       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 1

                              Using The Help File


            You  may  move  around and explore the help file by typing N

       for the Next screen, by typing P  for  the  previous  screen,  by

       typing  Q  for  Quit,  or  by  typing S and a number to jump to a

       specific screen.  Both upper and lower case  letters  will  work.

       Enter  your  selection and press the return key.  You will return

       to the Turbo Braille pprompt "TB->" when you  are  finished.   To

       exit  from  Turbo  Braille,  at the TB-> prompt, press return and

       follow directions.


                                     - 1 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 2

                              What You May Enter

            At the TB-> prompt you may enter:  (1) an input  file  name,

       possibly  an  ambiguous one with the DOS wild card characters "*"

       or "?"; (2) a Turbo Braille command, beginning with a slash or  a

       dash  to distinguish it from a file name, followed by one or more

       letters and other information.



            If you enter the name of a file, Turbo Braille  will  figure

       out what kind of file it is from the contents of the file.



                                     - 2 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 3

                             Types Of Input Files


            You  may  enter  the  name  of  a  WordStar document file, a

       WordPerfect document file, an ASCII file formatted for  printing,

       or  a  "Braille Intermediate File" created automatically by Turbo

       Braille, or directly with the help of an ASCII  editor.   A  "BIF

       file"  contains the text of the original document in ASCII format

       together with formatting commands used by Turbo Braille.  You may

       edit these formatting  commands  for  precise  control  over  the

       resulting braille document.


                                     - 3 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 4

                              Files Not Processed


            When  using wild card characters, it is easy to specify more

       files than you intend.  Therefore files with  certain  file  name

       extensions will not be processed by Turbo Braille.  These are the

       DOS  file extensions .COM, .EXE, .LIB, .OBJ, and .SYS; the backup

       file  extensions  .BAK  and  .BK!;  the  data  compression   file

       extensions  .ARC,  .LZH, .ZIP, and .ZOO; and the KANSYS Inc. file

       extensions .BRL, .CFG, and .PV3.  Files with these extensions are

       unlikely to contain text and must be renamed if they  are  to  be


                                     - 4 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 5

       processed.


                               Types Of Outputs


            You  may  want  to  create  a  BIF  file  automatically from

       WordStar  documents,  WordPerfect  documents,  or  ASCII  printer

       files;  or  you  may  want to produce a finished braille document

       from BIF files, or  directly  from  WordStar  files,  WordPerfect

       files,  or  ASCII  printer  files.   You  may  send the resulting

       translation to a braille embosser attached to your  computer,  or

       write it to a disk file for later printing or further processing.

                                     - 5 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 6

                              Modes Of Operation


            The  program  operates in a batch mode and in an interactive

       mode.  In  the  batch  mode  the  file  names  and  commands  (or

       "switches")  follow  the program name on the command line and are

       processed from left to right.  In the interactive mode  they  are

       given  one  at  a  time  at the prompt as needed.  The batch mode

       switches and interactive mode commands  are  identical  with  one

       exception:  there is a "/P" command but no "/P" switch.  There is

       a total of less than a dozen commands and switches.


                                     - 6 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 7

            To  operate  Turbo  Braille  in  the  batch  mode, enter any

       desired switches and file names on the command line, but  do  not

       use the /H switch.  If other switches and file names are included

       as  well  as  the  /H  switch,  Turbo Braille first completes all

       requested batch mode processing and then enters interactive mode.

       To operate Turbo Braille  in  the  interactive  mode,  enter  the

       program  name with no switches or file names on the command line,

       or include the /H switch on the command line.





                                     - 7 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 8

                             Saving Program Setups


            The program setup may be saved  in  your  current  directory

       (local  setup)  or  in  the directory where the program files are

       stored (global setup).  A saved  setup  is  recalled  when  Turbo

       Braille  starts  execution.   A  local  setup is used if present;

       otherwise a global one is used.  The /SL command  saves  a  local

       setup,  while the /SG command saves a global one.  The batch mode

       switches /SL and /SG are also available.




                                     - 8 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 9

                             Commands And Switches


            The following commands and switches are available  in  batch

       mode  and in interactive mode.  The leading slash shown with each

       switch or command may be replaced by a leading dash.


            /A -- Add a formatting command (dot command) to  the  stored

       setup.  Such commands are processed before the first line of each

       input file, and permit changing the program's defaults.  Usage:

                                     /A.xx

       where ".XX" is any legal dot command recognized by Turbo Braille.

                                     - 9 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 10

            /D  --  Delete  a  formatting command (dot command) from the

       stored setup.  Usage:

                                     /D.XX

                                      /D*

       where ".XX" is any legal dot command recognized by Turbo Braille,

       and where "*" deletes all stored dot commands.


            /F -- Format output for a specific printer.  Printer  #0  is

       the  default  printer.  Other printers may be defined with the /P

       command and selected for formatting by the /F switch or  command.


                                    - 10 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 11

       Usage:

                                      /F#

       where  "#"  is  a digit indicating the desired printer, or may be

       "?" (interactive mode only) to show the current setting.


            /H -- Help file (this file) display.  Using the /H switch in

       the batch mode  automatically  changes  the  batch  run  into  an

       interactive run.  Usage:

                                      /H




                                    - 11 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 12

            /J  --  Jump  over pages at start of braille document before

       producing output.  The default value is 0; no pages are  skipped.

       Usage:

                                     /J###

       where "###" is the number of pages to jump over.


            /M  --  Make .BIF files, .BRL files, or both files, from the

       original input documents.  The  default  "2"  creates  a  braille

       document  only,  with  the  extension ".BRL", and sends it to the

       printer or a disk file as directed by the /W switch  or  command.


                                    - 12 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 13

       Usage:

                                      /M#

       where "#" is in the range 0 through 3, or may be "?" (interactive

       mode only) to show the current setting.  "0" makes no output; "1"

       makes a .BIF file; "2" makes a .BRL file; and "3" makes both.


            /P  --  Printer  definition  for  up to ten printers.  These

       definitions may  differ  in  maximum  page  sizes,  line  widths,

       offsets,  paper  type,  and page break method.  This is a command

       only; not available as a switch.  Printer #0  is  defined  as  25


                                    - 13 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 14

       lines  by  40  cells  with  no offset, continuous paper with form

       feeds separating successive pages.  Printers #1  through  #9  are

       user defined.  Usage:

                                      /P#

       where  "#" is in the range 0 through 9, or may be "?" to show the

       currently defined printers.


            /S -- Show or save the current setup.  The three  variations

       /S?,  /SL,  and /SG are available to show the data in the current

       setup, to save it locally in the current directory, or to save it


                                    - 14 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 15

       globally in the directory where Turbo Braille is stored.  If  the

       current  directory is the one where Turbo Braille is stored, then

       /SL and /SG are identical.  Usage:

                                      /S#

       where "#" may be "?" (interactive mode only) to show  the  setup,

       "L" for local save, or "G" for global save.


            /V  --  Set the verbosity level of the program.  The default

       value "0" produces very few messages  during  program  execution.

       Usage:


                                    - 15 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 16

                                      /V#

       where "#" is in the range 0 through 9, or may be "?" (interactive

       mode only) to show the current setting.


            /W  --  Write  braille  document to the printer (the DOS PRN

       device), to a disk file, or to both.  The default "2" writes to a

       disk file for later printing or further processing.  Usage:

                                      /W#

       where "#" is in the range 0 through 3, or may be "?" (interactive

       mode only) to show the current  setting.   "0"  discards  braille


                                    - 16 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 17

       output,  even  if requested by /M2 or /M3; "1" writes directly to

       the attached printer;  "2"  writes  to  a  file  using  the  .BRL

       extension; "3" writes both to the printer and to a file.


                              Formatting Commands


            Formatting  is  controlled  by  dot  commands  and  imbedded

       commands.  Turbo Braille automatically inserts some of each  when

       creating  a BIF file or a finished braille document directly from

       a source document; none are inserted when translating a BIF  file

       into  braille.   You  may  add  other  dot  commands and imbedded

                                    - 17 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 18

       commands to those automatically inserted in a BIF file  for  more

       precise control of the finished product.


            Each  dot  command in a BIF file is complete on one line; it

       does not share a  line  with  the  text  of  the  document.   Dot

       commands  are  identified  by a leading dot or period, which must

       appear in position one of the line.  Lines starting with two dots

       or periods are treated as comments,  and  are  ignored  by  Turbo

       Braille.   The  dot  commands  automatically inserted are:  ".CE"

       center the next line; ".SP" insert a blank line;  ".BR"  start  a


                                    - 18 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 19

       new  line;  ".PP" start a new paragraph; ".PN" new page number in

       the source document; ".IT" italicize the text on the next line.


            Imbedded commands may appear on the same line as the text of

       your document.  They may occur between words  or  even  within  a

       word.   Imbedded  commands  are identified by a leading backslash

       character "\"  followed  by  a  single  character  to  specify  a

       particular  command.   Two  successive  backslash  characters are

       treated as  an  ordinary  backslash  within  the  document.   The

       imbedded  commands automatically inserted are:  "\_" begin or end


                                    - 19 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 20

       underlining text; "\!" begin or end boldface text; and the  three

       "spring   characters"   which  expand  when  translated  to  push

       surrounding text toward the margins.  These are  "\:"  to  spread

       spaces,  "\."  to spread the standard braille guide dot, and "\-"

       to spread a  solid  line,  such  as  that  used   for  the   page

       separator.   Turbo  Braille uses italics for both underlining and

       boldface as well as true italics in the source document.







                                    - 20 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 21

                                 Dot Commands


            Below is an alphabetic list of valid  dot  commands  with  a

       brief  discussion  of  each  one.   Each  dot  command occupies a

       complete line of the BIF file, and consists of a dot or period in

       position one, two letters in positions two and  three  specifying

       the  command,  and  in  many cases one or more optional arguments

       providing additional information.






                                    - 21 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 22

                                    (1) .BL


            Bottom Line:  The bottom line of each braille  page  may  be

       used  for  text or may contain a running title.  If used for text

       it may contain no page number, a roman  or  arabic  braille  page

       number,  or a print page number at the right margin.  The running

       title may also specify page numbers.  Usage:

                                    .BL x,y

       where "x" is 0 or 1 for text or title, and "y" is 0, 1, 2,  or  3

       for  no  number,  roman  braille page number, arabic braille page


                                    - 22 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 23

       number, or print page number.  The default is ".BL  0,0"  to  use

       the  bottom  line  for text with no page numbers.  See also ".TL"

       and ".RH".


                                    (2) .BP


            Begin Page:  This command starts a  new  braille  page.   It

       works  when  not already at top of page.  You may also change the

       page number of the page to be started by  including  the  desired

       page number with the command.  The page number may be relative to

       the  present braille page or an arbitrary new page number.  If no

                                    - 23 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 24

       new page number is requested, the present page number plus one is

       used.  If already positioned at the top of  a  page,  or  at  the

       start of the file, this command will not skip a page, which would

       leave a blank page in the document.  Usage:

                                      .BP

                                     .BP n

                                     .BP +n

                                     .BP -n

       where "n" is the number of the new braille page, and "+n" or "-n"

       are relative to the present page number.  See also ".PN".

                                    - 24 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 25

                                    (3) .BR


            Break:   Normally,  Turbo Braille ignores line breaks in the

       BIF file and produces filled lines of text in the braille output.

       This command lets you arbitrarily start a new braille line,  even

       if  more  text  would  fit  on the current line.  It is the Turbo

       Braille equivalent of the "hard carriage  return"  used  in  word

       processors.  Usage:

                                      .BR

       where there are no arguments. See also ".FI" and ".NF".


                                    - 25 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 26

                                    (4) .CC


            Command Character:  (reserved).


                                    (5) .CE


            Center:   The next line or lines of text in the BIF file are

       centered in the braille output.  A  line too long for  the  width

       of  the braille page is divided in two at a convenient place, and

       each half is centered.  Usage:

                                      .CE


                                    - 26 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 27

                                     .CE n

       where  "n"  specifies  how  many  lines  that  follow  should  be

       centered.  If no argument  is used, one is assumed.


                                    (6) .DV


            Divide:   This command places a line of braille dots two and

       five across the braille page  so  that  the  page  may  later  be

       folded.   You  may  specify  one or two lines to fold the page in

       halves or in thirds.  Usage:

                                      .DV

                                    - 27 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 28

                                     .DV n

                                    .DV n,n

            where "n" is the number of the line or lines  to  fill  with

       braille  dots  two  and  five.   If  no  arguments  are used, any

       previous request is canceled.











                                    - 28 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 29

                                    (7) .EW


            End Writing:  Usage:

                                      .EW

       where there are no arguments. See also ".WF" and ".RF".












                                    - 29 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 30

                                    (8) .FI


            Fill:  Normally, Turbo Braille ignores line  breaks  in  the

       BIF file and produces filled lines of text in the braille output.

       This  command restores that condition (called "filling") after it

       has been suspended.  Usage:

                                      .FI

       where there are no arguments. See also ".BR" and ".NF".






                                    - 30 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 31

                                    (9) .GR


            Grade:  The grade of braille translation  is  selected  with

       this  command.   Grade 1 uses the same composition rules as Grade

       2, but is not contracted.  Grade 0 uses the same filling of lines

       and formation of pages as grades 1 and 2,  but  passes  all  text

       directly to the output.  Usage:

                                     .GR n

       where  "n"  is  0,  1, or 2, for the grade of braille translation

       desired.  The default is grade 2.  See also the imbedded commands


                                    - 31 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 32

       "\0", "\1", and "\2".


                                   (10) .HL


            Horizontal Line:  This command  is  used  to  insert  twelve

       cells  of  dots  two and five in the center of a braille line. It

       produces  the  standard  "termination  line"  used  to   separate

       successive articles, as in magazine format.  Usage:

                                      .HL

       where there are no arguments.



                                    - 32 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 33

                                   (11) .IN


            Indent:  This command indents all lines of text that follow,

       until  another  indentation  level is specified.  A value must be

       specified, which may be given relative to the current indentation

       or as the number of positions to indent from  any   page  offset.

       Usage:

                                     .IN n

                                     .IN +n

                                     .IN -n


                                    - 33 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 34

       where  "n" is the number of positions to indent, and "+n" or "-n"

       are relative to the current indentation.  See also ".PO",  ".PP",

       ".RM", and ".TI".


                                   (12) .IP


            Interpoint:   This  command  causes  the  commands ".TL" and

       ".BL" to be used in formatting odd pages only.   On  even  pages,

       the  values ".TL 0,0" and ".BL 0,0" are used instead of specified

       values.  This command is useful in  preparing  documents  for  an

       interpoint  braille embosser, which embosses on both sides of the

                                    - 34 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 35

       paper.  Usage:

                                      .IP

       where there are no arguments.  See also ".NI", ".TL", and ".BL".


                                   (13) .IT


            Italics:  The line or lines of text that follow in  the  BIF

       file  are  italicized in the braille output.  The italicized text

       is not prevented from being filled with earlier  or  later  text.

       Lines  of text may be both italicized and centered.  This command

       may immediately precede or follow the command for  centering.   A

                                    - 35 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 36

       centered  line that is only partially italicized may not use this

       command; the imbedded commands for underscore  and  boldface  are

       used instead.  Usage:

                                      .IT

                                     .IT n

       where  "n"  specifies  how  many  lines  that  follow  should  be

       italicized.  See also the imbedded commands "\_" and "\!".







                                    - 36 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 37

                                   (14) .NE


            Need:  There are times when braille should not appear  on  a

       page with too few remaining unused lines.  This command specifies

       a  "need"  to  have a minimum number of unused lines remaining on

       the current page before proceeding with  the  output.   If  fewer

       than the specified number of lines remain, a new page is started.

       This  is  the  Turbo  Braille equivalent of the "conditional page

       break" used in word processors.  Usage:

                                     .NE n


                                    - 37 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 38

       where "n" is the number of  lines  that  must  remain  to  permit

       output of the text that follows.


                                   (15) .NF


            No Fill:  Normally, Turbo Braille ignores line breaks in the

       BIF file and produces filled lines of text in the braille output.

       This  command suspends the filling process so that every new line

       in the BIF file starts a new line of braille.  Usage:

                                      .NF

       where there are no arguments. See also ".BR" and ".FI".

                                    - 38 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 39

                                   (16) .NI


            No Interpoint:  This command causes the commands  ".TL"  and

       ".BL"  to  be  applied  to both odd and even pages, reversing the

       effect of the ".IP" command.  Usage:

                                      .NI

       where there are no arguments. See also ".IP", ".TL",  and ".BL".








                                    - 39 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 40

                                   (17) .PL


            Page Length:  Usage:

                                     .PL n

                                     .PL +n

                                     .PL -n

       where "n" is the number of lines per braille page, and "+n" or "-

       n" are relative to the current page length.






                                    - 40 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 41

                                   (18) .PN


            Page Number:  This  command  lets  you  keep  track  in  the

       braille  document of print page numbers in the original material.

       It is used after print page number display has been selected with

       either the ".TL" or the ".BL" command.  If the  current  position

       is  neither  the  top  line  nor  the  bottom line of the current

       braille page, a solid horizontal  line  is  inserted  across  the

       braille  page,  followed  by the new print page number.  If print

       page numbers advance normally, no argument  need  be  given  with


                                    - 41 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 42

       this  command.   You  may  specify  a  new  print  page number if

       desired.  The page number may be relative to  the  present  print

       page or an arbitrary page number.  Usage:

                                      .PN

                                     .PN n

                                     .PN +n

                                     .PN -n

       where  "n"  is the number of the new print page, and "+n" or "-n"

       are relative to the present page number.  See also ".BL",  ".BP",

       and ".TL".

                                    - 42 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 43

                                   (19) .PO


            Page  Offset:   This command specifies the number of leading

       spaces to add to each line  of  braille  before  printing  it  or

       writing  it  to  a file.  Page offset affects both left and right

       margins equally, and comprises an area "to the left  of  position

       one"  which  is  not  available for processing.  The argument may

       specify a change from the current  setting,  or  may  specify  an

       arbitrary  number  of  leading spaces.  The default is no offset.

       Usage:


                                    - 43 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 44

                                     .PO n

                                     .PO +n

                                     .PO -n

       where "n" is the number of positions to offset the page, and "+n"

       or "-n" are relative to the current page offset.  See also ".IN",

       ".PP", ".RM", and ".ti".









                                    - 44 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 45

                                   (20) .PP


            Paragraph:  This command causes a break in the text  filling

       process,  and  indents  the  next  line  two positions beyond the

       current indentation.  Usage:

                                      .PP

       where there are no arguments.  See also ".IN", ".PO", ".RM",  and

       ".TI".






                                    - 45 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 46

                                   (21) .RF


            Read  File:   This  command inserts the contents of one file

       into another during braille translation.  The  inserted  file  is

       assumed  to  be  another  BIF  file,  and  may  contain text, dot

       commands, and imbedded commands.   It  may  not  contain  another

       ".RF"  command.   Any  number of ".RF" commands may appear in the

       file, permitting large  documents  to  be  created  from  several

       smaller  files,  or  the  automatic inclusion of standard "boiler

       plate" passages.  Usage:


                                    - 46 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 47

                                  .RF filename

       where "filename" may specify a file in the current directory,  or

       may  specify  another device or directory as well as a file.  The

       DOS wild card characters are  not  supported.   See  also  ".SB",

       ".WF", and ".EW".











                                    - 47 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 48

                                   (22) .RH


            Running  Header:   This command allows a running title to be

       used in the braille document.  Only one title may be in effect at

       a time.  The title may appear at the top of  each  page,  at  the

       bottom  of each page, or both, as desired.  The first argument of

       the ".TL" or the ".BL" command determines the appearance  of  the

       running title as a header or footer, respectively. Usage:

                               .RH text of title

            where  "text  of  title"  may  be  any ordinary English text


                                    - 48 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 49

       phrase.  Spring characters and print  enhancements  must  not  be

       used.    Capitalization   and  punctuation  are  recognized,  and

       imbedded grade change commands are supported.  If no argument  is

       used, any previous title is canceled.  See also ".BL" and ".TL".


                                   (23) .RM


            Right Margin:  This command specifies the last cell position

       on  a  braille  line.   The  argument  may give a change from the

       current setting, or may be an arbitrary cell position.  The right

       margin plus the page offset may not exceed the maximum  width  of

                                    - 49 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 50

       the  line  the  printer  can print.  The number of cells actually

       embossed on a line is the  right  margin  less  the  indentation.

       Usage:

                                     .RM n

                                     .RM +n

                                     .RM -n

       where  "n"  is  the  rightmost  cell position to be embossed on a

       line, and "+n" or "-n" are relative to the current right  margin.

       See also ".IN", ".PP", ".PO", and ".TI".



                                    - 50 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 51

                                   (24) .SB


            Substitute:   A string of text may be substituted for one of

       the letters of the  alphabet,  which  may  then  be  used  as  an

       imbedded  command.   The  .SB command defines the substitution so

       that later references to the letter in an imbedded  command  will

       retrieve  and  insert  the  string  at  the  point  of reference.

       Substitutions may be defined and saved in the Turbo Braille setup

       for use when processing a BIF file.  They may also be defined  in

       one file and invoked in another.  Usage:


                                    - 51 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 52

                              .SB x string of text

       where  "x"  is  any  letter  and  "string of text" is any desired

       information.  Upper and lower case letters are not distinguished,

       but case is respected in  the  string  of  text.   A  space  must

       separate the command name from the letter and the letter from the

       string.   No  special  punctuation  marks the start or end of the

       string.  Substitutions may not be nested.  See also ".RF" and the

       section on imbedded commands.





                                    - 52 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 53

                                   (25) .SK


            Skip:  This command inserts one or more blank lines into the

       braille document.  It works even if at  top  of  page.   With  no

       argument, one blank line is inserted.  Usage:

                                      .SK

                                     .SK n

       where  "n"  is  the  number  of  blank lines to insert.  See also

       ".SP".




                                    - 53 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 54

                                   (26) .SP


            Space:  This command inserts one or more  blank  lines  into

       the braille document.  It works only if not at top of page.  With

       no argument, one blank line is inserted.  Usage:

                                      .SP

                                     .SP n

       where  "n"  is  the  number  of  blank lines to insert.  See also

       ".SK".




                                    - 54 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 55

                                   (27) .TC


            Table Of Contents:  (reserved).


                                   (28) .TI


            Temporary  Indent:   The  next  line  is  indented  to   the

       position,  or  by the number of positions, given in the argument.

       No lasting effect on indentation occurs.   This  command  permits

       "hanging  indents" or "undents" to be made, by first establishing

       a  permanent  indentation  of   several   positions,   and   then


                                    - 55 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 56

       temporarily indenting the next line fewer positions.  Usage:

                                     .TI n

                                     .TI +n

                                     .TI -n

       where  "n"  is  the  number  of positions to indent the next line

       only, and "+n" or "-n" are relative to  the  current  indentation

       and  are  used  to  indent  the  next line only.  See also ".IN",

       ".PO", and ".PP".





                                    - 56 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 57

                                   (29) .TL


            Top Line:  The top line of each braille page may be used for

       text or may contain a running title.  If used  for  text  it  may

       contain no page number, a roman or arabic braille page number, or

       a  print  page number at the right margin.  The running title may

       also specify page numbers.  Usage:

                                    .TL x,y

       where "x" is 0 or 1 for text or title, and "y" is 0, 1, 2,  or  3

       for  no  number,  roman  braille page number, arabic braille page


                                    - 57 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 58

       number, or print page number.  The default is ".TL  0,2"  to  use

       the top line for text with arabic braille page numbers.  See also

       ".BL" and ".RH".


                                   (30) .WF


            Write File:  (reserved).









                                    - 58 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 59

                               Imbedded Commands


            Imbedded  commands may occur on the same line as text in the

       BIF file, sandwiched between words, or  even  imbedded  within  a

       single  word  to  achieve  some  immediate effect.  Each imbedded

       command begins with the  backslash  character  "\"  and  includes

       exactly one additional character:  either a letter, a digit, or a

       punctuation   mark.   If  the  additional  character  is  also  a

       backslash character, then an ordinary backslash is recognized.




                                    - 59 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 60

            "\x", where "x" is a letter:  This command inserts a  string

       of  text  which  must previously have been defined in a ".SB" dot

       command.  The resulting string may contain still  other  imbedded

       commands, but may not contain other substitutions.


            "\0", "\1", "\2", the grade change commands:  These commands

       change the grade of braille in the middle of translation.  If you

       know that Turbo Braille incorrectly translates something, you can

       fix  it temporarily with these grade change commands.  To prevent

       "name" from appearing in "ornament" you may use  one  of  several


                                    - 60 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 61

       methods.   One  is  to surround the "n" or the "a" of "name" with

       "\1" and "\2" to change to grade 1 uncontracted braille just  for

       that  letter.   Another  method is to insert "\2" between "n" and

       "a", or between "a" and "m".  This is a request  to  change  from

       grade  2  to  grade 2, which at first glance does not make sense.

       It does break up the word "name"  quite  safely,  so  that  Turbo

       Braille cannot find it in its table of contractions.


            "\:",  "\.", "\-", the spring characters:  These expand when

       processed, inserting as many spaces, guide dots, or  solid  lines


                                    - 61 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 62

       as  are  required  to  fill a line.  Guide dots use dot #5; solid

       lines use dots #3 and #6.  Springs may be repeated in a  line  as

       often  as  needed and in any order, to achieve special formatting

       effects.   Do  not  use  them  in  lines  being  centered,  since

       centering uses a separate and incompatible mechanism.


            "\@",  "\#",  "\%",  page number characters:  These commands

       let you refer to the current braille page in roman numerals (\@),

       to the current braille page in arabic numerals (\#),  or  to  the

       current  print page in standard textbook page number format (\%).


                                    - 62 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 63

       Page numbers are placed on the top line or the bottom  line  with

       the  dot  commands  ".TL"  and ".BL", and not with these imbedded

       commands.  If you need to refer to the current braille  or  print

       page  anywhere  else  in  a document, you may use these commands.

       They may also be used  in  the  strings  of  text  of  the  ".SB"

       command,  so  that  when  the  letter  substitution  is made, the

       correct current page number in the desired format is used.


            "\!", "\_", print enhancement  characters:   These  commands

       are  toggles and each must be used twice, once to turn its action


                                    - 63 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 64

       on, and once again to turn it off.  The "\!"  controls  boldface,

       and  the  "\_" controls underscore.  Both boldface and underscore

       are  converted  to  italics  in  braille.   These  commands   act

       independently  from  one  another, and independently from the dot

       command ".IT".  You may not, for example, start italics with  one

       command  and expect to terminate it with another.  The variety of

       methods for italicizing reflects the fact  that  there  are  more

       methods  for  enhancing printed text than there are for enhancing

       braille text.



                                    - 64 -
