ed(1)

╖┴╝░

red [-s] [-p string] [-x] [-C] [file]

╡í╟╜└Γ╠└

-s

eíóEíóríów Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╦ñΦñδ╩╕╗·┐⌠ñ╬╜╨╬╧íóe Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ¬ñΦñ╙ q Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╦ñΦñδ┐╟├╟ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕ñ╬╜╨╬╧íó!shell command ñ╬╕σñ╬ ! Ñ╫ÑφÑ≤Ñ╫Ñ╚ñ╬╜╨╬╧ñ≥═▐└⌐ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

-p

ѵí╝Ñ╢ñ¼Ñ╫ÑφÑ≤Ñ╫Ñ╚╩╕╗·╬≤ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╟ñ¡ñδñΦñªñ╦ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╩╕╗·╬≤ñ╦ñ╧╩Σ╜⌡Ñ│í╝Ñ╔Ñ╗Ñ├Ñ╚╩╕╗·ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú

-x

░┼╣µ▓╜ѬÑ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñ╟ñ╣íúñ│ñ∞ñ≥╗╚ñªñ╚ ed ñ╧ X Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥Ñ╖Ñ▀ÑσÑ∞í╝Ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞íóѵí╝Ñ╢ñ╦Ñ¡í╝ñ≥╞■╬╧ñ╣ñδñΦñª═╫╡ßñ╖ñ╞ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬Ñ¡í╝ñ╧ crypt(1) ñ╬ÑóÑδÑ┤ÑΩÑ║Ñαñ╦ñΦñδ░┼╣µ▓╜ñ╚íó░┼╣µñ╬▓≥╞╔ñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúX Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧╞╔ñ▀╝ΦñΘñ∞ñ┐Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ¼░┼╣µ▓╜ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδñ½ñ╔ñªñ½ñ≥╚╜╩╠ñ╣ñδ╡í╟╜ñ¼ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣íúñ▐ñ┐íó░∞╗■Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒ÑíÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñΓíó░┼╣µ▓╜ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣ñ¼íóñ╜ñ∞ñ╦ñ╧ -x ѬÑ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤═╤ñ╦═╤░╒ñ╖ñ┐Ñ¡í╝ñ≥Ñ┐ÑñÑ╫ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúcrypt(1) ñ¬ñΦñ╙ñ│ñ╬╣α╠▄ñ╬╜¬ñΩñ╬├φ░╒ñ╬╣αñΓ╗▓╛╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú

-C

░┼╣µ▓╜ѬÑ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñ╟ñ╣íúed ñ¼ C Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥Ñ╖Ñ▀ÑσÑ∞í╝Ñ╚ñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ≥╜ⁿñññ╞ -x ѬÑ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñ╚╞▒ñ╕ñ╟ñ╣íúC Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó╞╔ñ▀╝ΦñΘñ∞ñδñ╣ñ┘ñ╞ñ╬Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ¼░┼╣µ▓╜ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδñ╚╕½ñ╩ñ╣ñ│ñ╚ñ≥╜ⁿñññ╞íóX Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╞▒ñ╕ñ╟ñ╣íú

ed ñ╧íó╩╘╜╕ñ╣ñδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ≥Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╚ñññª░∞╗■Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╦╩ú╝╠ñ╖íó┴α║εñ≥╝┬╣╘ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú░∞╗■Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╦▓├ñ¿ñΘñ∞ñ┐╩╤╣╣ñ╧íów (╜±ñ¡╣■ñ▀) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥╞■╬╧ñ╣ñδñ▐ñ╟íó╩╘╜╕ñ╣ñδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╦┬╨ñ╖ñ╞ñ╧▓┐ñ╬▒╞╢┴ñΓ╡┌ñ▄ñ╖ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╧1ñ─ñ╖ñ½┬╕║▀ñ╖ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

red ñ╧íóed ñ╬╡í╟╜└⌐╕┬╚╟ñ╟ñ╣íúred ñ╟ñ╧íó╕╜Ñ╟ÑúÑ∞Ñ»Ñ╚ÑΩ╞Γñ╬Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬╩╘╜╕ñ└ñ▒ñ¼▓─╟╜ñ╟ñ╣íú!shell command ñ≥▓≡ñ╖ñ┐Ñ╖ѺÑδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╝┬╣╘ñ╧ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúñ│ñ╬└⌐╠≤ñ≥╟╦ñφñªñ╚ñ╣ñδñ╚íóÑ¿ÑΘí╝ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕(restricted shell)ñ¼╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

ed ñ╚ red ñ╧ñ╔ñ┴ñΘñΓíófspec ñ╬╜±╝░╡í╟╜ñ≥Ñ╡Ñ▌í╝Ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞ñññ▐ñ╣íúfile ñ╬║╟╜Θñ╬╣╘ñ╦╜±╝░╗╪─Ωñ≥╞■ñ∞íóstty -tabs ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ stty tab3 ÑΓí╝Ñ╔(stty(1) ╗▓╛╚)ñ╚ñ╖ñ┐├╝╦÷ñ╟ ed ñ≥╕╞ñ╙╜╨ñ╣ñ╚íófile ñ≥┴÷║║ñ╣ñδñ╚ñ¡ñ╦╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐Ñ┐Ñ╓Ñ╣Ñ╚Ñ├Ñ╫ñ≥╝½╞░┼¬ñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúñ┐ñ╚ñ¿ñ╨íóÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬┬Φ 1 ╣╘ñ¼

 
   <:t5,10,15 s72:> 

ed ñ╦┬╨ñ╣ñδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╣╜┬ññ╧íó0 ╕─íó1 ╕─íóñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ 2 ╕─ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╦ 1 ╩╕╗·ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔╠╛ñ╚ñ╜ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╪ñ╬Ñ╤ÑΘÑßí╝Ñ┐ñ≥┬│ñ▒ñδñ╚ñññªíó├▒╜πñ╟╡¼┬º┼¬ñ╩ñΓñ╬ñ╦ñ╩ñ├ñ╞ñññ▐ñ╣íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╧íóÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñí╞Γñ╬ 1 ñ─░╩╛σñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╔¼═╫ñ╚ñ╣ñδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧ñ╔ñ∞ñΓ╛╩╬¼╗■ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╗²ñ┴ñ▐ñ╣ñ╬ñ╟íó┬┐ñ»ñ╬╛∞╣τíóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╛╩╬¼ñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú

░∞╚╠ñ╦íó1 ╣╘ñ╦ñ╧ 1 ╕─ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ└ñ▒ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íúÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬├µñ╦ñ╧íóÑ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ≥╞■╬╧ñ╟ñ¡ñδñΓñ╬ñ¼ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣íú╞■╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ╧íóÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬┼¼└┌ñ╩░╠├╓ñ╦╞■ñ∞ñΘñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúed ñ¼Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ≥╝⌡ñ▒╞■ñ∞ñ╞ñññδñ╚ñ¡íó╞■╬╧ÑΓí╝Ñ╔ñ╦ñññδíóñ╚ñññññ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬ÑΓí╝Ñ╔ñ╟ñ╧íóÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧╟º╝▒ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú├▒ñ╦╞■╬╧ñ≥╝²╜╕ñ╣ñδñ└ñ▒ñ╟ñ╣íú╞■╬╧ÑΓí╝Ñ╔ñ╧íó╣╘ñ╬╗╧ñßñ╦Ñ╘ÑΩѬÑ╔(.)ñ╚─╛╕σñ╦ <Return> ñ≥╞■╬╧ñ╣ñδñ╚╜¬╬╗ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

ed ñ╧└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜(regular expression)╡¡╦íñ≥íó╕┬─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╖┴ñ╟ñ╣ñ¼Ñ╡Ñ▌í╝Ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞ñññ▐ñ╣íú└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟ñ╧╣╘ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδñ┐ñßñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞íóñóñδ╝∩ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔(ñ┐ñ╚ñ¿ñ╨íó``s'')ñ╟ñ╧╣╘ñ╬ñªñ┴├╓┤╣ñ╣ñδ╔⌠╩¼ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδñ┐ñßñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╧íó╩╕╗·╬≤ñ╬╜╕╣τñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬╩╕╗·╬≤╜╕╣τñ╬═╫┴╟ñ╧íó└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╚í╓░∞├╫ñ╣ñδí╫íóñ╚ñññññ▐ñ╣íú(┤░┴┤ñ╩└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╬╛≡╩≤ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñ╧ grep(1) ñ≥╗▓╛╚)

ed ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ω╩²╝░ñ≥═²▓≥ñ╣ñδñ╦ñ╧íó╛∩ñ╦╕╜║▀╣╘(current line)ñ╚ñññªñΓñ╬ñ¼┬╕║▀ñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ≥├╬ñ├ñ╞ñ¬ñ»╔¼═╫ñ¼ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣íú░∞╚╠┼¬ñ╦╕└ñ├ñ╞íó╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╚ñ╧íóÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╦ñΦñ├ñ╞║╟╕σñ╦║ε═╤ñ≥╝⌡ñ▒ñ┐╣╘ñ╬ñ│ñ╚ñ╟ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╦┬╨ñ╣ñδ╢±┬╬┼¬ñ╩║ε═╤╞Γ═╞ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñ╧íó│╞Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬└Γ╠└╔⌠╩¼ñ╟╜╥ñ┘ñ╞ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╧░╩▓╝ñ╬ñΦñªñ╦ñ╖ñ╞╣╜└«ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

 1.

╩╕╗·``.''ñ╧╕╜║▀╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

 2.

╩╕╗·``$''ñ╧Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

 3.

10 ┐╩┐⌠ n ñ╧Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬ n ╚╓╠▄ñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

 4.

'x ñ╧íóÑ▐í╝Ñ»╠╛ñ≥╔╜ñ∩ñ╣╩╕╗· x ñ╟Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδ╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúx ñ╧ ASCII ╛«╩╕╗· 1 ╩╕╗·(a-z)ñ╚ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╣╘ñ╧╕σ╜╥ñ╣ñδ k Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

 5.

Ñ╣ÑΘÑ├Ñ╖Ñσ(``/'')ñ╟░╧ñ≤ñ└└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╧íó╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╬╝íñ╬╣╘ñ½ñΘÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬╜¬ñΩñ╦╕■ñ▒ñ╞╕í║≈ñ╖íó└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╦░∞├╫ñ╣ñδ╩╕╗·╬≤ñ≥┤▐ñ≤ñ└║╟╜Θñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╔¼═╫ñ╟ñóñ∞ñ╨íó╕í║≈ñ╧Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬└Φ╞¼ñ╦╠ßñ├ñ╞╕╜║▀╣╘ñ▐ñ╟╖╤┬│ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣ñ╬ñ╟íóÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñí┴┤┬╬ñ≥╕í║≈ñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ∞ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñ╧íóÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬╣αñ╬─╛┴░ñ╬├╩═εñ≥╗▓╛╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú

 6.

╡┐╠Σ╔Σ(?)ñ╟░╧ñ≤ñ└└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╧íó╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╬┴░ñ╬╣╘ñ½ñΘÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬└Φ╞¼ñ╦╕■ñ▒ñ╞╕í║≈ñ╖íó└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╦░∞├╫ñ╣ñδ╩╕╗·╬≤ñ≥┤▐ñ≤ñ└║╟╜Θñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╔¼═╫ñ╟ñóñ∞ñ╨íó╕í║≈ñ╧Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬╜¬ñΩñ╦╠ßñ├ñ╞╕╜║▀╣╘ñ▐ñ╟╖╤┬│ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ∞ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñΓíóÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬╣αñ╬─╛┴░ñ╬├╩═εñ≥╗▓╛╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú

 7.

ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╬╕σñ╦Ñ╫ÑΘÑ╣╔Σ╣µ(+)ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧Ñ▐ÑñÑ╩Ñ╣╔Σ╣µ(-)ñ╚ 10 ┐╩┐⌠ñ≥╔╒ñ▒ñ┐ñΓñ╬ñ╧íóñ╜ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╦ 10 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╟╝¿ñ╖ñ┐╣╘┐⌠ñ≥▓├ñ¿ñ╞(ñóñδñññ╧╕║ñ╕ñ╞)╞└ñΘñ∞ñδ╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú.+5 ñ╧ .5 ñ╚╛╩╬¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú

 8.

ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ¼``+''ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧``-''ñ╟╗╧ñ▐ñ├ñ╞ñññδ╛∞╣τíó╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╦┬╨ñ╖ñ╞▓├╗╗ñΣ╕║╗╗ñ¼╣╘ñ∩ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ┐ñ╚ñ¿ñ╨íó-5 ñ╧ .-5 ñ≥░╒╠úñ╣ñδñΓñ╬ñ╚╕½ñ╩ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

 9.

ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ¼``+''ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧``-''ñ╟╜¬ñ├ñ╞ñññδ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╦ 1 ñ≥▓├ñ¿ñδñ½íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ½ñΘ 1 ñ¼║╣ñ╖░·ñ½ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬╡¼┬ºñ╚╛σ╡¡ñ╬╡¼┬º 8 ñ½ñΘíóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ - ñ╧╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╬┴░ñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╣ñ│ñ╚ñ╦ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣(Ñ¿Ñ╟ÑúÑ┐ñ╬░╩┴░ñ╬Ñ╨í╝Ñ╕ÑτÑ≤ñ╚ñ╬╕▀┤╣└¡ñ≥╩▌ñ─ñ┐ñßñ╦íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╞Γñ╬╩╕╗· + ñ╧íó- ñ╚┴┤ñ»╞▒ñ╕░╒╠úñ≥╗²ñ┐ñ╗ñ╞ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣)íúñ╡ñΘñ╦íó╕σ┬│ñ╬``+''ñ¬ñΦñ╙``-''ñ╦ñ╧╬▀└╤╕·▓╠ñ¼ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣ñ╬ñ╟íó-- ñ╧íó╕╜║▀╣╘Ñ▐ÑñÑ╩Ñ╣ 2 ñ≥░╒╠úñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

10.

ѵí╝Ñ╢ñ╬╩╪╡╣ñ≥┐▐ñ├ñ╞íóÑ│Ñ≤Ñ▐(,)ñ╧ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣Ñ┌Ñó 1,$ ñ≥íóÑ╗Ñ▀Ñ│ÑφÑ≤(;)ñ╧ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣Ñ┌Ñó .,$ ñ≥╔╜ñ∩ñ╣ñΓñ╬ñ╚ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó0 ╕─íó1 ╕─íóñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ 2 ╕─ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╔¼═╫ñ╚ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╔¼═╫ñ╚ñ╖ñ╩ññÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδñ╚Ñ¿ÑΘí╝ñ╦ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íú1 ╕─ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ 2 ╕─ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╝⌡ñ▒ñ─ñ▒ñδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╦┬╨ñ╖ñ╞╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ¼┬¡ñΩñ╩ñññ╚íó╛╩╬¼╗■▓≥╝ßñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ¼▓╛─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╦═╛╩¼ñ╩ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó║╟╕σñ╬ñΓñ╬ñ¼╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

╔ß─╠íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╧Ñ│Ñ≤Ñ▐(,)ñ╟╢Φ└┌ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúñ▐ñ┐íóÑ╗Ñ▀Ñ│ÑφÑ≤(;)ñ╟╢Φ└┌ñδñ│ñ╚ñΓñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íúÑ╗Ñ▀Ñ│ÑφÑ≤ñ╟╢Φ└┌ñ├ñ┐╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íóñ▐ñ║║╟╜Θñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ¼╖╫╗╗ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╦ñ╜ñ╬├═ñ¼└▀─Ωñ╡ñ∞íóñ╜ñ╬╕σñ╦┬Φ 2 ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ¼╖╫╗╗ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬╡í╟╜ñ╧íó╜τ╩²╕■ñ¬ñΦñ╙╡╒╩²╕■╕í║≈ñ╬│½╗╧╣╘ñ╬╖Φ─Ωñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣(╛σ╡¡ñ╬╡¼┬º 5. ñ¬ñΦñ╙ 6. ñ≥╗▓╛╚)íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣Ñ┌Ñóñ╬╛∞╣τíó┬Φ 2 ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╧íó┬Φ 1 ñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ¼╗╪ñ╣╣╘ñΦñΩÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñí╞Γñ╦ñ¬ñññ╞╕σñφñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╡ñ╩ñ▒ñ∞ñ╨ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

░╩▓╝ñ╬ ed ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬ÑΩÑ╣Ñ╚ñ╟ñ╧íóÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬┴░ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñññδñ½ñ├ñ│ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╔╜╕╜ñ╬░∞╔⌠ñ╟ñ╧ñ╩ñ»íóñ╜ñ∞ñ¼Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╪ñ╬╛╩╬¼╗■▓≥╝ßñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟ñóñδñ│ñ╚ñ≥╝¿ñ╖ñ╞ñññ▐ñ╣íú

eíóEíófíóríówíóW Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬ file ░·ñ¡┐⌠ñ╧íósh(1) ñ╬╛∞╣τñ╚╞▒══ñ╦Ñ╤Ñ┐í╝Ñ≤Ñ▐Ñ├Ñ┴Ñ≤Ñ░ñ≥╔¼═╫ñ╚ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ∞ñΘñ╬░·ñ¡┐⌠ñ╧íó1 ñ─░╩╛σñ╬╢⌡╟≥ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧Ñ┐Ñ╓ñ╦ñΦñΩÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔╩╕╗·ñ╚╢Φ└┌ñΘñ╩ñ▒ñ∞ñ╨ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

─╠╛∩íó1 ╣╘ñ╦╩ú┐⌠ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥╞■╬╧ñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ╧╟ºñßñΘñ∞ñ╞ñññ▐ñ╗ñ≤ñ¼íó(eíófíóríów ñ≥╜ⁿñ»)Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╦ñ╧╕σñφñ╦ líóníóp ñ≥┼║ñ¿ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡íóñ│ñ╬╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó▓╝╡¡ñ╬ líóníóp Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬└Γ╠└ñ╬ñΦñªñ╦íó╕╜║▀╣╘ñ¼ñ╜ñ∞ñ╛ñ∞íóÑΩÑ╣Ñ╚íó╚╓╣µ╔╒ñ▒íó╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

(.)a text .

append (─╔▓├) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó0 ╣╘░╩╛σñ╬Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ≥╞╔ñ▀╝ΦñΩíóñ│ñ∞ñ≥Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñí╞Γñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ╬╕σñ╦─╔▓├ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧║╟╕σñ╦┴▐╞■ñ╖ñ┐╣╘íóñóñδñññ╧┴▐╞■╣╘ñ¼ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟ñ╧ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ 0 ñ¼╗╚═╤ñ╟ñ¡íóí╓─╔▓├í╫ñ╖ñ┐Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ╧Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬└Φ╞¼ñ╦╞■ñ∞ñΘñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú├╝╦÷ñ½ñΘ╞■╬╧ñ╟ñ¡ñδ 1 ╣╘┼÷ñ┐ñΩñ╬║╟┬τÑ╨ÑñÑ╚┐⌠ñ╧ (╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘╩╕╗·ñ≥┤▐ñßñ╞) LINE_MAX ñ╟ñ╣íúLINE_MAX ñ╧ limits.h ñ╦─Ω╡┴ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

(.)c text .

change (╩╤╣╣) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ≥Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ½ñΘ║∩╜ⁿñ╖íó0 ╣╘░╩╛σñ╬Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ≥Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñí╞Γñ╦├╓ñ¡┤╣ñ¿ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧╞■╬╧ñ╬║╟╕σñ╬╣╘íóñóñδñññ╧╞■╬╧Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ¼ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó║∩╜ⁿñ╡ñ∞ñ╩ñ½ñ├ñ┐║╟╜Θñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

C

ed ñ¼Ñ┐ÑñÑ╫ÑñÑ≤ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐Ñ╠ÑδÑ¡í╝░╩│░ñ╬ e ñ╚ r Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟╞╔ñ▀╝ΦñΘñ∞ñδñ╣ñ┘ñ╞ñ╬Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ≥░┼╣µ▓╜ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδñ╚╕½ñ╩ñ╣ñ│ñ╚ñ≥╜ⁿñññ╞ X Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╞▒ñ╕ñ╟ñ╣íú

(.,.)d

delete (║∩╜ⁿ) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬╣╘ñ≥Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ½ñΘ║∩╜ⁿñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú║∩╜ⁿñ╡ñ∞ñ┐║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╬╝íñ╬╣╘ñ¼╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íú║∩╜ⁿñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ¼íóñΓñ╚ñΓñ╚Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬╜¬ñΩñ╦ñóñ├ñ┐╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó┐╖ñ╖ñ»║╟╜¬╣╘ñ╚ñ╩ñ├ñ┐╣╘ñ¼╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íú

e file

edit (╩╘╜╕) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó╕╜║▀ñ╬Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬╞Γ═╞┴┤╔⌠ñ≥║∩╜ⁿñ╖íófile ñ╬╞Γ═╞ñ≥Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╦╞╔ñ▀╣■ñ▀ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧ Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╦└▀─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ╩ñ½ñ├ñ┐╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó╕╜║▀╡¡▓▒ñ╖ñ╞ñññδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ¼ñóñ∞ñ╨íóñ│ñ∞ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣(f Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥╗▓╛╚)íú╞╔ñ▀╝Φñ├ñ┐╩╕╗·┐⌠ñ¼╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞íóÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ file ñ¼íó╕σñ╦ eíóríów Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟╛╩╬¼╗■ñ╬Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñδ╛∞╣τñ╦╚≈ñ¿ñ╞╡¡▓▒ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúfile ñ╬┬σñΩñ╦``!''ñ≥╗╚ñªñ╚íóñ╜ñ╬╣╘ñ╬╗─ñΩñ╬╔⌠╩¼ñ╧Ñ╖ѺÑδ(sh(1))Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╕½ñ╩ñ╡ñ∞íóñ╜ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ½ñΘñ╬╜╨╬╧ñ¼╞╔ñ▀╝ΦñΘñ∞ñδñ│ñ╚ñ╦ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñªñ╖ñ┐Ñ╖ѺÑδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó╕╜║▀ñ╬Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞ ╡¡▓▒ñ╡ñ∞ñδñ│ñ╚ñ╧ñóñΩñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú▓╝╡¡ñ╬í╓┐╟├╟í╫ñ╬╣αñΓ╗▓╛╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú

E file

Edit (╩╘╜╕) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó║╟╕σñ╬ w Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔░╩╣▀Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╦╩╤╣╣ñ¼▓├ñ¿ñΘñ∞ñ╞ñññδñ½ñ╔ñªñ½ñ╬Ñ┴ѺÑ├Ñ»ñ≥Ñ¿Ñ╟ÑúÑ┐ñ¼╣╘ñ∩ñ╩ññ┼└ñ≥╜ⁿñ¡íóe Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╞▒ñ╕ñ╟ñ╣íú

f file

Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ≥ file ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╛∞╣τíóf Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó╕╜║▀╡¡▓▒ñ╖ñ╞ñññδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ≥ file ñ╦╩╤╣╣ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúfile ñ╬╗╪─Ωñ¼ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó╕╜║▀╡¡▓▒ñ╖ñ╞ñññδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ≥╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

(1,$)g/regular expression/command list

global (╣¡░Φ)Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟ñ╧íóñ▐ñ║íó╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╚░∞├╫ñ╣ñδ┴┤ñ╞ñ╬╣╘ñ≥Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╝íñ╦íóñ│ñ╬│╞╣╘ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞íó╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ¼ñ╜ñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╣ñΦñªñ╦ñ╖ñ╞íó═┐ñ¿ñΘñ∞ñ┐ command list ñ≥╝┬╣╘ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú├▒╞╚ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ÑΩÑ╣Ñ╚ñ╬║╟╜Θñ╬ñΓñ╬ñ╧íó╣¡░ΦÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╞▒ñ╕╣╘ñ╦├╓ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú╩ú┐⌠╣╘ÑΩÑ╣Ñ╚ñ╬║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ≥╜ⁿñ»│╞╣╘ñ╧íó``\''ñ╟╜¬ñ¿ñ╩ñ▒ñ∞ñ╨ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúaíóiíóc Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔╩┬ñ╙ñ╦ñ╜ñ∞ñΘñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╪ñ╬Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ╬╞■╬╧ñ¼╡÷ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╞■╬╧ÑΓí╝Ñ╔ñ≥╜¬╬╗ñ╡ñ╗ñδ . ñ╧ñ╜ñ∞ñ¼ command list ñ╬║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╦═Φñδ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧╛╩╬¼ñ╖ñ╞ñΓ╣╜ñññ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúcommand list ñ¼╢⌡ñ╟ñóñ∞ñ╨íóp Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╞▒ñ╕╞»ñ¡ñ≥ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúcommand list ñ╟ñ╧íóCíóGíóvíóV Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧╗╚═╤ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúí╓├φ░╒í╫ñ¬ñΦñ╙í╓╡í╟╜└Γ╠└í╫ñ╬║╟╕σñ╬├╩═εñ≥╗▓╛╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú

(1,$)G/regular expression/

┬╨╧├╖┐ñ╬ Global (╣¡░Φ) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟ñ╧íóñ▐ñ║╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╚░∞├╫ñ╣ñδñ╣ñ┘ñ╞ñ╬╣╘ñ≥Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╝íñ╦íóñ│ñ╬│╞╣╘ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñ╜ñ╬╣╘ñ≥╜╨╬╧ñ╖íó╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ¼ñ╜ñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╣ñΦñªñ╦ñ╖íó(aíócíóiíógíóGíóvíóV Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥╜ⁿñ») 1 ñ─ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥ѵí╝Ñ╢ñ¼╞■╬╧ñ╣ñδñ╬ñ≥┬╘ñ┴íóñ╜ñ∞ñ≥╝┬╣╘ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúñ╜ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╝┬╣╘╕σíó╝íñ╦Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╣╘ñ╦╞▒══ñ╬ñ│ñ╚ñ≥╣╘ññíóñ│ñ∞ñ≥ñ╣ñ┘ñ╞ñ╬Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╣╘ñ╦┬╨ñ╖ñ╞╖½ñΩ╩╓ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘ñ└ñ▒ñ≥╞■╬╧ñ╣ñδñ╚íóÑ╠ÑδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúñ▐ñ┐íó``&''ñ╧╕╜║▀ñ╬ G Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╕╞ñ╙╜╨ñ╖├µñ╦─╛┴░ñ╦╝┬╣╘ñ╖ñ┐Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥║╞┼┘╝┬╣╘ñ╡ñ╗ñ▐ñ╣íúG Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╝┬╣╘ñ╬░∞╔⌠ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔╞■╬╧ñ╧íóÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñí╞Γñ╬ñ╔ñ╬╣╘ñ≥ñΓ╗╪ñ╣ñ│ñ╚ñΓ╩╤╣╣ñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñΓñ╟ñ¡ñδñ│ñ╚ñ╦├φ░╒ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíúG Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó│ΣñΩ╣■ñ▀Ñ╖Ñ░Ñ╩Ñδ(ASCII ñ╬ <Del> ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ BREAK)ñ╟╜¬╬╗ñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú

h

help (Ñ╪ÑδÑ╫) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó─╛┴░ñ╬ ? ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕ñ╬═²═│ñ≥└Γ╠└ñ╣ñδ├╗ññÑ¿ÑΘí╝ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕ñ≥╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

H

Help (Ñ╪ÑδÑ╫) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδñ╚íóed ñ╧ñ╜ñ∞░╩╣▀ñ╬ ? ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞Ñ¿ÑΘí╝ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕ñ≥╝¿ñ╣ÑΓí╝Ñ╔ñ╦ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúñ▐ñ┐íó─╛┴░ñ╦ ? ñ¼ñóñ∞ñ╨íóñ│ñ∞ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñΓÑ¿ÑΘí╝ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕ñ≥╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúH Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó╞■╬╧ñ╣ñδñ┐ñ╙ñ╦íóñ│ñ╬ÑΓí╝Ñ╔ñ╬ѬÑ≤íóѬÑ╒ñ≥╖½ñΩ╩╓ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╜Θ┤ⁿ├═ñ╧ѬÑ╒ñ╟ñ╣íú

(.)i text .

insert (┴▐╞■) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó0 ╣╘░╩╛σñ╬Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ≥╝⌡ñ▒╔╒ñ▒íó╞■╬╧ñ╖ñ┐Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ≥Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñí╞Γñ╬ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ╬┴░ñ╦┴▐╞■ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧║╟╕σñ╦┴▐╞■ñ╖ñ┐╣╘íóñóñδñññ╧┴▐╞■ñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ¼ñ╩ñ▒ñ∞ñ╨ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ╦ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚ a Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧╞■╬╧Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ¼├╓ñ½ñ∞ñδ░╠├╓ñ¼░█ñ╩ñδñ└ñ▒ñ╟ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ 0 ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ╧ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú├╝╦÷ñ½ñΘ╞■╬╧ñ╟ñ¡ñδ 1 ╣╘ñóñ┐ñΩñ╬║╟┬τÑ╨ÑñÑ╚┐⌠ñ╧(╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘╩╕╗·ñ≥┤▐ñßñ╞) LINE_MAX ñ╟ñ╣íúLINE_MAX ñ╧ limits.h ñ╦─Ω╡┴ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

(.,.+1)j

join (╖δ╣τ) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬╣╘ñ≥╔╘═╫ñ╩╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘╩╕╗·ñ≥╝ΦñΩ╜ⁿñññ╞╖δ╣τñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ≥ 1 ñ─ñ└ñ▒ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ╞ñΓíóñ│ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧▓┐ñΓ╣╘ñññ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

(.)kx

mark (Ñ▐í╝Ñ») Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ≥╠╛┴░ x ñ╟Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúx ñ╧ ASCII ╛«╩╕╗· 1 ╩╕╗·(a-z)ñ╚ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞ 'x ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ╦ñΦñ├ñ╞íóñ│ñ╬╣╘ñ≥╗╪ñ╣ñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧╩╤▓╜ñ╖ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

(.,.)l

list (ÑΩÑ╣Ñ╚) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬╣╘ñ≥ñ╧ñ├ñ¡ñΩñ╚╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúñññ»ñ─ñ½ñ╬╚≤░⌡╜±╩╕╗·(ñ┐ñ╚ñ¿ñ╨íóÑ┐Ñ╓ñΣ╕σ┬α╩╕╗·)ñ╧íó╗δ│╨┼¬ñ╦╡¡▓▒ñ≥╜⌡ñ▒ñδñΦñªñ╩╔╜╡¡ñ╟╔╜ñ∩ñ╡ñ∞íóñ╜ñ╬┬╛ñ╬╚≤░⌡╜±╩╕╗·ñ╧ñ╣ñ┘ñ╞ 8 ┐╩┐⌠ñ╟╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ▐ñ┐íó╣╘ñ¼─╣ñ╣ñ«ñδñ╚ñ¡ñ╧╩ú┐⌠╣╘ñ╚ñ╩ñΩíó│╞╣╘ñ╬╜¬ñ∩ñΩñ╧``$''ñ╟Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúl Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóeíófíóríów ░╩│░ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╕σñ╦╔╒ñ▒ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú

(.,.)ma

move (░▄╞░) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬╣╘ñ≥ a ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ╬╕σñ╦░▄╞░ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúa ñ╦ñ╧ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ 0 ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╟ñ¡íóñ│ñ╬╛∞╣τíóÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬└Φ╞¼ñ╦░▄╞░ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ a ñ¼░▄╞░ñ╡ñ∞ñδ╣╘ñ╬╚╧░╧╞Γñ≥╗╪ñ╖ñ╞ñññδñ╚íóÑ¿ÑΘí╝ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧░▄╞░ñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ╬║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íú

(.,.)n

number (╚╓╣µ) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬╣╘ñ≥ñ╜ñ╬┴░ñ╦╣╘╚╓╣µñ╚Ñ┐Ñ╓ñ≥╔╒ñ▒ñ╞╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ┐║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íún Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóeíófíóríów ░╩│░ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╕σñ╦╔╒ñ▒ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú

(.,.)p

print (╜╨╬╧) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬╣╘ñ≥╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ┐║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúp Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóeíófíóríów ░╩│░ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╕σñ╦╔╒ñ▒ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú╬πñ¿ñ╨íódp ñ╧╕╜║▀╣╘ñ≥║∩╜ⁿñ╖íó┐╖ñ╖ñ»╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╚ñ╩ñ├ñ┐╣╘ñ≥╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

P

Ñ¿Ñ╟ÑúÑ┐ñ╧íóñ╜ñ∞░╩╕σñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╦┬╨ñ╖ñ╞Ñ╫ÑφÑ≤Ñ╫Ñ╚ * ñ≥╜╨ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúP Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó╞■╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñδñ┐ñ╙ñ╦íóñ│ñ╬ÑΓí╝Ñ╔ñ≥ѬÑ≤íóѬÑ╒ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╜Θ┤ⁿ├═ñ╧ѬÑ╒ñ╟ñ╣íú

q

quit (╜¬╬╗) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóed ñ≥╜¬╬╗ñ╡ñ╗ñ▐ñ╣íúÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬╝½╞░╜±ñ¡╣■ñ▀ñ╧╣╘ñ∩ñ∞ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúñ┐ñ└ñ╖íó▓╝╡¡ñ╬í╓┐╟├╟í╫ñ╬╣αñ≥╗▓╛╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú

Q

║╟╕σñ╬ w Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔░╩╣▀Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╦╩╤╣╣ñ≥▓├ñ¿ñ┐ñ½ñ╔ñªñ½ñ≥Ñ┴ѺÑ├Ñ»ñ╗ñ║ñ╦Ñ¿Ñ╟ÑúÑ┐ñ≥╜¬╬╗ñ╡ñ╗ñ▐ñ╣íú

($)r file

read (╞╔ñ▀╣■ñ▀) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╦╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐ file ñ╬╞Γ═╞ñ≥╞╔ñ▀╣■ñ▀ñ▐ñ╣íúÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τíó╕╜║▀╡¡▓▒ñ╖ñ╞ñññδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ¼ñóñ∞ñ╨íóñ╜ñ∞ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣(e ñ╚ f Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔╗▓╛╚)íúfile ñ¼íóed ñ≥╕╞ñ╙╜╨ñ╖ñ╞ñ½ñΘ║╟╜Θñ╦╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ┐Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ╟ñóñδ╛∞╣τñ≥╜ⁿñ¡íó╕╜║▀╡¡▓▒ñ╖ñ╞ñññδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ╧╩╤▓╜ñ╖ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúr ñ╟ñ╧ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ 0 ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╟ñ¡íóñ│ñ╬╛∞╣τíóÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╧Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬└Φ╞¼ñ╪╞╔ñ▀╣■ñ▐ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╞╔ñ▀╣■ñ▀ñ¼ñªñ▐ñ»ñññ»ñ╚╞╔ñ▀╣■ñ≤ñ└╩╕╗·┐⌠ñ¼╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ▐ñ┐íó╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧╞╔ñ▀╣■ñ▐ñ∞ñ┐║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╦ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúfile ñ╬┬σñΩñ╦ ! ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδñ╚íó╞■╬╧╣╘ñ╬╗─ñΩñ╬╔⌠╩¼ñ╧Ñ╖ѺÑδ(sh(1) ╗▓╛╚)Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╕½ñ╩ñ╡ñ∞íóñ╜ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ½ñΘñ╬╜╨╬╧ñ¼╞╔ñ▀╣■ñ▐ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╬πñ¿ñ╨íó$r !ls ñ╧╕╜Ñ╟ÑúÑ∞Ñ»Ñ╚ÑΩñ╬╞Γ═╞ñ≥╩╘╜╕├µñ╬Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬╜¬ñΩñ╦─╔▓├ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬ñΦñªñ╩Ñ╖ѺÑδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó╕╜║▀ñ╬Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ╧ ╡¡▓▒ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

(.,.)s/regular expression/replacement/ ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧

(.,.)s/regular expression/replacement/g ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧

(.,.)s/regular expression/replacement/n n = 1-512

substitute (├╓┤╣) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬│╞╣╘ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╚░∞├╫ñ╣ñδñΓñ╬ñ¼ñóñδñ½ñ╔ñªñ½╕í║≈ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú░∞├╫ñ╣ñδñΓñ╬ñ╬ñóñδ│╞╣╘ñ╟ñ╧íó╣¡░Φ├╓┤╣╗╪╝¿╗╥ g ñ¼Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╕σñ╦ñóñδ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íóñ╣ñ┘ñ╞ñ╬(╜┼╩úñ╖ñ╞ñññ╩ññ)░∞├╫ñ╖ñ┐╩╕╗·╬≤ñ¼ replacement ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╩╕╗·╬≤ñ╦├╓ñ¡┤╣ñ¿ñΘñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúg ñ¼ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó╣╘ñ╬├µñ╟║╟╜Θñ╦░∞├╫ñ╖ñ┐╩╕╗·╬≤ñ└ñ▒ñ¼├╓┤╣ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú┐⌠╗· n ñ¼Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╕σñ╦╕╜ñ∩ñ∞ñ┐╛∞╣τíóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬│╞╣╘ñ╬ n ╚╓ñßñ╦░∞├╫ñ╖ñ┐╩╕╗·╬≤ñ└ñ▒ñ¼├╓┤╣ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬ñ╔ñ╬╣╘ñ╟ñΓ├╓┤╣ñ¼╣╘ñ∩ñ∞ñ╩ñ½ñ├ñ┐╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧Ñ¿ÑΘí╝ñ╚ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íú╢⌡╟≥ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘░╩│░ñ╬ñ╔ñ≤ñ╩╩╕╗·ñ╟ñΓ``/''ñ╬┬σñΩñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ╞└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╚ replacement ñ≥╢Φ└┌ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧├╓┤╣ñ¼╣╘ñ∩ñ∞ñ┐║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╦╗─ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú▓╝╡¡ñ╬Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬╣αñ╬─╛┴░ñ╬├╩═εñΓ╗▓╛╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú

replacement ñ╬╔⌠╩¼ñ╦ÑóÑ≤Ñ╤Ñ╡Ñ≤Ñ╔(&)ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╣ñδñ╚íó╕╜║▀╣╘ñ╟└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╚░∞├╫ñ╣ñδ╩╕╗·╬≤ñ╦├╓┤╣ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ│ñ╟ñ╬``&''ñ╬╞├╝∞ñ╩░╒╠úñ╧íó``\''ñ≥┴░ñ╦├╓ñ»ñ│ñ╚ñ╟═▐└⌐ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñΦñΩ╚╞═╤┼¬ñ╩╡í╟╜ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞íó╩╕╗· \n (ñ│ñ│ñ╟ n ñ╧┐⌠╗·) ñ╧íó╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜╞Γñ╬ n ╚╓╠▄ñ╬``\(''ñ╚``\)''ñ╟░╧ñ▐ñ∞ñ┐╔⌠╩¼╔╜╕╜ñ╚░∞├╫ñ╖ñ┐Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ╦├╓┤╣ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ½ñ├ñ│ñ╟░╧ñ≤ñ└╔⌠╩¼╔╜╕╜ñ¼╞■ñ∞╗╥ñ╖ñ╞ñññδ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íón ñ╧║╕ñ½ñΘ``\(''ñ≥┐⌠ñ¿ñδñ│ñ╚ñ╦ñΦñ├ñ╞╖Φ─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╩╕╗·``%''ñ└ñ▒ñ¼ replacement ñ╦ñóñδ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó─╛┴░ñ╬├╓┤╣Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ┐ replacement ñ¼íó╕╜║▀ñ╬├╓┤╣Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬ replacement ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú1 ╩╕╗·░╩╛σñ╬ replacement ╩╕╗·╬≤ñ╦``%''ñ¼ñóñδ╛∞╣τñΣíó``\''ñ¼┴░ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñññδ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó``%''ñ╧╞├╝∞ñ╩░╒╠úñ≥╗²ñ┐ñ╩ñ»ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íú

╣╘ñ╧íó╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘ñ≥┴▐╞■ñ╖ñ╞╩¼│Σñ╣ñδñ│ñ╚ñ¼ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╣íúreplacement ╞Γñ╟ñ╧╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘ñ╬┴░ñ╦ñ╧╔¼ñ║``\''ñ¼╔╒ñ▒ñΘñ∞ñ╞ñññ╩ñ▒ñ∞ñ╨ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúñ│ñ╬ñΦñªñ╩├╓┤╣ñ╧íóg ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ v Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ÑΩÑ╣Ñ╚ñ╬░∞╔⌠ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╣╘ñªñ│ñ╚ñ╧ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

(.,.)ta

ñ│ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬╣╘ñ¼ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ a (0 ñ╟ñΓ╣╜ñññ▐ñ╗ñ≤) ñ╬╕σñ╦╩ú╝╠ñ╡ñ∞ñδ┼└ñ≥╜ⁿñ¡íóm Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╞▒ñ╕ñΦñªñ╦║ε═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧╩ú╝╠ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐║╟╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╦ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íú

u

undo (╝ΦñΩ╛├ñ╖) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬╞Γ═╞ñ≥╩╤╣╣ñ╖ñ┐─╛┴░ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔íóñ─ñ▐ñΩíó─╛┴░ñ╬ aíócíódíógíóiíójíómíóríósíótíóvíóGíóV Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬║ε═╤ñ≥╠╡╕·ñ╦ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

(1,$)v/regular expression/command list

ñ│ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó║╟╜Θñ╬Ñ╣Ñ╞Ñ├Ñ╫ñ╟Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╡ñ∞ñδ╣╘ñ¼└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╚░∞├╫ñ╖ñ╩ññ╣╘ñ╟ñóñδ┼└ñ≥╜ⁿñ¡íó╣¡░ΦÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ g ñ╚╞▒ñ╕ñ╟ñ╣íú

(1,$)V/regular expression/

ñ│ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó║╟╜Θñ╬Ñ╣Ñ╞Ñ├Ñ╫ñ╟Ñ▐í╝Ñ»ñ╡ñ∞ñδ╣╘ñ¼└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ╚░∞├╫ñ╖ñ╩ññ╣╘ñ╟ñóñδ┼└ñ≥╜ⁿñ¡íó┬╨╧├╖┐╣¡░ΦÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ G ñ╚╞▒ñ╕ñ╟ñ╣íú

(1,$)w file

write (╜±ñ¡╣■ñ▀) Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╚╧░╧ñ╬╣╘ñ≥íó╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐ file ñ╦╜±ñ¡╣■ñ▀ñ▐ñ╣íúÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ¼┬╕║▀ñ╖ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íóÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ║ε└«Ñ▐Ñ╣Ñ»(sh(1) ñ╬ umask Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥╗▓╛╚) ñ¼░█ñ╩ñδ╗╪─Ωñ≥╣╘ñ├ñ╞ñññ╩ññ╕┬ñΩíóÑΓí╝Ñ╔ 666 (├»ñ╟ñΓíó╞╔ñ▀╝ΦñΩíó╜±ñ¡╣■ñ▀▓─╟╜) ñ╟Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ¼║ε└«ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╡¡▓▒ñ╖ñ╞ñññδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ╧íóed ñ≥╕╞ñ╙╜╨ñ╖ñ╞ñ½ñΘ╜Θñßñ╞Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ file ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╛∞╣τñ≥╜ⁿñ¡íó╩╤▓╜ñ╖ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τñ╧íó╕╜║▀╡¡▓▒ñ╖ñ╞ñññδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ¼ñóñ∞ñ╨íóñ╜ñ∞ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣(e Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ¬ñΦñ╙ f Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥╗▓╛╚)íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧╩╤▓╜ñ╖ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íúÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╝┬╣╘ñ¼└«╕∙ñ╣ñδñ╚íó╜±ñ¡╣■ñ≤ñ└╩╕╗·┐⌠ñ¼╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúfile ñ╬┬σñΩñ╦``!''ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδñ╚íó╞■╬╧╣╘ñ╬╗─ñΩñ╬╔⌠╩¼ñ╧Ñ╖ѺÑδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╕½ñ╩ñ╡ñ∞íóñ╜ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╔╕╜α╞■╬╧ñ╦╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╣╘ñ≥┴≈ñΩ╣■ñ▀ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñªñ╖ñ┐Ñ╖ѺÑδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íó╕╜║▀ñ╬Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ╧íó╡¡▓▒ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

(1,$)W file

ñ│ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧íófile ñ¼┬╕║▀ñ╖ñ╞ñññ∞ñ╨ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ╟╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╣╘ñ≥ñ╜ñ╬ file ñ╬║╟╕σñ╦─╔▓├ñ╣ñδ┼└ñ≥╜ⁿñ¡íó╛σ╡¡ñ╬ write Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚╞▒ñ╕ñ╟ñ╣íúfile ñ¼┬╕║▀ñ╖ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τñ╧íów Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñ╬╛σ╜╥ñ╬▓≥└Γñ╬ñΦñªñ╦ñ╖ñ╞║ε└«ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

X

╞■╬╧═╫╡ßñ╦ñΦñΩÑ¡í╝ñ¼╞└ñΘñ∞íóñ╜ñ∞ñ╧┬│ñ» eíóríów Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ¼ crypt(1) ÑóÑδÑ┤ÑΩÑ║Ñαñ╦ñΦñδÑ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ╬░┼╣µ▓╜ñ╚░┼╣µñ╬▓≥╞╔ñ≥ñ╣ñδñ╬ñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúe ñ╚ r Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟╞╔ñ▀╝ΦñΘñ∞ñδÑ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ¼░┼╣µ▓╜ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδñ½ñ╔ñªñ½╚╜╩╠ñ╣ñδ╡í╟╜ñ¼ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣íúÑ╠ÑδÑ¡í╝ñ╧░┼╣µ▓╜ñ≥╜¬╬╗ñ╡ñ╗ñ▐ñ╣íú░·ñ¡┬│ñññ┐ eíóríów Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧ñ│ñ╬Ñ¡í╝ñ≥░┼╣µ▓╜ñóñδñññ╧íó░┼╣µñ╬▓≥╞╔ñ╦╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣(crypt(1) ╗▓╛╚)íú╠└╟≥ñ╩╢⌡╟≥Ñ¡í╝ñ╧░┼╣µ▓╜ñ≥╜¬╬╗ñ╡ñ╗ñ▐ñ╣íúed ñ╬ -x ѬÑ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñΓ╗▓╛╚ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú

($)=

ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ╬╣╘╚╓╣µñ¼╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧ñ│ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟ñ╧╩╤▓╜ñ╖ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

!shell command

``!''ñ╬╕σñ╬╣╘ñ╬╗─ñΩñ╬╔⌠╩¼ñ╧íóÑ╖Ñ╣Ñ╞ÑαÑ╖ѺÑδ(sh(1) ╗▓╛╚) ñ╦┴≈ñΘñ∞íóÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╝┬╣╘ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íúñ╜ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚╞Γñ╟ñ╧íóÑ¿Ñ╣Ñ▒í╝Ñ╫ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññ╩ññ``%''╩╕╗·ñ╧╕╜║▀╡¡▓▒ñ╡ñ∞ñ╞ñññδÑ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ╦├╓ñ¡┤╣ñ¿ñΘñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú``!''ñ¼Ñ╖ѺÑδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬║╟╜Θñ╬╩╕╗·ñ╟ñóñδ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó─╛┴░ñ╬Ñ╖ѺÑδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬Ñ╞Ñ¡Ñ╣Ñ╚ñ╟├╓ñ¡┤╣ñ¿ñΘñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╜╛ñ├ñ╞íó``!!''ñ╧─╛┴░ñ╬Ñ╖ѺÑδÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬╖½ñΩ╩╓ñ╖ñ≥╔╜ñ∩ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú▓┐ñΘñ½ñ╬├╓┤╣ñ¼ñ╩ñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íó├╓┤╣╕σñ╬╣╘ñ¼Ñ¿Ñ│í╝ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╕╜║▀╣╘(.)ñ╧╩╤▓╜ñ╖ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

(.+1)new-line

╞■╬╧╣╘ñ╦ÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣ñ└ñ▒ñ¼╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñδñ╚íóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╡ñ∞ñ┐╣╘ñ¼╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘ñ└ñ▒ñ╬╛∞╣τñ╧ .+1p ñ╚╞▒ñ╕ñ╟ñ╣íúñ│ñ∞ñ╧Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╬╞Γ═╞ñ≥1╣╘ñ║ñ─╕½ñ╞ñññ»╛∞╣τñ╦╩╪═°ñ╟ñ╣íú

│ΣñΩ╣■ñ▀Ñ╖Ñ░Ñ╩Ñδ(ASCII ñ╬ <Del> ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ BREAK)ñ¼┴≈ñΘñ∞ñδñ╚íóed ñ╧``?''ñ≥╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ╞íóed ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔Ñ∞Ñ┘Ñδñ╦╠ßñΩñ▐ñ╣íú

Ñ╡ÑñÑ║ñ╦ñ╧╝íñ╬ñΦñªñ╩└⌐╠≤ñ¼ñóñΩñ▐ñ╣íú1 ╣╘ñ╧ LINE_MAX Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚íó╣¡░ΦÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ÑΩÑ╣Ñ╚ñ╚Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ╠╛ñ╬ PATH_MAX (Ñ╣ÑΘÑ├Ñ╖ÑσñΓ┐⌠ñ¿ñ▐ñ╣) ñ╧║╟┬τ 256 Ñ╨ÑñÑ╚ñ╟ñ╣íúLINE_MAX ñ╚ PATH_MAX ñ╧ limits.h ñ╦─Ω╡┴ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╣╘┐⌠ñ╬└⌐╕┬ñ╧ѵí╝Ñ╢ÑßÑΓÑΩñ╬╬╠ñ╦ñΦñ├ñ╞╖Φñ▐ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúñ┐ñ└ñ╖íó│╞╣╘ñ╧ 1 ╕∞╩¼ñ╬╢⌡┤╓ñ≥═╫ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ≥╞╔ñ▀╝Φñδñ╚ñ¡íóed ñ╧ ASCII ñ╬ NUL ╩╕╗·ñ≥╟╦┤■ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬╜¬ñΩñ╦╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘╩╕╗·ñ¼ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τñ╧íóed ñ¼╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘╩╕╗·ñ≥─╔▓├ñ╖íóñ╜ñ╬ñ│ñ╚ñ≥╝¿ñ╣ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕ñ≥╜╨╬╧ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧├╓┤╣╩╕╗·╬≤ñ╬╩¼╬Ñ╩╕╗·(ñ┐ñ╚ñ¿ñ╨íó``/'')ñ¼íó╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘ñ╬─╛┴░ñ╬╩╕╗·ñ╟ñóñδ╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íóñ╜ñ╬╩¼╬Ñ╩╕╗·ñ╧╛╩╬¼ñ╖ñ╞ñΓñΦñ»íóñ╜ñ╬╛∞╣τíóÑóÑ╔Ñ∞Ñ╣╗╪─Ωñ╖ñ┐╣╘ñ¼╜╨╬╧ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú╜╛ñ├ñ╞▓╝╡¡ñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬┬╨ñ╬░╒╠úñ╧╞▒ñ╕ñ╟ñ╣íú

s/s1/s2

s/s1/s2/p "g/s1" g/s1/p "?s1" ?s1?

Ñ¿ÑΘí╝

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Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔Ñ¿ÑΘí╝

?file

Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ¼ÑóÑ»Ñ╗Ñ╣╔╘╟╜

(╛▄ñ╖ññ└Γ╠└ñ╦ñ─ñññ╞ñ╧íóhelp ñ¬ñΦñ╙ Help Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ≥╗╚═╤ñ╖ñ╞ñ»ñ└ñ╡ññíú)

w Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╟Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñí┴┤┬╬ñ≥╜±ñ¡╣■ñ≤ñ└╕σñ╟Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ╦╩╤╣╣ñ≥▓├ñ¿ñ┐╛∞╣τñ╦ñ╧íóed ñ╧ e Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ q Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╦┬╨ñ╖ñ╞íóed ñ╬Ñ╨Ñ├Ñ╒Ñíñ≥╟╦▓⌡ñ╖ñΦñªñ╚ñ╖ñ╞ñññδñ│ñ╚ñ≥╖┘╣≡ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúñ╣ñ╩ñ∩ñ┴íó? ñ≥╜╨╬╧ñ╖íó╩╘╜╕ñ≥┬│╣╘ñ╟ñ¡ñδñΦñªñ╦ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íúñ│ñ╬╗■┼└ñ╟║╞┼┘ e ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ q ñ≥╞■╬╧ñ╣ñδñ╚íóñ│ñ∞ñ╧═¡╕·ñ╦ñ╩ñΩñ▐ñ╣íúÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔╣╘ѬÑ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ -s ñ≥╗╪─Ωñ╣ñδñ╚íóñ│ñ╬Ñ┴ѺÑ├Ñ»╡í╟╜ñ¼═▐└⌐ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ

$TMPDIR

ñ│ñ╬┤─╢¡╩╤┐⌠ñ¼Ñ╠Ñδñ╟ñ╩ññ╛∞╣τíó░∞╗■║ε╢╚Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬ñ┐ñßñ╬Ñ╟ÑúÑ∞Ñ»Ñ╚ÑΩ╠╛ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞ /var/tmp ñ╬┬σñΩñ╦ñ│ñ╬╩╤┐⌠ñ╬├═ñ¼╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

/var/tmp

/var/tmp ñ¼┬╕║▀ñ╣ñ∞ñ╨íó░∞╗■║ε╢╚Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬ñ┐ñßñ╬Ñ╟ÑúÑ∞Ñ»Ñ╚ÑΩ╠╛ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

/tmp

┤─╢¡╩╤┐⌠ TMPDIR ñ¼┬╕║▀ñ╖ñ╩ñ½ñ├ñ┐ñΩÑ╠Ñδñ╟ñóñδ╛∞╣τíó/var/tmp ñ¼┬╕║▀ñ╖ñ╩ñ▒ñ∞ñ╨íó/tmp ñ¼░∞╗■║ε╢╚Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬ñ┐ñßñ╬Ñ╟ÑúÑ∞Ñ»Ñ╚ÑΩ╠╛ñ╚ñ╖ñ╞╗╚═╤ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

ed.hup

├╝╦÷ñ¼Ñ╧Ñ≤Ñ░ÑóÑ├Ñ╫ñ╖ñ┐╛∞╣τíó║ε╢╚├µñ╬Ñ╟í╝Ñ┐ñ¼ñ│ñ│ñ╦╩▌┬╕ñ╡ñ∞ñ▐ñ╣íú

/usr/lib/locale/locale/LC_MESSAGES/uxcore.abi

╕└╕∞╞├═¡ñ╬ÑßÑ├Ñ╗í╝Ñ╕Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδ(environ(5) ñ╬ LANG ñ≥╗▓╛╚)

┤╪╧ó╣α╠▄

├φ░╒

░┼╣µ▓╜ѬÑ╫Ñ╖ÑτÑ≤ñ╚Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧╡í╠⌐╩▌╕ε┤╔═²Ñµí╝Ñ╞ÑúÑΩÑ╞Ñúñ╚ñ╚ñΓñ╦╢í╡δñ╡ñ∞íó╩╞╣±╞Γ░╩│░ñ╟ñ╧╗╚═╤ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

! Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╧ g ñ▐ñ┐ñ╧ v Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ╬┬╨╛▌ñ╦ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

! Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ¬ñΦñ╙ eíóríów Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ½ñΘñ╬ ! ñ╦ñΦñδÑ¿Ñ╣Ñ▒í╝Ñ╫ñ╧íóÑ¿Ñ╟ÑúÑ┐ñ≥╕┬─Ω╚╟Ñ╖ѺÑδ(sh(1) ╗▓╛╚)ñ½ñΘ╕╞ñ╙╜╨ñ╖ñ┐╛∞╣τñ╧╗╚═╤ñ╟ñ¡ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

└╡╡¼╔╜╕╜╞Γñ╬ \n ñ╧╔ⁿ╡ó▓■╣╘╩╕╗·ñ╚░∞├╫ñ╖ñ▐ñ╗ñ≤íú

Ñ¿Ñ╟ÑúÑ┐ñ╪ñ╬╞■╬╧ñ¼Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ½ñΘñ╬ñΓñ╬ñ╟ñóñδñ╚ñ¡(ñ╣ñ╩ñ∩ñ┴íóed file < ed_cmd_file)íóÑ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔Ñ╒ÑíÑñÑδñ╬├µñ╬Ñ│Ñ▐Ñ≤Ñ╔ñ¼░█╛∩╜¬╬╗ñ╣ñδñ╚íóñ╜ñ╬╗■┼└ñ╟Ñ¿Ñ╟ÑúÑ┐ñ╧╜¬╬╗ñ╖ñ▐ñ╣íú

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