     under BEGIN, ALTER, FIND, and SHOW. Help messages guide you through of      the selection process.                                                                                                                                  INTRO contains only a subset of dBXL features, but it is powerful enough    for most database needs. With INTRO, you can create, alter, and query       databases, and generate reports and labels.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Command: AVERAGE                                                            Syntax: AVERAGE [<scope>] [<exp list>] [WHILE <condition>]                  [FOR <condition>] [TO <memvar list>]                                                                                                                    Description: AVERAGE averages numeric fields for all records of the         active database. If you specify <exp list>, dBXL AVERAGEs only the des-     ignated expressions. With <scope>/<condition>, only those records           matching the scope or condition enter into the calculation. If you          AVERAGE TO <memvar list>, the number of memory variables must equal the     number of fields AVERAGEd.                                                                                                                              AVERAGE rounds the result to the number of decimal places in the            field being AVERAGEd.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Command: BROWSE                                                             Syntax: BROWSE [FIELDS <field list>] [LOCK <numExp>] [FREEZE <field>]       [WIDTH <numExp>] [NOAPPEND] [NOFOLLOW] [NOMENU] [NOMODIFY]                                                                                              Description: Starting with the current record, BROWSE displays the          active database with records as rows and fields as columns. The             information displayed may be edited. Up to 17 records are displayed at      once, depending on the available screen space.                                                                                                          Pressing Esc while in BROWSE displays the selection bar from which you      can exit with or without saving your edits to the last record. If           additional fields do not fit on the screen, they can be viewed by           pressing Ctrl-Left or Ctrl-Right arrow, depending on where these fields     are in the display. If the command line includes a field list, the          fields are displayed in the order of the field list rather than in the      order specified by the database's structure.                                Command: CALL                                                               Syntax: CALL <module name> [WITH <charExp> | <memvar>]                                                                                                  Description: CALL executes the specified binary file that was previously    stored in memory using the LOAD command. If a <charExp> or <memvar> is      provided, it is passed as a parameter to the machine module. The address    of the first byte of a passed memory variable or character expression is    stored in the DS and BX registers. You can modify both the value and the    size of the memory variable. If you pass a character expression to the      CALLed file, the expression is not saved.                                                                                                               The CALLed program can manipulate more memory than the 64K devoted to       each LOADed module. To return control to dBXL, your assembly program        should contain a FAR RETURN. Before returning control, your assembly        program should restore the value of the Stack Segment (SS) to what it       was when the CALL was issued.                                               Command: CHANGE                                                             Syntax: CHANGE [<scope>] [FIELDS <field list>] [WHILE <condition>] [FOR     <condition>]                                                                                                                                            Description: CHANGE lets you edit records of the active database. CHANGE    continues to display records until you press Ctrl-End, press Esc, or        finish editing the records.                                                                                                                             If a <field list> is specified, only those fields are displayed in the      edit screen, in the defined order. If a <scope>/<condition> is              specified, only the records that meet these criteria are displayed for      editing.                                                                                                                                                If a format file is open, CHANGE makes use of the defined screen format     rather than displaying the standard dBXL CHANGE screen. All open index      files are updated to include any changes made during CHANGE.                Command: CLEAR                                                              Syntax: CLEAR [CHARACTER <charExp>]                                                                                                                     Description: CLEAR erases the screen, clears active GETs, and positions     the cursor at the upper left-hand corner. By including the CHARACTER        option, you can specify a character that will be repeated to fill the       background of the main screen or window after the current contents are      CLEARed.                                                                                                                                                CLEAR, when used with a coordinate specification, for example @ 12,12       CLEAR, erases the screen from the specified screen coordinates to the       lower right-hand corner of the screen. Screen coordinates specified with    no arguments, for example @ 12,12, erase the screen on the specified        line to the right of the coordinate. Use of the CLEAR command before        APPEND, EDIT, BROWSE, and other full screen commands is unnecessary         since full screen commands clear the screen before displaying.              Command: COPY                                                               Syntax: COPY TO <filename> [<scope>] [FIELDS <field list>] [WHILE           <condition>] [FOR <condition>] [[TYPE] SDF | DIF | SYLK | WKS |             DELIMITED [WITH <char> | BLANK]]                                                                                                                        Description: COPY TO copies records from the active database to the des-    tination file <filename>. The named file can be a dBXL database; of file    TYPE SDF (System Data Format), DIF (VisiCalc), SYLK (Multiplan), or         WKS (Lotus 1-2-3); or a text file whose data items are DELIMITED WITH       <char> or BLANK spaces.                                                                                                                                 The options <scope>, FIELDS <field list>, WHILE <condition>, and            FOR <condition> limit the number of fields or records copied.                                                                                           If the destination file is a dBXL database, and an index file is open,      the new file will be in indexed order.                                      Command: COPY TO ... STRUCTURE EXTENDED                                     Syntax: COPY TO <filename> STRUCTURE EXTENDED                                                                                                           Description: COPY TO ... STRUCTURE EXTENDED creates a database with four    fields: FIELD_NAME, FIELD_TYPE, FIELD_LEN, and FIELD_DEC. It  uses the      structural specifications of the active database as the records for the     new database.                                                                                                                                           These records may be edited, and then, by use of the CREATE FROM            command, a new database can be created based upon the modified              structural data in the file.                                                                                                                            Programmers often use COPY TO ... STRUCTURE EXTENDED and CREATE FROM to     assist the user in altering the structure of a database, while              maintaining program control. If no extension is specified in the            filename, .DBF is assumed.                                                  Command: DISPLAY                                                            Syntax: DISPLAY [OFF] [<scope>] [<exp list>] [WHILE <condition>] [FOR       <condition>] [TO PRINT]                                                                                                                                 Description: DISPLAY lists the contents of the current record or of all     records meeting the specified condition.                                                                                                                If OFF is requested, record numbers are not displayed. If an <exp list>     is specified, only the expressions listed are displayed. If a <scope> or    <condition> is specified, only the records that meet the criterion are      displayed. If TO PRINT is requested, output goes to the printer as well     as to the screen.                                                                                                                                       If the contents of the record exceed the screen width, DISPLAY wraps the    text to the next line on the screen. DISPLAY pauses for user keystroke      whenever the screen is full.                                                Command: LIST FILES and DISPLAY FILES                                       Syntax: LIST FILES [ON <drive>] [LIKE <path> | <skeleton> |                 <path>\<skeleton>] [TO PRINT]                                                                                                                           Description: LIST FILES lists the name, size, and last update of files      on the current, or specified, directory and/or drive. It also shows the     total number of bytes used by the displayed files, the number of bytes      remaining, and the total disk space. These options are available:            - No option lists .dbf files in current directory, and # of records.        - ON <drive> specifies the drive.                                           - LIKE <path> specifies the drive and directory.                            - LIKE <skeleton> specifies files matching a template including * or ?.     - LIKE <path>\<skeleton> specifies both path and skeleton.                  - TO PRINT directs the output to the printer as well as to the screen.     DISPLAY FILES is the same as LIST FILES except that DISPLAY FILES           pauses for user keystroke whenever the screen is full.                      Command: DO                                                                 Syntax: DO <filename> | ? | <skeleton> | <procedure>                        [WITH <parameter list>]                                                                                                                                 Description: DO executes the specified program file or procedure. If the    file is a <procedure> in an open procedure file, it is executed regard-     less of the existence of a program file of the same name. If there          is no such procedure, DO executes any program file <filename>. dBXL         assumes a .prg extension unless another is specified.                                                                                                   If you designate a parameter list, DO executes the named file, passing      the specified parameters to the program. For DO to pass <parameter          list>, the program must have a PARAMETERS declaration as its first          executable line. The number of parameters declared on this line must        equal the number of parameters in the <parameter list>.                                                                                                 Command: EDIT                                                               Syntax: EDIT [FIELDS <field list>] [<scope>] [WHILE <condition>]            [FOR <condition>]                                                                                                                                       Description: EDIT enables you to edit records of the active database.       EDIT continues to display records until you press Ctrl-End, press Esc,      or finish editing the records.                                                                                                                          If a <field list> is specified, only those fields are displayed in the      edit screen, in the defined order. If a <scope>/<condition> is              specified, only the records that meet the criterion are displayed for       editing.                                                                                                                                                If a format file is open, EDIT makes use of the defined screen format       rather than displaying the standard dBXL EDIT screen. All open index        files are updated to include any changes made during EDIT.                  Command: FIND                                                               Syntax: FIND <char> | <num>                                                                                                                             Description: FIND lets you quickly locate information in an indexed         database. For a search to be successful, the character string or number     being sought must be contained in the key field of the database's index.                                                                                FIND locates the first occurrence of the string <char> or number <num>      in the key expression of the index file, or, if no string or number         exists, moves the record pointer to the end of the file. A successful       search sets the FOUND() flag to .T.. In searching for a character           expression, FIND by default searches only the number of characters          specified by the length of the argument, <char>. If SET EXACT is ON,        FIND searches for an exact match of key and expression, including           length.                                                                                                                                                 Command: GO                                                                 Syntax: GO[TO] BOTTOM | TOP | <numExp>                                                                                                                  Description: GO moves the record pointer to the specified position in       the active database. GO TOP | BOTTOM positions the record pointer to the    first/last record of the file (or the first/last record of the index        file, if active). GO <numExp> positions the pointer to Record <numExp>.                                                                                 GOTO is identical to GO. If a number is specified by itself on the          command line, the record pointer is positioned to that record number.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Command: JOIN                                                               Syntax: JOIN WITH <alias> TO <filename> FOR <condition>                     [FIELDS <fieldlist>]                                                                                                                                    Description: JOIN creates a new database, <filename>, from two open         databases, the active one and the one specified by WITH <alias>. The new    file is composed of records that meet the specified <condition>, and        fields from the two source files as specified in the <field list>.                                                                                      JOIN positions the record pointer to the first record of the active file    and then moves down the alias file one record at a time, copying records    to the new file each time the FOR condition is met. At the end of the       alias file, JOIN moves to the next record of the active file, and           repeats the cycle. This cycle continues until the end of the active         file.                                                                                                                                                   Command: MODIFY STRUCTURE                                                   Syntax: MODIFY STRUCTURE                                                                                                                                Description: MODIFY STRUCTURE lets you edit the structure of the active     database.                                                                                                                                               The entire contents of the original database is copied into the modified    file for all fields. However, if the name of a field has been changed,      dBXL will prompt you as to whether you would like to copy all of the        fields.                                                                                                                                                 If a field is being converted from an eight-character date format (i.e.,    MM/DD/YY) to a date-type field, the date type conversion is done            automatically. MODIFY STRUCTURE creates a backup file of the original       database named <original filename>.BAK.                                                                                                                 Command: READ                                                               Syntax: READ [SAVE]                                                                                                                                     Description: READ sends the cursor to the location of the first active      GET area on the screen, thus allowing data input and editing. When          editing is complete (i.e., when user presses <� or moves the cursor past    the last character of the data area), READ advances the cursor to the       next active GET area. The process is repeated to allow editing of all       the variable data displayed by active GETs. After the last GET area has     been processed, READ clears all GETs, unless the SAVE option is             specified.                                                                                                                                              If a format file was activated with the SET FORMAT TO command, READ         edits the fields specified in that file only, regardless of previous GET    declarations.                                                                                                                                           Command: RELEASE                                                            Syntax: RELEASE <memvar list> | ALL [LIKE|EXCEPT <skeleton>]                                                                                            Description: RELEASE deletes memory variables from memory, freeing          memory space for additional variables. You must use RELEASE with one        of its options.                                                                                                                                         When you specify <memvar list>, dBXL deletes all memory variables           listed. If you specify ALL, dBXL deletes all memory variables. ALL          LIKE causes dBXL to delete only memory variables with the <skeleton>        structure. Conversely, ALL EXCEPT causes dBXL to remove all                 memory variables except those with names like <skeleton>.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Command: REPLACE                                                            Syntax: REPLACE <field 1> WITH <exp 1> [,<field 2> WITH <exp2...]           [<scope>] [WHILE <condition>] [FOR <condition>]                                                                                                         Description: REPLACE substitutes the data in the specified field <field>    of the current record with the specified expression, <exp 1>. If a          <scope>/<condition> is specified, REPLACE changes data in all records       that meet the criterion. Listing additional field/expression pairs          (i.e., <field 2> and <exp 2>) allows more than one field to be changed      at a time.                                                                                                                                              If an alias is specified with its respective field, it is possible to       REPLACE fields that are not in the active database.                                                                                                     All open index files are updated after REPLACE.                                                                                                         Command: REPORT FORM                                                        Syntax: REPORT FORM <filename 1> | ? | <skeleton> [<scope>] [WHILE          <condition>] [FOR <condition>] [PLAIN] [HEADING <charExp>] [NOEJECT]        [TO PRINT] [TO FILE <filename 2>] [SUMMARY]                                                                                                             Description: REPORT FORM displays all records of an active database in      the tabular form specified by <filename 1>. If you specify a <scope> or     <condition>, REPORT FORM includes only records that meet the given cri-     teria. With PLAIN, the report prints without page numbers or a system       date, and with the title limited to the first page. HEADING prints          an additional message <charExp> at the top center of every page unless      you specify PLAIN. NOEJECT ensures that REPORT FORM does not eject a        page from the printer before it starts to print. TO PRINT sends output      to the printer as well as to the screen. TO FILE sends output to the        text file <filename 2> as well as to the screen.                                                                                                        Command: SEEK                                                               Syntax: SEEK <charExp> | <numExp>                                                                                                                       Description: SEEK searches the active index for the first record whose      key expression matches the specified expression. If SEEK finds a match,     it positions the record pointer to the found record. If not, the pointer    is positioned at the end of the file. If the database is indexed on a       character field, SEEK compares only the leftmost characters of the key      expression with <charExp> for a match. The number of characters compared    is equal to the number of characters in <charExp>. However, if SET EXACT    is ON, the length of the expression must match the length of the key for    a search to be successful.                                                                                                                              SEEK is closely related to FIND. Both conduct rapid searches of an          indexed database. SEEK offers greater flexibility than FIND since it        accepts expressions as well as character and numeric input.                 Command: SET ALTERNATE TO                                                   Syntax: SET ALTERNATE TO [<filename>]                                                                                                                   Description: SET ALTERNATE TO opens the text file <filename> to receive     screen output. Screen output is not sent until SET ALTERNATE is set ON.     If no <filename> is specified, dBXL sends the remaining output to disk      and closes the output file. SET ALTERNATE TO assigns a .TXT file            extension if no extension is specified in the command line.                                                                                             SET ALTERNATE TO, by default, ignores any screen formatting done with       @...SAY commands. If SET DEVICE TO ALTERNATE is selected, however, dBXL     formats the text sent to the text file.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Command: SET COLOR TO                                                       Syntax: SET COLOR TO [[<standard text>] [,<enhanced text>] [,<border>]]     [CHARACTER <char>]                                                                                                                                      Description: SET COLOR TO defines display characteristics for screens       and windows. The first three arguments define characteristics for stan-     dard text, for input areas (as in GET fields), and for the border of the    screen or window, respectively. These arguments may include three para-     meters: foreground color, attribute (* for Blinking and + for High In-      tensity), and background color preceded with a slash. See the manual for    a more detailed description of these options. Basic color codes are:          W: White       N: Black       B: Blue        R: Red       X: Blank          G: Green       BG: Cyan       RB: Magenta    GR: Brown                    CHARACTER defines the window or screen background character. SET COLOR      TO with no arguments returns display characteristics to the default,        unless otherwise specified in your CONFIG.XL.                               Command: SET DATE                                                           Syntax: SET DATE AMERICAN | ANSI | BRITISH | FRENCH | GERMAN | ITALIAN                                                                                  Description: SET DATE controls the way dates are displayed according to     the specification, <date format>. The default date format is AMERICAN.      The possible date formats are:                                                                                                                                    AMERICAN      mm/dd/yy            ANSI         yy.mm.dd                     BRITISH       dd/mm/yy            FRENCH       dd/mm/yy                     GERMAN        dd.mm.yy            ITALIAN      dd-mm-yy                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Command: SET DECIMALS                                                       Syntax: SET DECIMALS TO <numExp>                                                                                                                        Description: SET DECIMALS sets the minimum number of decimal places         displayed in the results of division, exponentiation, EXP(), LOG(),         LOG10(), SQRT(), and VAL(). The default decimal setting is two unless       otherwise specified in CONFIG.XL.                                                                                                                       All calculations, other than multiplication and those affected by SET       DECIMALS, return values with the number of decimal places equal to that     of the number with the most decimal places. Multiplication returns          values with the number of decimal places equal to the sum of the decimal    places in the numbers used in the calculation.                                                                                                          To cause all Numeric values, including memory variables, to be shown        with the number of decimal places set in SET DECIMALS, use SET FIXED.       Command: SET DELIMITERS TO                                                  Syntax: SET DELIMITERS TO [<charExp>] | [DEFAULT]                                                                                                       Description: SET DELIMITERS TO allows you to specify the characters that    enclose an input area when SET DELIMITERS ON is specified. The default      characters are colons.                                                                                                                                  <charExp> can be a character string of one or two characters. If one,       the specified character is used to mark the start and the end of the        input area. If two, the first character marks the beginning of the input    area, and the second marks the end.                                                                                                                     To reset the delimiters to colons, use SET DELIMITERS TO DEFAULT.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Command: SET EXACT                                                          Syntax: SET EXACT ON | OFF                                                                                                                              Description: SET EXACT establishes the rules used to determine whether      two character strings are equal. When SET EXACT is ON, two character        strings must be identical to be considered equal. When SET EXACT is OFF,    two strings are considered equal if the total contents of the string on     the right side of the comparison operator (for example, =) match the        beginning characters of the string on the left side. SET EXACT affects      all commands that involve a string comparison, including SEEK and FIND.     In these cases, however, the specified character string to be searched      is considered to be the right string of the comparison, where the index     file's key represents the left string.                                                                                                                  The default setting is SET EXACT OFF.                                                                                                                   Command: SET FIELDS TO                                                      Syntax: SET FIELDS TO [ALL|<field list>]                                                                                                                Description: SET FIELDS TO allows you to specify the fields processed by    dBXL during execution of commands like AVERAGE, CHANGE, COPY TO,            DISPLAY, EDIT, JOIN, LIST, REPLACE, SUM, TOTAL, and @...SAY...GET.                                                                                      If ALL is specified, all fields in the active database are added to the     field list. If a <field list> is included, all specified fields are         added to the list. Fields listed may include fields from any work area.     However, fields from other areas must include their alias specifiers,       <alias>-><field name>. If a work area is related to the active one,         fields from it are processed as if they were in the active work area.       SET FIELDS TO only affects command execution if SET FIELDS is ON.           However, SET FIELDS TO does automatically SET FIELDS ON.                                                                                                Command: SET FILTER                                                         Syntax: SET FILTER TO [<condition> | FILE <filename>|?|<skeleton>]                                                                                      Description: SET FILTER attaches a filter condition to the current          database. dBXL displays only records meeting the filter condition.                                                                                      You can specify a filter condition with <condition>, or by accessing a      filter condition in the query FILE <filename>. A query file is created      with CREATE QUERY, and dBXL assumes a .qry extension. The filter            condition does not take effect until a command that moves the record        pointer is issued.                                                                                                                                      SET FILTER TO without any arguments removes the current filter              condition.                                                                                                                                              You can SET one FILTER condition for each of the 10 work areas.             Command: SET FIXED                                                          Syntax: SET FIXED ON | OFF                                                                                                                              Description: SET FIXED specifies the number of decimal places displayed     for particular mathematical operations. With SET FIXED OFF, the number      of decimal places for addition, subtraction, and multiplication follows     the rules of simple arithmetic. However, with division, EXP(), LOG(),       and SQRT(), SET FIXED OFF yields a result with the minimum number of        decimal places as specified by SET DECIMALS, or two decimal places as a     default. With SET FIXED ON, all mathematical operations yield the number    of decimal places specified by SET DECIMALS, or two decimal places as a     default.                                                                                                                                                The default for SET FIXED is OFF.                                                                                                                                                                                                   Command: SET FORMAT                                                         Syntax: SET FORMAT TO [<filename> | ? | <skeleton>]                                                                                                     Description: SET FORMAT TO opens the format file <filename> in the          active work area, closing any previously active format file in that         area. Once the format file is selected, entering APPEND, CHANGE, EDIT,      INSERT, or READ causes dBXL to clear the screen and display the             formatted screen.                                                                                                                                       SET FORMAT assumes an .FMT file extension if no file extension is           included in the command line. One format file may be selected for each      of the ten work areas.                                                                                                                                  Format files can be deactivated with the CLOSE FORMAT command.                                                                                                                                                                      Command: SET PROMPT TO                                                      Syntax: SET PROMPT TO [<charExp>]                                                                                                                       Description: SET PROMPT allows you to define the dBXL prompt.               You can display any character expression, and in addition can combine       certain symbols and characters for these results:                             $f  Displays the active database  $w  Displays active work area             $a  Displays active alias name    $i  Displays active index file            $t  Displays current system time  $d  Displays current system date          $p  Displays current path         $v  Displays dBXL version number          $h  Backspaces the cursor         $_  Places cursor down one line           $b  Displays | character          $n  Displays current drive                $g  Displays > character          $s  Displays one space                                                                                              SET PROMPT TO with no parameters returns the prompt to the default,         unless otherwise specified in CONFIG.XL. The default is "XL [$w] $f> ".     Command: SET RELATION                                                       Syntax: SET RELATION TO [<keyExp> | RECNO() | <numExp> INTO <alias>]                                                                                    Description: SET RELATION TO links the record pointer of a database in a    secondary work area, <alias>, to the active database pointer. This al-      lows the contents of both databases to be accessed simultaneously.                                                                                      If you relate two databases by <keyExp>, the alias database must be         indexed on that key. However, if you link two files by RECNO() or           <numExp> the alias database need not have an active index file.             RECNO() links the active database to the alias database by corresponding    record numbers, while <numExp> relates every record of the active data-     base only to record <numExp> in the alias database.                                                                                                     Moving the record pointer in the primary work area repositions the          record pointer in the secondary work area to the first matching record.     Command: SKIP                                                               Syntax: SKIP [<numExp>] [ALIAS <alias>]                                                                                                                 Description: SKIP with no argument advances the record pointer forward      one record in the active database. When <numExp> is positive, the record    pointer moves forward the specified number of records. When <numExp> is     negative, the record pointer moves backward the specified number of         records. If there are not enough records left to SKIP the specified num-    ber, the record pointer will move to the end, or to the beginning, of       the file. If an index is active in the current work area, SKIP moves the    pointer with respect to the indexed order.                                                                                                              If you designate the ALIAS option, the record pointer in the <alias>        work area moves without dBXL leaving the current work area.                                                                                                                                                                         Command: SORT                                                               Syntax: SORT TO <new filename> ON <field 1> [/<[A|D][C]>] [,<field2>        [/<[A|D][C]>],...] [<scope>] [WHILE <condition>] [FOR <condition>]                                                                                      Description: SORT creates a sorted database, <new filename>, from the       contents of the active database. The records of the sorted database are     arranged in ascending alphabetical or numeric order according to the        specified key fields <field1>, <field2>, etc. If /D is specified after a    particular field, that field is sorted in descending order. If /C is        specified after a particular field, that field is sorted without regard     to the case of characters. If a <scope>/<condition> is specified, SORT      only sorts the fields that meet the criterion. SORT does not accept         logical fields as keys.                                                                                                                                 The .DBF extension is assumed unless another is specified.                                                                                              Command: SUM                                                                Syntax: SUM [<scope>] [<exp list>] [TO <memvar list>]                       [WHILE <condition] [FOR <condition>]                                                                                                                    Description: SUM totals the values of all the records for all numeric       fields. If <exp list> is specified, only the fields listed are              SUMmed. If a <memvar list> is specified, the sums are stored into the       memory variables listed. If a <scope>/<condition> is specified, only the    records meeting the specified criterion are SUMmed.                                                                                                     The number of memory variables in the <memvar list> must equal the          number of fields being SUMmed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Command: TOTAL                                                              Syntax: TOTAL ON <keyExp> TO <filename> [<scope>] [FIELDS <field list>]     [WHILE <condition>] [FOR <condition>]                                                                                                                   Description: TOTAL creates a new database, <filename>, that contains the    sums of all numeric fields for each group of records in the active          database with identical <keyExp>s. The active database must be indexed      or sorted on the <keyExp>.                                                                                                                              If a <field list> is specified, only the numeric fields specified in the    list are totalled. If <scope>/<condition> is specified, only records        that meet the criterion are totalled.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Command: UPDATE                                                             Syntax: UPDATE ON <key field> FROM <alias> REPLACE <field 1> WITH           <exp 1> [,<field 2> WITH <exp 2>...] [RANDOM]                                                                                                           Description: UPDATE replaces the data in the specified field(s) of an       active database file, which is INDEXed or SORTed on the specified <key      field>, with data from a specified alias file. The FROM file should be      INDEXed or SORTed on <key field> also. If this is not possible,             specifying RANDOM will update the files properly, but will take             considerably more time.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Command: USE                                                                Syntax: USE [<filename> | ? | <skeleton>] [INDEX <filename list> |          <? list> | <skeleton list>] [ALIAS <alias>] [AUTOMEM]                                                                                                   Description: USE opens the database <filename> in the current work area.    If you do not specify <filename>, USE closes the active database and any    associated open index files. Using an INDEX <filename list> causes dBXL     to open the specified indexes and to make the first listed index the        controlling index. If you designate ALIAS, dBXL names the current work      area <alias>. Without ALIAS, dBXL assigns the work area the default         alias <filename>. USE positions the record pointer at the top of the        file.                                                                                                                                                   If you indicate AUTOMEM, dBXL initializes a memory variable for each        non-memo field of the database, assigning it the same name, type, and       length as the database field.                                               Command: @...SAY...GET                                                      Syntax: @ <row>,<col> [SAY <exp> [PICTURE <clause>]] [GET <field> |         <memvar> [PICTURE <clause>] [RANGE <dateExp 1>,<dateExp 2> | <numExp 1>,    <numExp 2>] [HELP <charExp>] [VALID <logExp>]]                                                                                                          Description: @...SAY...GET moves the cursor to the specified <row>,         <col> and displays the expression, <exp>. Include a GET clause to dis-      play the specified <field> or <memvar> in enhanced video, and to edit       it after issuing a READ command. Use PICTURE to display and edit the        field according to the restrictions of <clause>. RANGE requires that ex-    pressions edited in the GET expression fall within the designated Date      or Numeric range. HELP displays a specific help message, <charExp>,         pertaining to the current GET area, when F1 is pressed. The VALID option    requires that the condition specified with <logExp> evaluate to true        before you can exit a GET data area.                                                                                                                    Command: DO CASE                                                            Syntax: DO CASE                                                                         CASE <condition 1>                                                               <statements>                                                         ...[...                                                                       CASE <condition n>                                                               <statements>]                                                          [OTHERWISE                                                                       <statements>]                                                      ENDCASE                                                                                                                                         Description: DO CASE is a programming command that executes the             <statements> found after the first true CASE <condition>. If none of the    <conditions> is true, and an OTHERWISE is provided, the <statements>        after the OTHERWISE are executed. If no OTHERWISE is specified at this      point, nothing is executed within the CASE structure.                       Command: IF                                                                 Syntax: IF <condition>                                                                 <statements 1>                                                           [ELSE                                                                          <statements 2>]                                                          ENDIF                                                                                                                                           Description: IF is a programming command that executes <statements 1> if    the specified <condition> is true. If the condition is false, and an        ELSE is specified, <statements 2> is executed instead. If no ELSE is        provided and the <condition> is not true, no statements are executed.                                                                                   After execution, program control moves to the first line after ENDIF.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Command: PRIVATE                                                            Syntax: PRIVATE <memvar list> | ALL [LIKE|EXCEPT <skeleton>]                                                                                            Description: PRIVATE is a programming command that declares the memory      variables in the <memvar list> to be local to that subprogram and its       lower-level programs. For a variable to be made private, it must be         declared PRIVATE before it is initialized.                                                                                                              PRIVATE ensures that a memory variable initialized in a subprogram does     not affect a memory variable of the same name in a calling program. By      default, all memory variables declared in a subprogram are hidden from      the calling program. However, since the opposite is not true, a             subprogram can change the values of the variables declared in the           calling program. In some cases, you may want to use the same name for a     variable in a subprogram and in the calling program but not want to         change the value of the global variable.                                    Command: PROCEDURE                                                          Syntax: PROCEDURE <procedure name>                                                                                                                      Description: PROCEDURE is a programming command that marks the beginning    of a procedure.                                                                                                                                         Using procedures in a procedure file enables you to program in modules      without having each module be a file. A procedure file is opened by the     command SET PROCEDURE TO <filename>. Thereafter, a DO <filename> command    causes dBXL to search the procedure file for the procedure <filename>.      If <filename> is not found in the procedure file, dBXL next checks for a    program file of the same name.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Command: PUBLIC                                                             Syntax: PUBLIC <memvar list>                                                                                                                            Description: PUBLIC is a programming command that makes memory variables    in subprograms accessible from from the dBXL prompt and from within         higher-level programs.                                                                                                                                  To make a variable public, it must be declared PUBLIC before it is          initialized.                                                                                                                                            Under default conditions, subprograms can access memory variables of the    calling programs, but not vice versa. Once a subprogram is exited, its      memory variables are lost to higher level programs. A subprogram can        return the values of memory variables via a PARAMETER, or it can make a     memory variable PUBLIC at the time of declaration.                                                                                                      Command: SUSPEND                                                            Syntax: SUSPEND                                                                                                                                         Description: SUSPEND is a programming command that halts program            execution and returns control to the dBXL prompt, but does not release      memory variables or close open files. Program execution may be restarted    with RESUME. There are several ways to enter the suspend mode. One is to    enter the SUSPEND command in a program. Another, under default              conditions, is to press Esc during program execution. This causes dBXL      to give you a suspend option. Last, a choice of SUSPENDing is also          offered when SET STEP is ON.                                                                                                                            Unlike RETURNing, SUSPENDing causes all memory variables to remain          available. When debugging a program, SUSPEND is helpful as a breakpoint.    It enables you to temporarily halt program execution in order to examine    the contents of memory variables or the environment.                        Command: APPEND                                                             Syntax: APPEND AUTOMEM                                                                                                                                  Description: APPEND AUTOMEM causes dBXL to add a new record to the end      of the active database, setting each field's contents to the value of       the matching automem variable.                                                                                                                          Use APPEND AUTOMEM in programming append sequences. You first use the       USE...AUTOMEM command to create blank memory variables for the database     fields. After the variables are edited by the user, APPEND AUTOMEM adds     a record to the active database and fills it with the memory variable       values by matching variable names to field names.                                                                                                       APPEND AUTOMEM is a more efficient way to add new records to a database     from within a program than APPEND BLANK and REPLACE, since the database     and open index files are all updated in one step.                           Command: CLEAR AUTOMEM                                                      Syntax: CLEAR AUTOMEM                                                                                                                                   Description: CLEAR AUTOMEM initializes (or re-initializes) automem          variables to their empty values:                                                                                                                        ==Type==       ==Initial value==   ==Type==       ==Initial value==         Character      (spaces)            Numeric        0                         Logical        .F.                 Date             /  /                                                                                                Automem variables are memory variables having the same names as the         field in a database. CLEAR AUTOMEM ensures that automem variables are       reset to their empty values. If no automem variables are present when       CLEAR AUTOMEM is issued, they are created.                                                                                                                                                                                          Command: SET USERHELP TO                                                    Syntax: SET USERHELP TO [WINDOW <window name>] |                                    [[<row 1>,<col 1>,<row 2>,<col 2>]                                          [COLOR  [<standard text>] [,<enhanced text>] [,border text>]                [CHARACTER <char>]                                                          [[FRAME <tl>,<t>,<tr>,<ls>,<rs>,<bl>,<b>,<br>] | [DOUBLE]]]                                                                                     Description: SET USERHELP TO defines the characteristics of the window      in which program-defined help messages appear when you press F1 in          an input area. The WINDOW <window name> option recalls an existing          window definition for the user help window. The remaining options are       used to define or modify a user help window directly, as you would with     WSET WINDOW.                                                                                                                                            SET USERHELP TO with no arguments resets the user help window to its        default characteristics.                                                    Command: REPLACE AUTOMEM                                                    Syntax: REPLACE AUTOMEM                                                                                                                                 Description: REPLACE AUTOMEM replaces the contents of the current record    with values from memory variables whose names match the field names.                                                                                    REPLACE AUTOMEM is used in programming record-editing sequences. A          typical editing sequence contains these steps: (1) store the contents of    the current record to memory variables with STORE AUTOMEM, (2) present      those memory variables for editing, (3) check the variables for errors,     and (4) replace the field contents with the memory variable contents        using REPLACE AUTOMEM.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Command: RESTORE STATUS                                                     Syntax: RESTORE STATUS FROM <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                 Description: RESTORE STATUS assigns values to SET commands according to     the specifications contained in <filename>.                                                                                                             RESTORE STATUS assumes the file extension .set if <filename> includes no    extension.                                                                                                                                              At the outset of a program, the SAVE STATUS command can be used to          record the status of all SET commands. The program may then alter these     settings. At the end of the program, the environment is returned to its     original settings with RESTORE STATUS.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Function: DESCEND()                                                         Syntax: DESCEND(<charExp>)                                                                                                                              Description: DESCEND() returns a string in which the ASCII value of each    character is equal to 255 minus the character's ASCII value.                                                                                            The primary use of DESCEND() is to create indexes that arrange database     records in descending rather than ascending order according to a key        expression. The command line form for indexing in reverse order is INDEX    ON DESCEND(<field>|<exp>) TO <filename>. Since DESCEND() arranges an        index according to the complement of <chrExp>, you must also SEEK or        FIND on DESCEND(<charExp>).                                                                                                                             Data Types: Accepts Character and returns Character.                                                                                                                                                                                Command: SAVE STATUS                                                        Syntax: SAVE STATUS TO <filename>                                                                                                                       Description: SAVE STATUS creates a file containing the current values of    all SET commands.                                                                                                                                       SAVE STATUS assigns the extension .set to <filename> if <filename>          includes no extension.                                                                                                                                  At the outset of a program, SAVE STATUS can be used to record the status    of all SET commands. The program may then alter settings. At the end of     the program, the environment is returned to its original settings with      the RESTORE STATUS command.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Function: EMPTY()                                                           Syntax: EMPTY(<charExp>)                                                                                                                                Description: Returns .F. if the field, variable, or expression given by     <charExp> is empty. The empty condition is defined as follows:                                                                                                    ==Type==            ==Empty condition==                                     Character           spaces                                                  Numeric             zero                                                    Date                "  /  /  "                                              Memo                (no text)                                                                                                                 Data Types: Accepts Character (may be a field or variable name) and         returns Logical.                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Command: STORE AUTOMEM                                                      Syntax: STORE AUTOMEM                                                                                                                                   Description: STORE AUTOMEM stores the contents of the current record's      non-memo fields to memory variables. The memory variables are assigned      the same names, types, and lengths as the database fields.                                                                                              STORE AUTOMEM is used in programming record-editing sequences. A typical    editing sequence contains these steps: (1) store the contents of the        current record to memory variables with STORE AUTOMEM, (2) present those    memory variables for editing, (3) check the variables for errors, and       (4) replace the field contents with the memory variable contents using      REPLACE AUTOMEM.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Command: USE AUTOMEM                                                        Syntax: USE <filename> AUTOMEM                                                                                                                          Description: USE <filename> AUTOMEM opens the database specified by         <filename> and initializes a memory variable for each non-memo field of     the database. The memory variables are assigned the same names, types,      and lengths as the database fields, and are initialized as follows:                                                                                               Character: All blanks                                                       Numeric: 0                                                                  Logical: .F.                                                                Date: 01/01/1900                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General: dBXL Specifications                                                DATABASE, Storage Maximums                                                  File size....................1 billion records or 2 billion bytes           Record size..................128 fields or 4000 bytes                       Field size, character........254 bytes                                      Field size, numeric..........19 bytes                                       Field size, logical..........1 byte (always)                                Field size, date.............8 bytes (always)                               MEMORY VARIABLES                                                            Maximum number...............256 active variables or 6000 bytes                                          (Value may be increased in CONFIG.XL)          COMMAND LINE                                                                Maximum length...............254 characters                                 HISTORY                                                                     Maximum number of commands...32767                                          Default setting..............20                                             General: Naming Files                                                                                                                                   Names of files used by dBXL follow the rules and conventions established    by DOS.  To be valid, a filename must meet the following conditions:                                                                                    .  A filename contains no more than eight characters followed by a             period and up to a three character file extension.                       .  A filename should start with a letter and may not contain the               characters ?*.=<>;:[]+=,/\ or a space.                                   .  Filenames may be preceded by a drive letter (with a colon) and a path       specification (C:\PROGRAMS\FILENAME.EXT, for example).  Use this            complete form of the filename when specifying files not on the              current drive.                                                                                                                                       Refer to SET PATH and SET DEFAULT for alternate ways of accessing files     not on the current directory.                                               General: File Types                                                         A filename's three-letter extension identifies the file's type. dBXL        creates and uses several types of files, including these:                   .bak --- backup file dBXL makes with commands such as MODIFY COMMAND        .bin --- binary file which can be LOADed into memory and then CALLed        .dbf --- database file, generally created with the CREATE command           .fmt --- format file containing a series of @...SAY...GET commands          .frm --- report form file created with the CREATE REPORT command            .lbl --- mailing label form file created with the CREATE LABEL command      .mem --- memory variable file created with the SAVE command                 .ndx --- index file created with the INDEX command                          .prg --- program file containing dBXL commands and functions                .qry --- query file created by CREATE QUERY                                 .scn --- individual window file created by WSAVE                            .set --- status file created by SAVE STATUS                                 .txt --- text file created by such commands as SET ALTERNATE                General: Data Types                                                                                                                                     Database fields and memory variables can be of data types Character,        Numeric, Logical, or Date. Additionally, dBXL provides a special memory     variable type, Array, and a special field type, Memo. These types           are described below.                                                                                                                                    Character --- stores letters and numbers not used in calculations           Numeric ----- stores number data used in calculations                       Logical ----- stores true or false values                                   Date -------- stores date values which may be used in date calculations     Array-------- a memory variable type that stores a standard collection                    of values that can be any of the other four standard data                   types                                                         Memo -------- a field that links a record to a corresponding text file                                                                                  General: Memory variables                                                   Data may be temporarily stored in memory variables, named locations in a    computer's memory. Memory variables are created in several ways, the        most common being by use of the STORE command. For example, the memory      variable, weather, can be created and given the initial value of            "stormy" by the command:                                                                                                                                          STORE "stormy" TO weather                                                                                                                     Memory variables can be of various data types: Character (as in the         above example), Numeric, Logical, and Date. Refer to Data Types for more    information.                                                                                                                                            Memory variable names may be up to ten characters in length, must           start with a letter, and may contain letters, digits, or the underscore     (_) character.                                                              General: Expression types                                                                                                                               The command and function descriptions in this on-line manual use the        following abbreviations to refer to expression types.                                                                                                   <charExp> -- Any expression whose value when evaluated is of data type                   Character                                                      <dateExp> -- Any expression whose value when evaluated is of data type                   Date                                                           <exp>     -- A valid expression of data type Character, Numeric, Date,                   or Logical                                                     <keyExp>  -- An expression whose value determines the order of sorted                    database or index files. May be of type Character, Numeric,                 Date, or Logical                                               <logExp>  -- Any expression whose value is of data type Logical             <numExp>  -- Any expression whose value is of data type Numeric             General: Character operators                                                                                                                            Use character operators to manipulate data of type Character.                                                                                           OPERATOR  EFFECT                                                                                                                                        +         String concatenation. Joins two character strings into a                    single new string: " A " + "B " results in " A B "                -         String concatenation with trim. Joins two character strings                 into a new single string in which all spaces at the end of the              left string are moved to the end of the right string:                       " A " - "B " results in " AB  "                                   $         Substring Inclusion. Returns .T. if string on left is included              in string on right: "ANTIC" $ "FRANTIC" results in .T.                                                                                                                                                                    General: Numeric operators                                                                                                                              Use numeric operators with data of type Numeric.                                                                                                        OPERATOR  EFFECT                                                                                                                                        +         Adds the values on each side of the operator.                     -         Substracts the value on the right of the operator from the                  value on the left.                                                *         Multiplies the value on the left of the operator by the value               on the right.                                                     /         Divides the value on the left of the operator by the value on               the right.                                                        ** or ^   Raises the value on the left of the operator to the power                   specified by the value on the right.                                                                                                          General: Logical operators                                                                                                                              Use logical operators with expressions that evaluate to true or false.                                                                                  OPERATOR  EFFECT                                                                                                                                        .NOT.     Inverts the value of a logical expression:                                  .NOT.(.T.) returns .F.                                            .AND.     Results in a value of true if the expression on the left and                the expression on the right are both true:                                  .T. .AND. .T. results in .T.                                                .T. .AND. .F. results in .F.                                      .OR.      Results in a value of true if the expression on the left is                 true, the expression on the right is true, or if both are                   true:                                                                       .T. .OR. .F. results in .T.                                       General: Date operators                                                                                                                                 When the + or - operators are used with data of type Date, date             arithmetic is performed.                                                                                                                                OPERATOR  EFFECT                                                                                                                                        +         Adds a specified number of days to a specified date:                        10/07/1979 + 445 results in 12/25/1980                            -         Subtracts a specified number of days from the specified date,               OR subtracts the date on the right of the operator from the                 date on the left, resulting in the number of days between the               two dates:                                                                  11/25/86 - 31 results in 10/25/86                                           02/09/71 - 01/05/68 results in 1135                                                                                                           General: Comparison operators                                                                                                                           Use comparison operators to compare two values of data type Character,      Numeric, or Date. The two values must be of the same data type.                                                                                         OPERATOR  EFFECT                                                                                                                                        =         Results in true if the two values are equal                       <> or #   Results in true if the two values are not equal                   >         Results in true if the left value is greater than the right       <         Results in true if the left value is less than the right          >=        Results in true if the left value is greater than or equal to               the right value                                                   <=        Results in true if the left value is less than or equal to the              right value                                                                                                                                   General: Command options                                                    Some common command line arguments and their definitions are:               <alias>           -- an alternate name assigned to a database and its                            attached indexes                                       <field list>      -- a list (separated by commas) of database fields        <filename>        -- the name of a file, optionally with drive and path     ?                 -- displays a window listing filenames in the current                          directory with the command's default extension         FOR <condition>   -- causes a command to process only those records                              meeting the logical <condition>.                       <skeleton>        -- a template, using characters and wildcards,                                 representing a group of variables or filenames         WHILE condition   -- allows a command to execute only while <condition>                          remains true. <condition> is a logical expression      <scope>           -- specifies which records of the database will be                             processed, such as ALL, NEXT 5, or REST                Command: SAVE STATUS                                                        Syntax: SAVE STATUS <filename>                                                                                                                          Description: SAVE STATUS saves the current environmental variable           settings to a file. Restore these settings later using RESTORE STATUS.                                                                                  SAVE STATUS saves the following:                                                                                                                        ALTERNATE TO   DATE           DOHISTORY      INTENSITY      RETRACE         ALTERNATE      DEBUG          ECHO           MARGIN         SAFETY          BELL           DECIMALS       ESCAPE         MEMOWIDTH      SCOREBOARD      CARRY          DEFAULT        EXACT          ODOMETER       STATUS          CENTURY        DELETED        FIELDS         OOPS           STEP            COLOR          DELIMITERS     FIXED          PATH           TALK            CONFIRM        DELIMITERS TO  HEADING        PRINT          TITLE           CONSOLE        DEVICE         HISTORY        PROMPT         UNIQUE          Command: RESTORE STATUS                                                     Syntax: RESTORE STATUS <filename>                                                                                                                       Description: RESTORE STATUS restores environmental variable settings        from a file created by SAVE STATUS.                                                                                                                     RESTORE STATUS restores the following:                                                                                                                  ALTERNATE TO   DATE            DOHISTORY      INTENSITY      RETRACE        ALTERNATE      DEBUG           ECHO           MARGIN         SAFETY         BELL           DECIMALS        ESCAPE         MEMOWIDTH      SCOREBOARD     CARRY          DEFAULT         EXACT          ODOMETER       STATUS         CENTURY        DELETED         FIELDS         OOPS           STEP           COLOR          DELIMITERS      FIXED          PATH           TALK           CONFIRM        DELIMITERS TO   HEADING        PRINT          TITLE          CONSOLE        DEVICE          HISTORY        PROMPT         UNIQUE         General: Automem variables                                                                                                                              Automem variables are memory variables having the same names as fields      in the active database. Automem variables can be created by AUTOMEM         commands or by the user.                                                                                                                                Automem variables provide a convenient mechanism for manipulating and       checking database values in memory before putting them in the database.     Automem variables can also be used to initialize GET fields in an           @...SAY...GET command.                                                                                                                                  There are five AUTOMEM commands. USE...AUTOMEM and CLEAR AUTOMEM create     automem variables. STORE AUTOMEM initializes automem variables to a         record's values. APPEND AUTOMEM adds a new record to the database from      automem variables. REPLACE AUTOMEM replaces field values in a record        with automem variable values.                                               Command: SET STATUS                                                         Syntax: SET STATUS ON | OFF                                                                                                                             Description: SET STATUS controls the display of dBXL's status bar. If       SET STATUS is ON, dBXL displays a status bar showing the current            filename and path; the current record or option number; the settings of     the Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Ins keys; and the deletion status of the       current record (if any). SET STATUS OFF (the default setting) disables      the display of the status bar. SET STATUS only operates in window area      0.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Command: SET ORDER                                                          Syntax: SET ORDER TO <numExp>                                                                                                                           Description: Allows you to specify a new controlling index for the          current database without closing and reopening index files. A               controlling index is the first index of the <index file list> option of     a previously issued SET INDEX TO or USE commmand. It controls the order     in which records are displayed by commands such as LIST.                                                                                                <numExp> evaluates to the position of the index in the <index file list>    option of the SET INDEX TO or USE command. For example, SET ORDER TO 2      makes the database appear in the order determined by the second index in    the <index file list>.                                                                                                                                  If you use SET ORDER TO with no argument, or if <numExp> is 0, the data-    base appears unindexed, i.e., in record number order.                       Command: WCLOSE                                                             Syntax: WCLOSE [[<window area 1> [TO <window area 2>]] ALL]                                                                                             Definition: WCLOSE closes a window and redisplays the previous screen       image. WCLOSE with no parameters closes the currently selected window       and selects area zero. You may also specify that one, a range, or ALL       windows be closed. A range must be specified from lowest to highest area    number. If the specified area and the currently selected area are the       same, the selected area is reset to zero. Close overlapping windows in      the reverse order that they were opened. You cannot close window area       zero.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Command: WSET TITLE                                                         Syntax: WSET TITLE TO [<string> [LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT]]                                                                                                    Definition: WSET TITLE lets you display a character string in the top       side of the active window's frame. Location options LEFT, CENTER, or        RIGHT make the title appear flush left, centered, or flush right,           respectively. If no location option is specified, the title will be         centered. Window titles may be assigned when the window is WUSEd or         later with the WSET TITLE command. If WSET TITLE is issued without          an argument, the active window's title (if any) is erased and the           original top frame characters are restored.                                                                                                             The maximum length for a title is 78 characters. However, no more           characters may be displayed than can fit across the top of the window.      If the title's length exceeds the width of the frame, characters will be    lost from the title.                                                        Command: WSET WINDOW                                                        Syntax: WSET WINDOW <window name> TO <row 1>,<col 1>,<row 2>,<col 2>                [COLOR [<standard text>] [,<enhanced text>,<border>]]                       [CHARACTER <char>]                                                          [<FRAME <tl>,<t>,<tr>,<ls>,<rs>,<bl>,<b>,<br> | DOUBLE]                                                                                         Definition: WSET WINDOW defines windows. Once defined, a window can be      displayed with the WUSE command. Of WSET WINDOW's many options, only the    first two groups, name and coordinates, are required. The remaining         three groups have preset default values. For example,                                   WSET WINDOW Small TO 1, 1, 10, 10                               defines Small to be a window with an upper left-hand coordinate of 1, 1     and a lower right-hand coordinate of 10, 10. By default, Small displays     the space (" ") CHARACTER in the background, has the COLOR of white         letters on a black background, and displays a single line FRAME.                                                                                        Command: WSET WINFILE                                                       Syntax: WSET WINFILE TO <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                                     Definition: WSET WINFILE opens a specified master screen file of saved      window definitions. Once open, a WRESTORE command causes dBXL to search     this file first for the specified window. If it is not found, dBXL then     searches the default directory for an individual screen file of the         specified name.                                                                                                                                         Individual screen files are created using the WSAVE command. Each window    saved in this way produces a separate screen file. You can collect a        number of screen files into a master file by the use of BUILDWIN.EXE.       Once individual window definitions have been collected into a master        screen file, programs may access them from the master file without          WUSEing the screen files individually.                                                                                                                  Command: FOR...NEXT                                                         Syntax: FOR <memvar> = <numExp 1> TO <numExp 2> [STEP <numExp 3>]                     <commands>                                                                  [BREAK]                                                                     <commands>                                                                NEXT [<memvar>]                                                                                                                                 Description: FOR...NEXT is a programming construct which causes the         <commands> between FOR and NEXT to be executed the number of times          specified by <memvar> = <numExp 1> TO <numExp 2>. <memvar> is a counter,    initially set at <numExp 1>, that controls the number of times the com-     mands in the FOR...NEXT loop execute. Each loop increases (or decreases)    <memvar> until it is greater than (or less than) <numExp 2>. Then the       program exits the loop and executes the statement following NEXT. The       STEP option defines a value <numExp 3> by which <memvar> is increased or    decreased. Without STEP this value defaults to 1.                           Command: FUNCTION                                                           Syntax: FUNCTION <UDF name>                                                            <commands>                                                               RETURN <exp>                                                                                                                                    Description: FUNCTION defines a User Defined Function <UDF name> in a       function file, allowing you to create functions dBXL does not include.      A function file is a .prg file containing as many as 32 definitions of      User Defined Functions. To access the functions, open the function file     with SET UDF TO <filename>. <UDF name> can be up to ten characters long     and cannot duplicate another <UDF name> or a dBXL function name.            RETURN <exp> defines the value the function will return. If, as part of     <commands>, a UDF requires parameters, declare them in the first line       after FUNCTION <UDF name> with the PARAMETERS command. After opening a      function file, you can invoke the UDF from a program or at the XL prompt    using the phrase <UDF name>(<exp list>).                                    Command: GRAPH FORM                                                         Syntax: GRAPH FORM <filename 1> | ? | <skeleton> [<scope>]                  [WHILE <condition>] [FOR <condition>] [HATCH] [TO PRINT]                    [TO FILE <filename 2> [IMAGE | PAINT]]                                                                                                                  Description: GRAPH FORM displays a graph using the format stored in the     graph form file <filename 1>, created with CREATE GRAPH or MODIFY GRAPH.    GRAPH FORM displays data for up to 40 records from the active database,     starting with the current record unless you have specified <scope>,         WHILE, or FOR conditions. HATCH (EGA monitors only) causes hatch marks      to appear in pie and bar graphs. TO FILE, used with the IMAGE option,       causes GRAPH FORM to write the graph in the GEM(TM) image format. <file-    name 2> is given an .img extension and can be used by Xerox Ventura         Publisher(TM). TO FILE, used with the PAINT option, causes GRAPH FORM       to send the graph to <filename 2> with a .pcx extension for use by PC       Paintbrush(TM) and Aldus Pagemaker(TM).                                     Command: SET EVENT                                                          Syntax: SET EVENT TO [<logExp> | FILE <filename> | ? | <skeleton>                                                                                       Description: SET EVENT specifies a logical expression or a routine          contained in the specified binary file that continuously checks whether     a processing event has occurred.                                                                                                                        <logExp> is any logical expression that indicates the occurrence of an      event. EOF(), for example, signals an end-of-file condition. If <logExp>    returns .T., the event has occurred. If .F., the event has not occurred.    FILE <filename> moves a nonzero value into the BX register if the event     occurs or moves a zero value into the BX register if the event does not     occur. <filename> must be a .bin (binary) file.                                                                                                         SET EVENT TO without arguments clears a previously established SET EVENT    logical expression or routine.                                              Command: DIMENSION and DECLARE                                              Syntax: DIMENSION <memvar>[<numExp list>]                                                         or                                                        DIMENSION <memvar1>[<numExp list1>],<memvar2>[<numExp list2>],...         Square brackets ([]) are required syntax components, and not options.                                                                                 Description: DIMENSION defines one or more arrays. An array is a single     memory variable that can contain many values (data elements). Each          <memvar>[<numExp list>] defines the dimension of the array named            <memvar>. The number of numeric expressions in <numExp list> determines     the number of dimensions of the array. Each numeric expression in           <numExp list> specifies how many data elements that dimension has.          <numExp list> can contain from 1 to 255 dimensions, but the array cannot    hold more than 255 elements. Elements can be any data type but Array.       The default is Logical .F.  DECLARE is identical to DIMENSION.                                                                                          Command: SET GRAPHPRINT                                                     Syntax: SET GRAPHPRINT TO [EPSONFX | IBM | OKIDATA | HPLASERJET |           HPPLOTTER [SIZE <numExp>] [HORIZONTAL | VERTICAL] [ASPECT <numExp>]]                                                                                    Description: SET GRAPHPRINT sets the printer parameters for graphs          printed using GRAPH FORM or CREATE/MODIFY GRAPH. The printer names          listed refer to specific graphics printers or to compatible printers.       SIZE specifies the size of the graph on the printer page and takes as       its argument a number from 0 to 5. HORIZONTAL | VERTICAL specifies          direction of printing. ASPECT determines the roundness of pie charts        only, and takes as its argument any number > 0 and <= 1.                                                                                                SET GRAPHPRINT TO with no argument returns the graph print settings to      their defaults--specifying graphs to be printed HORIZONTALly on an IBM      graphics printer or compatible with a SIZE of 0. The ASPECT ratio for       pie charts differs according to the type of graphics card you are using.  