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LXXVIII. PostgreSQL functions
Postgres, developed originally in the UC Berkeley Computer Science Department, pioneered many of the object-relational concepts now becoming available in some commercial databases. It provides SQL92/SQL99 language support, transaction integrity and type extensibility. PostgreSQL is an open source descendant of this original Berkeley code.
PostgreSQL database is Open Source product and available without cost. To use PostgreSQL support, you need PostgreSQL 6.5 or later. PostgreSQL 7.0 or later to enable all PostgreSQL module feature. PostgreSQL supports many character encoding including multibyte character encoding. The current version and more information about PostgreSQL is available at http://www.postgresql.org/.
In order to enable PostgreSQL support, --with-pgsql[=DIR] is required when you compile PHP. If shared object module is available, PostgreSQL module may be loaded using extension directive in php.ini or dl() function. Supported ini directives are described in php.ini-dist which comes with source distribution.
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Using the PostgreSQL module with PHP 4.0.6 is not recommended due to a bug in the notice message handling code. Use 4.1.0 or later. |
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PostgreSQL function names will be changed in 4.2.0 release to confirm to current coding standards. Most of new names will have additional underscores, e.g. pg_lo_open(). Some functions are renamed to different name for consistency. e.g. pg_exec() to pg_query(). Older names can be used in 4.2.0 and a few releases from 4.2.0, but they may be deleted in the future. Tabulka 1. Function names changed
The old pg_connect()/pg_pconnect() syntax will be deprecated to support asynchronous connections in the future. Please use a connection string for pg_connect() and pg_pconnect(). |
Not all functions are supported by all builds. It depends on your libpq (The PostgreSQL C Client interface) version and how libpq is compiled. If there is missing function, libpq does not support the feature required for the function.
It is also important that you use newer libpq than PostgreSQL Server to be connected. If you use libpq older than PostgreSQL Server expects, you may have problems.
Since version 6.3 (03/02/1998) PostgreSQL uses unix domain sockets by default. TCP port will NOT be opened by default. A table is shown below describing these new connection possibilities. This socket will be found in /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432. This option can be enabled with the '-i' flag to postmaster and it's meaning is: "listen on TCP/IP sockets as well as Unix domain sockets".
Tabulka 2. Postmaster and PHP
| Postmaster | PHP | Status |
|---|---|---|
| postmaster & | pg_connect("dbname=MyDbName"); | OK |
| postmaster -i & | pg_connect("dbname=MyDbName"); | OK |
| postmaster & | pg_connect("host=localhost dbname=MyDbName"); | Unable to connect to PostgreSQL server: connectDB() failed: Is the postmaster running and accepting TCP/IP (with -i) connection at 'localhost' on port '5432'? in /path/to/file.php on line 20. |
| postmaster -i & | pg_connect("host=localhost dbname=MyDbName"); | OK |
A connection to PostgreSQL server can be established with the following value pairs set in the command string: $conn = pg_connect("host=myHost port=myPort tty=myTTY options=myOptions dbname=myDB user=myUser password=myPassword ");
The previous syntax of: $conn = pg_connect ("host", "port", "options", "tty", "dbname") has been deprecated.
Environmental variables affect PostgreSQL server/client behavior. For example, PostgreSQL module will lookup PGHOST environment variable when the hostname is omitted in the connection string. Supported environment variables are different from version to version. Refer to PostgreSQL Programmer's Manual (libpq - Environment Variables) for details.
Make sure you set environment variables for appropriate user. Use $_ENV or getenv() to check which environment variables are available to the current process.
Starting with PostgreSQL 7.1.0, you can store up to 1GB into a field of type text. In older versions, this was limited to the block size (default was 8KB, maximum was 32KB, defined at compile time)
To use the large object (lo) interface, it is required to enclose large object functions within a transaction block. A transaction block starts with a SQL statement BEGIN and if the transaction was valid ends with COMMIT or END. If the transaction fails the transaction should be closed with ROLLBACK or ABORT.
- Obsah
- pg_affected_rows — Returns number of affected records(tuples)
- pg_connect — Open a PostgreSQL connection
- pg_pconnect — Open a persistent PostgreSQL connection
- pg_connection_busy — Get connection is busy or not
- pg_connection_reset — Reset connection (reconnect)
- pg_connection_status — Get connection status
- pg_close — Close a PostgreSQL connection
- pg_copy_from — Copy a table from an array
- pg_copy_to — Copy a table to an array
- pg_end_copy — Sync with PostgreSQL backend
- pg_put_line — Send a NULL-terminated string to PostgreSQL backend
- pg_last_error — Get the last error message string of a connection
- pg_last_notice — Returns the last notice message from PostgreSQL server
- pg_last_oid — Returns the last object's oid
- pg_query — Execute a query
- pg_fetch_array — Fetch a row as an array
- pg_fetch_object — Fetch a row as an object
- pg_fetch_result — Returns values from a result resource
- pg_fetch_row — Get a row as an enumerated array
- pg_field_is_null — Test if a field is NULL
- pg_field_name — Returns the name of a field
- pg_field_num — Returns the field number of the named field
- pg_field_prtlen — Returns the printed length
- pg_field_size — Returns the internal storage size of the named field
- pg_field_type — Returns the type name for the corresponding field number
- pg_free_result — Free result memory
- pg_lo_close — Close a large object
- pg_lo_create — Create a large object
- pg_lo_export — Export a large object to file
- pg_lo_import — Import a large object from file
- pg_lo_open — Open a large object
- pg_lo_read — Read a large object
- pg_lo_seek — Seeks position of large object
- pg_lo_tell — Returns current position of large object
- pg_lo_read_all — Read a entire large object and send straight to browser
- pg_lo_unlink — Delete a large object
- pg_lo_write — Write a large object
- pg_num_fields — Returns the number of fields
- pg_num_rows — Returns the number of rows
- pg_host — Returns the host name associated with the connection
- pg_port — Return the port number associated with the connection
- pg_dbname — Get the database name
- pg_options — Get the options associated with the connection
- pg_set_client_encoding — Set the client encoding
- pg_client_encoding — Get the client encoding
- pg_tty — Return the tty name associated with the connection
- pg_trace — Enable tracing a PostgreSQL connection
- pg_untrace — Disable tracing of a PostgreSQL connection
- pg_get_result — Get asynchronous query result
- pg_result_error — Get error message associated with result
- pg_result_status — Get status of query result
- pg_send_query — Send asynchronous query
- pg_cancel_query — Cancel async query
- pg_escape_bytea — Escape binary for bytea type
- pg_escape_string — Escape string for text/char type
- pg_metadata — Get metadata for table.
- pg_convert — Convert associative array value into suitable for SQL statement.
- pg_insert — Insert array into table.
- pg_select — Select records.
- pg_delete — Delete records.
- pg_update — Update table.
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