Copyright: Copyright 1995 Ph.D. Associates Inc


Making a File the Active Window
The active window is the window which you are currently using.  It is in the foreground and the title bar will change colour when you click on it.

To make a file the active file, click on the title bar of the window so that it is highlighted

or

Click on the Window menu and click on the file name in the list of files.  A black dot appears beside the active window.


Undo
Undo (Edit Menu)

Undoes the last change that you made to the map or data sheet

To Undo the last command

a)  Click on Edit in the Main menu.

b)  If Undo is blackend, Click on it.  The operation that you performed before clicking on Edit will be undone.

If Can't Undo is in the Edit menu then the last command cannot be undone.

or

Click on the Undo button on the tool bar [image], if it is blackend.


Contents
GADS Help Index

How to Use the GADS Help

Using GADS

The GADS Workspace

Using the Menus and Tool Bars

Working with Map and Data sheet Windows

Working with your Files

Working with Maps

Working with Data sheets

Quitting GADS

Reference Information

Recommended System Requirements

Menu Commands

Algorithms

SAIL - The GADS Algorithm Language

Paint Tools (Tool Bar)

Map Manipulation Tools (Tool Bar, Command Bar and the Edit Bar)

Data Sheet Tools (Command Bar and Edit Bar)

Using Colour

Technical Support

How to Reach Us


How to preserve map features so that they will show through information plotted on top of them
How to preserve map features so that they will show through information plotted or drawn on top of them

(Masking)

There are two steps you must take to preserve your map features before plotting or drawing on top of them.  One is to paint to the Mask when you are plotting the map features that you want to show through, and the other is to turn on the Mask while you are plotting or drawing on top of the features.

The Mask is a layer of the map that defines features that you want to see, after you have plotted other attributes over them.  An example is a coast or grid line.  You can also define a shape, for instance a rectangle.  The way to define the features of the mask layer is to use Paint to Mask while you are plotting or drawing.  When you do this a feature is said to be "masked".

You can see the masked features by using Show Mask.  The mask layer will appear as stripes on your map.

To set the Mask so that the masked features are not drawn or plotted over, use Turn on Mask.

These 3 commands are tools as well as menu commands.

To use Paint to Mask:

Note:  Select Paint to Mask before plotting Geography

a)  Click on Mask in the Tools menu.  Highlight Paint to Mask by dragging the mouse over it.  A check mark indicates Paint to Mask is active.  or  Click on the Paint to Mask Tool [image] on the Command bar.

b)  Using the Plot menu or a Paint tool, draw the feature, contour or shape that is of interest.

c)  Deactivate Paint to Mask by going in to the Mask menu in Tools and highlighting Paint to Mask.  or  Click on the Paint to Mask tool [image] on the Command bar.

To Show the Mask:

Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Show Mask.  or  Click on the Show Mask tool [image] .

A check mark appears beside Show Mask.  The mask is now displayed as stripped lines on the areas that are masked.

To Hide the Mask:

a)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.

b)  Click on Show Mask.  The check mark will disappear.  or  Click on the Show Mask tool [image] .

To Turn on the Mask:

a)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Turn On Mask.  or  Click on the Enable/Disable Mask tool [image].

The mask is now active.  Features, contours or shapes that are plotted after this will not cover any of the areas on the map that are masked.

b)  Plot, contour or draw the features of interest.

To Turn off the Mask:

a)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.

b)  Click on Turn Off Mask.  or  Click on the Enable/Disable Mask tool [image].

The mask is now disabled.  Features, contours or shapes that are now plotted will cover all areas.


Map Projections

When you make a map, you are drawing the earth.  The earth is round and 3-dimensional.  A map is flat and usually is displayed on a square piece of paper or screen.  To transpose the 3-dimensional properties of the earth to a map, a projection is needed.  Projections are used so that the map you draw has the same scale, shape and distance between two areas, as the areas on the earth and to make the map look similar to the earth.  Note:  Not all projections retain all properties of the earth.   A projection may only retain one.

Different map projections are used to best represent the different areas of the world.  Generally the equatorial to mid-latitudes and maps that cover a small area of the world are best represented by Equirectangular and Mercator projections.  Mid-latitudes are best represented by Lambert projections and northern and southern hemisphere maps which include a Pole, are plotted using Polar projections.

The maximum co-ordinate ranges for each projection, as assigned by GADS, are:

a) Polar

North Polar:	20N to 20N with the centre of the map being the North Pole

South Polar:	20S to 20S with the centre of the map being the South Pole

There is a true latitude for this projection but is not selectable because it is always the pole.

b) Lambert

North Lambert:   80N to 10N

South Lambert:  10S to 80S

You can select two true latitude co-ordinates for this projection.  If you are unsure of your choice, it is best to situate the trues equidistant between your upper and lower latitude.

c) Mercator:  80N to 80S

There is one true latitude for this projection.  It is usually chosen to be the centre latitude of the map, half of the distance between the top and bottom latitude.

d) Equirectangular :  90N to 90S

There is one true latitude for this projection.  It is usually chosen to be the centre latitude of the map, half of the distance between the top and bottom latitude.

See

Map Creation


Help Instructions

To return to the Help Index after you have read these instructions, click the Back button on the Command Bar or press the B key.

To use the Help Index

Click on a topic or press the TAB key until you highlight the topic you want. Press Enter.

To Scroll in a Window

Use the scroll bars on the side of the window with the mouse or press the up arrow and down arrow keys on the keyboard.

To Search for help on a Topic

Click the Search button or press S on the keyboard.

If you do not know how to use help, click on the Help menu at the top of the window or use the keys Alt, H, H.


drop down menus
A drop down menu allows you to select from a list of pre-defined options.  In GADS, a drop down menu is a box with an down arrow to the right of it.  The currently selected option is displayed in the box.  By clicking on the down arrow, the other options are presented.  To choose an option, click on the option so it is highlighted.


Working with Maps

Starting a New Map

Opening a Map

Saving a Map

Closing a Map

Plotting Geography on your Map

Plotting Grid Lines

How to preserve map features so that they will show through information plotted or drawn on top of them

How to "erase" all the plotted features on your map and start your map again, without making a new map

Plotting Contours

Plotting Line Files

Plotting Text Files

Changing the Projection of your Map

Copying a section of the Map or Colour Palette

Pasting on a Map or Palette

Creating a New Colour

Changing a Colour

Putting Titles on your Map

Calculating Distance and making a Scale Bar

Creating a Legend

Putting a box around your map (framing your map)

Printing your Map


Opening a File

To open a file we are assuming that a GADS compatible file has been created and placed on the system.

To open a file:

a)  Click on the File menu and then click on Open.

or

  Type ALT+F, O on the keyboard.

or

  Click on the Open tool [image] on the Command Bar.

b) A dialog box appears with the following options.  Choose from each section and then click OK to open your file.

A)  List Files of Type

First select the type of file you want to open.

  If the file type you want is described in the Files Type box, for instance GADS Map, and the extension of your file appears in the File Name are of the dialog box, go to section B)  Drive.

  If you need to change the file type,

a)  Click on the down arrow beside the List of Files Type box.   A list of all available file types appears.

b)  Click on the one you are interested in.  The file type is displayed in the box and the file extensions are listed in the File Name area.

The following are the File types available in GADS.

GADS Map (*.g3m, *.img)

All the GADS map files in the current directory that were saved with the extension g3m or img will be displayed in the File Name area.

GADS Data (*.mfd)

All the GADS data files in the current directory that were saved with the extension mfd will be displayed in the File Name area.

Text Data (*.txt, *.csv)

All the text files in the current directory that were saved with the extension txt or csv will be displayed in the File Name area.

Bitmap (*.bmp)

All Windows bitmap files in the current directory that were saved with the extension bmp will be displayed in the File Name area.

All Files

All files in the current directory whether they are GADS compatible or not, will be displayed in the File Name area.

B)  Drives

Use this section to select the drive in which you have stored the GADS file you want to open.

To choose a drive,

 The drive listed in the box is the currently active drive.  If you want to change this, click on the down arrow beside the box under Drives and highlight or click on a Drive.  The change is reflected in the Drive box.

C)  Directories

Use this command to select the directory in which you have stored the GADS file you want to open.

If the current directory, the directory with the open folder beside it, is not the directory you are interested in, click on the name of the directory you need if it is displayed or click on the drive folder to see a list of directories in that drive.  Use the Scroll bars to move up and down the list.

D)  File Name

Use this section to select the file you want to open.

If the filename appears in the File name section of this dialog box, click on the name or type it in the File Name box.  Use the scroll bar if the list of files is longer than the list section.

If the filename does not appear in the File Name section, check your selections as described above.

E)  Read Only

If you would like to open a file for viewing only, click on the box beside Read Only.  A check mark in the box means Read Only is active.

If you open a file Read Only, you cannot save changes to the file unless you save the document using Save As and change the name of the file.

To accept your selections and open a file, click on the OK button.

-----------------------------------------

If you have chosen to open a Text type file, the Delimited Text File Format dialog box appears requesting information about the file so that it can be properly displayed in GADS.

There are five sections to the File Format dialog box.

To open your text format data file,

a)  Click on the Preview button to see the first few fields of your data set displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.  This will help you describe the different attributes of the file.

b)  If the first line of your data set contains the titles of the fields(columns), click on the box beside First Record Contains Field Name.  An x will appear.

c)  In the Field Delimiter section of the dialog box, click on the button beside the selection that describes how the fields are separated.  A black dot will appear beside your choice.

If you choose Custom, you must type in the character that separates the fields.  Click in the box beside Custom and type in the character.

d)  In the Text Qualifier section of the dialog box, click on the button that describes how each block of information is defined.

If you choose Custom, you must type in the character that defines the fields.    Click in the box beside Custom and type in the character.

e) In the Character section, click on the down arrow beside the pull down menu to choose if your data set was created using DOS or Windows. Click on your choice to select it.  If the Preview comes up with funny characters, you, may have chosen the wrong character type.

f)  Click on OK to open your data sheet.


Column (Format Menu)

Use this command to set the justification and width of a column of your data set.  You must always format a complete column.

To format a column:

a)  Highlight the column of the active data sheet.  To do this click on Latitude, Longitude or the field name at the top of the column.

b)  Choose Column from the Format menu by clicking on it.  A dialog box will appear allowing you to change the Alignment, and Width of a column.

Alignment determines where the number will be placed in the column.

Width determines the size of the column.

c)  Click on the button beside your choice for the Alignment section.  A selection is active if it has a black dot in the button.  Type in the width you would like the column to be.

If you would like to make these settings the Default, click on the Default button under Help in the dialog box.  The display you have chosen is now the default for all subsequent data files you open.  In the current data file, the selected field is the only one that will change.

d)  Click OK when you have your chosen display format.


Quitting GADS

To Exit GADS

Click on the File menu and then click on Exit.

or

Double click the Application Control menu button in the top left corner of the window.

or

Press ALT + F, X.

Quitting the GADS application will close all your open GADS files.  GADS will ask you if you want to save changes to your open windows before closing.

When you quit GADS, the last position and size of the GADS window is kept in the GADS.ini file.  The next time you open GADS, the GADS workspace will appear the same way you left it.


GADS Menu Commands
Menu Commands

Initial Menu Commands

Map Menu Commands

Data Menu Commands


Initial Menu Commands

File Menu

New

Open

Exit

Options Menu

Status Bar

Help

Contents


Status Bar
The bar at the bottom of the GADS window that displays information about the function being performed and the current status of your active window, such as the position of the cursor in x,y, the position of the cursor in latitude/longitude and the status of the Num Lock, Scroll Lock and Caps Lock keys.  When using the straight line tool and the connect tool, the status bar also displays distance in kilometers.


GADS Map Menu Commands
Map Menus

File Menu

New

Open

Close

Save

Save As

Print

Print Setup

Exit

Edit

Undo

Redo

Copy

Paste

Plot Menu

Geography

Grid lines

Contours

Line file

Text file

Set Projection

Tools Menu

Colour Select

Line Style

Fill Pattern

Mask

Paint tool

Other tools

None

View Menu

View

Options

Rulers

Palette

Font...

Status Bar

Window

New Window

Cascade

Tile

Arrange Icons

Window 1..9

Help

Contents


Palette (Options Menu)

Use this command to display the Colour Palette Window.  The Colour Palette Window can be hidden, placed along the bottom of the application window or along the right of the map window.  When the Colour Palette Window is hidden, the map expands to fill the entire application window.

The Default for the Colour Palette is the right of the map.

To use:

  Click on the Options Menu and then click on Palette.  On the drop down menu, highlight your choice.  The active choice has a black dot in front of it.

To hide the Colour Palette:

  Click on the Options Menu and then click on Palette.  On the drop down menu, highlight Hidden.  A black dot will appear in front of Hidden and the Palette will disappear.

To display the Colour Palette to the right of the map,

  Click on the Options Menu and then click on Palette.  On the drop down menu, highlight Right.  A black dot will appear in front of Right and the Palette will move to the right side of the map window.

To place the Colour Palette at the bottom of the application window,

  Click on the Options Menu and then click on Palette.  On the drop down menu, highlight Bottom.  A black dot will appear in front of Bottom and the Palette will move to the bottom of the map window.


Show/Hide Colour Palette
Palette (Options Menu)

The Colour Palette displays colours that are associated with a map.  The Colour Palette can be displayed in two areas of the map window.  To the right of the map or below the map.  You can also hide the Palette so that the map can expand to fill the complete area of the application window.

The Default for the Colour Palette is to have it displayed a the right of the map.

To Hide the Colour Palette:

a)  Click on the Options Menu and then click on Palette.  On the drop down menu, highlight Hidden.  A black dot will appear in front of Hidden and the Palette will disappear.

To display the Colour Palette to the right of the map,

a)  Click on the Options Menu and then click on Palette.  On the drop down menu, highlight Right.  A black dot will appear in front of Right and the Palette will move to the right corner of the map window.

To place the Colour Palette at the bottom of the application window,

a)  Click on the Options Menu and then click on Palette.  On the drop down menu, highlight Bottom.  A black dot will appear in front of Bottom and the Palette will move to the bottom of the map window.


GADS Data Menu Commands
Data Menu Commands

File

New

Open

Close

Save

Save As

Exit

Edit

Cut

Copy

Paste

Clear

Fields

Delete

Insert

Format

Lat/Lon

Number

Column

Data

Sort

Merge

Algorithm

Statistics

Options

Field Tags

Font

Status Bar

Window

New Window

Cascade

Tile

Arrange Icons

Window 1..9

Help

Contents


Algorithms

Creating an Algorithm

SAIL Programming Language


SAIL Programming Language

Introduction to SAIL

SAIL Declaration Statements

SAIL Assignment Statements

Built-in SAIL Functions

Conditional Execution in SAIL

SAIL Pre-defined Constants

Comment Statements in SAIL

SAIL Reserved Names


Introduction to SAIL

The capability to create and run algorithms is an integral component of GADS data analysis.  With the capabilities of the SAIL language, you can create one-line or multi-line algorithms with conditional branching.  For those familiar with the C programming language, the similarities will be evident; however, YOU DO NOT HAVE TO BE A PROGRAMMER TO UTILIZE THE POWER OF SAIL IN YOUR GADS DATA ANALYSIS.  SAIL is a free-format and non-case-sensitive language, with each statement ending with the ; character.  All SAIL functions, constants, and syntax names are reserved.

By appropriate coding in SAIL, you can modify the values of existing data (including setting to the undefined state), create new data fields, and selectively delete entire records from the data sheet file.

NOTE: User-defined subroutines, loops, statement labels, GO TO statements, CASE statements, and assignments within an expression are not available in SAIL.


SAIL
SAIL is the high level programming language used to write GADS algorithms.  SAIL is an acronym for Simple Algorithmic Interpretive Language.


SAIL Declaration Statements

When writing an algorithm, you must declare all new fields that will result from your algorithm.  Data fields must be given a name and a type similar to the names and types you choose when creating the data set.  The name can be up to 12 alphanumeric characters, including the underscore character, and must begin with a letter.  The name cannot match a SAIL reserved name.

NOTE:  Upper and lower case letters are considered equal.

  It is not necessary to declare existing GADS variables.

There are five possible data types.  Their meaning and range of values are as follows:

Type	Storage Format	Range of Values

int	2-byte signed integer 	-32768 to 32767

long	4-byte signed integer 	-2147483648 to +2147483647

float	4-byte IEEE floating point	+/- 1.0E-30 to +/- 1.0E+30

double	8-byte IEEE floating point	+/- 1.0E-300 to +/- 1.0E+300

The fifth data type is 'local'.  The local data type is used for temporary variables.  Local variables are initialized to UNDEFINED when declared, and retain their assigned values during execution.  SAIL processes the data file on a record-by-record basis with the variables being assigned the current record's values at the start of each implied loop through the algorithm.  A 'local' variable retains its value from record to record and may act as an accumulator.  However, local variables are not written out to the data file.


SAIL Assignment Statements

The Assignment Statement is used to assign a new value.  The value is usually the result of a mathematical calculation.  The basic assignment operator is '='.  In addition, SAIL provides four convenient shorthand operators for arithmetic assignments:

          +=  (x+=y  equivalent to  x=x+y)

          -=  (x-=y  equivalent to  x=x-y)

          *=  (x*=y  equivalent to  x=x*y)

          /=  (x/=y  equivalent to  x=x/y)

There are also four arithmetic operators.  These are listed below in order of highest to lowest.

          *  (multiplication)  and  /  (division)

          +  (addition)        and  -  (subtraction)

As with other languages, SAIL has the usual precedence rules for determining the order of evaluation in expressions that contain more than one operator:

-  when two operators have unequal precedence, the operator with the higher precedence is evaluated first;

-  operators with equal precedence are evaluated from left to right;

-  you can change the normal order of precedence by enclosing an expression in brackets.

All mathematical operations are performed in the data type double.  Conversion from and to other types is performed as a result of your choices.


Built-in SAIL Functions

SAIL provides the following built-in functions to use in your algorithms:

abs(x)	- absolute value of x

acos(x)	- arccosine of x (in radians)

asin(x)	- arcsine of x (in radians)

atan(x)	- arctangent of x (in radians)

atan2(x,y)	- arctangent of x/y

+ceil(x)	- rounds x up to nearest integer

cos(x)	- cosine of x (in radians)

cosh(x)	- hyperbolic cosine of x (in radians)

degrees(x)	- conversion of x in radians to degrees

exp(x)	- exponential value of x

floor(x)	- rounds x down to nearest integer

hypot(x,y)	- hypotenuse of right angled sides x and y

ln(x)	- natural logarithm of x

log(x)	- base-10 logarithm of x

mod(x,y)	- remainder after dividing x by y

pow(x,y)	- x raised to the power of y

radians(x)	- conversion of x in degrees to radians

sin(x)	- sine of x (in radians)

sinh(x)	- hyperbolic sine of x (in radians)

sqrt(x)	- square root of x

tan(x)	- tangent of x (in radians)

tanh(x)	- hyberbolic tangent of x (in radians)

example:	theta = pow(sin(radians(x)), 2);


Conditional Execution in SAIL

SAIL provides the capability for conditional execution of code using relational operators, boolean operators and the if...else... statement.

  a)  There are six relational operators:

<	- less than

<=	- less than or equal to

!=	- not equal to

==	- equal to

>=	- greater than or equal to

>	- greater than

  b)  There are three boolean operators:

!   - logical NOT

&   - logical AND

|   - logical OR

With respect to operator precedence, the logical NOT is highest, followed by the arithmetic operators, and then the relational operators discussed above.  The boolean operators are the lowest.

  c)  The structure of the if...else... statement is:

if (<expression>)

else<block>

The expression will be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.  The else component is optional.  The block component can consist of multiple statements enclosed by the brace bracket {}, or a single statement  (brackets then are optional).  The if-block is executed when the expression is TRUE; otherwise, the else-block (if present) is executed.

example:  if(a >=  45)

   b = y/2;

else

      b = 15;


Insert (Edit Menu))
Insert (Edit Menu)

Use this command to insert a row in your data sheet.

To insert a row, highlight the row above which the data will be inserted by clicking on the row number at the side of the data sheet.  Click on the Edit menu and then click on Insert.  The row will move down and a blank row will appear.

Note:  Only one row can be inserted at a time.

To insert a field use the Fields command in the Edit menu.


SAIL Pre-defined Constants

A)	To assist in the programming of an algorithm, SAIL provides six pre-defined constants:

pi	- 3.141592654
undefined	-  reserved value dependent upon data type
	(int:    -32768   long:    -2147483648  float:    -1.0E+38 double:    -1.0E+308)
true	- any non-zero value
false	- zero
delete	- zero (equivalent to false)
keep	- any non-zero value(equivalent to true)

a)  The provision of the Delete and Keep constants is to allow clearer use of the return statement in your code.  For example:

if (pop < 10) return (delete);

if (theta == 180) return (keep);

b)  Similarly, with the False and True constants, you can assign these constants to a variable and then consider that variable to contain a logical value.  For example:

if (switch) a = 100;

if (!option) b = sin(pi);

c)  An algorithm may result in a value of undefined.  On the data sheet, the field cell will appear blank.

B)	SAIL has two built-in pseudo-constants which you may access:

Record:  the number of the record in the data file which is currently being processed

Records:  the total number of records in the data file at the start of the SAIL run

Record will have the value 1 for the first record in the data file, and value will be equal to Records for the last record of the data file.

Note:  that both these pseudo-constants have their values assigned according to the extent of the data file at the commencement of the Algorithm command.  Any records which may be deleted as a result of the current SAIL processing are not reflected in the record counts of the currently active run.  Some sample SAIL statements:

if (record == 10) return (delete);

if (record == records) average = total/records;


Comment Statements in SAIL

Comments may be inserted anywhere in the SAIL code, and must be delimited by the /* and */ characters.

Note:  Comments do not need the ; (semi-colon) character at the end of each line.

  For example:

/*  This is a comment.  */

a=a+b;         /*  Compute a new value.  */


SAIL Reserved Names

The following are function names that can be used when creating a GADS algorithm.  For a description of each, see the Algorithm section of the Reference Manual.

abs	acos
asin	atan
atan2	ceil
cos	cosh
degrees	delete
double	else
exp	false
float	floor
hypot	if
int	keep
ln	local
log	long
mod	pi
pow	radians
record	records
return	sin
sinh	sqrt
tan	tanh
true	undefined


New File Command
New File Command (File Menu)

Use this command to create a new GADS map file or data sheet.

To create a new file,

Click on the File menu and then click on New.  A menu will appear along the side.  Click on Map or Data to highlight it and open the new file dialog box.

or

Click on the  [image] (map) or the [image] (Data sheet) tool.

Keys:  ALT + F,N

Dialog Box Options

Map - 	Creates a new map base to user specified scale.

Data - 	Creates a new data sheet to allow you to enter data from the keyboard.

If you have chosen a new data sheet, scroll down to the Data Sheet Dialog Box section for instruction.

Map Dialog Box

NOTE:  Once you have set the parameters for the bitmap (Dialog Box 1), you cannot change them without creating a new map.  On the other hand, the parameters for drawing the map (projections, latitude and longitude limits) can be changed by using Set Projection.

Dialog Box 1 New Map Document

The first dialog box determines the size of your map window in three different ways, relative to the printer, the screen and pixels. The dialog box comes up with default numbers that define the map window in the 3 ways but all relative to your screen resolution.  If you want your map window to be the size of the screen, or you are unsure, click on the OK button to go to the next Dialog box.

BITMAP Dimensions

This section describes the size your map will be in pixels and tells you how much memory the map will use.

If you want to change the size of your map window from the default and you know the size in pixels, click in the number boxes at the beginning of the number and drag the cursor to highlight the number.  Type in your new number.

If you don't know the size in pixels of your map, adjust the size of the map window using one of the other 2 sections of this dialog box and the change will be reflected in the Bitmap Dimensions section.

Image size at screen resolution

This section is used to display the size and resolution of your map window by screen, window or page.

Note:	a)  If you choose Screen to determine your map size, blockiness may occur when printing due to the low resolution of the screen relative to the printer.

b)  If you choose Page to determine your map size, the resolution is much higher then Screen and will therefore take up more space on your disk and may take longer to create and save.

To select a map window size using this section, click on the button beside one of the options.  A black dot appears beside the selection that is active.  The numbers that appear are derived from the following:

The screen resolution and size is chosen when you setup Windows.

The Window size is the current size of the GADS Window.

The Page size is determined by paper sizes.  The default is 8.5 x 11 paper size, with any margins that were set in the Windows Printers section or the Print Setup Section.

If you would like to change the default of Page, click on the Print Setup.. button in the next section.  Click on the drop down menu for Paper Size and click on your selection.  Click on OK to accept.

Image size at printer resolution

This section shows the size of the map once it is printed on the Default printer.

To change a printer parameter such as printer type, paper orientation or paper size, click on Print Setup.  See Print Setup to describe this dialog box further.  The changes made in the Print Setup will directly affect the size of your printed map.

The current size of the image at printer resolution is most likely less than the paper size.  If you would like to make your map so that it is the size of a full printed page, click on the button beside Page.  A black dot will appear.

The difference between choosing Page in the printer section and choosing Page in the screen section, is the resolution of the screen and printer.  The Printer has a much higher resolution, so the map takes up a smaller area when at screen resolution.  This means that when you save the map, the file will now be larger than if you used screen resolution and it may take longer to create the map.

Another way to print the map so it is the full page is to click on Fit to Page in the Print menu when you are printing.  Note:  This may cause your text to be blocky.  You should print a copy to check which method works best with your printer.

Click on OK to accept the changes and setup your map window.

The next dialog box appears so that you can set the map parameters.

Dialog Box 2  Set Map Projection

Geometry:  Use the geometry section to set the projection of your map.

The dialog box comes up with the default No Projection.  If you clicked on OK now, you would have a bitmap without any geographic information.  This bitmap can be used for drawing shapes and text only.  Clicking on the down arrow of the Geometry selection box will activate a drop-down list.  Choose one of seven projection perspectives by clicking on it.  For a further explanation of Projections see Map Projections.

The extents of each projection are as follows:

North Polar 	20N - 20N 	South Polar	20S - 20S

North Lambert	80N - 10N	South Lambert	10S - 80S

Equirectangular	90N - 90S

Mercator	80N - 80S

No Projection	a bitmap with no geographic information.

Once you have chosen a projection, (except No Projection),  the dialog box will fill with the selection boxes for your latitude and longitude co-ordinates.

a)  Click on the box beside Central, at the beginning of the number.  Drag the cursor over the box so that the number is highlighted.  Enter the coordinate for the central longitude of your map.  The left and right borders will adjust relative to your map window size determined in Dialog Box 1.

b)  Click on the box beside Latitudes of Top, at the beginning of the number.  Drag the cursor over the area so that the number is highlighted and type in the northern extent of your map.

c)  If your projection has selectable true latitudes, click on the box beside True and drag the mouse across the number so it is highlighted.  Type in the True latitude coordinate(s).  If you are unsure start by setting the True equidistant between the Top and Bottom latitudes.

d)  Click on the box beside Bottom at the beginning of the number.  Drag the cursor over the area so that the number is highlighted and type in the southern extent of your map.

e)  Click on OK to set up your base map.  The map window will come up blank.  If you click on OK and nothing happens, check that the true latitudes are between the top and bottom latitude.

Data Dialog Box

There are three sections to the Edit Fields dialog box, Data Set Field, Field Definitions and Field Edit Area.

1.  The Data Set Field section describes the current field as it is in the data set.  When you are creating a new data set, this is empty.

2.  The Field Definitions section displays the fields in the data set as they will appear once you have made changes.  This section allows you to highlight the field you wish to change and reflects the changes to the data set after Apply, Insert or Delete are clicked.

3.  The Field Edit Area is used to change the field name, tag and type.

To add fields to your data set,

a)  Click on the box below Name in the Field Edit Area.  Click and drag the mouse so that the current name is highlighted.  Type in a field name.

b)  Click on the box below Tag in the Field Edit Area or hit the TAB key.  Type in the field tag.  This is further information about your Field.  Note:  This field is optional.

c)  Click on the Type box.  Select a field type from the drop down list by clicking in the box and then clicking on your choice.

The field types are defined as:

Type	Storage Format	Range of Values

int	2-byte signed integer 	-32768 to 32767

long	4-byte signed integer 	-2147483648 to +2147483647

float	4-byte IEEE floating point	+/-1.0E-30 to +/-1.0E+30

double	8-byte IEEE floating point	+/-1.0E-300 to +/-1.0E+300

text	alphanumeric text up to 255 characters long

d)  Click on the Insert button and the field description will appear in the Field Definitions section.

Repeat this procedure for each new field.

e)  Click on OK to accept your selections and your data sheet will be ready to accept data.

To change your data set fields,

a)  Click on the field in the Field Definition Area.  It will highlight.

b)  The Field description is displayed in the Field Edit bar.  Click on the attribute of the field in the Field Edit Area to make the appropriate changes.  Type in the new name or tag or click on the down arrow beside Type to click on the correct type for your field.

c)  Click on Apply to accept your changes.  These will be reflected in the Field Definition box.

d)  Click on OK to accept the changes and create the data sheet, or follow the instructions on adding a field to add to your data sheet.

To delete a field , highlight the field in the Field Definition box and click on Delete.

Click on OK to create a data sheet so you can put data on it.

See

Map Projections


Cut Data
Cut (Edit Menu)

Use this command to cut data from the Data sheet.  You can cut a cell, a block of cells, an entire row or an entire column.  The data will be removed from the cell and placed in the Windows Clipboard.  The cells of the GADS Data sheet will not be deleted but will remain as an empty block of cells.

Note:	- If you are cutting data to place in another application, make sure the number format of your column allows all data to be displayed.  Only the data displayed will be cut.  Hidden numbers after the decimal place will not be cut and pasted to another application.  If cutting and pasting within GADS, all data (hidden and displayed) will be cut and pasted.

- You cannot cut field names or tags.

To cut data from the Data sheet:

a)  Click on the cell or the first cell of the area to be cut.  If you are cutting more then one cell of data, hold down the mouse button while dragging the cursor over the cells to be cut.  Release the mouse button and the cells will be highlighted.

b)  Click on the [image] button on the Command Bar or click on the Edit menu.

c)  Click on Cut or hold down the Ctrl key and type x.  The cells will clear.  The data are stored in the Windows Clipboard and can be pasted into a GADS Data sheet or into another application.

To remove the empty cells, you must remove the entire row or column.

To remove a row, see Delete.

To remove a column, see Fields...

See

Paste


Show Field Tags
Show Field Tags (Options Menu)

Use this command to display the descriptive information associated with each field.  These will only appear if you have defined tags using Field or when you created a new data sheet.

To show the Field Tags, click on the Options menu and then click on Field Tags.  The field descriptions will appear under the field names in your data sheet and a check mark will appear beside Field Tags in the Options menu.

To hide Field Tags, click on the Options menu and then click on Field Tags.  The field descriptions will be hidden and the check mark is removed from beside Field Tags in the Options menu.

See

Changing field descriptions


Latitude
Latitude co-ordinates are parallel lines that specify north/south direction.  The Equator is defined as 0.  The poles are defined as 90.


True Latitude Co-ordinates
True Latitude Coordinates are used to determine the area of least distortion on your map.

When you use a projection to make a map, some areas of the map are distorted.  To ensure your area of interest on the map, has the least amount of distortion set the true latitude co-ordinate(s) to encompass the area.  If you are unsure or if the entire map is your area of interest, set the true(s) equidistant between the top and bottom latitudes.


Centre Longitude
The Centre Longitude is the grid co-ordinate that you expect to appear in the centre of your map window.  The left and right map boundaries are automatically calculated using the centre longitude. and are relative to the map window size you defined in the Bitmap section of your new map.


Algorithm Files
Algorithms files are files that are made up of mathematical equations which manipulate your GADS data.  These algorithm files are created using SAIL.  The algorithm is usually produced in the Algorithm window of GADS.  The file format of these files is ASCII.    An algorithm may be one line, such as latitude = latitude + 1, or many lines making up a complex equation.


BIT MAP
The term BITMAP refers to the graphics that make up an image.  In GADS, a BITMAP is an image that has no map references.  When making a new map, the BITMAP defines the physical parameters of your window or paper, such as screen size or hard copy size.  When saving a map, the Windows Bitmap signifies a file type that is a standard in Windows.


Open File Command
Open File (File Menu)

Use this command to bring an existing compatible file into GADS.

You can have up to nine documents open at once.  To  switch to other open documents use the Window menu.

Keys:  ALT + F,O

To open a file:

a)  Click on the File menu and then click on Open.

or

  Hold down the ALT key, type F.  The file menu will appear.  Type O to activate the Open menu.

or

  Click on the Open tool [image] on the Command Bar.

b) A dialog box appears with the following options.  Choose from each section and then click OK to open your file.

A)  List Files of Type

First select the type of file you want to open.

  If the file type you want is described in the Files Type box, for instance GADS Map, and the extension of your file appears in the File Name, go to section B)  Drive of this help file.

  If you need to change the file type,

a)  Click on the down arrow beside the List of Files Type box.   A list of all available file types appears.

b)  Click on the one you are interested in.  The file type is displayed in the box and the file extensions are listed in the File Name area.

The following are the file types available in GADS.

GADS Map (*.g3m, *.img)

All the GADS map files in the current directory that were saved with the extension g3m or img will be displayed in the File Name area.

GADS Data (*.mfd)

All the GADS data files in the current directory that were saved with the extension mfd will be displayed in the File Name area.

Text Data (*.txt, *.csv)

All the text files in the current directory that were saved with the extension txt or csv will be displayed in the File Name area.

Bitmap (*.bmp)

All Windows bitmap files in the current directory that were saved with the extension bmp will be displayed in the File Name area.

All Files

All files in the current directory whether they are GADS compatible or not, will be displayed in the File Name area.

B)  Drives

Use this section to select the drive in which you have stored the GADS file you want to open.

To choose a drive,

 The drive listed in the box is the currently active drive.  If you want to change this, click on the down arrow beside the box under Drives and highlight or click on a Drive.  The change is reflected in the Drive box.

C)  Directories

Use this command to select the directory in which you have stored the GADS file you want to open.

If the current directory, the directory with the open folder beside it, is not the directory you are interested in, click on the name of the directory you need if it is displayed or click on the drive folder to see a list of directories in that drive.  Use the Scroll bars to move up and down the list.

D)  File Name

Use this section to select the file you want to open.

If the filename appears in the File name section of this dialog, click on the name or type it in the File Name box.  Use the scroll bar if the list of files is longer than the list section.

If the filename does not appear in the File Name section, check your selections as described above.

E)  Read Only

If you would like to open a file for viewing only, click on the box beside Read Only.  A check mark in the box means Read Only is active.

If you open a file Read Only, you cannot save changes to the file unless you save the document using Save As and change the name of the file.

To accept your selections and open a file, click on the OK button.

-----------------------------------------

If you have chosen to open a Text type file, the Delimited Text File Format dialog box appears requesting information about the file so that it can be properly displayed in GADS.

There are five sections to the File Format dialog box.

To open your text format data file,

a)  Click on the Preview button to see the first few fields of your data set displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.  This will help you describe the different attributes of the file.

b)  If the first line of your data set contains the titles of the fields(columns), click on the box beside First Record Contains Field Name.  An x will appear.

c)  In the Field Delimiter section of the dialog box, click on the button beside the selection that describes how the fields are separated.  A black dot will appear beside your choice.

If you choose Custom, you must type in the character that separates the fields.  Click in the box beside Custom and type in the character.

d)  In the Text Qualifier section of the dialog box, click on the button that describes how each block of information is defined.

If you choose Custom, you must type in the character that defines the fields.    Click in the box beside Custom and type in the character.

e) In the Character section, click on the down arrow beside the pull down menu to choose if your data set was created using DOS or Windows. Click on your choice to select it.  If the Preview comes up with funny characters, you may have chosen the wrong character type.

f)  Click on OK to open your data sheet.

See

Save As...


Exit Command (File Menu)

Use this command to close all your open GADS files and quit GADS.  You can also end GADS by double clicking the Application Control Menu button in the top left corner.  If you have any opened documents, you will be prompted to Save them.

Keys:  ALT + F, X


Application Control Button
The Application Control menu button is the button on the top left of the GADS workspace (above the File menu).  When you click this button, it produces a menu that controls the size and position of GADS.  You can also Close or exit GADS using this button.


Close File Command
Close (File Menu)

Use this command to close the active window.  Remember to save your work before closing or you will lose all changes made since the last time you saved.

To close a window,

Click on the File menu and then click on Close.

or

  Click on the close button on the top left of the map or data sheet window (to the left of the File menu).

or

Type the Keys:  ALT + F, C


Save As Command
Save As  (File Menu)

Use this command to save and name the active map, data sheet or algorithm with a specific file type to a specific drive and directory.

Keys:  ALT + F, A

Dialog Options

A)  File Name

Type or select from the list, the filename you want to save in the File Name box.

Note:  A filename can contain up to 8 characters excluding the extension.

B)  File Type

Choose the file type that matches your file from the list of file types (map, data, bit map,or text) by clicking on the down arrow to the right of the File Types box and highlighting your choice.  The following describes the field types:

GADS Map (*.g3m, *.img)

All the GADS map files are saved in the current directory with the extension g3m or img.  These files have bitmap and projection information associated with them and can only be opened by GADS.

GADS Data (*.mfd)

All the GADS data files are saved in the current directory with the extension mfd.  These files can only be opened by GADS.

Text Data (*.txt, *.csv)

All the text files are saved in the current directory with the extension .txt or csv.  These files can be opened by other programs that accept these formats.

Bit map (*.bmp)

All bitmap files are saved in the current directory in Windows bitmap format.  They have the extension bmp.  These files are not saved with any geographical references.  Bit maps are saved as a picture only.  You cannot re-plot or add data to a bit map until you use Set Projection to add map parameters to the bitmap.  These files can be opened by other programs that support these formats.

C)  Drives

Use this section to select the drive in which you want to store the GADS file you will be saving.

To choose a drive,

 The drive listed in the box is the currently active drive.  If you want to change this, click on the down arrow beside the box under Drives and highlight or click on a Drive.  The change is reflected in the Drive box.

D)  Directories

Use this command to select the directory in which you want to store your GADS file.

If the current directory, the directory with the open folder beside it, is not the directory you are interested in, click on the name of the directory you need if it is displayed or click on the drive folder to see a list of directories in that drive.  Use the Scroll bars to move up and down the list.

To accept your selections and save a file, click on the OK button.

If you have chosen a Text type file (txt, csv), the Delimited Text File Format dialog box appears requesting information about the file so that it can be properly displayed in GADS.

There are five sections to the File Format dialog box.

To save your text format data file,

a)  Click on the Preview button to see the first few fields of your data set displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.  This will help you describe the different attributes on the file.

b)  Click on the box beside First Record Contains Field Name, since GADS files contain the field titles in the first row.  An x will appear.

c)  In the Field Delimiter section of the dialog box, click on the button beside the selection that describes how you want the fields to be separated.  A black dot will appear beside your choice.

If you choose Custom, you must type in the character that separates the fields.  Type this in the box beside Custom.

d)  In the Text Qualifier section of the dialog box, click on the button that describes how you want each block of information to be defined.

If you choose Custom, you must type in the character that defines the fields.  Type this in the box beside Custom.

e) In the Character section, click on the down arrow beside the pull down menu and click on Windows (ANSI).

f)  Click on OK to save your data.


Print File Command
Print (File Menu)

Use this command to set the image size, page margins and headers and then print your maps.  To print a map, it must be active (the map with the highlighted title bar).

Note:  To specify a printer, its connection, page orientation and paper type, paper size and source, activate Print Setup in the File menu before using the Print dialog box.

Keys:  ALT + F, P

Dialog Box Options

Image Size

You can print your map to be any size you would like.

  1.  On-screen size is the size of the image as you see it displayed on your monitor.

  2.  Fit to page prints the map the full size of the paper.  The size is determined by the Print Setup parameters and takes into account the paper orientation, size and any margins that are set.

  3.  Scale allows you to set the size of the printed map to be any factor of the original map on your screen.

The size of the printed map is displayed at the bottom of the Image Size section in inches.

To select an Image Size, click on the button beside your choice.  A back dot means the selection is active.

Page Margins

Use this section to allow white space around your printed map.  If you want to maximize the amount of printable space on the paper, set the margins to 0.  The margins do not have to be the same spacing.

To set the margins, click in the box of the margin you would like to change.  Drag the mouse so that the number in the box is highlighted.  Type in the space in inches that you would like to leave on each side of the map.

The Printable area is displayed in inches at the bottom of the Page Margins section.  If this is smaller than the Image Size, the whole map will not be printed.  If it is larger than the Image Size, the map will not fill the whole printable area.

Pages

The Pages section shows you how many pages it will take to print your map, using the image size and page margins that you have chosen.

Center

Use Center if you would like the map to be centered on the paper.  It can be centered Vertically or Horizontally by clicking on the square beside your choice.  An x means the selection is active.

Header/Footer

Use this section to add a title or a page number to your map or to type in more information about your map.

To add a Header or Footer, click on the box beside either Header or Footer.  Type in your information.

Printer

The printer section displays the printer that is currently selected and its resolution.  To change the printer, click on the Setup... button and the Print Setup menu appears.

Copies

To set the number of copies, click in the box beside Copies.  Drag the mouse so that the number in the box is highlighted.  Type in the number of copies of the map that will be printed.

To accept all your selections and to print the active map, click on OK.


Print Setup (File Menu)

Use this command to select a printer, the printer connection, the paper orientation and the paper size and source.

To set up your printer:

a)  Click on the File menu.

b)  Click on Print Setup.  A dialog box appears.

Dialog Box Options

Printer

Select the printer you want to use from the Specific Printer drop down list by clicking on the down arrow beside the box or by clicking on the button beside Default Printer.  A black dot appears in the button beside the selection.

Note:  If your printer does not appear in the drop down list, you may have to install your printer.  Check your Windows User Guide.

Orientation

Select the orientation of the printed page by clicking on your choice.  A black dot appears in the button that is active.

Paper

Select the paper size you will be using by clicking on the pull down menu and highlighting your choice.  Click on the pull down menu to choose the paper source, as specified by your printer.

Options

Select the Options button to determine print destination; margins and scaling.

See your Windows documentation and printer documentation for further details about advanced options and headers.


View Menu

Use this command to display your map in different magnifications. This is similar to a zoom feature.

To Magnify an area of your map:

A)  Click on the View menu and then Click on one of the viewing options described below. Keys:  ALT + V

If necessary scroll bars will appear to allow you to move around the active window.

Dialog Box Options

Normal - 1:1 	Keys:  Ctrl + 1

1/4x : 1x - Zoom out	Keys:  Ctrl + 0

1x : 2x - Zoom in	Keys:  Ctrl + 2

1x : 4x - Zoom in	Keys:  Ctrl + 4

1x : 8x - Zoom in	Keys:  Ctrl + 8

Fit to Window - Zoom so that map is displayed in its entirety. 	Keys:  Alt+ F

or

B)  Click on the magnifying glass tool on the Command Bar [image].

A magnifying glass tool appears.  Click in the map window.  The screen separates into a magnified section and a scroll bar section.  Use the scroll bars to move around the map.  Click on the magnified section to increase the magnification.  The ratio appears in the bottom left corner of your map window.

Once you are at the highest or lowest magnification, click the other mouse button (right button, for most people) to change magnification.

or

C)  Click on the Tools menu and then on Other.  Click on Zoom so that it is highlighted.  If it is active, a black dot will appear in front of it.

When you select one of the ratio View options other than Normal,  the screen will  split into the magnified map and a window indicating the location of the magnified area in the current view.

To move around the map and zoom in or out while using the View command,

Using the [image] tool, click in the box with the scroll bars to move around the map.

Using the [image] tool, click in the other section and you will increase magnification.

You can continue clicking the mouse button to go down to I: 8.

To go from a magnification back to 1: 1 or to 1/4: 1, click the other mouse button (for most, this will be the right button).

See

Magnifying Glass Tool (Zoom)


Manipulate Mask

Mask Command (Tools Menu)

Use this menu to manipulate a mask.  Masking is used when you want to draw a feature, contour or shape on your map that will show through when another feature, contour or shape is drawn on top of it.  Example:  use Paint to Mask when you want to plot the coastlines first but still have them show through a filled circle.

Menu Options

  Paint to Mask

  Turn On/Off Mask

  Show Mask

Add to Mask

Remove from Mask

Invert Mask

Clear Mask

See

Plotting Geography

Creating a Map


Paint to Mask
Paint to Mask (Tools Menu)

Use this command to draw a feature, shape or contour that will show through when another feature or shape is drawn on top of it.  Example:  use Paint to Mask when you want to plot the coastlines first and have them show through a filled circle that you put on the map later.

Note:  Select Paint to Mask before plotting Geography.

To use Paint to Mask:

a)  Click on Mask in the Tools menu.  Highlight Paint to Mask by dragging the mouse over it.  A check mark indicates Paint to Mask is active.

or

  Click on the Paint to Mask Tool [image] on the Command Bar.

b)  Using the Plot menu or a Paint tool, draw the feature, contour or shape that is of interest.

c)  Deactivate Paint to Mask by going in to the Mask menu in Tools and highlighting Paint to Mask.

or

  Clicking on the Paint to Mask tool [image] on the Command Bar.

See

Plotting Geography

Drawing Circles, and Squares

Drawing a Polygon

Drawing Straight Lines


Display Rulers
Rulers (Options Menu)

Use this command to display rulers along the top and left axes of the active map.  The rulers can be used as a guide for placement.

Note:  Rulers are not shown in the Fit to Window View.

Dialog Box Options

Off

No rulers are displayed.

Centimeters

Displays rulers in centimeters with millimeter sub-markings.

Inches

Displays rulers in inches.

Pixels

Displays rulers in pixels.

To use Rulers:

  Click on the Options menu and then on Rulers.  A menu will appear beside Rulers.  Highlight your selection by clicking on it.  This will activate the rulers in the format you chose.  A black dot means the selection is active.


Show/Hide Status Bar
Status Bar (Options Menu)

Use this command to display information about your active window.  The Status Bar monitors the x,y position of the cursor, the lat/lon position of the cursor and the status of Num Lock, Cap Lock and Scroll Lock.

Keys:  Alt + O, S

To display the status bar at the bottom of the application window click on the Options Menu and then click on Status Bar.  A check mark will appear.

To hide the Status Bar, click on Status Bar in the Options menu and the check mark will go away.  The Status Bar disappears from the bottom of the window.

The default setting is to have the Status Bar showing.


Plot Geography
Geography (Plot Menu)

Use this command to plot geographic features (Coast, Rivers, Borders) on your map base created in New Map or when updating a map.  You can plot all or some of the features and in varying amounts of detail.  All levels will not always be available.  GADS determines which type of feature is present in your map area.  The features will be plotted on the currently selected line colour.

Note :  Activate Paint to Mask before plotting geography.

To plot geography on a map, click on the Plot menu and then click on Geography.  A menu will appear so that you can choose what you want to plot.  To make these choices follow the instructions below and then click on the OK button.

Plot CIA WDB-II Geography

A)  Line Style and Line Colour

If you have not previously done so, select a Line Style and Line Colour to plot the geographic features.  You cannot select a patterned line when plotting geography.

To select a line style, click on the down arrow beside the line style and click on a selection to choose from the drop down list.

To select a colour, click on the down arrow beside the colour box and click on a colour to make it the colour your geographic features will be plotted in.  To create a new colour see Colour Source.

B)  Database

Open the World Data Base (.wdb) file to plot features on your map.

To select the  WDB II click on the Open button and then click on fullres.wdb from the Database menu and click on OK.  Fullres.wdb is installed when you install GADS and should be in the GADS directory.

If you are unsure of how to use this menu see Opening a File.

C)  Features

Coasts

This GADS option specifies the coastline boundaries to be plotted.   You may select and plot the six coastal classifications listed below individually, in groups, or all together by clicking the box to the left of each option.  This option is enabled when an x is present.

Note:  a) Before plotting the geographic features, make sure you have set Paint to Mask.

b) In some cases a major river is defined as a coastline (example:  St. Lawrence River, Canada)

Six  Classifications

Major	permanent major coasts, islands, and lakes

Additional	slightly smaller coasts, islands and lakes

Intermediate	intermediate  islands and lakes

Minor	minor islands and lakes

Intermittent	major and minor lakes which may at some time of the year dry up.

Miscellaneous	reefs, major and minor salt pans, major and minor ice shelves, and glaciers

Rivers

This GADS option specifies the rivers to be plotted.  You may select and plot the six river classifications listed below individually, in groups, or all together by clicking the box to the left of each option.  This option is enabled when an x is present.

Note:	a) Before plotting the geographic features, make sure you have set Paint to Mask.

b) In some cases a major river is defined as a coastline

Six Classifications

Major	permanent major rivers

Additional	additional major rivers

Intermediate	additional rivers

Minor	minor rivers

Intermittent	intermittent major and minor rivers

Canals	major, minor, and irrigation-type canals

Borders

This GADS option plots the borders of countries and the provincial and state borders within countries.  These borders are based on data from the World Data Base of 1977.  Some borders may have changed since this time.  Coastal borders are defined by coast lines plotted using plot coasts.

You may select and plot two border classifications listed below, individually, or together by clicking the box to the left of each option.  This option is enabled when an x is present.

Note:	 Before plotting the geographic features, make sure you have set Paint to Mask and Mask.

Two Classifications

International	international political borders as defined by the CIA World Data Bank II

Regional	provincial/state political borders as defined by the CIA World Data Bank II

D)  When you have chosen the features you want to plot, click on the Plot button.  The Plot menu will pop up when all the information has been plotted on the map.  At this point, you can change the line style, colour and plotting features and click Plot to add more to your map or click the Close button to complete your plotting.

E)  Save your map using Save As.


Num Lock

The Num Lock key is used with both the Map and Data Sheet to enter numbers using the extended keypad.  When Num Lock is active, it is highlighted on the Status Bar.

To activate Num Lock,

press the Num Lock key on your keyboard or double click on NUM on the Status Bar.  If Num Lock is highlighted on the Status Bar then Num Lock is already active.

To deactivate Num Lock,

press the Num Lock key on your keyboard or double click on NUM on the Status Bar so that Num Lock appears greyed out.


Plot a Line File
Line File (Plot Menu)

Use this command to plot a line on your active map from a previously created file.  The file must consist of latitude and longitude coordinates in decimal degrees and should have the extension llp, txt or csv.  The fields of the file must be separated by space, tab or comma and each record must have a carriage return and line feed.

If more than one line to be drawn is in the file, then add the field, PEN, to your latitude and longitude file.  The pen field should have 0 or 1 in it at each coordinate, to reflect pen up or pen down at the beginning and end of each line segment.

Line files (llp) are in standard ASCII format.  They can be created by a text editor or by other programs that save standard ASCII format.

 To plot a Line File,

a)  Select a line colour and line style.

b)  Click on the Plot menu and then click on Line File.  An open file menu will appear.  Choose the file name using the following selections and then click on OK to start the plotting of your line file.

Dialog Box Options

File Name

Type or select the filename you want to open.  The Open Box lists files with the file extension of the file type that you select in the List Files of Type box.

List Files of Type

Select the type of file you want to open.

Lat/Lon/Pen Files (*.llp)

Lists all the files in the current directory that were saved with the extension llp.

Text Data (*.txt, *.csv)

Lists all the ASCII files in the current directory that were saved with the extension txt or csv.

All Files

Lists all files in the current directory.

Drives

Select the drive in which you have stored the file you want to open.

Directories

Select the directory in which you have stored the file you want to open.

c)  Click on OK to plot the line.


Plot a Text File
Text File (Plot Menu)

Use this command to plot text from a file, on to your active map.  The text will be placed beside a dot representing the latitude/longitude co-ordinate.

A text file must consist of records of latitude and longitude coordinates in decimal degrees, and an alphanumeric string.  The file should also have the extension llt, txt or csv.  The fields of the file must be separated by space, tab or comma, and each record must have a carriage return and line feed.

The alphanumeric data are displayed to the upper right of a single dot.  The dot indicates the latitude and longitude position as specified in the file.

Text files (llt) are in standard ASCII format.  They can be created by  GADS, by a text editor or by programs that save standard ASCII format.

To plot a Text File,

a)  Select a text colour and font.

b)  Click on the Plot menu and then click on Text File.  An open file menu will appear.  Choose the file name using the following selections and then click on OK to start the plotting of your text file.

Dialog Box Options

File Name

Type or select the filename you want to open.  The Open Box lists files with the file extension of the file type that you select in the List Files of Type box.

List Files of Type

Select the type of file you want to open.

Lat/Lon/Text files (*.llt)

Lists all the files in the current directory that were saved with the extension llt.

Text Data files (*.txt, *.csv)

Lists all the text files in the current directory that were saved with the extension tab or csv.

All Files

Lists all files in the current directory.

Drives

Select the drive in which you have stored the file you want to open.

Directories

Select the directory in which you have stored the file you want to open.

c)  Click on OK to plot place markers with text beside them.


Delete (Edit Menu)

Use this command to remove data from selected rows on the active data sheet  When you delete a row, the rows below are moved up automatically.

To Delete:

a)  Click on the number at the beginning of the row so that it is highlighted.

b)  Click on the Edit menu.

c)  Click on Delete .  That row disappears and the following rows of the data set will move up.


Displaying Latitude and Longitude Coordinates
Displaying Latitude and Longitude Co-ordinates (Format Menu)

Use this command to choose the way you display latitude and longitude co-ordinates in the data set.  The co-ordinates may be displayed in formats, as degrees, minutes, seconds or decimal degrees.

Use this command also to choose the precision of the numeric display.  It can be 8 places, 2 places, 4 places or 6 places after decimal.

You can also choose if you would like the hemisphere displayed as the first character or last and if you would like west to be negative or positive.

To change the format of your lat/lon display,

a)  Highlight the latitude and/or longitude field of your data sheet.

b)  Click on the Format menu and click on Lat/Lon....

A dialog box appears.  Make your selections by clicking  on the button beside your choice.  A black dot means the selection is active.

If you would like to use these settings as the default, click on the box beside Default and an x appears.

c)  Click on OK.

Keys:  Alt+, T L


New Window Command
New Window (Window Menu)

Use this command to open a new window with the same contents as the active window.  A copy of the window is opened.  This allows you to display different parts or views of a document at the same time.  If you change the contents in one window, all other windows of the same name reflect those changes.  When you open a new window, it becomes the active window.

To activate a new window, click on the Window menu and then click on New.


Cascade Windows
Cascade Command (Window Menu)

Use this command to reduce all open files to equal-sized rectangles and arrange in a diagonal, descending, off-set manner.  This allows all document names and a portion of all windows to be visible at one time.  The active window will be on top and completely visible.

To cascade all the documents you have open, click on the Window menu and then click on Cascade.  The documents will be arranged.  The active window is on the top.

Keys:  Alt+W, Shift + F5


Tile Command (Window menu)

Use this command to reduce and proportion all open files to completely fill the screen.  The windows are arranged so that all document names and a portion of all windows and scroll bars are visible at one time.

To tile all the documents you have open, click on the Window menu and then click on Tile.  The documents will be arranged.  The active window is at the top left of the screen.

Keys: Alt + W, Shift + F4


Arrange Icons
Arrange Icons (Window menu)

Use this command to organize the minimized file icons within GADS. This command will allow you to view files that may have been hidden.

To arrange the icons, click on the Window menu and then click on Arrange Icons.  Your icons will automatically be arranged.


Window 1...9 Command (Window Menu)
Window 1...9 (Window Menu)

At the bottom of the Window menu, GADS displays a listing of currently open windows.  When you choose a document from this list, that document becomes the active window and is displayed on top of your other documents.  The menus will change to reflect the type of file (map or data) you have chosen.

To use the Window command, click on the Window menu.  The bottom section of the Window menu will have a listing of your open windows.  Click on the title of the map or data sheet in which you are interested.  A black dot will appear in front of your choice and the document will come to the foreground of your work space.

If you do not see the file you are looking for and you have more than 9 files open, click on More... in the List Section of Window, and continue to search through the list.


Help Contents
Help Contents (Help Menu)

Use this command to display the opening screen of Help.  From the opening screen you can jump to the step-by-step listings or the reference information for using GADS.

Keys:  Alt+H, C


projection
The transformation of the properties of the earth's spherical surface to a flat map.  These transformations are accomplished by mathematical equations which stretch and shrink sections of the earth so that actual distance, direction and area are retained.


geographical references
Geographic references are information such as latitude and longitude, which are used to plot and contour a map.


page orientation
Page orientation refers to your document being printed in portrait mode (vertical on the page) or landscape mode (horizontal on the page),


Longitude
Longitude co-ordinates are made up of numbers in degrees which define concentric circles that go around the world.  Longitude co-ordinates specify east/west direction and go north/south.


Latitude and Longitude Co-ordinates
A system used to locate yourself on the earth by an ordered set of gridded data values. These values specify a location by degree, minutes, seconds or decimal degrees, and have an east/west reference.


World Data Base
The GADS WDB II is the GADS-format of the World Data Base II which was released to the public domain by the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency via the National Technical Information Service of the Department of Commerce, in 1977.  The GADS WDB-II is very large, with a total of six million data points.  With a geographic data bank of this magnitude, there may be some errors.

A typical problem resulting from these errors would be the incomplete enclosure of a minor lake or island when drawn on the map.  This may occur when the map boundaries encompass a very small region.  This results in a minor lake or island 'leaking' over the map image when the Fill tool is used for an area fill operation.

To correct this problem on the current image, click on the VIEW menu and then on 1x : 8x to enlarge the view to pixel size, and then enclose the feature by filling in the missing pixels using the Pen tool.  This technique will correct the appearance of the current image, but will not alter the contents of the GADS WDB II file.

There should only be minor problems, and the reporting of such errors to Ph.D. Associates Inc. is welcomed and encouraged.  As the need arises, Ph.D. Associates Inc. will update the GADS World Data Base, and new versions will be released.

See

Plot Geography...

Map Creation


Save File Command
Save (File Menu)

Use this command and tool to save your active map or data sheet with its current name and in the current drive and directory.

To save a file,

a)  Click on the File menu.

b)  Click on Save.

 or

a) Click on the Save tool [image].


Creating and Running an Algorithm
Creating and Running an Algorithm (Data Menu)

The algorithm section of GADS is used to run one line or multi-line mathematical equations on your data set.  To use an algorithm you must have a data sheet open.

To work with an algorithm:

1.  Click on the data sheet to be used with the algorithm or click on the filename in the Window menu.  This will activate it.

2.  Click on the Data menu.  Click on Algorithm. The Algorithm box will appear.

Note:  There may be the last saved algorithm in the text area of the Algorithm Box.  Click on the New button to clear the text area and create another algorithm.

If you are creating a new algorithm:

a)  Click inside the edit box of the algorithm dialog and start typing your algorithm.  For information on the SAIL algorithm language, see Algorithmic Processing of GADS.

Note:  The "Fields" drop down dialog box at the bottom of the Algorithm box will help to remind you of the field names in your active data set.  Click on the arrow to see all the fields in your data set.

b)  Click on Save As to save your algorithm.  The standard save dialog box will appear but with the SAIL algorithm file type as the only file type available.

c)  To use your algorithm, click on Run.  GADS will tell you if you have made any mistakes with SAIL and will move the cursor to the position of the error.  If there are no errors, GADS will do the calculations.  These are reflected in the active data set.

Sometimes GADS will display warnings regarding SAIL.  These will not stop the algorithm from running.

To suppress the warnings, click on the box beside Suppress warnings.

d)  If you have updated your algorithm, save the working version by clicking on the Save button.

When you are finished with the algorithm section of GADS, click on the Close button to return to the data sheet.

If you are opening a previously created algorithm:

a)  Click on Open.  The Open SAIL Algorithm dialog box appears.  This is similar to the standard open dialog box but will only allow you to open SAIL files or text files.  Choose the algorithm you want to run.

b)  Type any changes that are necessary in the text editing area.

c)  Click on the Save button to save the algorithm to the file with the same name.

d) To use your algorithm, click on Run.  GADS will tell you if you have made any mistakes with SAIL and will move the cursor to the position of the error.  If there are no errors, GADS will do the calculations.  These are reflected in the active data set.

Sometimes GADS will display warnings regarding SAIL.  These will not stop the algorithm from running.

To suppress the warnings, click on the box beside Suppress warnings.

e)  If you have updated your algorithm, save the working version by clicking on the Save button.

When you are finished with the algorithm section of GADS, click on the Close button to return to the data sheet.


New Map
New Map (File Menu)

To create a new map,

Click on the File menu and then click on New.  A menu will appear along the side.  Click on Map to highlight it and open the new file dialog box.

or

Click on the new map tool.  This is the first tool on the Command Bar.

Keys:  ALT + F, N, M

Map Dialog Box

NOTE:  Once the Map Dialog Box parameters have been set (OK'd), the bitmap parameters cannot be changed without creating a new map.  The parameters for drawing the map can be changed by creating a new map or by using Set Projection.

Dialog Box 1  New Map Document

The first dialog box displays the size of your map window in three different ways, relative to the printer, the screen and pixels. This dialog box comes up with default numbers that define the map window in the 3 ways.  These are all relative to your screen resolution.  If you want your map window to be the size of the screen, or you are unsure, click on the OK button to go to the next Dialog box.

BITMAP Dimensions

This section describes the size your map will be in pixels and tells you how much memory the map will use.

If you want to change the size of your map window from the default and you know the size in pixels, click in the number boxes and highlight the number.  Type in your new number.

If you don't know the size in pixels of your map, adjust the size of the map window using one of the other 2 sections of this dialog box and the change will be reflected in the Bitmap Dimensions section.

Image size at screen resolution

This section is used to display the size and resolution of your map window by screen, window or page.

Note:	a)  If you choose Screen to determine your map size, blockiness may occur when printing due to the low resolution of the screen relative to the printer.

b)  If you choose Page to determine your map size, the resolution is much higher then Screen and will therefore take up more space on your disk and may take longer to create and save.

To select a map window size using this section, click on the button beside one of the options.  A black dot appears beside the selection that is active.  The numbers that appear are derived from the following:

The screen resolution and size is chosen when you setup Windows.

The Window size is the current size of the GADS Window.

The Page size is determined by paper sizes.  The default is 8.5 x 11 paper size, with any margins that were set in the Windows Printers section or the Print Setup Section.

If you would like to change the default of Page, click on the Print Setup. button in the next section.  Click on the drop down menu for Paper Size and click on your selection.  Click on OK to accept.

Image size at printer resolution

This section shows the size of the map once it is printed on the Default printer.

If you want change a printer parameter, click on Print Setup.  See Print Setup to describe this dialog box further.

If you have setup your map size so that the map is the full screen, then the printer section will show a size in inches that is smaller than a printer page.  To make the map the size of the printer paper, click on the button beside Page.  A black dot will appear.

The difference between choosing Page in the printer section and choosing Page in the screen section, is the resolution of the screen and printer.  The Printer has a much higher resolution, so the map takes up a smaller area when at screen resolution.

Click on OK to accept the changes and setup your map window.

The next dialog box appears so that you can set the map parameters.

Dialog 2  Set Map Projection

Geometry:  Use the geometry section to set the projection of your map.

The dialog box comes up with the default No Projection.  If you clicked on OK now, you would have a bitmap without any geographic information.  This bitmap can be used for drawing shapes and text only.  Clicking on the arrow of the Projection selection box will activate a drop-down list.  Choose one of seven projection perspectives by clicking on it.  For a further explanation of Projections see Map Projections.

The extents of each projection are as follows:

North Polar 	90N - 20N 	South Polar	20S - 90S

North Lambert	80N - 10N	South Lambert	10S - 80S

Equirectangular	90N - 90S

Mercator	80N - 80S

No Projection	a bitmap with no geographic information.

Once you have chosen a projection, (except No Projection),  the dialog box will fill with the selection boxes for your latitude and longitude co-ordinates.

a)  Click on the box beside Central Meridian.  Click and drag the cursor over the box so that the number is highlighted.  Enter the coordinate for the central longitude of your map.  The left and right borders will adjust relative to your map window size determined in Dialog Box 1.

b)  In the Latitudes of reference section, click on the box beside Top.  Click and drag the cursor over the area so that the number is highlighted and type in the northern extent of your map.

c)  If your projection has selectable true latitudes, click on the box beside True and drag the mouse across the number so it is highlighted.  Type in the True latitude coordinate(s).  If you are unsure start by setting the True equidistant between the Top and Bottom latitudes.

d)  Click on the box beside Bottom.  Drag the cursor over the area so that the number is highlighted and type in the southern extent of your map.

e)  Click on OK to set up your base map.  The map will come up blank.  Use Plot Contours to draw the geography on your map.

See

Map Projections


Entering Data

There are two ways to Enter data into GADS.  You can open a previously created file or enter data into GADS using the keyboard.

For help on Opening a previously created file click here.

To Enter data from the keyboard, you must first create a data sheet to put your data on.

To create a data sheet:

Click on the File menu.  Click on New and highlight Data by clicking on it.

or

Click on the New Data Sheet [image] .  It is the second button from the left on the Command Bar.

When you choose a new data sheet, the Edit Fields dialog box appears.  It has two fields already set for you.  These are Latitude and Longitude.

There are three sections to the Edit Fields dialog box, Data Set Field, Field Definitions and Field Edit Area.

1.  The Data Set Field section describes the current field as it is in the data set.  When you are creating a new data set, this is empty.

2.  The Field Definitions section displays the fields in the data set as it will appear once your have made changes.  This section allows you to highlight the field you wish to change and reflects the changes to the data set after Apply, Insert or Delete are clicked.

3.  The Field Edit Area is used to change the field name, tag and type.

To add fields to your data set,

a)  Click on the box below Name in the Field Edit Area.  Click and drag the mouse so that the current name is highlighted.  Type in a field name.

b)  Click on the box below Tag in the Field Edit Area or hit the TAB key.  Type in the field tag.  This is further information about your Field.  Note:  This field is optional.

c)  Click on the Type box.  Select a field type from the drop down list by clicking in the box and then clicking on your choice.

The field types are defined as:

Type	Storage Format	Range of Values

int	2-byte signed integer 	-32768 to 32767

long	4-byte signed integer 	-2147483648 to +2147483647

float	4-byte IEEE floating point	+/- 1.0E-30   to +/- 1.0E+30

double	8-byte IEEE floating point	+/- 1.0E-300  to +/- 1.0E+300

text	alphanumeric text up to 255 characters long

d)  Click on the Insert button and the field description will appear in the Field Definitions section.

Repeat this procedure for each new field.

e)  Click on OK to accept your selections and your data sheet will be ready to accept data.

To change your data set fields,

a)  Click on the field in the Field Definition Area.  It will highlight.

b)  The Field description is displayed in the Field Edit bar.  Click on the attribute of the field in the Field Edit Area to make the appropriate changes.  Type in the new name or tag or click on the down arrow beside Type to click on the correct type for your field.

c)  Click on Apply to accept your changes.  These will be reflected in the Field Definition box.

d)  Click on OK to accept the changes and create the data sheet, or follow the instructions on adding a field to add to your data sheet.

To delete a field , highlight the field in the Field Definition box and click on Delete.

Click on OK to create a data sheet so you can put data on it.

To Enter data:

Once your data sheet is created, the field names and one blank column come up.

a)  Click on the first empty cell under Latitude and type in the latitude.  The number is displayed in the cell and in the Edit bar directly above the data sheet.

b)  Hit the Enter key or click on the check mark beside the Edit bar to accept the data.  Another cell will appear below the first row.

c)  Click the mouse in the next column to enter and click on the Edit bar or in the cell to type the data.

Continue until you have all the data entered in the data sheet.  Save your data as a file.

To change a number, click on the cell.  Go to the Edit bar and drag the cursor over the number to highlight it.  Type in the new number.  Click on the check mark or hit enter to accept the change.

To delete the number, click on the cell.  The number will appear in the Edit bar.  Click on the Edit bar.  Click and drag the cursor over the number so it is highlighted and hit the backspace key on the keyboard.  Click on the check mark.

To delete a row, click on the row number at the beginning of the row and click on Delete in the Edit menu.  The rows will automatically move up.

To insert a row, highlight the row above which the data will be inserted by clicking on the row number at the side of the data sheet.  Choose insert from the Edit menu.  The row will move down and a blank row will appear.


Merge (Data Menu)

Use this command to combine the fields of two data sets or to place your data on a standard grid.  Merging places the fields from one data file on the closest corresponding latitude and longitude coordinate of the other file.  If the field exists in both data files, the data in the field are averaged, otherwise the field is added to the data set.

Both data sets must be open and cover relatively the same area.

To merge data files:

a)  Click on the file that has the latitude and longitude coordinates on which you want to put data.  This will make it the active file.

b)  Select Merge from the Data menu by clicking on Data and clicking on Merge.

c)  When the Merge menu appears there will be the name of all the open files other then the active file(chosen in a)).  Click on the file to be merged, so that it is highlighted in the Data to be Merged box.

d)  Click on the Field names that you want to merge, in the Fields to be Merged box.  You can highlight as many as you want.

e)  Type in the Merge Radius.  This is a radius around each coordinate.  If there are data within this radius, the data value will be averaged and placed in the data sheet beside the coordinate.  The radius must be large enough to encompass at least one point from "the fields to be merged" data file.

  As rule of thumb, use the average distance between the lat/lon coordinates from the file in a), as the radius until you are more familiar with the data.

f)  Click on Linear, Gaussian or Shepard weighting method from the list at the bottom of the menu.

The weighting method determines how the data at each coordinate are averaged.  There may be more then one data point that will be averaged to each latitude/longitude coordinate.

  In a Linear weighting, the data value closest to the lat/lon coordinate has the most influence on the result of the averaging.  The data value furthest away has the least.

  In Gaussian weighting, the data value closest to the lat/lon coordinate has the most influence on the result of the averaging.  The data value furthest away has the least.  As the data values get further away from the coordinate, their influence decreases exponentially.

 In the Shepard weighting method, the data values within the first 1/3 of the merge radius have the most influence on the result of the averaging.

g)  Click on OK and the fields will be merged to the lat/lon coordinates of the original file.  Save the new file.  Contour data to check that all points have been properly merged.  If some coordinates are missing data values, try increasing the Merge Radius.


Colour

There are two associations of colour that are used on your map.  Colours are associated with tools (line, text and fill) and colours are associated with the active map window (geographic features, contours).  These colours can be used together to produce a map.  Choose from one of the topics below for help on a specific aspect of colour.

Select a Line Colour

Select a Fill Colour

Select a Text Colour

Creating Contour Colours

Colour Palette

Creating a Colour (Colour Source)


Connected Line
Connected Line (Tools Menu)

Use the Connected Line tool to draw more than one line connected to the other.

To draw a Connected Line:

1.  Choose a colour for your line from the second pull down menu on the Colour Bar.  To create a new colour see Colour Source.

2.  Select the line style.

3.  Select the [image] tool from the side tool bar

or

  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Paint tools.  Highlight Connected Line.

4.  Place the cursor on the map and click the mouse button.

5.  Move the cursor to the beginning of the next line and click the mouse button.

6.  Repeat Step 6 until you have completed your line.

7.  Double click the mouse button.

To restrict cursor movement to one direction when drawing a connected line, start the connected line and then hold down the Shift key.  The movement of the cursor and therefore the direction of your line will be restricted to vertical or horizontal.  The restricted direction is a reflection of the last direction you moved the cursor.

See

Line Styles Available in GADS

Colour


Grid/Radius Tool
Grid/Radius (Tools Menu)

Use this command in conjunction with Plot Contours to determine the grid and radius size of your filled and line contours.

1.  Open Plot Contours by clicking on Plot and clicking on Contours.

2.  Click on the Tools menu and on Other tools.

3.  Select Grid-Radius from the pop down menu.  This activates the grid/radius tool found on the tool bar

 or

Click on the [image] tool on the top row of tools.

4.  Hold down the primary (left, if you use the mouse with your right hand) mouse button and move the mouse to adjust the grid size.  Release the mouse button when you have the size you want.

  Hold down the secondary (right, if you use the mouse with your right hand) mouse button and move the mouse to adjust the radius of influence.  Release the mouse button when you have the size you want.

The results of using this tool are reflected in the Grid card of the Plot Contours menu.

To clear the grid size so you can start again, double click on the left mouse button.

To clear the radius so you can start again, double click on the right mouse button.


Scroll
Use scrolling to move around the map window when the map is wider or longer then the current window size.  Scroll bars appear along the right and across the bottom of the map window.

To move around the map,

Click on the scroll boxes and move them up and down or left and right within the scroll bars.  The position of the scroll boxes indicate your approximate position on the map.


Flood Fill Tool
Flood Fill (Tools Menu)

Use the Flood Fill tool to fill enclosed areas with a specified fill pattern and colour.  The fill can be solid or predetermined pattern.

The Flood Fill only fills areas that are completely enclosed by an outline, whether that is a coast, lake, river, border or a shape created using the Paint tools.

To use the Flood Fill:

a)  Choose a fill colour from the last colour box across the top by clicking on the down arrow and then clicking on the colour.  If the colour you are interested in isn't there, see Colour Source for help with further options.

b)  Choose a fill pattern from the second last box across the top.

c)  Click on the Flood Fill tool [image] from the tool bar along the side.  The cursor becomes a paint can.

or

Click on the Tools menu and then click on Paint tool.  Click on Flood Fill.  A paint can appears.

d)  Place the end of the paint spill in the area to be filled and click the mouse button.

e)  To fill that area with a different colour, choose another colour and repeat d).

f)  When you are finished with the Flood Fill tool deactivate it by clicking on the None tool or by clicking on Tools menu and then clicking on Other Tool and clicking on None.

See

Creating a Map


Set Projection (Plot)
Set Projection (Plot Menu)

Use this command to determine or change the projection and the top and bottom limits of your currently active map.  Changing the limits of a map is useful when comparing data of different areas but similar scale.  For example:  Contouring the outline of the Southern Ozone hole on a map displaying Northern Ozone data.

If you are creating a new map, use the help instructions under the topic New Map to explain setting the projection and map limits.

Note: BE CAREFUL!  You can change the parameters of the map so that they are a completely different area of the world.

a)  Select Set Projection from the Plot menu by clicking on Plot and then on Set Projection..

b)  A dialog box appears displaying the projection settings of the currently active map.  Click on the Geometry box or the arrow beside the box to select a projection, by clicking on it.

c)  Change any or all of the central meridian, and latitudes of reference by typing your new numbers in the corresponding boxes.

The same conditions and restrictions apply as they did when you created your initial map.

  See Map Projections for an explanation of different types of geometry (projections).

d)  Click on the OK button to complete the change.  Your active map now has your new geometry and references.  These are reflected in contouring and in the lat/lon display on the status bar.


How to Put Text on Your Map

To choose a colour and font:

a)  Choose the colour that you will be using for the text from the pull down menu situated beside the Font tool on the Command Bar or add a colour to the text colour menu.

To choose a colour see the instructions on using the Text Colour menu.  To add a colour see the instructions for using the Colour Source.

b)  Choose the font that you would like for your text by using the Font tool or by clicking on the Options menu and clicking on Font.

To put text on your map:

a)  Select the text tool [image]  from the side tool bar

or

Click on the Tools menu and select Paint tool.  Click on Text to highlight it and make it active.

b)  On the map, click on the area where you would like to put the text.  A dotted outline of a box will appear.

To change the location of the box, place the cursor in the box and hold down the mouse button while you drag the box to the new location.

c)  Type in the text by clicking in the dotted line box and typing.  When you are finished hit Enter on the keyboard.

or

  By clicking in the large text box, on the third tool bar along the top.  The status of the box will change from Ready to Edit.  Type in the text.  When you are finished, click on the check mark to accept or the x to delete it.

Note:  You cannot change the text, location, font or colour of your typed word once you have hit the Enter key.

Undo does not work with the Text tool.

You can change the font after you have typed in the text by double clicking in the text box.  This must be before you have hit Enter or clicked outside the text box,

or

by clicking on Font in the Options menu.

d)  To paste the text on the map, click outside the text box, hit Enter on the keyboard, click on the check mark on the tool bar or choose another tool.


Selection Box
Selection Box (Tools Menu)

The selection box is used to define a rectangular area on your map.  The selection box allows you to manipulate information within the box without affecting the rest of the map.  The selection box is also used for copying and pasting.

To define a Selection Box:

a)  Click on the Selection Box tool [image] from the tool bar or click on the Tools menu, click on Other Tools and highlight Select.  When you put the cursor over the map, it will change to a cross.

b)  To start your selection box, place the cursor in the top left corner of the area you are interested in selecting.

c)  Hold the mouse button down and drag the cursor until the outline of the selection box covers your area of interest.  Releasing the mouse button sets your selection box to the map.

d)  Release the mouse button to pin the selection box.

To copy a section of the map and move it to another area of the same map:

a)  Set the selection box.

b)  Place the cursor over the selected area.  Click and drag the selected area to the new area on the map.  Release the mouse button to paste the section.

To select the whole window, double click the mouse button.

Using the selection box with Edit Paste

If the selection box tool is active while pasting, the copied image stored in the Clipboard, will be pasted to the map

If the selection box is deactivated while pasting, the colours that are on the copied image stored in the Clipboard, will be pasted to the palette of the active map window.  The image will not be pasted.


Drawing Circles and Squares
Drawing a Circle, Ellipse, Square or Rectangle (Tools Menu)

To draw a circle, ellipse, square or rectangle:

a)  Choose a colour for the outline of your shape from the Line Colour pull down menu which is second from the left on the Colour bar and a fill colour from the Fill Colour pull down menu which is the last pull down menu on the Colour Bar.

b)  Select a fill  or pattern fill from the Colour bar.

c)  Select a line style for the outline of your shape.

d)  Select the tool (circle, ellipse, square or rectangle) which corresponds to the shape you would like on your map by clicking on the tool on the Tool Bar or by clicking on the Tools menu and then Paint tool.  Click on your selection from the side menu and a black dot will appear beside the active tool.

e)  Place the cursor on the map, at the top left position of the shape and hold down the mouse button and drag until you have the desired shape and size.

To draw the shapes and then move them to the desired location:  Click on the mouse button and drag the mouse to make the desired shape.  Hold down the CTRL key, move the shape around and release the mouse button and the CTRL key.

To draw more than one shape of the same size:  hold down the CTRL key while creating the shape.  Release the mouse button but not the CTRL key.  Move the cursor around the map to the position you want then click the mouse button to paste the shape on the map.

See

Solid Fill

Patterned Fill

Line Styles Available in GADS

Selecting Tool Colours

Brush Tool


Edit Field
Edit Fields (Edit Menu)

Use this command to change your data set by adding a field, deleting a field, or changing the characteristics of a field.

To Edit a Data sheet, click on the Edit menu and then click on Fields.  The Edit Fields menu will appear.

There are three sections to the Edit Fields dialog box, Data Set Field, Field Definitions and Field Edit Area.

1.  The Data Set Field section describes the current field as it is in the data set.  When you are creating a new data set, this is empty.

2.  The Field Definitions section displays the fields in the data set as it will appear once your have made changes.  This section allows you to highlight the field you wish to change and reflects the changes to the data set after Apply, Insert or Delete are clicked.

3.  The Field Edit Area is used to change the field name, tag and type.

To change, add or delete fields, follow one of the selections listed below.

Selection A:  To change your data set fields,

a)  Click on the field in the Field Definition Area.  It will highlight.

b)  The Field description is displayed in the Field Edit bar.  Click on the attribute of the field in the Field Edit Area to make the appropriate changes.  Type in the new name or tag or click on the down arrow beside Type to click on the correct type for your field.

c)  Click on Apply to accept your changes.  These will be reflected in the Field Definition box.

d)  Click on OK to accept the changes and create the data sheet, or follow the instructions on adding a field(listed below) to add to your data sheet.

Selection B:  To add fields to your data set,

a)  Click on the box below Name in the Field Edit Area.  Click and drag the mouse so that the current name is highlighted.  Type in a field name.

b)  Click on the box below Tag in the Field Edit Area or hit the TAB key.  Type in the field tag.  This is further information about your Field.  Note:  This field is optional.

c)  Click on the Type box.  Select a field type from the drop down list by clicking in the box and then clicking on your choice.

The field types are defined as:

Type	Storage Format	Range of Values

int	2-byte signed integer 	-32768 to 32767

long	4-byte signed integer 	-2147483648 to +2147483647

float	4-byte IEEE floating point	+/- 1.0E-30 to +/- 1.0E+30

double	8-byte IEEE floating point	+/- 1.0E-300 to +/- 1.0E+300

text	alphanumeric text up to 255 characters long

d)  Click on the Insert button and the field description will appear in the Field Definitions section.

Repeat this procedure for each new field.

e)  Click on OK to accept your selections and your data sheet will be ready to accept data.

Selection C:  To delete a field , highlight the field in the Field Definition box and click on Delete.  Click on OK to accept the changes and create the data sheet, or follow the instructions on adding a field to add to your data sheet.


Pen
Pen (Tools Menu)

Use Pen to make straight or curved lines on your map.

To draw using the Pen tool:

1.  Click on the Pen tool [image] or click on Paint tool in the Tool menu and highlight Pen.

2.  Choose a colour for your line from the line colour menu, second pull down from the left on the Colour Bar.

3.  Select a line style for your line. Not all line styles are available with this tool.

4.  Place the cursor (shaped like a pencil) on the map, click and drag the mouse around until you have the line that you want.

5.. Release the mouse button.

Use the Pen tool with a View of 1x : 8x to change your map pixel by pixel.  To erase something when you can't use undo, select the background colour as your line colour and use the pen tool at View 1x :8x.


Drawing a Straight Line
Drawing a Straight Line (Tools Menu)

To draw a straight line on your map:

1.  Choose a line colour for your line from the second pull down menu on the Colour bar or create a new colour using the colour source.

2.  Select a line style for your line.

3.  Select the straight line tool from the tool bar

or

  Click on the Tools menu, then click on Paint tool.  Click on Line.

4.  Place the cursor on the map, at the position that will be the beginning of your line and hold down the mouse button and drag until you have the desired length.

5.. Release the mouse button.

To draw the lines and then move them to another position:  Start the line, then hold down the CTRL button.  Click and Drag the line to the new position on the map.  Release the mouse button and the CTRL button

To draw more than one line of the same size:  Draw the line and then hold down the CTRL button before you release the mouse button.  Release the mouse button but not the CTRL button.  Move the cursor around the map to the position you want then click the mouse button to paste the similar line on the map.

To restrict cursor movement to one direction when drawing a straight line: Start the line and then hold down the Shift key.  The movement of the cursor and therefore the direction of your line will be restricted to vertical or horizontal.


Using the Spy Tool
Spy (Tool Menu)

The Spy tool is used extensively in GADS in conjunction with colour.  This tool allows you to determine a colour, its name and properties by clicking on a colour on your active map.

To use the Spy Tool:

1.  Choose the Spy tool from the Command bar [image] or click on the Tools menu and then on Other tools.  Highlight Spy.  It is active when there is a black dot in front of it.

2.  Click on a colour on your map.  If you click with the primary mouse button (left for most people) the colour becomes the active line colour.  If you click the secondary (right for most) mouse button, the colour becomes the active fill colour.


Magnifying Glass
Zoom (Tools Menu)

Use this tool to change the view of your active map window.  The magnifying glass tool may act as a zoom in or zoom out.

To use the magnifying glass:

1.  Click on the zoom tool [image] or click on Other tools in the Tools menu and highlight Zoom.  Zoom is selected when there is a black dot in front of it.

2.  Place the magnifying tool on the map over your area of interest and click once.  The map will split into two sections and the right side will be magnified to 1: 2.  (The default is Normal).  The other side will show you what area you have magnified on your map.

If you click the cursor in the box with the scroll bars (left side), you can move around the map.

If you click the cursor in the magnified section you will increase magnification. to 1: 4.

You can continue clicking the mouse button to I: 8 magnification.

To go from a magnification back to Normal or to 1/4: 1, click the other mouse button (for most, this will be the right button).

Note:  You can paint and plot on a map in any magnification.  Remember to select the zoom tool after using a paint tool or map manipulation tool so that you can continue moving around your map and changing the magnification.


Brush
Brush (Tools Menu)

Use the Brush tool with your map, to make straight or curved lines that have a pattern (diagonal lines, grid, cross, horizontal lines, and vertical lines) as well as different thicknesses.

To draw using the brush tool:

1.  Click on the Brush tool [image] or click on the Tools menu and then on Paint tool.  Click on Brush.

2.  Select a Fill Colour.

3.  Select a fill pattern or solid fill from the third pull down menu on the Colour Bar.

4.  Select a line style for your line by clicking on the first pull down menu on the Colour Bar.  You can choose from 5 line thicknesses when using this tool.

5.  Place the cursor on the map,click and drag the mouse around until you have the line that you want.

6.  Release the mouse button.


Using the Polygon Fill
Polygon (Tools Menu)

Use the filled polygon tool to draw an irregular shaped, enclosed object that is the colour and pattern you have selected for fill.

To draw a filled Polygon:

1.  Choose a colour for the outline of your polygon from the Line Colour pull down and a Fill Colour from the Fill Colour pull down menu.  See Colour Source to add colours.

2.  Select the line style and pattern fill that will make your polygon.

3. Click on the Polygon tool [image] or click on the Tools menu and then on Paint tool.  Click on Polygon.

4.  Place the cursor on the map and click the mouse button.

5.  Move the cursor to the next corner of your shape and click the mouse button.

6.  Repeat Step 6 until you have the outline of your shape.

7.  Double click the mouse button to fill the polygon.

To draw the polygon and then move it to another position on the map:  Start to draw the polygon and then hold down the CTRL button before you double click the mouse button to complete the polygon.  Drag the polygon to the position on the map.  Double click the mouse button and release the CTRL button.

To draw more than one similar polygon:  Start to draw the polygon and then hold down the CTRL button before you double click the mouse button.  Double click the mouse button but do not release the CTRL button.  Move the cursor around the map to the position you want then double click the mouse button to paste the similar polygon on the map.

To restrict cursor movement to one direction when drawing a polygon, start the polygon and then hold down the Shift key.  The movement of the cursor and therefore the direction of your line will be restricted to vertical or horizontal.  The restricted direction is a reflection of the last direction you moved the cursor.

See

Line Patterns Available in GADS

Solid Fill

Pattern Fill

Colour


Polyline
Polyline (Tools Menu)

Use the Polyline tool to draw an irregular shaped outline.

To draw an outline of a Polygon:

1.  Choose a colour for your polyline from the second pull down menu on the Colour bar.  See selecting a line colour.

2.  Select the line style.

3.  Click on the Polyline tool [image] or click on the Tools menu and then on Paint tool.  Click on Polyline.

4.  Place the cursor on the map and click the mouse button.

5.  Move the cursor to the next corner of your shape and click the mouse button.

6.  Repeat Step 6 until you have the outline of your shape.

7.  Double click the mouse button to complete the polygon.

To draw the polyline and then move it to another position on the map:  Start to draw the polygon and then hold down the CTRL button before you double click the mouse button to complete the polygon.  Drag the polygon to the position on the map.  Double click the mouse button and release the CTRL button.

To draw more than one similar polyline:  Start to draw the polygon and then hold down the CTRL button before you double click the mouse button.  Double click the mouse button but do not release the CTRL button.  Move the cursor around the map to the position you want then double click the mouse button to paste the similar polygon on the map.

To restrict cursor movement to one direction when drawing a polyline, start the polygon and then hold down the Shift key.  The movement of the cursor and therefore the direction of your line will be restricted to vertical or horizontal.  The restricted direction is a reflection of the last direction you moved the cursor.

See

Line Styles Available in GADS

Colour


Sort Data Command
Sort (Data Menu)

Use this command to organize your data set by field in ascending or descending order.

To sort the active data set,

a)  Click on the Data menu and then click on Sort.  A dialog box appears.

b) In the Field box, highlight the field that you would like to use as your primary sort field by clicking on it.  It appears in the Sort Keys box.

c)  Asc appears beside the field name in the Sort Keys box.  This means your data will be sorted in ascending order.  If you would like to change your sort procedure to be descending, double click on Asc.  It will change to Des.

d)  Choose the next sort key and repeat steps b and c until you have all the sort keys you need.

If you want to remove a Sort Key, highlight the Sort Key and click on Remove.

e)  Hit OK and the data set will be sorted to your specifications.


Line Styles Available in GADS

There are 10 line styles available in GADS.  These styles reflect a line's properties through thickness and composition.  You can choose your line to be solid with one of 5 degrees of thickness or you can select your line to be patterned.  In the Line Styles section of the Tool Bar, you can also assign your shape to have no outline drawn by clicking the No Line box.  This is not available with Pen, Connected Line and Polyline.

The Line Styles should be used with the Circle Tool; Ellipse Tool; Square Tool; Rectangle Tool; Pen Tool; Line Tool; Connected Line Tool; Open Polygon Tool and  Polygon Tool.

To choose the line style, click on the first pull down menu on the Colour Bar along the top and click on the style you want

or

  Click on the Tools menu and click on Line Style.  Click on your style choice.

No Line - Line Style is used with the circle, square, ellipse, rectangle and polygon.  If you do not want to have an outline on your shape choose No Line.

1 pixel to 5 pixels - This is the width of the line that you choose to draw with.

Dotted, Dashed, Dash-dot, Dash-dot-dot can be chosen as the patterns of the lines used with the GADS line tools

The line thicknesses of the Line Styles selections can also be used to plot geography on your map or contour data.  Assign the line style first and then select what attributes of the map or contour levels you are going to plot.  Line patterns are not available when plotting geography.

See

Drawing a Circle, Ellipse, Square or Rectangle

Drawing a Polygon

Drawing a Polyline

Drawing a Straight Line

Pen

Connected Line

Map Creation


drag
To hold down the mouse button while moving the mouse.


Plotting Contours

Contouring Line Contours, Filled Contours and Markers

Contouring Values


Working with Data sheets

Starting a New Data Sheet

Opening a Data File

Saving a Data File

Closing a Data sheet

Entering Data on the Data sheet

Changing the Attributes of a Field (Editing a Field)

Copying a Section of the Data sheet

Cutting a Section of the Data sheet

Pasting Data on a Data sheet

Displaying the Field Tags

Formatting a Data Column

Formatting the Latitude and Longitude Column

Changing the Font

Sorting your Data

Merging Data Files

Running Statistics on your Data

Creating and Running an Algorithm on your Data


Map Creation

To create a new map,

Click on the File menu and then click on New.  A menu will appear along the side.  Click on Map to highlight it and open the new file dialog box.

or

Click on the new map tool [image].

Keys:  ALT + F, N, M

Map Dialog Box

NOTE:  Once you have set the parameters for the bitmap (Dialog Box 1), you cannot change them without creating a new map.  On the other hand, the parameters for drawing the map (projections, latitude and longitude limits) can be changed by using Set Projection.

Dialog Box 1  New Map Document

The first dialog box determines the size of your map window in three different ways, relative to the printer, the screen and pixels. The dialog box comes up with default numbers that define the map window in the 3 ways but all relative to your screen resolution.  If you want your map window to be the size of the screen, or you are unsure, click on the OK button to go to the next Dialog box.

Note:  Make sure you have enough RAM.  You cannot use more than 90% memory.

BITMAP Dimensions

This section describes the size your map will be in pixels and tells you how much memory the map will use.

If you want to change the size of your map window from the default and you know the size in pixels, click in the number boxes at the beginning of the number and drag the cursor to highlight the number.  Type in your new number.

If you don't know the size in pixels of your map, adjust the size of the map window using one of the other 2 sections of this dialog box and the change will be reflected in the Bitmap Dimensions section.

Image size at screen resolution

This section is used to display the size and resolution of your map window by screen, window or page.

Note:	a)  If you choose Screen to determine your map size, blockiness may occur when printing due to the low resolution of the screen relative to the printer.

b)  If you choose Page to determine your map size, the resolution is much higher than Screen and will therefore take up more space on your disk and may take longer to create and save.

To select a map window size using this section, click on the button beside one of the options.  A black dot appears beside the selection that is active.  The numbers that appear are derived from the following:

The screen resolution and size is chosen when you setup Windows.

The Window size is the current size of the GADS Window.

The Page size is determined by paper sizes.  The default is 8.5 x 11 paper size, with any margins that were set in the Windows Printers section or the Print Setup Section.

If you would like to change the default of Page, click on the Print Setup.. button in the next section.  Click on the drop down menu for Paper Size and click on your selection.  Click on OK to accept.

Image size at printer resolution

This section shows the size of the map once it is printed on the Default printer.

To change a printer parameter such as printer type, paper orientation or paper size, click on Print Setup.  See Print Setup to describe this dialog box further.  The changes made in the Print Setup will directly affect the size of your printed map.

The current size of the image at printer resolution is most likely less than the paper size.  If you would like to make your map so that it is the size of a full printed page, click on the button beside Page.  A black dot will appear.

The difference between choosing Page in the printer section and choosing Page in the screen section, is the resolution of the screen and printer.  The Printer has a much higher resolution, so the map takes up a smaller area when at screen resolution.  This means that when you save the map, the file will now be larger than if you used screen resolution and it may take longer to create the map.

Another way to print the map so it is the full page is to click on Fit to Page in the Print menu when you are printing.  Note:  This may cause your text to be blocky.  You should print a copy to check which method works best with your printer.

Click on OK to accept the changes and setup your map window.

The next dialog box appears so that you can set the map parameters.

Dialog Box 2  Set Map Projection

Geometry:  Use the geometry section to set the projection of your map.

The dialog box comes up with the default No Projection.  If you clicked on OK now, you would have a bitmap without any geographic information.  This bitmap can be used for drawing shapes and text only.  Clicking on the down arrow of the Geometry selection box will activate a drop-down list.  Choose one of seven projection perspectives by clicking on it.  For a further explanation of Projections see Map Projections.

The extents of each projection are as follows:

North Polar 	20N - 20N 	South Polar	20S - 20S

North Lambert	80N - 10N	South Lambert	10S - 80S

Equirectangular	90N - 90S

Mercator	80N - 80S

No Projection	a bitmap with no geographic information.

Once you have chosen a projection, (except No Projection),  the dialog box will fill with the selection boxes for your latitude and longitude co-ordinates.

a)  Click on the box beside Central, at the beginning of the number.  Drag the cursor over the box so that the number is highlighted.  Enter the coordinate for the central longitude of your map.  The left and right borders will adjust relative to your map window size determined in Dialog Box 1.

b)  Click on the box beside Latitudes of Top, at the beginning of the number.  Drag the cursor over the area so that the number is highlighted and type in the northern extent of your map.

c)  If your projection has selectable true latitudes, click on the box beside True and drag the mouse across the number so it is highlighted.  Type in the True latitude coordinate(s).  If you are unsure start by setting the True equidistant between the Top and Bottom latitudes.

d)  Click on the box beside Bottom at the beginning of the number.  Drag the cursor over the area so that the number is highlighted and type in the southern extent of your map.

e)  Click on OK to set up your base map.  The map window will come up blank.  If you click on OK and nothing happens, check that the true latitudes are between the top and bottom latitude.

To Plot Geography on your Map

Before plotting the geography on your map,  select a line colour and a line style, then decide if later you will be putting any information on the map that may obscure the geography.  For instance, contouring data and placing shapes on the map.  If you want the geography of the map to show through this information you must activate The Mask.

To activate the Mask:

Click on Mask in the Tools menu.  Highlight Paint to Mask by dragging the mouse over it.  A check mark indicates Paint to Mask is active.

or

  Click on the Paint to Mask Tool [image].

To see what parts of your map are being drawn to the Mask,

  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Show Mask.

or

  Click on the Show Mask tool [image].

A check mark appears beside Show Mask.  The mask will be displayed as stripped lines on the areas that are masked.

To stop plotting to the Mask,

click on the Tools menu and click on Mask, highlight Paint to Mask.  The check mark will disappear.

To hide the Mask,

click on the Tools menu and click on Mask.  Highlight Show Mask and the check mark will go away.

To Plot Geographic Features:

To plot geography on a map, click on the Plot menu and then click on Geography.  A menu will appear so that you can choose what you want to plot.  To make these choices follow the instructions below.

Note:  You can plot all or some geographic feature and in varying amounts of detail.  GADS determines which type of feature is present in your map area.

Plot CIA WDB-II Geography

A)  Line Style

If you have not previously done so, select a Line Style and Line Colour to plot the geographic features.

To select a line style, click on the down arrow beside the line style and/or line type and click on a selection to choose from the drop down list.

To select a colour, click on the down arrow beside the colour box and click on a colour to make it the colour your geographic features will be plotted in.

B)  Database

Open the World Data Base (.wdb) file to plot features on your map.

To select the  WDB II click on the Open button and then click on fullres.wdb from the Database menu and click on OK.  Fullres.wdb is installed when you install GADS and should be in the GADS directory.

If you are unsure of how to use this menu see Opening a File.

C)  Features

Coasts

This GADS option specifies the coastline boundaries to be plotted.   You may select and plot the six coastal classifications listed below individually, in groups, or all together by clicking the box to the left of each option.  This option is enabled when an x is present.

Note:  a) Before plotting the geographic features, make sure you have set Paint to Mask.

b) In some cases a major river is defined as a coastline (example:  St. Lawrence River, Canada)

Six  Classifications

Major	permanent major coasts, islands, and lakes

Additional	slightly smaller coasts, islands and lakes

Intermediate	intermediate  islands and lakes

Minor	minor islands and lakes

Intermittent	major and minor lakes which may at some time of the year dry up.

Miscellaneous	reefs, major and minor salt pans, major and minor ice shelves, and glaciers

Rivers

This GADS option specifies the rivers to be plotted.  You may select and plot the six river classifications listed below individually, in groups, or all together by clicking the box to the left of each option.  This option is enabled when an x is present.

Note:	a) Before plotting the geographic features, make sure you have set Paint to Mask.

b) In some cases a major river is defined as a coastline

Six Classifications

Major	permanent major rivers

Additional	additional major rivers

Intermediate	additional rivers

Minor	minor rivers

Intermittent	intermittent major and minor rivers

Canals	major, minor, and irrigation-type canals

Borders

This GADS option plots the borders of countries and the provincial and state borders within countries.  These borders are based on data from the World Data Base of 1977.  Some borders have changed since this time.  Coastal borders are defined by coast lines plotted using plot coasts.

You may select and plot two border classifications listed below, individually or together by clicking the box to the left of each option.  This option is enabled when an x is present.

Note:	 Before plotting the geographic features, make sure you have set Paint to Mask.

Two Classifications

International	international political borders as defined by the CIA World Data Bank II

Regional	provincial/state political borders as defined by the CIA World Data Bank II

D)  When you have chosen the features you want to plot, click on the Plot button.  When the Plot menu comes up again, change the line style, colour and Plotting features and click Plot or click on the Close button to complete your plotting.

Colouring Your Map:

a)  Choose a fill colour and a fill pattern or solid fill.

b)  Click on the Flood Fill tool from the Tool Bar along the side

or

Click on the Tools menu.  Click on Paint tool and then on Flood fill.

c)  Move the tip of the paint spill over the area to be filled and click.

d)  Repeat these steps until you have coloured all the areas.

Save The Map

a)  Choose File from the Map menu.

b)  Click on Save As... and a dialog box will pop up.

c)  Type or select the filename you want to save.   A filename can contain up to 8 characters plus the extension.

d)  Choose the file type GADS Map (*.g3m, *.img) from the list of file types.

e)  Select the drive in which you want to store the GADS file.

f)  Select the directory in which you want to store the GADS file.

g)   Click OK to save your map.

Continue your map by contouring data or placing shapes or text on it.  See the help for the individual tool.


Printing

To print the active map to a printer that is already connected to your system and installed in Windows, use the Print Setup and Print commands.

Please note that the resolution or clarity of the printed map is determined by your system and printer.  A low resolution printer may not print the map so that it looks as good as the map on the screen.

To Select a Print Setup:

a)  Select Print Setup from the File menu by clicking on File and then on Print Setup.  The Print Setup command is used to select a printer, printer connection, paper orientation and paper source.

b) Make your choices for Printing.  see Print Setup.

If you have questions see your Windows documentation and printer documentation for further details and for printer hook ups.

----------------------------------

To Print a Map:

a)  Click on Print in the File menu.

b)  Make your choices from the different sections.  An explanation of each section and how to use each section are listed below.

Image Size

You can print your map so that it is printed in any size you would like.  The size of the printed map is given under the Scale option in this section.

  On-screen size is the size of the image as you see it displayed on your monitor.

  Fit to page prints the map the full size of the paper.  The size is determined by the Print Setup parameters and takes into account the paper orientation, size and any margins that are set.

  Scale allows you to set the size of the printed map to be any factor of the original map on your screen.

When scaling and using Fit to Page, there may be some distortion in your printed map as it compares to the screen image.  This is due the re-sizing of the map that you have requested.

To select an Image Size, click on the button beside your choice.  A black dot means the selection is active.

Page Margins

Use this section to allow white space around your printed map.  If you want to maximize the amount of printable space on the paper, set the margins to 0.  The margins do not have to be the same spacing.

Note:  Page margins refer to the distance from the edge of the paper to the map.  If you have a header and a footer, they will be placed in the margin.  The margin size must be large enough to encompass the header and footer.

To set the margins, click at the beginning of the number, in the box of the margin you would like to change.  Click and drag the mouse so that the number in the box is highlighted.  Type in the space that you would like to leave on each side of the map.  Units of measurement are setup in the Windows System section.

The Printable area is displayed in inches at the bottom of the Page Margins section.  If this is smaller than the Image Size, the whole map will not be printed.  If it is larger than the Image Size, the map will not fill the whole printable area.

Pages

The Pages section shows you how many pages it will take to print your map, using the image size and page margins that you have chosen.

Center

Use Center if you would like the map to be centered on the paper.  It can be centered Vertically or Horizontally by clicking on the square beside your choice.  An x means the selection is active.

Header/Footer

Use this section to add a title or a page number to your map or to type in more information about your map.

To add a Header or Footer, click on the box beside either Header or Footer.  Type in your information.

Printer

The printer section displays the printer that is currently selected and its resolution.  To change the printer, click on the Setup... button and the Print Setup menu appears.

Copies

To set the number of copies, click in the box beside Copies.  Drag the mouse so that the number in the box is highlighted.  Type in the number of copies of the map that will be printed.

c)To accept all your selections and to print the active map, click on OK.  The map will be printed to your printer.


Caps Lock
The Caps Lock key is used with both the Map and Data Sheet to enter text that has capital letters only.  When Caps Lock is active, it is highlighted on the Status Bar.

To activate Caps Lock,

press the Caps Lock key on your keyboard or double click on CAP on the Status Bar.  If CAP is highlighted on the Status Bar then Caps Lock is already active.

To override Caps Lock, hold the Shift key down while typing.

To deactivate Caps Lock,

press the Caps Lock key on your keyboard or double click on CAP on the Status Bar.  CAP on the Status Bar will appear greyed out.


Scroll Lock
The Scroll Lock key is used with both the Map and Data Sheet to stop the movement of the active window.  When Scroll Lock is active, it is highlighted on the Status Bar.

To activate Scroll Lock,

press the Scroll Lock key on your keyboard or double click on SCR on the Status Bar.  If SCR is highlighted on the Status Bar then Scroll Lock is already active.

To deactivate Scroll Lock,

press the Scroll Lock key on your keyboard or double click on SCR on the Status Bar, so that it appears greyed out.


Redo
Redo (Edit Menu)

Use Redo to cancel the Undo command that you have just performed and reapply your last operation.

Redo appears after the Undo command is used, in the same position as Undo, under the Edit menu.

To redo an action, click on the Edit menu.  If it is possible to redo the action, the word Redo will appear in the Edit menu.  Click on it so that it is highlighted.

or

Click on the Redo tool [image] on the Command Bar.

The action that you have just undone will be completed again.


Number (Format Menu)

Use this command to format the numbers in a column (Field) of your data set.  You must always format a complete column.

To format a column:

a)  Highlight the column of the active data sheet.  To do this click on the field name at the top of the column.

b)  Choose Number from the Format menu.  A dialog box will appear allowing you to change the Format, and Precision of the numbers in the Field.

Format determines how the numbers in the column are displayed.

Precision refers to how many numbers will appear after the decimal place.

c)  Click on the button beside your choice for each section.  A selection is active if it has a black dot in the button.  A sample of the formatted number is displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.

If you would like to make these settings the Default, click on the Default button under Help in the dialog box.  The Number Display you have chosen is now the default for all data files subsequently opened.  The highlighted field of the current data set will also be updated to reflect these changes.

d)  Click OK when you have the correct format.


Grid lines
Grid Lines (Plot Menu)

Use this command to draw grid lines on your map.  You can choose how many grid lines to plot and the latitude and longitude location of the grid lines.  You can draw the latitude and longitude grid of your map in any colour and line thickness.

To Plot Grid Lines:

a)  Under the Plot menu, click on Grid Lines. The Plot Grid Lines dialog box appears.

b)  Select a line style and line colour.

b)  If you want the grid lines to be set to the mask so that the grid lines will show through any data plotted, click on the Tools menu and click on Mask.  Click on Paint to Mask.  A check mark appears.

c) In the Latitude and Longitude Lines sections of the dialog box, you can choose to plot the one grid line, grid lines with a particular spacing, or no latitude grid lines or no longitude grid lines.

To plot one grid line of latitude or longitude:

a)  Click on the box before "One at" in either the Latitude Lines section or the Longitude Lines section.  An x appears.

b)  Click on the box after "One at" and drag the cursor over the number until it is all highlighted.  Release the mouse button.

c)  Type in the latitude or longitude, in degrees, at which you want to plot a grid line.

Check that the other section (Latitude or Longitude) does not have an x in the selections.  If there is an x, click on the x to remove it.

d)  Click on the Plot button on the dialog box.  The box will disappear and the lines will be plotted.

e)  Once the lines have plotted, the Plot Grid Line box will reappear.  Click on the Close button or repeat one of the above steps until you have your grid lines on the map.

  Repeat for the other section if you want to plot one degree of latitude and longitude.

To plot grid lines with a particular spacing:

a)  Click on the box before "Every" in either the Latitude Lines section or the Longitude Lines section.  A check mark appears.

b)  Click on the box after "Every" and drag the cursor over the number until it is all highlighted.  Release the mouse button.

c)  Type in the interval, in degrees, between which grid lines will be plotted.

d)  Click on the Plot button on the dialog box.  The box will disappear and the lines will be plotted.

e)  Once the lines have plotted, the Plot Grid Line box will reappear.  Click on the Close button or repeat one of the above steps until you have your grid lines on the map.

If you want to plot only latitude or only longitude grid lines.

  Repeat for the other section if you want to plot every degree of latitude and longitude.


Contours
Contours (Plot Menu)

Use this command to display data on your map.

There are four ways to display data.  These are line contours, filled contours, markers and values.  Line contours and filled contours average the numbers in the data set relative to specified grid, radius and weighting.  Markers display the data at the actual latitude/longitude co-ordinate.  Values are data displayed as Markers with the actual data value plotted as well.

There are 4 aspects of the Contour menu which must be completed before GADS plots your data.  These are the style of your contours; the levels that will be contoured, and the grid/contouring attributes that will be used to plot the data.  The fourth is the position of the data value and what field to display.

To Contour Data

(You must have a map and a corresponding data sheet open to contour data)

In the Plot menu, click on Contours.  The Plot Contours menu appears.  The name of the active map appears beside the menu name.

To Load a previously created contour file, click on load and load the file using the standard Open dialog box.  A contour file has the extension g3c.

To create a contour file

1.  Click on the down arrow beside Data Set.  Click on the data file name that has the data you wish to contour or click on All open data sets to contour the open data sets all at one time.

2.  Click on the down arrow beside Field and click on a field to plot from the pull down menu.  The chosen Field will appear in the box.

3.  There are four cards that make up the Contour menu.  The title is at the top of each card.  On the Style card, click on the contour type in which you are interested.  The active style will have a black dot in the button to the left of the style name.  The style types are described as:

    Line Contours draw lines at specified levels.

    Filled Contours plot the data as contoured areas that change at specified levels.

    Markers display symbols at the actual data point.

      If you have chosen Markers, click on the down arrow under Markers to chose a symbol.  Highlight the symbol you want to use to contour by clicking on it.

    If you want to contour Values, click on Markers and choose a symbol, then click on the box beside Values.  An x appears.  For further instructions on contouring Values, click here.

4.  Click on the name Levels at the top of the Levels card to determine your contouring levels.

a)  If you are contouring one level (or above and below one level), type the number in the box beside Single Insert and hit Enter.

  If you are contouring many levels, type in the lowest and highest number in the From and To boxes of the Series section respectively and hit enter.  In the By box, type in the increment by which you want to contour and hit Enter.

b)  Click on the Insert Series button to activate your levels.

The Tab key can also be used to move between selections on the Plot Contours menu.

To add a level, use the Single Insert section.

To delete a level, click on the level number and hit the Del key on the keyboard.  Click on the colour and hit the Del key to delete the colour.  A colour can only be deleted after the level has been deleted.

5.  The levels appear in the Levels section to the right.  Each level has a corresponding colour box and colour name.

6.  At this point you know if you would like to contour above or below the top and bottom numbers of your levels.

To do this:

a)  Click on the Style card.

b)  At the bottom of the Style card, you can choose which extension you would like to contour by clicking on the box beside Above and/or Below.  An x will appear beside your selection.

7.  Set the colour and colour names.

To set these colours see producing contour colours.

8.  If you are contouring Markers, click on the Plot button and your data will be plotted on your active map.

  If you are contouring Lines or Filled Contours, click on Grid to activate the Grid card.

The Grid card is used to determine the grid, radius and weighting for your contouring.

To set the grid:

a)  In the Units box, click on the down arrow and select the units for your grid.

b)  Type in your grid dimensions in the top boxes.  Type in the radius of influence in the box beside radius.

or

Use the grid/radius tool to select the grid and radius for your contouring.  The actions of the tool are reflected in the Plot contours menu.

c)  Click on the down arrow beside Weighting.  Highlight the weighting type you are interested in.

d)  Click on the Enclosure Req'd button if you would like to contour only the data points that are surrounded above, below, left and right  by other data points.  When Enclosure is chosen, a data point with only two data points surrounding it can be contoured, if one point is located above and to the left and the other is located below and to the right, or vice versa.

e)  Click in the Minimum button and type in a number, when you have irregularly spaced data that may not always have a lot of points situated in the radius of influence.  Minimum refers to the minimum amount of influence a particular data point has in determining the value of the contoured result at a specific point.  Minimum is calculated by GADS as a percentage.  Usually this section is left as the default.  For further explanation see the Contouring Section of the Reference Manual

f)  Click on the Save button to save all your contouring settings.  The file will be saved with the extension g3c.  You will be able to load this file at another time rather than creating the contour setting again.

g)  Click on the Plot button.  Your data will be plotted.


Colour Select
Colour select (Tools Menu)

You can select a colour for the line tool, fill tool and the text tool by choosing Line, Fill or Text from the Colour select menu in the main Tools menu or by clicking on the pull down menus on the tool bars along the top of the map window.

To select a line colour, click on the pull down menu beside the line style menu.  The line colour menu is the second pull down menu from the left on the Colour Bar.  Click on a colour to make it the active colour for lines.

or

a)  Click on a colour in the Colour Palette, so that it is highlighted.

b)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Colour select.  Highlight Line.  The colour highlighted on the palette will be placed in the pull down menu for lines.  It is now the active colour for all the lines you draw and all tools that use lines.

To select a fill, click on the pull down menu beside the fill pattern menu.  The fill colour menu is the last pull down menu on the Colour Bar.  Click on a colour to make it the active colour for fill.

or

a)  Click on a colour in the Colour Palette, so that it is highlighted.

b)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Colour select.  Highlight Fill.  The colour highlighted on the palette will be placed in the pull down menu for Fill.  It is now the active colour for all the tools that have a filled in area

To select a colour for text,, click on the pull down menu beside the Font Tool.  The text colour menu is the pull down menu on the Command Bar.  Click on a colour to make it the active colour for text.

or

a)  Click on a colour in the Colour Palette, so that it is highlighted.

b)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Colour select.  Highlight Text.  The colour highlighted on the palette will be placed in the pull down menu for text.  It is now the active colour for all text.


Definition of line tools
Line tools include freestyle draw, straight line, connected line, polyline, square, rectangle, ellipse, circle and polygon.


Fill Pattern
Fill Pattern (Tools Menu)

This command determines the type of fill that you use when drawing a circle, square, ellipse, rectangle, polygon or using the Brush tool or Flood Fill tool.  Select a fill pattern before drawing your shape.

There are seven fill patterns.  To choose a pattern:

a)  Click on the Fill pull down menu, third menu from the left, on the Colour Bar.

or

Click on Tools and then on Fill pattern.  A menu will appear along the side of the main menu.  Click on your selection.  A black dot will appear beside your current choice.

b)  Select the tool of interest and draw on the map.

Options

None - This is used with the circle, square, ellipse, rectangle and polygon tool.  If you do not want to have a filled shape choose None from the Filled pattern menu in Tools or No fill from the Filled pattern pull down menu third from the left on the Colour Bar.

Solid - This is used to fill a shape or draw a line with a colour.

Horizontal ,Vertical, Diagonal Forward, Diagonal Backward, and Diagonal Grid are used to fill a shape or line with a pattern.


Font (Options Menu)

Use this command and tool to change the font type, the style, and the size of your text before you put text on your map or any time you are using the data sheet.

To change your text properties:

1.  Click on Font in the Options menu when mapping or working with data.  You can also select the Font tool [image].  A Font dialog box appears.

2.  Choose the type of Font you wish from the list under Font selection by using the scroll bar at the side of the font list and clicking on the font you want to use.  The selected font type will be highlighted and will appear in the description box above the list.  Available fonts are determined by your system.  Your change is reflected in the Sample box at the bottom of the dialog box.

3.  To choose a Font Style, click on the selection from the list under Font Style.  You may choose from Regular, Bold, Italic, and Bold Italic if the current font allows all of these options.  Your change is reflected in the Sample box at the bottom of the dialog box and in the Font Style box.

4.  To choose a Size, click on the number in the list of text sizes under Size so that it is highlighted.  The choice of sizes is determined by the font type.  Your choice will be reflected in the Sample box at the bottom of the dialog box and in the Size box.

5. Click on OK to accept your choices or click on cancel to revert to the previous font selections.


Map Tools

Map Manipulation Tools

There are 14 tools that are classified as Map Manipulation tools.  These tools can be selected from the menus or from the tool bar.

Four of these tools are found in the Tools menu.  All are found in Other tools except None.  To see a description of these tools click on the tool name.

Other Tools (Tools Menu)

  None

  Grid

  Select

  Zoom

  Spy

The rest of the tools are found in the File menu, Edit menu and Tools menu and on the Command Bar.  To select a description of a tool, click on the tool name.  These tools are:

  New Map

  New Data Sheet

  Open

  Save

  Undo

  Font

  Text Colour Selection

  Paint to Mask

  Disable/Enable Mask

  Show Mask

The Edit Bar is used with the map window to display the text that will be placed on the   After you have choosen the Text tool,  click in the edit area of the Edit bar.  The status of the box will change from Ready to Edit.  Type in the text.  When you are finished, click on the check mark to accept or the x to delete the text.  Continue to use the text tool to set your text.


Paint Tools
Paint Tools (Tools Menu)

Paint tools are used to draw lines or shapes on the map.  There are twelve paint tools.  Each tool can be selected from the Tool menu or from a button on the tool bar going down the side of your application window.

To see a description and an explanation of the use of a Paint tool, click on the corresponding tool name in the following list.

  Pen

  Brush

  Flood Fill

  Text

  Line

  Connected Line

  Polyline

  Square, Rectangle, Circle, Ellipse

  Polygon


Solid Fill
Solid Fill (Tools Menu)

Solid Fill is used when you are filling an area or shape with a colour but without a pattern.  No fill is used when you would like to draw a shape as an outline.

To create an object with solid colour fill:

1.  Choose Solid from the drop down list in the second pull down menu from the right along the top of the map

or

  Click on the Tools menu and click on Fill pattern.  Highlight Solid.  A black dot will appear beside Solid.

2.  Choose a fill colour from the last pull down menu on the Colour Bar.

3.  Select the tool you wish to use.  Solid Fill would be used with the tools:  square; rectangle; circle; ellipse; paint can; paintbrush tool and filled polygon.

4.  Use the tool accordingly.

To create an outline of a shape:

1.  Choose No fill from the Fill pattern pull down menu

or

  Click on the tools menu and click on Fill pattern.  Highlight None.  A black dot will appear beside None.

2.  Select a line colour.

3.  Select the tool you wish to use.  No fill would be used with the tools:  circle; square; rectangle; ellipse and filled polygon.

4.  Use your chosen tool accordingly.

See

Drawing a circle, ellipse, square or rectangle

Paint Can Tool

Drawing a Filled Polygon

Paintbrush Tool

Colour

Map Creation


None Tool
The None Tool (Tools Menu)

Use the arrow cursor or None tool [image] when you do not want to have any tools active or when you want to deactivate a tool, such as Flood Fill.

To use the None tool, click on the [image] tool,

 or

 click on the Tool menu and then click on None.

A black dot will appear at the None menu item.  Your cursor will become an arrow.  It can be moved around the application window without affecting your map.


New Data sheet
New Data Sheet (File Menu)

Creating a new data sheet allows you to input data into GADS.

To create a data sheet:

Click on the File menu.  Click on New and highlight Data by clicking on it.

or

Click on the New Data Sheet [image] .  It is the second button from the left on the Command Bar.

When you choose a new data sheet, the Edit Fields dialog box appears.  It has two fields already set for you.  These are Latitude and Longitude.

There are three sections to the Edit Fields dialog box, Data Set Field, Field Definitions and Field Edit Area.

1.  The Data Set Field section describes the current field as it is in the data set.  When you are creating a new data set, this is empty.

2.  The Field Definitions section displays the fields in the data set as they will appear once you have made changes.  This section allows you to highlight the field you wish to change and reflects the changes to the data set after Apply, Insert or Delete are clicked.

3.  The Field Edit Area is used to change the field name, tag and type.

To add fields to your data set,

a)  Click on the box below Name in the Field Edit Area.  Click and drag the mouse so that the current name is highlighted.  Type in a field name.

b)  Click on the box below Tag in the Field Edit Area or hit the TAB key.  Type in the field tag.  This is further information about your Field.  Note:  This field is optional.

c)  Click on the Type box.  Select a field type from the drop down list by clicking in the box and then clicking on your choice.

The field types are defined as:

Type	Storage Format	Range of Values

int	2-byte signed integer 	-32768 to 32767

long	4-byte signed integer 	-2147483648	to +2147483647

float	4-byte IEEE floating point	+/- 1.0E-30	to +/- 1.0E+30

double	8-byte IEEE floating point	+/- 1.0E-300	to +/- 1.0E+300

text	alphanumeric text up to 255 characters long

d)  Click on the Insert button and the field description will appear in the Field Definitions section.

Repeat this procedure for each new field.

e)  Click on OK to accept your selections and your data sheet will be ready to accept data.

To change your data set fields,

a)  Click on the field in the Field Definition Area.  It will highlight.

b)  The Field description is displayed in the Field Edit bar.  Click on the attribute of the field in the Field Edit Area to make the appropriate changes.  Type in the new name or tag or click on the down arrow beside Type to click on the correct type for your field.

c)  Click on Apply to accept your changes.  These will be reflected in the Field Definition box.

d)  Click on OK to accept the changes and create the data sheet, or follow the instructions on adding a field to add to your data sheet.

To delete a field , highlight the field in the Field Definition box and click on Delete.

Click on OK to create a data sheet so you can put data on it.


Statistics
Statistics (Data Menu)

Use this command to calculate the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of your active data set.  Statistics will also determine the number of records in your data set and which of those are defined and undefined.

To run statistics, click on a data sheet to make it the active window.  Click on the Data menu, then click Statistics.  GADS will calculate the statistics and then display the results.

To see the statistics for the field that you are interested in, click on the field name in the Field box.  When you have examined the statistics of your data set click on OK.


Lat/Lon (Format Menu)

Use this command to format the latitude and longitude columns of your data set.  You must always format a complete column.

To format lat/lon:

a)  Highlight the Latitude and/or Longitude column of the active data sheet.  To do this click on the word Latitude and/or Longitude at the top of the column.

b)  Choose Lat/Lon from the Format menu.  A dialog box will appear allowing you to change the format, precision, and  the position of the hemisphere indicator.

Format determines how the map co-ordinates are displayed.

Precision refers to how many numbers will appear after the decimal place.

The Hemisphere Indicator position allows you to choose how you would like the compass direction of your data to be displayed.

c)  Click on the button beside your choice for each section.  A selection is active if it has a black dot in the button.  A sample of the formatted number is displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.

If you would like to make these settings the Default, click on the Default button under Help in the dialog box.  The Latitude and Longitude Display you have chosen is now the default for all data files opened after you click OK.  In the current data file, the selected field is the only one that will change.

d)  Click OK when you have the correct format.


Data Sheet Tools

When using the Data sheet both the Command Bar and the Edit Bar are available.  The following describe the tools available with these bars and how to use them.

The following tools are available from the Command bar when a data sheet is active.

  New Map

  New Data Sheet

  Open

  Save

  Undo

  Font

The Edit Bar

The Edit Bar is also used with the data sheet to enter data or edit the data sheet.

How to use the Edit Bar to enter or edit data:

Once your data sheet is created, the field names and one blank column come up.

a)  Click on the first empty cell under Latitude and type in the latitude.  The number is displayed in the cell and in the Edit bar directly above the data sheet.

b)  Hit the Enter key or click on the check mark beside the Edit bar to accept the data.  Another cell will appear below the first row.

c)  Click the mouse in the next column to enter and click on the Edit bar or in the cell to type the data.

Continue until you have all the data entered in the data sheet.  Save your data as a file.

To change a number, click on the cell.  Go to the Edit bar and drag the cursor over the number to highlight it.  Type in the new number.  Click on the check mark or hit enter to accept the change.

To delete the number, click on the cell.  The number will appear in the Edit bar.  Click on the Edit bar.  Click and drag the cursor over the number so it is highlighted and hit the backspace key on the keyboard.  Click on the check mark.


Delimited Text File Format

If you have chosen a Text Data type file from the Open menu, the Delimited Text File Format dialog box appears requesting information about the file so that it can be properly displayed in GADS.

There are five sections to the Delimited Text File Format dialog box.  To open a text file, follow the instructions below, that outline these sections.

a)  The Preview Section - Click on the Preview button to see the first few fields of your data set displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.  This will help you describe the different attributes of the file.

b)  If the first line of your data set contains the titles of the fields(columns), click on the box beside First Record Contains Field Name.  An x will appear.

c)  The Field Delimiter Section - In the Field Delimiter section of the dialog box, click on the button beside the selection that describes how the fields are separated.  A black dot will appear beside your choice.

If you choose Custom, you must type in the character that separates the fields.  Type this in the box beside Custom.

d) The Text Qualifier Section - In the Text Qualifier section of the dialog box, click on the button that describes how each block of information is defined.

If you choose Custom, you must type in the character that defines the fields.  Type this in the box beside Custom.

e)  The Character Section - In the Character section, click on the down arrow beside the pull down menu to choose if your data set was created using DOS or Windows. Click on your choice to select it.  If the Preview comes up with funny characters, you, may have chosen the wrong character type.

f)  The Options Buttons - Click on OK to setup your data sheet or Cancel to close the dialog box.


Text Colour Selection

Use this command to choose a text colour.

To add a text colour,

a)  Click on a colour in the Colour Palette, so that it is highlighted.

b)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Colour Select.  Highlight Text.  The colour highlighted on the palette will be placed in the pull down menu for text.  It is now the active colour for all the text you place on the map.

or

add a text colour by

a)  Clicking on a colour in the colour Palette or from the line or fill colour box so that it is highlighted.

b)  Drag the colour into the text colour box, the colour box beside the Font tool [image].  Release the mouse button to add the colour to the text colour box.

To change a text colour, double click on the colour to activate the Colour Source.

To select a text colour,

a)  Click on the arrow beside the text colour pull down menu (the menu beside the font tool on the Command Bar).

b)  Select a colour by clicking on it.  It will appear in the box at the top of the menu.

To delete a colour, click on the colour in the pull down menu and hit DEL on the keyboard.

Note:  To change the colour of your text once it is on the map , double click on the colour in the Colour Palette, even if you put the colour on the map using a text colour.

See

Creating Colours using the Colour Source


Text Tool
Text Tool (Tools Menu)

Use this tool to place alphanumeric text on your map.  The text can be placed anywhere on the active map and in any size and font available to the system.

To choose a colour and font:

Choose the colour that you will be using for the text from the pull down menu situated beside the Font tool on the Command Bar or add a colour to the text colour menu.

To choose a colour see the instructions on using the Text Colour menu.  To add a colour see the instructions for using the Colour Source.

To put text on your map:

a)  Select the text tool [image]  from the side tool bar

or

Click on Tools Menu and then on Paint tool.  Highlight Text.  A black dot appears to the left of the active selection.

b)  On the map, click on the area you would like to put the text.  A dotted outline of a box will appear.

To change the location of the box, place the cursor in the box and hold down the mouse button while you drag the box to the new location.

c)  Type in the text by clicking in the dotted line box and typing.  When you are finished hit Enter on the keyboard.

or

 Click in the edit area of the Edit bar.  The status of the box will change from Ready to Edit.  Type in the text.  When you are finished, click on the check mark to accept or the x to delete it.

Note:  You cannot change the text, location, font or colour of your typed word once you have hit the Enter key.

Undo does not work with the Text tool.

You can change the font after you have typed in the text by double clicking in the text box.  This must be before you have hit Enter or clicked outside the text box,

or

by clicking on Font in the Options menu.

d)  To paste the text on the map, click outside the text box, hit Enter on the keyboard, click on the check mark on the tool bar or choose another tool.


Colour Palette Window

The Colour Palette Window is used to display colours associated with your map document whether they have been used on your map or not.

Note:  When the colour names on the Palette are greyed out, they are not currently being used on the map

When you open a new map document, the Colour Palette appears to the right of the map.

Note:  It can be moved to the bottom of the map or hidden by selecting Palette from the Options menu

GADS colours have two components to them, each GADS colour has a name and properties (red, green, blue) which make that colour unique.  When you open a new map, one blue colour named "Background" appears.

To add colour to your map use the Colour Source.

Transferring a map colour to a tool colour:

a)  If you have a colour on your map that you would like to use with a tool, click on the colour on the Colour Palette, so that it is highlighted.  If you don't know which colour it is on the Palette, use the Spy tool to determine the colour from the map.

b)  Hold down the mouse button and drag the colour into the appropriate pull down menu on the Command or Colour Bar.  Make sure the menu you place it in corresponds to the tool you are using.  That colour is now associated with the line, fill or text tool.

Once a colour moves to the line,fill or text pull down menu, it becomes unlinked from the map Palette and is a colour on its own. Changing the colour attributes of the tool colour, will not change the colour attributes of the similar map colour.

Transferring a colour from one map to another:

a)  If you have a colour on your map that you would like to use with another map, click on the colour on the Colour Palette, so that it is highlighted.

b)  Hold down the mouse button and drag the colour into the palette of the other map.  You can now use the colour on both maps.  Once a colour moves to another map, it becomes unlinked from the first map and is a colour on its own. Changing the colour attributes of one, will not change the colour attributes of the other.

To remove a colour from a Colour Palette, the colour must not be in use on the map.  Click on the colour so it is highlighted and hit the Del button.


Radius of Influence
The Radius of Influence is a distance around each lat/lon coordinate.  Data values that fall within this radius, are incorporated into the result of the  value placed at that lat/lon coordinate.

If there are data or other grid point values within this radius, the data values will be averaged to create the final data value at that grid point..

The radius must be large enough to encompass at least one point.

As a rule of thumb, use the average distance between the lat/lon coordinates as the radius until you are more familiar with the data.


Other Tools (Tools Menu)

There are four tools found in the Tools menu under Other Tools.  To see a description of these tools click on the tool name.

Other Tools (Tools Menu)

  Grid-Radius

  Select

  Zoom

  Spy


Line Colour (Colour Select)

Use this command to set a line colour to be a line colour.  The line colour is used with all the tools that have lines associated with them and for plotting contours.

To add a line colour,

a)  Click on a colour in the Colour Palette, so that it is highlighted.

b)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Colour Select.  Highlight Line.  The colour highlighted on the palette will be placed in the pull down menu for lines.  It is now the active colour for all the lines you draw and all tools that use lines.

or

Add a line colour by

a)  Clicking on a colour in the colour Palette or from the text or fill colour box so that it is highlighted.

b)  Click and drag the colour into the line colour box, the second from the left on the Colour Bar.  Release the mouse button to add the colour to the line colour box.

To change a line colour, double click on the colour to activate the Colour Source.

To select a line colour,

a)  Click on the arrow beside the Line colour pull down menu (second menu on the Colour Bar).

b)  Select a colour by clicking on it.  It will appear in the box at the top of the menu.

To delete a colour, click on the colour in the pull down menu and hit DEL on the keyboard.

Note:  To change the components of a colour that is on the map, double click on the colour in the Colour Palette, even if you put the colour on the map using a line colour.  The Colour Source menu will be activated.

See

Creating Colours using the Colour Source


Producing Contour Colours

When you create your contouring levels, colour boxes appear to the right of each level.  These colours come up all black.

There are two ways to change the contour colours.  You can select a top and bottom colour and then blend the colours between or you can create each colour separately.

To blend the contour colours,

a)  Double click on the top colour and the colour source menu will pop up.  Change the colour using the colour source menu.  Once you have changed the colour components and colour name, double click on the bottom colour while the Colour Source menu is up.  The change will be accepted and the bottom colour will now be the active colour.  Click on Update to complete the change to the bottom colour.

b)  Select all the colours to be included in the blend by clicking the top colour, holding down the Shift key and clicking on the bottom colour.  (Any section of the levels can be blended)

c)  Once the colours have been highlighted, hold down the CTRL key and click on the B.  The colours will be blended.

To create each new colour separately, double click on a colour then follow the instructions for using the Colour Source menu.  Once you have changed the colour components and colour name, double click on the next colour while the Colour Source menu is up.  The change will be accepted and the next colour is now ready to have its components changed.

To delete a colour, you must delete the level associated with the colour first.  To delete the level, click on it so it is highlighted and hit the Del key on your keyboard.  The numbers will move up leaving the unused colours at the bottom.  You can delete these colours by clicking on the colour box and hitting the Del key on your keyboard.


mask
The Mask is the attribute of the map that defines which features of the map will show through when other features or shapes are plotted on top of them.  Example:  If you plot the coastlines to the mask, when you plot your contours, the coastlines will show through the contours.

When you plot to the mask, it simultaneously plots to the map.

When you display the mask, lines appear on the features that are masked.


Turn On/Off Mask
Turn On/Off Mask (Tools Menu)

Use this option to activate or deactivate the mask.  When the mask is on, features drawn using "Paint to Mask" will not be covered by other features.   If you use this feature with Paint to Mask, your plotting or drawing will not appear on the map.

To Turn on the Mask:

a)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Turn On Mask.

or

a)  Click on the Enable/Disable Mask tool [image].

The mask is now active.  Features, contours or shapes that are plotted after this will not cover any of the areas on the map that are masked.

To see the features of the map that are masked, use Show Mask.

b)  Plot, contour or draw the features of interest.

To Turn off the Mask:

a)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.

b)  Click on Turn Off Mask.

or

a)  Click on the Enable/Disable Mask tool [image].

The mask is now disabled.  Features, contours or shapes that are now plotted will cover all areas.


Show Mask
Show Mask (Tools Menu)

Use this option to display the areas of the active map that are painted to the mask.  When the mask is shown, features drawn using "Paint to Mask" will be displayed as stripped lines.

To Show the Mask:

Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Show Mask.

or

Click on the Show Mask tool [image] .

A check mark appears beside Show Mask.  The mask is now displayed as stripped lines on the areas that are masked.

To Hide the Mask:

a)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.

b)  Click on Show Mask.  The check mark will disappear.

or

Click on the Show Mask tool [image] .


Add to Mask
Add to Mask (Tools Menu)

Use this option to add an area to the mask so that the area will be protected.  This will allow you to have the features within the area show through when information is plotted or drawn on top.  You can only add a rectangular area to the mask.

Use Show Mask to see the areas masked on your map.

To add to the Mask Layer:

a)  Choose Select from the Other tools menu in the main Tools menu or click on the Selection Box tool [image].

b)  Place the cursor on the map area of interest.  Hold down the mouse button and drag the cursor until you have the area to be added to the mask surrounded by the dotted rectangle.  To select the entire map, double click the mouse button while the cursor is on the map.

c)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Add to Mask.  The area within the selection box is added to the mask layer of your map.


Remove from Mask
Remove from Mask (Tools Menu)

Use this option to remove an area from the mask.

Use Show Mask to see the areas that are masked on your map.

To remove an area from the Mask:

a)  Choose Select from the Other tools menu in the main Tools menu or click on the Selection Box button (dotted line box) on the Command Bar.

b)  Place the cursor on the map area to be taken out of the mask.  Hold down the mouse button and drag the cursor until you have the area surrounded by the dotted rectangle.  To select the entire map, double click the mouse button while the cursor is on the map.

c)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Remove Mask.  The area within the selection box is removed from the mask layer of your map.


Invert Mask
Invert Mask (Tools Menu)

Use this command to reverse the mask.  The areas that previously where not masked are now masked.

Use Show Mask to see the areas that are masked on your map.

To invert the Mask:

a)  Choose Select from the Other tools menu in the main Tools menu or click on the Selection Box tool [image].

b)  Place the cursor on the map area to be inverted.  Hold down the mouse button and drag the cursor until you have the area surrounded by the dotted rectangle.  To select the entire map, double click the mouse button while the cursor is on the map.

c)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Invert Mask.

See

Selection Box


Clear Mask
Clear Mask (Tools Menu)

Use this command to clear the mask from the map.  After using this command, you  will not have features shown through your plotting and drawing.

Use Show Mask to see the areas that are masked on your map.

To clear the Mask:

Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Clear Mask.  The Mask will be removed from the entire map.


Weighting
Weighting is the method that determines how the data at each coordinate are averaged.  The result is one data value for each grid point.  Weighting is used when merging data and contouring data.  There are four types of weighting used in GADS.  These are Linear, Gaussian, Shepard and Equal.

In a Linear weighting, the data value closest to the lat/lon coordinate has the most influence on the result of the averaging.  The data value furthest away has the least.

In Gaussian weighting, the data value closest to the lat/lon coordinate has the most influence on the result of the averaging.  The data value furthest away has the least.  As the data values get further away from the coordinate, their influence decreases exponentially.

In the Shepard weighting method, the data values within the first 1/3 of the radius have the most influence on the result of the average.

In the Equal weighting method, the data values within the radius all have the same influence on the result of the average.


Contouring Values

One of the four ways to contour data is to display the actual data values of each latitude/longitude co-ordinate.  To do this plot your contours as values.

Note:  You must have a Data sheet open and a map open.

To plot values:

1.  Click on the map you want to contour, so that it is the active map.  In the Plot menu, click on Contours.  The Plot Contours menu appears.  The name of the active map appears beside the menu name.

2.  Click on the down arrow beside Data Set and choose a data file to contour, by clicking on it.

3.  Click on the down arrow beside Field and choose a field to plot from the pull down menu.  The chosen Field will appear in the box.

4.  The Plot menu consists of four cards; on the Style card, click on Markers.  A black dot appears in the button to the left of Markers.

5.  Click on the down arrow under Markers to chose a symbol.  Highlight the symbol you want to use to contour.

6.  Click on the box beside Values.  An x appears.

7.  There are two ways to contour values.  You can contour the values so that the marker is the same colour all the time and only reflects the lat/lon coordinate location or you can contour values so that the marker represents one of the fields in your data set.  In both instances, the data values are placed around the marker.

To contour values where the marker represents the lat/lon coordinate only:

a)  Click on the boxes beside the Fill Extension, Above and the Fill Extension Below.  An x appears, signifying that they are active.  In the Levels section a + and - will appear beside a black colour box.

b)  Change the colour of the marker.  Double click on the black colour box to activate the colour source.

See "To change the hue, saturation, red, green and blue of the colour" in the colour source menu.

c)  Select the Values Card by clicking on the Values title.

d)  In the top left corner of the card, are the numbers 1 to 4 surrounding the marker type you have chosen.  Under this diagram are four pull down menus, labeled 1 to 4.  The numbers correspond to the number positions in the diagram.  Example:  if you chose a data value to appear in position 1, it will be plotted to the top left of the marker

  Click on the down arrow beside the box that corresponds to the position of the data value you are interested in.

e)  Click on the Field name you want to contour.  In the diagram. the number at that position will blacken.  You may choose to display data at any or all of the positions.

f)  Click on Plot to display your data.

To contour values where the marker represents one of the fields in your data set:

a)  Click on the name Levels at the top of the Levels card.

b)  Determine your contouring levels by Typing in the lowest and highest number in the From and To boxes of the Series section respectively and hitting enter.  In the By box, type in the increment by which you want to contour and hit Enter.

c)  Click on the Insert Series button to activate your levels.

The Tab key can also be used to move between selections on the Plot Contours menu.

To add a level use the Single Insert section.

d).  The levels appear in the Levels section to the right.  Each level has a corresponding colour box and colour name.

e).  At this point you know if you would like to contour above or below the top and bottom numbers of your levels.

To do this:  Click on the Style card.  At the bottom of the Style card, you can choose which extension you would like to contour by clicking on the box beside Above and/or Below.  An x will appear beside your selection.

f).  Set the colour and colour names.

To set these colours see producing contour colours.

g)  Select the Values Card by clicking on the Values title.

h)  In the top left corner of the card, are the numbers 1 to 4 surrounding the marker type you have chosen.  Under this diagram are four pull down menus, labeled 1 to 4.  The numbers correspond to the number positions in the diagram.  Example:  if you choose a data value to appear in position 1, it will be plotted to the top left of the marker

i)  Click on the down arrow beside the box that corresponds to the position of the data value you are interested in.

j)  Click on the Field name you want to contour.  In the diagram. the number at that position will blacken.  You may choose to display data at any or all of the positions.

k)  Click on Save to save all your contouring settings.  You will be able to load this file at another time rather then creating the contour setting again.

l)  Click on Plot to display your data.


Fill Colour Select
Fill Colour Select (Tools Menu)

Use this command to choose a fill colour.

To add a fill colour:

a)  Click on a colour in the Colour Palette, so that it is highlighted.

b)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Colour Select.  Highlight Fill.  The colour highlighted on the palette will be placed in the pull down menu for fill.  It is now the active colour for all tools that use fill.

or

To add a fill colour:

a)  Click on a colour in the colour Palette or from the text or line colour box so that it is highlighted.

b)  Click and Drag the colour into the fill colour box, the last box on the Colour Bar.  Release the mouse button to add the colour to the fill colour box.

or

Double click on any colour to activate the Colour Source.  Follow the help instructions for using the Colour Source, to add a colour.

To select a fill colour,

a)  Click on the arrow beside the Fill colour pull down menu (last menu on the Colour Bar).

b)  Select a colour by clicking on it.  It will appear in the box at the top of the menu.

To delete a colour, click on the colour in the pull down menu and hit DEL on the keyboard.

Note:  To change the components of a colour that is on the map, double click on the colour in the Colour Palette, even if you put the colour on the map using a fill colour.

See

Creating Colours using the Colour Source


Colour Source

The Colour Source menu is used to change the attributes of a colour or make a new colour.  You can change the name of the colour and the look of the colour.

Note:  GADS colours have two components to them, each GADS colour has a name and properties (red, green, blue) which make that colour unique.  Two GADS colours can look the same but have different names, making them two different colours.  GADS colours can also look the same and have the same name but if they are in different palettes (on the map palette and in a pull down menu on the Colour or Command bar), they are separate colours and can be changed independently.

NOTE:  The availability and display of colours on screen and printer are dependent on your system hardware.

Choose from one of the following:

To Change a Colour

To Create a New Colour


Definition of Colour Source
The colour source is a dialog box that allows you to create or change colours.  You can create  or change colours by moving the mouse around the colour box until you see the right colour or by typing in the red, green, blue numbers that make up the colour.

To activate the colour source, click on a colour, wherever it appears in GADS.


Clear Data
Clear (Edit Menu)

Use this command to clear data from the Data sheet.  You can clear data from a cell, a block of cells, an entire row or an entire column.  The data will be removed from the cell.  The cells of the GADS Data sheet will not be deleted but will remain as an empty block of cells.  The format of the column and number are not changed after using Clear.

Note:  There is no UNDO in the data section of GADS.  Save your data file before using Clear, in case you change your mind!

To clear data from the Data sheet:

a)  Click on the cell or the first cell of the area to be cleared.  If you are clearing more then one cell of data, hold down the mouse button while dragging the cursor over the cells to be cleared.  Release the mouse button and the cells will be highlighted.

b)  Click on the Edit menu.

c)  Click on Clear or hit the Del key.  The cells will clear.  The data are now removed from the Data sheet.

To remove the empty cells, you must remove the entire row or column.

To remove a row, see Delete.

To remove a column, see Fields...


Paste Data
Paste (Edit Menu)

Use this command to paste cut or copied data into a GADS Data sheet.  You can paste a cell, a block of cells, an entire row or an entire column.  The data must have been copied or cut using GADS or another application.  A GADS Data sheet must be active.

To paste data:

a)  Click on the cell or the first cell of the area that will have the data pasted into it.  If you are pasting a block of cells or entire rows or columns, hold down the mouse button while dragging the cursor over the cells.  Release the mouse button and the cells will be highlighted.

b)  Click on the Edit menu.

c)  Click on Paste or hold down the Ctrl key and type v.

- If the area selected is the same size as the cut or copied area, the cells will be pasted.

-If the area selected is a different size from the cut or copied area, the Paste Data dialog box appears.

The Paste Data dialog box informs you of the size of the area you have selected to paste and the size of the area of the cut or copied cells stored in the Clipboard.  Below these, you are given a choice of paste options.  Choosing "Paste selection of nn row x nn columns" will do a partial paste of the cut or copied data.  Choosing "Paste the Clipboard range" will expand or shrink the area to paste the entire cut or copied data.  Click on the button beside the option that you would like to use.  The active option will have a black dot beside it.

d)  Click on the OK button to paste the data.

Note:  You may need to change the number format of your column after pasting.


Copy Data
Copy (Edit Menu)

Use this command to copy data that is in the Data sheet.  You can copy a cell, a block of cells, an entire row or an entire column.  The data will be copied and placed in the Windows Clipboard.

Note:	- If you are copying data to place in another application, make sure the number format of your column allows all data to be displayed.  Only the data displayed will be copied.  Hidden numbers after the decimal place will not be copied and pasted to another application.  If copying and pasting within GADS, all data (hidden and displayed) will be copied and pasted.

- You cannot copy field names or tags.

To copy data from the Data sheet:

a)  Click on the cell or the first cell of the area to be copied.  If you are copying more than one cell of data, hold down the mouse button while dragging the cursor over the cells to be copied.  Release the mouse button and the cells will be highlighted.

b)  Click on the [image] button on the Command Bar or click on the Edit menu.

c)  Click on Copy or hold down the Ctrl key and type c.  The cells will be copied and the Data sheet will remained unchanged.  The data are stored in the Windows Clipboard and can be pasted into a GADS Data sheet or into another application.

See

Paste


Copy Map
Copy (Edit Menu)

Use this command to copy a selected area from the map or map colour palette into the Windows Clipboard.  The map area can then be pasted back into GADS or pasted into another application.  Copied palette colours can only be pasted into GADS.

A)  To copy a section of the map:

a)  Click on the selection box tool or click on the Tools menu and then click on Other tools.  Click on Select.

b)  Select an area to copy.  See Selection Box if you are not familiar with the use of the select tool.

c)  If you are copying the section to paste to another map or another application, click on the Edit menu.  Click on Copy or hold down the Ctrl key and type c, or click on the Copy button on the Command Bar.  The area of the map within the selection box is now copied to the Clipboard.  Your map will not change.  See Paste for instructions on pasting the copied image.

If you are copying the section to paste to a different area on the same map, place the cursor over the selected area.  The cross will change to an arrow.  Click and drag the selected area to the new area on the map.  Release the mouse button to paste the section.

If you are copying the section to paste the colours within that section to another map's palette, click on the Edit menu.

Click on Copy or hold down the Ctrl key and type c or click on the [image] button on the Command Bar.  The area of the map within the selection box is now copied to the Clipboard.  Your map will not change.

Deactivate the selection box by clicking on another tool or selecting another tool from the menu.

Activate the map where the colour will be pasted and click on a colour in the palette so it is highlighted.

Click on the Edit Menu and then click on Paste, or click on the [image] button.  The colours from your copied map section will be pasted on the map palette.  The image will not be pasted.

B)  To copy colours of the map palette and paste to another palette:

a)  Click on the colour in the map palette you wish to copy.

  To select more than one colour if the colours are listed consecutively, hold down the Shift key while clicking on the colours.

  To select more than one colour if the colours are sporadic, hold down the Ctrl key while clicking on the colours.  The selected colours will highlight.

b)  Make sure the select tool is deactivated.  Click on the Edit menu and then click on Copy or hold down the Ctrl key and type c or click on the Copy button on the Command Bar.  The colours are copied.

c)  Activate the map where the colour will be pasted.  Click on the Edit Menu and then click on Paste.  The colours copied from the one map palette will be pasted to the other map palette.


Overview of the GADS Workspace

The GADS workspace is the window that pops up when you open GADS.  This workspace includes map windows, data windows, the map and data menus, the tool bar, the command bar, the colour bar, the status bar and the edit bar.

The map and data windows contain your map or data sheet.  The menus are associated with the active window type and the appropriate menu will appear automatically when a map or data window is made active.

The tool bar is along the left side of the GADS workspace and is active when a map is the active window.  All the tools on the tool bar allow you to draw or put information on the map.

The command bar is the bar along the top.  The tools on this bar are primarily used to manipulate your windows and files.  The command bar is active when using both a data window and a map window.

The edit bar is also available with both the data and map menus.  This bar is used to enter data into the data sheet or to put text on a map.

The Colour bar is available when a map window is active.  Within the colour bar, there are line and fill pattern drop down menus and colour palette drop down menus.  If you are opening GADS for the first time, there may not be many colours in your colour palette menus.  Once you start using GADS and adding colours, the palettes will be automatically saved on closing so that you may choose from your colours again.

Depending on how your system is setup, the GADS workspace will appear different sizes.  Some of the elements of the menus and information bars may be hidden.  Enlarge the GADS workspace using the up arrow at the to left corner of your window, to see all of the GADS options.  Once you are familiar with GADS you may want to use the Option window to hide the map palette, the rulers or the status bar.


Paste Map
Paste (Edit Menu)

Use this command to paste copied images or copied palette colours that are stored in the Clipboard to a GADS map.  The source of the images can be any application that stores graphics in the Clipboard.

You must copy a graphics into the Clipboard to use Paste.

To paste an image to the map from another map or another application:

a)  Activate the map that you want to paste to.

b)  Click on the Edit menu and then click on Paste or hold down the Ctrl key and type v or click on the [image] button on the Command Bar.  The contents of the Clipboard (your copied graphics) will appear on the map in the center of the window.

c)  Place the cursor over the pasted area and click and drag the paste selection to your area of interest.  Release the mouse button to paste.

To paste a selected area on the same map but in a different location:

a)  Place the cursor over the selected area.  The cross will change to an arrow.

b)  Click and drag the selected area to the new area on the map.

c)  Release the mouse button to paste the section.

To paste the colours of a copied graphics to another map's palette:

a)  Copy graphics into the clipboard.

b)  Deactivate the selection box by clicking on another tool or selecting another tool from the menu.

c)  Activate the map where the colour will be pasted and click on a colour in the palette so that it is highlighted.

d)  Click on the Edit Menu and then click on Paste.  The colours from your copied map section will be pasted on the map palette.  The image will not be pasted.

To paste colours of a map palette to another map palette or Contour setup:

a)  Copy the map colours from the palette.

b)  Make sure the select tool is deactivated.

c)  Activate the map where the colour will be pasted or open the Contour dialog box.

d)  Click on the Edit Menu and then click on Paste.  The colours copied from the one map palette will be pasted to the other map palette or to the Contour setup.


colour palette menus
The colour palette menus appear on the Colour bar, the Command bar and on the map window.  The palettes are lists of colours that can be used or are being used on the active map.

Other then the map palette, each colour palette is associated with a tool.  The palette on the Command bar is associated with text tool.  The first palette, from left to right, on the Colour bar is associated with the line tool and the second is associated with the fill tool.

The map palette displays any colour that you have associated with your map.  It does not have to be on the map currently.  The map palette may be hidden or moved to the bottom of the window.  Use the Options menu to show the map palette.


Working with Your Files

The following are file management options available in GADS.

Open a File

Save a File

Close a File

Printing a Map File

Duplicating an Active File

List of Open Files

Iconizing Files within GADS


Using the Menus and Tool Bars

The menus and tools bars are standardized in GADS so that you may recognize there format for other Windows applications.

Menus

To access the main menus and sub-menus and choose a menu item, click on the menu name with the mouse or hold down the Alt key and type in the underlined letter of the menu name.  It is not necessary to capitalize the letter.  The menu name or item will highlight.

If you have choosen a main menu item or a menu item with an arrow beside it, another menu will pop up below or beside to give you further options.  Click on the menu item with the mouse or hold down the Alt key and type in the underlined letter of the menu item.  It will highlight and become your selected choice.

If you have choosen a menu item with an ellipsis (...) beside it, a dialog box will appear.  The dialog box allows you to choose other options that will better define the function you are performing.

If you select a menu or by mistake, click on another menu or hit the Esc key twice and type in a new key sequence.

Dialog Boxes

There are 4 standard ways to select options on a dialog box.  These are the drop down list, the select/de-select buttons, the edit box and the options buttons.  To move between the lists, boxes and buttons use the Tab key.

To choose an option from the drop down list, click on the down arrow to right of the description box or click on the description box.  The current selection will be highlighted and a list of options will appear.  Click on the option of your choice and it will be displayed in the description box.

When using the keyboard, tab to the drop down list.  Hit the up or down arrow on the keyboard to scroll through the list.  Hit the tab key until you get to the next option you want to select.

There are two types of select and de-select buttons, a square and a circle.  The square uses an x to define selection and the circle uses a black dot.  When these buttons are not selected they are blank.  To use the select buttons, click on the button beside the description of your choice.

When using the keyboard, tab to the selection you are interested in and hit the space bar to select or de-select the option.

The edit box is used to type in your option.  To change an edit box, click at the beginning of the box and drag the cursor so that the option is highlighted.  Type in your new selection in the same format as the current option.

When using the keyboard, tab to the edit box and it will automatically be highlighted.  Type in your selection and Tab to the next option.

The options buttons are large rectangular buttons used to accept or cancel the options you have chosen in the dialog box.  To use these buttons, click on the button or use the keyboard to tab to the button and then hit the Enter key.  If you have chosen a button other then Cancel or Close, the dialog box will reappear after the task has been performed.  Choose the Close button to continue.

Tool Bars

The tool bars consist of the map tool bar, the command bar and the colour bar.  These tool bars contain drop down menus and buttons.  To select a tool from the tool bar, click on the button.  An active tool may change the cursor from an arrow to another icon or a dialog box may appear.  To select a drop down menu, click on the down arrow beside the description box.  The other options will be presented.  To choose an option, click on the option so it is highlighted.  It will move to the description box.


Iconizing Files within GADS

If you have many files open in the GADS workspace or you have finished using a map or Data sheet and do not want to close it, you can minimize the file to an icon.

To minimize your file, click on the down arrow at the top right of the map or Data sheet window.  The window will become an icon within the GADS workspace.

To use the file again, click on it once to activate menu options or double click on it to enlarge the file.


How to Reach Us

If you are having problems with GADS and cannot find the answers in our Documentation or On-Line Help files, please contact us at:

Ph.D. Associates Inc.

Suite 201, Kinsmen Bldg,

4700 Keele Street

North York, Ont.

M3J 1P3

You may also fax us or phone us at:

Our fax number is:  (416) 665-9473

Our phone number is:  (416) 736-5295


Working with Map and Data sheet Windows

The following are different ways to view your maps and Data sheets.  A description of map magnification also follows.

Sizing the window

There are two ways to size a window.  You can place the cursor at the edge of the window or corner of the window until it changes to a double ended arrow.  Click and drag the edge of corner to the size of window required.

Another method is to click on the window control button found at the top left of the window and then choose Size from the menu.  Click on the edge that you would like to resize and drag it to the new position.

Minimizing the window to an icon

If you have many files open in the GADS workspace or you have finished using a map or Data sheet and do not want to close it, you can minimize the file to an icon.

To minimize your file, click on the down arrow at the top right of the map or Data sheet window or click on the Window Control button found on top left of the window.  A menu drops down, click on Minimize.  The window will become an icon within the GADS workspace.

Maximizing the window

A window can be maximized so that it fills the entire screen.  This can be done when the window is open or when the window is an icon.

To maximize a open window, click on the up arrow at the top right of the window or click on the Window Control button found on top left of the window.  A menu drops down, click on Maximize.

To maximize an icon, click on the icon and a menu appears.  Click on Maximize.

Cascading all your open windows

Cascading the open windows reduces all open files to equal-sized rectangles and arranges them in a diagonal, descending, off-set manner.  This allows all document names and a portion of all windows to be visible at one time.  The active window will be on top and completely visible.

To cascade all the documents you have open, click on the Window menu and then click on Cascade.  The documents will be arranged.  The active window is on the top.

Tiling all your open windows

Tiling the open windows reduces and proportions all open files to completely fill the screen.  The windows are arranged so that all document names and a portion of all windows and scroll bars are visible at one time.

To tile all the documents you have open, click on the Window menu and then click on Tile.  The documents will be arranged.  The active window is at the top left of the screen.

Displaying the rulers, status bar and map colour palette

When working with a map, the rulers and map colour palette may be displayed or hidden.  You can display rulers as centimetres, inches or pixels.  The map colour palette has the option of being displayed to the right of the map or at the bottom of the map.

To select these options click on the Options menu and then on rulers or palette.  A sub-menu will appear beside these options.  Click on your choice.  If you are working from the keyboard hold down the ALT key and type O.  Then type R for rulers or P for palette.  Type the underlined letter that corresponds with your choice.

Magnifications of a map

There are six magnifications available for viewing your map.  These are Normal, Fit to Window and the ratios 1.25 :1, 1:2, 1:4,  and 1:8.

Normal is the default for your map when it is opened.  This is a 1:1 ratio.

Fit to Window is used when you want to see your entire map at one time.  Depending on the size of your map, Fit to Window will change the magnification so that you will not need to use scroll bars to view your map.

The ratio 1.25:1 is used to zoom out.

The ratios 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 are used to zoom in.  1:8 will take you to a level that you can work with individual pixels.  The tools are available at all ratios.

To select one of the above views, click on the View menu and select your choice or use the Zoom tool.


Calculating Distance and Making a Scale Bar

Length of a Straight Line

GADS allows the user to calculate the length of a straight line in kilometers.  To do this, you must have an open map with a projection.

To calculate the length of a straight line, you must have the Status Bar shown.  To show the Status Bar, choose the Options menu and then click on Status Bar.  A check mark will appear beside Status Bar in the menu and the Status Bar will appear at the bottom of the GADS workspace.

Choose a line colour and a 1 pixel line thickness.

Choose the Line tool from the Paint Tools sub-menu of the Tool menu or click on the line tool on the tool bar.  Place the cursor at the position of the start of the line and drag the cursor to draw the line.  Before you release the mouse button, look at the Status Bar where the x, y usually appear and there will be a distance in kilometers.  This is the distance between the beginning and end point of your line as it is represent on the map.  Adjust the line length accordingly and release the mouse button.

Note:  You will have to remember the length of the line because the Status Bar display disappears when you release the mouse button.

Distance also works with the Connected Lines tool.

Making a Graphic Scale Bar

Once you know the length of a straight line you can make a scale bar.  The scale of a map is the distance, as a ratio, between two points on the map and the same two points on the ground.  A graphic scale bar represents these distances with a ticked horizontal line.

To make a scale bar you need to have a map open that has a projection.  You also need to have the Status Bar shown and the Rulers shown.

To show the Status Bar, choose the Options menu and then click on Status Bar.  A check mark will appear beside Status Bar in the menu and the Status Bar will appear at the bottom of the GADS workspace.

To show the Rulers, choose the Options menu and then click on Rulers.  Choose either centimeters or inches for the display of your rulers.  The rulers will appear along the top and down the left side of the map window.

Choose a line colour and a 1 pixel line thickness.

Draw your scale bar using the Line tool.  You can select the Line tool from the Tools, Paint Tools menu or by clicking on the Line tool in the Tool bar.

So that the scale is an accurate as it can be, draw the line closest to the line of true latitude or between the lines of true latitude.  If this is not where you want to place the scale bar on your final map, you can always copy and paste the line to the correct position later.

On the map, line up the cursor with one of the ruler markings along the top of the map window (the longer lines represent an interval of an inch or centimeter).  Click on the map at the starting point and drag the cursor so that you extend the line horizontally,  the length of one inch or 2 centimeters.  Before you release the mouse button, look at the Status Bar where the x, y usually appear and there will be a distance in kilometers.  This is the distance that your line length represents on the earth for this map.  Remember this distance.  Release the mouse button.

Note:  you may want to write down the distance your line represents.

Copy the line to where you would like it on the map.  Draw a line,the same colour as the background over the original or use the Freehand Draw tool at the 1:8 View to remove the original line.

Using the Line tool add a downward line at the beginning of the line (a tick mark) and another at the end of the line.

Under the Line, use the text tool to type in the distance in kilometers that the line represents.  Your scale bar is complete!

Example:

This example says to the map reader that one inch on the map represents 50 km on the earth.


To Change a Colour

The very first time you open GADS and start to create a GADS map you do not have too many options of colour because you have not yet started to store your colour preferences.  To change a colour of a tool or a colour on your map, double click on an existing colour or double click on a blank spot on the map colour palette.  The Colour Source menu appears.  This allows you to change the existing colour or add a new colour.

Note:  To change the components of a colour that is on the map, double click on the colour in the Colour Palette, even if you originally put the colour on the map using a colour from the Colour or Command bar.

To change the hue, saturation, red, green and blue of the colours,

Type in the number beside hue, and saturation or type in the red, green, blue components, by clicking on the box and dragging the mouse over the number.  Type in the new number.  If you change the components of one section, the other section will change automatically to reflect the correct colour numbers. The change is reflected in the colour box at the bottom of the menu.

or

Click on the up or down arrows beside each component to change the number.  The colour is reflected in the colour box at the bottom of the menu.

or

Click on the large colour box on the Colour Source menu and drag the cursor around until you have the colour you want in the display box at the bottom of the menu.

Note:  If the colour box stays black, change the lumination to see the colour you have selected.

To change the lumination of the colour (make it lighter or darker)

Type in the number beside lumination by clicking on the box and highlighting the number.  Type in the new number.

or

Click on the up or down arrows beside lumination to change the number.  The colour is reflected in the colour box at the bottom of the menu.

or

Drag the arrow at the side of the Lumination bar, the thin bar along the side of the menu, up or down to lighten or darken the colour.  The numbers beside the lumination component will be changed to correspond with your choice.

To change the name of your colour

It is important to give your colours descriptive names.  This will make it easier when you use the colours later.  Example:  name a colour Land.  Do not label a colour the usual colour name, example: red. You may decide to change the colour components at a later time and then the name will not make sense.

a)  Click on the box beside Tag and drag the cursor over the colour name so that it is highlighted.

b) Type in the new name.

Click on Update to change your colour.


To Create a New Colour

The very first time you open GADS and start to create a GADS map you do not have too many options of colour because you have not yet started to store your colour preferences.  To create a colour, double click on an existing colour or double click on a blank spot on the map colour palette.  The Colour Source menu appears.  If Unlink is on the menu, click on the Unlink button.  This separates the colour that you clicked on from the new colour you are creating.

When you create a new colour, you must change the components of the colour (red, green, blue), and the lumination of the colour.  You must also name the colour.

There are 2 ways to change the hue, saturation, red, green and blue of the colours,

One method  is to type in the number beside hue, and saturation or type in the red, green, blue components.  You can do this by clicking on the box and dragging the mouse over the number.  Type in the new number.  If you change the components of one section, the other section will change automatically to reflect the correct colour numbers. The change is reflected in the colour box at the bottom of the menu.

or

Click on the up or down arrows beside each component to change the number.  The colour is reflected in the colour box at the bottom of the menu.

The other method  is to change the colour components is to click on the large colour box on the Colour Source menu and drag the cursor around until you have the colour you want in the display box at the bottom of the menu.

Note:  If the colour box stays black, change the lumination to see the colour you have selected.

To change the lumination of the colour (make it lighter or darker)

Type in the number beside lumination by clicking on the box and highlighting the number.  Type in the new number.

or

Click on the up or down arrows beside lumination to change the number.  The colour is reflected in the colour box at the bottom of the menu.

or

Drag the arrow at the side of the Lumination bar, the thin bar along the side of the menu, up or down to lighten or darken the colour.  The numbers beside the lumination component will be changed to correspond with your choice.

To name the new colour

It is important to give your colours descriptive names.  This will make it easier when you use the colours later.  Example:  name a colour Land.  Do not label a colour the usual colour name, example: red. You may decide to change the colour components at a later time and then the name will not make sense.

a)  Click on the box beside Tag and drag the cursor over the colour name so that it is highlighted.

b) Type in the new name.

Click on the colour box at the bottom of the menu and drag it into the pull down menus on the Command or Colour Bar, or drag it into the map palette.


Creating a Legend

  Example of the legend that these instructions will produce.

A legend is a section of the map that explains the contour levels that you have plotted on the map.  The legend contains the type of data plotted, the levels used to plot and the units that that the data are in.  This is one example of a legend (just to get you started).  A legend can look any way you want, as long as the 3 components are included.

To make a legend, you should have a map with data contoured on it.  It is easier to make a legend if you set View to 1x : 8x.

a)  To draw the outer border and background of the legend, choose the 1 pixel line thickness from the Colour bar, and a black colour from the Line Colour Palette.

b)  Choose the Solid fill from the Flood Fill pull down menu on the Colour Bar, and a white colour from the Flood Fill Colour Palette.

c)  Choose the rectangle tool from the Tool bar or the Tools menu, Paint tool sub-menu.  On the map, where you want the legend, draw a rectangle that has long sides and short top and bottom.

d)  To make the contour level boxes, click inside the box that you just made and drag the mouse to make a little box.  Before releasing the mouse button and pinning the box, hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard.  Release the mouse button and a white box with a black border will be made.

e)  Keep the Ctrl key down and position the cursor below the first box.  Click and hold down the mouse button and a new box, the same size as the first will appear.  Move the box so that it lines up below the first box and release the mouse button.  Repeat to make the rest of your boxes.  Make one box for each of the contour levels that were used on your map.  The boxes will be filled later.

  You may have to use the Pen tool or Straight line tool to fix a few of the lines.  To erase a line, draw a line the same colour as the background (in this case, white)).

f)  Change the view of your map back to 1x :1x by selecting Normal from the View menu.

g)  To put the field name of the contoured data on the legend and the units, select a black text colour from pull down menu on the Command bar.  Select a Font.

h)  Select the text tool from the Tool bar or from the Tools menu, Paint tool sub-menu.  Position the cursor at the top of the legend and click the mouse button.  Type in a descriptive name for the data you have contoured.  Position the cursor at the bottom of the legend and click on the mouse button.  Type in the units or Field Tag for the data you contoured.  Hit Enter.

i)  To put the contour levels on the legend (label the legend), position the cursor beside the top contour level box.   Type in highest contour level that appears on your map.  Hit Enter.  Using the interval that you used to contour, type in the next level.  Line up the typed numbers with the boxes and hit enter.  Continue until you have a number beside each box.

j)  To add colour to the contour level boxes, click and drag the first contour colour from the Map palette to the Fill Colour palette.  Release the mouse button to place the colour in the Fill Colour palette.

k)  Click on the Flood Fill tool on the Tool bar or select Flood Fill from the tools menu, Paint tool sub-menu.

l)  Fill the box on the legend that corresponds to the colour you have chosen by putting the cursor over the box and clicking the mouse button.

Repeat step j to l until you have put all the colours in the boxes.

m)  Save your map.


The GADS Workspace

Overview of the GADS Workspace

Components of the GADS Workspace

Components of the Command Bar

Components of the Colour Bar

Components of the Edit Bar

Components of the Tool Bar

Components of the Status Bar


Components of the GADS Workspace


Components of the Command Bar


Components of the Colour Bar


Components of the Edit Bar


Components of the Tool Bar


Components of the Status Bar


Recommended System Requirements

To run GADS on your system you must have at least:

Microsoft® Windows (version 3.1 or later)

4 MB of RAM

a mouse and driver supported by Windows

12 MB of available hard disk space

We recommend the following system:

8 MB RAM

a high resolution 256 colour monitor

486-based CPU

250 MB hard drive


How to "erase" all the plotted features on your map and start your map again, without making a new map

If you have started drawing on your map and you would like to erase all the plotting and drawing, use the rectangle tool.

By drawing a large rectangle, the same size as the map (without the mask on), you will cover all the plotted or drawn features and be able to start again.

If you have use the mask to create this map, turn the mask off by clicking on the Tools menu and then clicking on the Mask sub-menu.  Click on Turn Off Mask or click on the Enable/Disable Mask tool [image].

To draw a rectangle,

a)  Choose the Background colour as your fill colour, by clicking on it in the map palette and dragging it into the Fill palette on the Colour Bar.

b)  If you want a border around your map then select a Line Style other then None from the Colour Bar.

c)  Select the rectangle tool from the Tool bar  or click on the Tools menu and then the Paint sub-menu.  Select rectangle.

5.  Place the cursor on the map, at the top left of the map and hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse into the bottom right corner. Release the mouse button and the rectangle will have covered all your plotted information and drawn features.

After you have done this, you will still have the mask setup so that the old features are being masked.  To remove the mask as well,

a)  Click on Select in the Other sub-menu of the Tools menu or click on the Selection Box tool on Command Bar.

b)  Place the cursor on the map and double click the mouse button.

c)  Click on the Tools menu and then click on Mask.  Click on Remove Mask.


Putting a box around your map (framing your map)

Putting a box around your map or framing your map adds a finishing touch when your are printing or presenting the map as a bitmap in another application.

To put a frame around your map change the size of your map by using View, so that you can see the whole map at one time and then,

a)  Choose a colour for the frame from the Line Colour pull down menu which is second from the left on the Colour bar.  Usually a black looking colour is used.

b)  Click on None from the Fill Patterns on the Colour bar.

c)  Select a line style for the frame.

d)  Select the rectangle tool by clicking on the rectangle tool on the Tool Bar or by clicking on the Tools menu and then on the Paint sub-menu.  Click on rectangle.

e)  Place the cursor on the map, at the top left of the map and hold down the mouse button.  Drag the rectangle into the bottom right corner.  Release the mouse button.

f)  Save your changes.


grid
When using the grid/radius tool or the Grid card in Contouring, grid refers to the horizontal and vertical spacing between the grid points.


radius
When working with the grid/radius tool or the grid card, the radius refers to the circular area around the grid point.  The data points within the radius will be used to determine the contour value.