od(1)

od -- ░█ñ╩ñδ╜±╝░ñ╟ñ╬Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬Ñ└Ñ≤Ñ╫

╖┴╝░

od [-v] [-A address_base] [-j skip] [-N count] [-t type_string] ...
[file ...]

od [-bcDdFfOoSsvXx] [file] [[+]offset][. | b | x]

╡í╟╜└Γ╠└

1 ╚╓╠▄ñ╬╖┴╝░ñ╟ñ╧íóod ñ╧ type_string ñ╟┴¬┬≥ñ╖ñ┐ 1 ñ─ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧╩ú┐⌠ñ╬╜±╝░ñ╟ file ñ≥╔╜╝¿ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú-t Ñ¬Ñ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ╩ñññ╚íóÑ╟Ñ╒Ñ⌐ÑδÑ╚ñ╧ 8 ┐╩ñ╬╜╨╬╧(-t o2)ñ╟ñ╣íúfile ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ╩ñññ╚íó╔╕╜α╞■╬╧ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╞■╬╧Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╧ 1 ñ─ñ╬─╣ññÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╦╧ó╖δñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣Ñ¬Ñ╒Ñ╗Ñ├Ñ╚ñ╧íó-A ñ╚ -N ñ╚╢ªñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐ñΓñ╬ñΓ┤▐ñßñ╞╩ú┐⌠Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╦ñ∩ñ┐ñ├ñ╞╬▀└╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

2 ╚╓╠▄ñ╬╖┴╝░ñ╟ñ╧íóod ñ╧íó║╟╜Θñ╬░·ñ¡┐⌠ñ╦ñΦñ├ñ╞┴¬┬≥ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╩ú┐⌠ñ╬╜±╝░ñ╟ file ñ≥╔╜╝¿ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú║╟╜Θñ╬░·ñ¡┐⌠ñ¼╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τíó-o ñ¼╛╩╬¼├═ñ╟ñ╣íúfile ñ¼╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τíó╔╕╜α╞■╬╧ñ¼╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

od ñ╧íóLC_CTYPE ┤─╢¡╩╤┐⌠(environ(5) ñ╬ LANG ╗▓╛╚)ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ┐ÑφÑ▒í╝Ñδñ╦ñ╖ñ┐ñ¼ñ├ñ╞╩Σ╜⌡Ñ│í╝Ñ╔Ñ╗Ñ├Ñ╚╩╕╗·ñ≥╜Φ═²ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

Ñ¬Ñ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤

-A address_base

┴┤ñ╞ñ╬╜╨╬╧╣╘ñ╬╗╧ñßñ╦╜±ñ¡╣■ñ▐ñ∞ñδÑ¬Ñ╒Ñ╗Ñ├Ñ╚ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╬Ñ┘í╝Ñ╣ñ╧íóaddress_base ñ╦ñΦñΩ└▀─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╩╕╗· address_base ñ╬░╒╠úñ╧íó╝íñ╬ñ╚ñ¬ñΩñ╟ñ╣íú

d: 10 ┐╩Ñ┘í╝Ñ╣ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣
o: 8 ┐╩Ñ┘í╝Ñ╣ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣
x: 16 ┐╩Ñ┘í╝Ñ╣ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣
n: Ñ¬Ñ╒Ñ╗Ñ├Ñ╚ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╜±ñ¡╣■ñ▀ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤

-j skip

╞■╬╧ñ╬╗╧ñßñ½ñΘ skip Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ≥╚⌠ñ╨ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúskip ñ╬├═ñ¼╞■╬╧Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ≥╖δ╣τñ╖ñ┐─╣ñ╡ñΦñΩ┬τñ¡ññ╛∞╣τíóÑ¿ÑΘí╝ñ¼╚»└╕ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

skip ░·ñ¡┐⌠ñ╧─╠╛∩íó└╡ñ╬ 10 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╚▓≥╝ßñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ┐ñ└ñ╖┐⌠├═ñ╬┴░ñ╦ "0x" ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ "0X" ñ¼╔╒▓├ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδ╛∞╣τñ╧íó16 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╚ñ▀ñ╩ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú"0" ñ¼╔╒▓├ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδñ╚íó8 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╚ñ▀ñ╩ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ▐ñ┐ skip ñ╬║╟╜Θñ╬╩╕╗·ñ¼``b''íó``k''íó``m''ñ╬ñññ║ñ∞ñ½ñ╟ñóñ∞ñ╨íóÑ¬Ñ╒Ñ╗Ñ├Ñ╚ñ╧ 512íó1024 ñóñδñññ╧ 1048576 Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ╬╟▄┐⌠ñ╚▓≥╝ßñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

-N count

╞■╬╧Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬ count Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ└ñ▒ñ≥╜Φ═²ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúcount ñ╚ skip (┬╕║▀ñ╣ñ∞ñ╨) ñ≥┬¡ñ╖ñ┐├═ñ¼╞■╬╧Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ≥╖δ╣τñ╖ñ┐─╣ñ╡ñΦñΩ┬τñ¡ññ╛∞╣τíóÑ¿ÑΘí╝ñ¼╚»└╕ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

count ░·ñ¡┐⌠ñ╧─╠╛∩íó└╡ñ╬ 10 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╚▓≥╝ßñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ┐ñ└ñ╖┐⌠├═ñ╬┴░ñ╦ 0x ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ 0X ñ¼╔╒▓├ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδ╛∞╣τñ╧íó16 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╚ñ▀ñ╩ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú0 ñ¼╔╒▓├ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδñ╚íó8 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╚ñ▀ñ╩ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

-t type_string

type_string ñ╧╜╨╬╧╜±╝░ñ╬Ñ╖í╝Ñ▒Ñ≤Ñ╣ñ╟ñóñΩíó│╞╜±╝░ñ╦ñΦñΩ╜╨╬╧ñ╬┬╨▒■ñ╣ñδ╣╘ñ╬╔╜╝¿╜±╝░ñ¼╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú3 ñ─ñ╬╗╪─Ω╗╥ñ¼═┐ñ¿ñΘñ∞ñ┐╛∞╣τíó│╞╞■╬╧╣╘ñ╧╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╜±╝░ñ╟ 3 ▓≤╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íútype_string ñ╬╗╪─Ω╗╥ñ╦ñ╧╩¼╬Ñ╡¡╣µñ╧ñóñΩñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

│╞╗╪─Ω╗╥ñ╧íó╜ñ╛■╗╥ñ¼╕σñ╦┬│ñ»╖┐╗╪─Ω╩╕╗·ñ╟╣╜└«ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╖┐╗╪─Ω╩╕╗·ñ╧╝íñ╬ñ╚ñ¬ñΩñ╟ñ╣íú

a: ╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╩╕╗·
c: ╩╕╗·
d: ╔Σ╣µ╔╒ñ¡ 10 ┐╩┐⌠
f: ╔Γ╞░╛«┐⌠┼└
o: 8 ┐╩┐⌠
u: ╔Σ╣µñ╩ñ╖ 10 ┐╩┐⌠
x: 16 ┐╩┐⌠

díófíóoíóu ñ¬ñΦñ╙ x ñ╬╖┐╗╪─Ω╗╥ñ╦ñ╧íóÑ¬Ñ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞└╡ñ╬ 10 ┐╩┐⌠ñ¼┬│ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬ 10 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╧ñ│ñ╬╗╪─Ωñ╟ñ╬Ñ╟í╝Ñ┐╖┐ñ╬┬τñ¡ñ╡ñ≥Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚├▒░╠ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúdíóoíóu ñ¬ñΦñ╙ x ñ╬╖┐╗╪─Ω╗╥ñ╧íó└░┐⌠ñ≥╝íñ╬╜ñ╛■╩╕╗·ñ╬ñññ║ñ∞ñ½ñ╚├╓ñ¡┤╣ñ¿ñ▐ñ╣íú

╖┐╜ñ╛■╗╥ ┼∙▓┴ñ╬ C ╕└╕∞ñ╬╖┐

C char

S short

I int

L long

╖┐╜ñ╛■╗╥	┼∙▓┴ñ╬ C ╕└╕∞ñ╬╖┐
C	char
S	short
I	int
L	long

 
 Type qualifier   Equivalent C language type 
 C                char 
 S                short 
 I                int 
 L                long

╞▒══ñ╦ f ╖┐╗╪─Ωñ╧íó└░┐⌠ñ≥╝íñ╬╜ñ╛■╩╕╗·ñ╬ñññ║ñ∞ñ½ñ╚├╓ñ¡┤╣ñ¿ñ▐ñ╣íú

╖┐╜ñ╛■╗╥ ┼∙▓┴ñ╬ C ╕└╕∞ñ╬╖┐

F float

D double

L long double

╖┐╜ñ╛■╗╥	┼∙▓┴ñ╬ C ╕└╕∞ñ╬╖┐
F	float
D	double
L	long double

 
 Type qualifier   Equivalent C language type 
 F                float 
 D                double 
 L                long double

│╞╖┐ñ╬╜╨╬╧╜±╝░ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñ╧íóí╓╜╨╬╧╜±╝░í╫ñ≥╗▓╛╚ñ╖ñ╞▓╝ñ╡ññíú

-v

┴┤ñ╞ñ╬╞■╬╧Ñ╟í╝Ñ┐ñ≥╜±ñ¡╣■ñ▀ñ▐ñ╣íú-v ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ╩ñññ╚íóÑ¬Ñ╒Ñ╗Ñ├Ñ╚ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣░╩│░ñ╧╞▒░∞ñ╟ñóñδ╣╘ñ╬Ñ╖í╝Ñ▒Ñ≤Ñ╣ñ╧íó1 ñ─ñ╬╣╘ñ╬╛σñ╟ÑóÑ╣Ñ┐ÑΩÑ╣Ñ» 1 ╕─( ASTERISK OPERATOR

)ñ╦╛╩╬¼ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

╜╨╬╧╜±╝░

│╞╖┐╗╪─Ω╗╥ñ╦ñΦñΩíó╝íñ╦╝¿ñ╣ñΦñªñ╩░█ñ╩ñδ╜±╝░ñ¼║ε└«ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú

a

a ╖┐╗╪─Ω╗╥ñ╧íó╞■╬╧Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ╬║╟▓╝░╠ 7 Ñ╙Ñ├Ñ╚ñ╬ñ▀ñ≥─┤ñ┘ñ▐ñ╣íú╔╜╝¿▓─╟╜ñ╩╩╕╗·ñ╟ñóñ∞ñ╨íóñ╜ñ╬╩╕╗·ñ¼╔╜╝¿ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╔╜╝¿ñ╟ñ¡ñ╩ñ▒ñ∞ñ╨íó╝íñ╬Ñ╟í╝Ñ╓Ñδñ╦ñóñδ╠╛┴░ñ╬ñññ║ñ∞ñ½ñ¼╔╜╝¿ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

├═ ╠╛┴░ ├═ ╠╛┴░ ├═ ╠╛┴░ ├═ ╠╛┴░

\000 (nul) \001 (soh) \002 (stx) \003 (etx)

\004 (eot) \005 (enq) \006 (ack) \007 (bel)

\010 (bs) \011 (ht) \012 (nl) \013 (vt)

\014 (ff) \015 (cr) \016 (so) \017 (si)

\020 (dle) \021 (dcl) \022 (dc2) \023 (dc3)

\024 (dc4) \025 (nak) \026 (syn) \027 (etb)

\030 (can) \031 (em) \032 (sub) \033 (esc)

\034 (fs) \035 (gs) \036 (rs) \037 (us)

\040 (sp) \177 (del)

 
 Value   Name    Value   Name    Value   Name    Value   Name 
 \000    (nul)   \001    (soh)   \002    (stx)   \003    (etx) 
 \004    (eot)   \005    (enq)   \006    (ack)   \007    (bel) 
 \010    (bs)    \011    (ht)    \012    (nl)    \013    (vt) 
 \014    (ff)    \015    (cr)    \016    (so)    \017    (si) 
 \020    (dle)   \021    (dcl)   \022    (dc2)   \023    (dc3) 
 \024    (dc4)   \025    (nak)   \026    (syn)   \027    (etb) 
 \030    (can)   \031    (em)    \032    (sub)   \033    (esc) 
 \034    (fs)    \035    (gs)    \036    (rs)    \037    (us) 
 \040    (sp)    \177    (del)

c

Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ╧ LC_CTYPE ┤─╢¡╩╤┐⌠(environ(5) ñ╬ LANG ñ≥╗▓╛╚)ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñδ╕╜║▀ñ╬ÑφÑ▒í╝Ñδñ╦┬╨▒■ñ╣ñδ╩╕╗·ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞▓≥╝ßñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╔╜╝¿▓─╟╜ñ╩Ñ╖Ñ≤Ñ░ÑδÑ╨ÑñÑ╚╩╕╗·ñ╧─╠╛∩ñ╔ñ¬ñΩñ╦╔╜╝¿ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╔╜╝¿▓─╟╜ñ╩Ñ▐ÑδÑ┴Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚╩╕╗·ñ╧íó╩╕╗·ñ╬┬Φ 1 Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚░╠├╓ñ╦╜±ñ¡╣■ñ▐ñ∞íó┬╛ñ╬Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚░╠├╓ñ╦ñ╧`` ASTERISK OPERATOR

''ñ¼╞■ñΩñ▐ñ╣íú╔╜╝¿╔╘▓─╟╜ñ╩╩╕╗·ñ╬├µñ╦ñ╧íóC ╕└╕∞ñ╬Ñ¿Ñ╣Ñ▒í╝Ñ╫Ñ╖í╝Ñ▒Ñ≤Ñ╣ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╔╜╝¿ñ╡ñ∞ñδñΓñ╬ñ¼ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣íú

╩╕╗· Ñ¿Ñ╣Ñ▒í╝Ñ╫Ñ╖í╝Ñ▒Ñ≤Ñ╣

Ñ╠Ñδ \0

ÑóÑΘí╝Ñ╚ \a

Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ»Ñ╣Ñ┌í╝Ñ╣ \b

Ñ█í╝ÑαÑ╒Ñúí╝Ñ╔ \f

╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘ \n

ÑΩÑ┐í╝Ñ≤ \r

Ñ┐Ñ╓ \t

┐Γ─╛Ñ┐Ñ╓ \v

╩╕╗·	Ñ¿Ñ╣Ñ▒í╝Ñ╫Ñ╖í╝Ñ▒Ñ≤Ñ╣
Ñ╠Ñδ	\0
ÑóÑΘí╝Ñ╚	\a
Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ»Ñ╣Ñ┌í╝Ñ╣	\b
Ñ█í╝ÑαÑ╒Ñúí╝Ñ╔	\f
╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘	\n
ÑΩÑ┐í╝Ñ≤	\r
Ñ┐Ñ╓	\t
┐Γ─╛Ñ┐Ñ╓	\v

 
 Character      Escape sequence 
 null           \0 
 alert          \a 
 backspace      \b 
 formfeed       \f 
 newline        \n 
 return         \r 
 tab            \t 
 vertical tab   \v

┬╛ñ╬╔╜╝¿╔╘▓─╟╜ñ╩╩╕╗·ñ╧íóÑ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ┤ñ╚ñ╦ 3 ╖σñ╬ 8 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╔╜╝¿ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣(``╬π''ñ≥╗▓╛╚)íú

d f o u x

ñ│ñ∞ñΘñ╬╖┐╗╪─Ω╗╥ñ╬╜ñ╛■╗╥ñ╧íóod ñ¼╝┬╣╘ñ╡ñ∞ñδ╞├─Ωñ╬Ñóí╝Ñ¡Ñ╞Ñ»Ñ┴Ñπñ╟ñ╬╞▒ñ╕╠╛┴░ñ╬ C ╕└╕∞Ñ╟í╝Ñ┐╖┐ñ╦┬╨▒■ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

╕▀┤╣└¡Ñ¬Ñ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤

╝íñ╬Ñ¬Ñ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñ¼╕▀┤╣└¡ñ╬ñ┐ñßñ╦Ñ╡Ñ▌í╝Ñ╚ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ│ñ╟ñ╧└Γ╠└ñ╬ñ┐ñßÑ▐Ñ╖Ñ≤ñ╬Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔Ñ╡ÑñÑ║ñ╦┤╪╖╕ñ╩ñ»íóí╓Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔í╫ñ╚ñ╧ 16 Ñ╙Ñ├Ñ╚ñ╬├▒░╠íóí╓ÑφÑ≤Ñ░Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔í╫ñ╚ñ╧ 32 Ñ╙Ñ├Ñ╚ñ╬├▒░╠íóí╓Ñ└Ñ╓ÑδÑφÑ≤Ñ░Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔í╫ñ╚ñ╧ 64 Ñ╙Ñ├Ñ╚ñ╬├▒░╠ñ≥╔╜ñ╣ñΓñ╬ñ╚ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-b

8 ┐╩ñ╬Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ≥▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-c

Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ≥├▒░∞Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚╩╕╗·ñ╚▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╩ú┐⌠Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚╩╕╗·ñ╧íóÑ░ÑΘÑ╒ÑúÑ├Ñ»░╩│░ñ╬╩╕╗·ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞░╖ñ∩ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñññ»ñ─ñ½ñ╬Ñ░ÑΘÑ╒ÑúÑ├Ñ»░╩│░ñ╬╩╕╗·ñ╧íó╕└╕∞ñ╬Ñ¿Ñ╣Ñ▒í╝Ñ╫ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúÑ╠Ñδ=``\0''íóÑ╨Ñ├Ñ»Ñ╣Ñ┌í╝Ñ╣=``\b''íó═╤╗µ┴≈ñΩ=``\f''íó╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘=``\n''íóÑΩÑ┐í╝Ñ≤=``\r''íóÑ┐Ñ╓=``\t''íúñ╜ñ╬┬╛ñ╬ñΓñ╬ñ╧íó3 ╖σñ╬ 8 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╕╜ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╬πñ¿ñ╨íó

 
echo "hello world" | od -c 
0000000   h   e   l   l   o       w   o   r   l   d  \n 
0000014

-D

ÑφÑ≤Ñ░Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥╔Σ╣µñ╩ñ╖╜╜┐╩┐⌠ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-d

Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥╔Σ╣µñ╩ñ╖╜╜┐╩┐⌠ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-F

Ñ└Ñ╓ÑδÑφÑ≤Ñ░Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥│╚─Ñ└║┼┘ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-f

ÑφÑ≤Ñ░Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥╔Γ╞░╛«┐⌠┼└ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-O

ÑφÑ≤Ñ░Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥╔Σ╣µñ╩ñ╖ 8 ┐╩ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-o

Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥ 8 ┐╩ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-S

ÑφÑ≤Ñ░Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥╔Σ╣µ╔╒ñ¡╜╜┐╩┐⌠ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-s

Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥╔Σ╣µ╔╒ñ¡╜╜┐╩┐⌠ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-v

ñ╣ñ┘ñ╞ñ╬Ñ╟í╝Ñ┐(╛▄║┘)ñ≥╝¿ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-X

ÑφÑ≤Ñ░Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥ 16 ┐╩ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-x

Ñ∩í╝Ñ╔ñ≥ 16 ┐╩ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

offset ñ╧íó╔╜╝¿ñ¼│½╗╧ñ╡ñ∞ñδ file ñ╬└Φ╞¼ñ½ñΘÑ¬Ñ╒Ñ╗Ñ├Ñ╚ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú─╠╛∩íóoffset ñ╧ 8 ┐╩Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞▓≥╝ßñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú``.''ñ¼─╔▓├ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╛∞╣τíóoffset ñ╧╜╜┐╩┐⌠ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞▓≥╝ßñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú``x''ñ¼─╔▓├ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╛∞╣τíóoffset ñ╧ 16 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞▓≥╝ßñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúoffset ñ¼╛╩╬¼ñ╡ñ∞ñδ╛∞╣τíó``.''ñ¬ñΦñ╙``x''ñ╧íóñ╜ñ∞ñ╛ñ∞╜╜┐╩┐⌠ñ¬ñΦñ╙ 16 ┐╩ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╔╜╝¿ñ╣ñδñ┐ñßñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú``b''ñ¼─╔▓├ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╛∞╣τíóoffset ñ╧íó512 Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ╬Ñ╓ÑφÑ├Ñ»ñ╟▓≥╝ßñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúfile ñ¼╛╩╬¼ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╛∞╣τíóoffset ñ╧``+''ñ╬╕σñ╦┬│ñññ╞ñññ╩ñ▒ñ∞ñ╨ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

╔╜╝¿ñ╧íóÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬╦÷╚°ñ╦├úñ╣ñδñ▐ñ╟┬│ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú

┤─╢¡╩╤┐⌠

POSIX2 ñ≥└▀─Ωñ╖ñ╞ñññδ╛∞╣τñ╧íó-c ñ≥ -t c ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╜Φ═²ñ╖íó╞▒══ñ╦ -s ñ≥ -t d2 ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╜Φ═²ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

╗╚═╤╬π

echo "hello world" | od -t c 0000000 h e l l o w o r l d \n 0000014

echo "hello world" | od -t ax1o1d1 0000000 h e l l o sp w o r l d nl 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 0a 150 145 154 154 157 040 167 157 162 154 144 012 104 101 108 108 111 032 119 111 114 108 100 010 0000014

Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ

/usr/lib/locale/locale/LC_MESSAGES/uxdfm: ╕└╕∞╕╟═¡ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ(environ(5) ñ╬ LANG ╗▓╛╚)

├φ░╒

╖┐╗╪─Ω╗╥ñ¼├═ñ≥╗┼╛σñ▓ñδñ╬ñ╦ñ╡ñΘñ╦Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚┐⌠ñ≥╔¼═╫ñ╚ñ╣ñδñ╚ñ¡ñ╦╞■╬╧ñ¼╜¬╬╗ñ╖ñ╞ñ╖ñ▐ñ├ñ┐╛∞╣τíó-n count Ñ¬Ñ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ╞ñññ╩ñ▒ñ∞ñ╨╞■╬╧ñ≥ NULL Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ╟│╚─Ññ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú-n count Ñ¬Ñ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ╞ñññδ╛∞╣τñ╧íócount Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ└ñ▒ñ≥╜Φ═²ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

od ñ╧ POSIX2 ═╤ñ╦╩╤╣╣ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╖ñ┐íú┐╖ñ╖ññ╖┴╝░(1 ╚╓╠▄ñ╬╖┴╝░)ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú2 ╚╓╠▄ñ╬╖┴╝░ñ╧╛¡═ΦÑ╡Ñ▌í╝Ñ╚ñ╡ñ∞ñ╩ññ▓─╟╜└¡ñ¼ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣íú

├═	╠╛┴░	├═	╠╛┴░	├═	╠╛┴░	├═	╠╛┴░
\000	(nul)	\001	(soh)	\002	(stx)	\003	(etx)
\004	(eot)	\005	(enq)	\006	(ack)	\007	(bel)
\010	(bs)	\011	(ht)	\012	(nl)	\013	(vt)
\014	(ff)	\015	(cr)	\016	(so)	\017	(si)
\020	(dle)	\021	(dcl)	\022	(dc2)	\023	(dc3)
\024	(dc4)	\025	(nak)	\026	(syn)	\027	(etb)
\030	(can)	\031	(em)	\032	(sub)	\033	(esc)
\034	(fs)	\035	(gs)	\036	(rs)	\037	(us)
\040	(sp)	\177	(del)