Contents

TERRAIN MODULE

1.	Installation

2.	Evaluation Versions and Available Functions

3.	Technical Reference

4.	Software License Agreement

5.	Softree


Installation

1.	Single User Installation from CD ROM

2.	Security Hardlock Installation

3.	Updating or Installing from the Internet

4.	Network Installation


Single User Installation from CD ROM

The following section describes the basic installation procedure for a single user configuration. For more information about installing on a Network see Network Installation.

Installing in Windows 95

1. Insert CD ROM in drive E: (or the appropriate letter of your CD ROM Drive).

2. From the Start button select Run, enter E:\disk1\setup in the command line field.

Installing in Windows NT 4.0

1. Insert CD ROM in drive E: (or the appropriate letter of your CD ROM Drive).

2. From the Start button select Run, enter E:\disk1\setup in the command line field.

Installing in Windows 3.1.

1. Startup Windows.

2. Insert CD ROM in drive E: (or the appropriate letter of your CD ROM Drive).

3. From the Windows Program Manager Run menu enter E:\disk1\setup in the command line field.

The installation procedure will take about 5 minutes and will prompt you for information about where to install files. After installation, the Softree icons appear in the Softree Group Window.

Before using the program in Full Function mode you must install the Security Hardlock.


Updating or Installing from the Internet

The software is periodically updated (minor enhancements and corrections to reported problems). It is possible to download these updated versions at any time from the Softree web site (www.softree.com).

To download and install a new version.

1. Create a directory on your hard drive to contain the installation files eg. C:\Softree.

2. Using your Internet browser (Netscape or Internet Explorer) access the Download area of the Softree web page (www.softree.com).

3. Follow instructions on the web page to download the new version and save it in the directory created in step 1.

Downloading can take from 5- 30 minutes depending on your Internet connection.

4. After downloading is complete you will have a self expanding zip file, Softree.exe.

5. Double click on file Softree.exe. This will expand it and create directories disk1, disk2 ... etc.

The next step depends on the operating system you are using.

Windows 95 or Windows NT

6. From the Start button select Run, enter C:\Softree\disk1\setup in the command line field (assuming you downloaded to directory C:\Softree).

Windows 3.1.

6. From the Windows Program Manager Run menu, enter C:\Softree\disk1\setup in the command line field (assuming you downloaded to directory C:\Softree).


Security Hardlock Installation

If the Security Hardlock key is not properly installed the program will run in Demonstration Mode.

To install the Security Hardlock key.

1) Attach the key to any parallel port (LPT1 or LPT2).

The security key can be plugged directly or attached with a cable to the port. A printer can also be attached to the key. The key will not effect the printer operation with other programs.

2) Install the Rainbow security driver software.

Windows 95 or Windows NT

From the Start button select Run, enter C:\Roadeng\Drivers\setup.exe in the command line field (assuming you installed the software into directory C:\Roadeng).  NOTE: it  may be necessary to reboot after installing the driver

Windows 3.1.

From the Windows Program Manager Run menu enter C:\Roadeng\Drivers\setup.exe in the command line field (assuming you installed the software into directory C:\Roadeng). NOTE: it  may be necessary to reboot after installing the driver

NOTES:

You should remove the security hardlock prior to using any external tape drives, zip drives or backup devices. Failure to do so may damage the key.

The HARDLOCK doesn't have to be attached to the same port as the printer. It is often convenient to attach the key on an extra parallel port. The hardlock security key is transparent to printers, however in some cases the printer must be turned on for the key to work.

Customers who have purchased (or leased) the software will receive one key per copy licensed to them. It is possible (and acceptable under the terms of the license agreement) to install the Softree software on many computers and move the key(s) around depending on which computers are most convenient to use (i.e. home or office). One key will allow one user to use the Softree software at any given time.

Customers who have a network license may have to install a key on each work station where the software will be used, unless they have purchased a network license.


Network Installation

Overview

The network versions of the RoadEng/98 software are protected against unlicensed use with Rainbow Technologies' Net Sentinel C (TM)  hardware key. The installation of the key and associated software is described in this document.

Installing the Net Sentinel C key on one computer (security server) allows multiple users to run RoadEng on other networked workstations. The key is programmed to allow a maximum number of concurrent users.

In addition to the Net Sentinal C key, you will need to install supplemental networking software.

Portable Drivers  (from the \Drivers directory on the release CD)

Security Server Software (from the \Netinel\Server directory on the release CD)

This supplemental software is also downloadable from the Softree internet site at www.softree.com or directly from Rainbow technologies at www.rnbo.com

Installation

1.	Select the Security Server computer.

Choose a computer (Security Server) where the Net Sentinel C (TM) key will be attached (on a parallel port). This computer is usually a network file server but it can be any computer that is always connected to the network.

2.	Verify Network Operating System(s)

The Security Server should be running one of:
                     Novell Netware,
                     Windows NT
                     Windows 95 or 98
Other network operating systems such as DOS, OS2 and Windows 3.1 are supported but not explicitly documented here; see the Rainbow Technologies Guide, \Netinel\Guide\nsconfig.pdf (Adobe Acrobat format), for more information.

The RoadEng Workstations must be running one of
                    Windows 3.1
                    Windows NT
                    Windows 95 or 98

3.	Verify Network Protocol

The table below shows supported network protocols. The protocol must be installed on the Security Server computer and on any workstation that will run RoadEng.

Security Server OS	Protocol
Novell NetWare	IPX/SPX
Windows NT	IPX/SPX
Windows NT	NetBIOS=NetBEUI
Windows 95	NetBIOS=NetBEUI
NOTE: If your network has workstations connected running Windows 98, 95 or 3.1 you must have NetBEUI as the DEFAULT protocol.

4.	Install the Net Sentinel C Key

Attach the Net Sentinel C key to the parallel port of the Security Server. A printer may be attached to the back of the key if desired.

5.	Install the Portable Drivers

The Portable Drivers can be found in the \Drivers directory of the RoadeEng/98 release CD. Installation of the Portable Drivers depends on the operating system of the Security Server computer.

5a) Novell Netware no Portable Drivers are required.

5b) Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98: run \Drivers\Setup.exe from the installation CD this will silently install or update the driver. Reboot your computer. (For more information see \Drivers\Readme.txt.)

6.	Install the Security Server Software

Installation of the Security Server Software depends on the operating system of the Security

Server computer.

6a) Novell Netware: load \Netinel\Server\Nlm\Nsrvni.nlm

6b) Windows NT: copy \Netinel\Server\Win32\Nssrvice.exe into your services directory and run it with the /I option. See \Netinel\Server\Nssrvice.txt for details.

6c) Windows 95/98: copy \Netinel\Server\Win32\Nsrvgx.exe to your hard drive and put its shortcut in your Startup folder (this will ensure that it runs when Windows 95/98 starts). Restart Windows 95/98 or run Nsrvgx.exe explicitly.

7.	Install the RoadEng software on each workstation

RoadEng must be installed with Multi user network key selected (type F1 during installation for further information). This sets Network=1 in your Roadeng.ini file.

If the RoadEng software starts in Demonstration Mode or if it displays a Demonstration Mode error the key or security server software is malfunctioning. The following items may help you pinpoint the problem.

Identifying Network Problems

When a network problem is encountered the first step is to check to make sure the RoadEng Net Key Server is running on the RoadEng Work Station. The Roadeng Net Key Server must be running for a RoadEng application to access the key over a network.

To determine if the Roadeng Net Key Server is running look for the icon shown below.

If it is not running, Network=1 is not set in your ROADENG.INI file (in the Windows directory of the workstation computer).

A mouse click (right mouse in Windows 95/98 or NT 4.0) on the Roadeng Net Key Server icon allows you to select About Key Server to read any error messages in the status box.

The most common causes of trouble.

1. The Workstation and Security Server are not properly connected over the network.  To verify that they are properly connected check the "network neighborhood" on each computer includes the other computers. This problem is not related to RoadEng or the security software.

2. The key is not plugged in to the parallel port of the Security Server computer.

3. The Portable Driver has not been installed properly on the Security Server computer. Check the installation instructions. Did you reboot?

4. The Security Server Software has not been properly installed on the Security Server computer. Check the installation instructions.

If you are running NT and you installed the Security Server Software service directly from the CD it will only start if the CD is available at boot time; to fix this problem you must uninstall the service and reinstall from a copy on the hard drive.

5. RoadEng was not installed on the workstations with Multi user network key selected. In this case Network=1 is not set in your ROADENG.INI file in the Windows directory of the workstation computer. In this situation the Roadeng Security Key server will not be running.

6. Too many people are already running Roadeng, license limit exceeded.

7. Printer conflicts.

There is a connector on the back of the key to allow a printer to connect through the key to the parallel port. In most cases the hardware key will be transparent to the printer and vice versa.

Make sure the printer is turned on before you run the security server software. If you still have problems, temporarily disconnect the printer cable from the back of the key; if your problem is fixed, you may need to choose another computer for your printer, choose another computer for your key or install another parallel port.

8. Wrong key found

If you have more than one network key, you should understand the use of the /DN option. You use this option to name the security server to prevent Roadeng software from accessing the wrong key (perhaps over a WAN). One of our customers found that the Softree software at his office was using the hardware key in another city over the company Wide Area Network; this was unacceptably slow. Two steps are required to use this option:

a) Use the /DN: switch in the command line of the security server software to assign it a department name (up to 7 characters). For example:

NetWare:	load Nsrvni.nlm /DN:mydept

Win95:	Nsrvgx.exe /DN:mydept

NT Service:	Nssrvice.exe /I /DN:mydept

b) Add the same department name to the ROADENG.INI file (in your Windows directory) on all workstations where access to this security server desired:

[Roadeng]

...

network=1

NetDepartmentName=mydept

...

The default department name is "netinel". There is no need to change from the default if you only have one key and therefore only one security server.

9. Intermittent Demonstration Mode error.

When large numbers of users are running RoadEng concurrently (within license limits) intermittent Demonstration Mode errors can occur. We recommend you set the session limit to 6 to prevent multiple users from interfering with each other. This is particularly important in a classroom situation.

For example:

Netware:	load Nsrvni.nlm /S:6

Win95:	(no longer available - built in to latest version)

NT Service:	Nssrvice.exe /I /SN:6

10. When All Else Fails...

There is an extensive document on your Security Server Software disk (Netinel\guide\nsconfig.pdf) that covers many topics not discussed here.


Evaluation Versions and Available Functions

The Terrain module is divided into function groups such as digitizing, profiles, terrain modelling, volumes etc.  Depending on your purchase or evaluation agreement, you will have the privilege to use each function group in either Demonstration mode or

Full Function mode.

To enable or disable function groups, use the Menu Customize dialog box.


Demonstration Mode
In demonstration mode, certain limitations are placed on the system (such hard copy output is disabled and the option to save design work is disabled).

You will be warned that you are running in demonstration mode when you startup any module. If you have already started up a module, you can determine if you are running in demonstration mode as follows.

1) Click on the tool bar About Button.

2) The About Box will appear with the text DEMONSTRATION MODE.


Full Function mode
In full function mode all enabled function groups are fully available.

To determine if you are in full function mode.

1) Click on the tool bar About Button.

2) The About Box will appear without the text DEMONSTRATION MODE.


Function Groups

The following function groups are available.

1.	Mapping and Drafting Function Group

2.	Digitizing Function Group

3.	Import Function Group

4.	Export Function Group

5.	Multi-plot Output Sheet Generator Function Group

6.	Profile Window Function Group

7.	Profile Drafting and Design Function Group

8.	Surface Generation and Contouring Function Group

9.	Volume Calculation and Reporting Function Group

10.	Cable Analyis Function Group

11.	Enhanced Mapping and Drafting


Mapping and Drafting Function Group

Provides functions for creating or editing features with the mouse.  It also includes functions for formating (annotation, linetypes, symbols hatching etc.) and manipulation (move, size, rotate, break, join etc.).

Enabling and disabling function groups is done in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Digitizing Function Group

Provides functions to support digitizing.

Enabling and disabling function groups is doine in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Import Function Group

Provides functions which allow you to import files in various formats (DXF, ASCII, bitmap images etc.

Enabling and disabling function groups is doine in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Export Function Group

Provides functions which allow you to export files in various formats (DXF, ASCII etc.).

Enabling and disabling function groups is doine in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Multi-plot Output Sheet Generator Function Group

Provides functions which allow you to create output sheets with legends, title blocks, scale bars, images etc.

Enabling and disabling function groups is doine in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Profile Window Function Group

Provides functions which allow you to create one or more profile windows to display projected or intersected features in profile.

Enabling and disabling function groups is done in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Profile Drafting and Design Function Group

Provides functions to allow you to create or edit features in profile.

Enabling and disabling function groups is doine in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Surface Generation and Contouring Function Group

Provides functions which allow you to create surface models (TIN models) and generate contours.

Enabling and disabling function groups is doine in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Volume Calculation and Reporting Function Group

Provides functions to calculate and report cut/fill volumes.

Enabling and disabling function groups is doine in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Cable Analyis Function Group

Provides functions for analysing cable logging systems. Including line tensions, payload and clearances.

Enabling and disabling function groups is doine in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Enhanced Mapping and Drafting

Provides the following functions.

1) Adding curves to features.

2) Feature Buffering

3) Feature Clipping

Enabling and disabling function groups is doine in the Menu Customization Dialog Box. See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Software License Agreement

Definitions
1.0 The term "Software" as used in this License Agreement means the full system, sample and utility programs contained in the disks in this package, together with any updates subsequently supplied by Softree Technical Systems Inc. (Softree)
1.2 The term "Software Copies" means actual copies of all or any portion of the software, including backups, updates, merged or partial copies permitted hereunder or subsequently supplied by Softree.
1.3 The term "Related Materials" means all the printed materials provided in this package or later supplied by Softree for use with software.

PERMITTED USES
You may:
-Use the software on a single computer (or its replacement).
-Install the software onto a permanent storage device (a hard disk drive) as detailed in the instructions contained in the user manual.
-Make up to three backups copies of the Software provided by Softree, provided they are used only for backups purposes, and you keep possession of the backups. In addition, all the information appearing on the original disk labels (including the copy right notice) must be copied onto the backups labels.

You agree that the Software, Software copies and Related Materials are the valuable property of Softree and embody substantial creative effort, confidential information, copyrighted works and trade secrets of Softree, all of which at all times remain the sole and exclusive property of Softree. This License Agreement gives you certain limited rights to use the Software, Software Copies and Related Materials. You do not become the owner and Softree retains title to all the Software, Software Copies and Related Materials. Except as specifically permitted by this license Agreement, you agree not to use for your own benefit, publish or otherwise disclose to others or permit the use by others for their benefit or to the detriment of Softree, any such Software, Software Copies, or Related Materials. In addition, you agree to use reasonable efforts to protect the Software, and Softree's exclusive ownership thereof, from unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution, or publication.

All rights not specifically granted in this License Agreement are reserved by Softree.

USES NOT PERMITTED
You shall not:
-	Rent, lease, lend, sub-license, or transfer the Software, Software Copies, or Related Materials, or your rights under this Agreement.
- Alter, decompile, disassemble, or reverse-engineer the Software.
-	Remove or obscure the Softree Copyright and Trademark notices.

TERM
This License Agreement is effective from the day you open the sealed disk package or install the software. Your License Agreement continues indefinitely or until you uninstall the software and return to Softree, all related materials which you have recieved from Softree, including documentation and security key. If you breach this License Agreement, you agree that Softree can terminate this License upon notifying you in writing. You will be required to return all Software Copies and Related Materials. We can also enforce our other legal rights.

DISCLAIMER
Softree does not warrant the operation of the program will be uninterrupted or error free. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The entire risk as to the suitability and performance of the program and any designs developed with the aid of the program is with you.

GENERAL
This License Agreement represents our entire understanding and agreement regarding Software, Software Copies and Related Materials. You may not sublicense, assign or transfer the license or the program except as expressly provides in this agreement. Any attempt otherwise to sublicense, assign, or transfer any rights duties or obligations hereunder is void. This agreement will be governed by the laws of the Province of British Columbia.

By opening the sealed disk package or by downloading the package from the internet, you acknowledge that you have read this License Agreement, understand it, and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions. You further agree that it is the complete and exclusive agreement between us which supersedes any proposal or prior agreement, oral or written and any other communications between us relating to the subject matter of this License Agreement.


Technical Reference

1.	Project Units, Scales, and Coordinates

2.	Customizing Menus

3.	Features

4.	Windows

5.	Mapping and Drafting

6.	Working with a Digitizer

7.	Importing Data

8.	Terrain Modelling

9.	Menus

10.	Dialogs

11.	Files

12.	Technical Notes


Project Units, Scales, and Coordinates

Units

Support is provided for both metric and imperial (feet) units. When you install the system you will be prompted to enter the project units. While you are using the system, the length measurements are always referred to as project units unless otherwise noted. Similarly areas and volumes are referred to as square project units and cubic project units. In some cases areas are reported in hectares (or acres), and volumes can be reported in cubic yards for imperial units. Consult the appropriate section of this documentation for more information about area and volume units.

Changing the project units after installation can be accomplished in the Module - Setup menu (or by changing the ROADENG.INI file).

NOTE: Existing project values are not converted when switching between imperial and metric project units. To change units for a traverse see Distance Conversion Dialog in the Survey/Map module.

Scales

All the Softree modules work with natural scales eg. 1:20000 (1 displayed unit = 20000 actual units). If you work with mixed scales e.g.. 1 inch = 100 feet, you must convert this to a natural scale e.g. 1:1200.

Coordinates

Terrain works with Cartesian coordinates such as UTM.  To imporve accuracy, coordinates are stored relative to a datum.  The Datum is automatically assigned by the Terrain module.  Generally, the existance of the datum will be transparent to the user.  However, if the coordinates span a large range, an error message will appear ("Warning: coordinates differ from datum - accuracy loss").  This indicates that the range of coordinates in the file exceeds 100,000 project units.

NOTE: This datum is stored in the *.DLT file which accompanies a Terrain (.TER) file.  If this file is lost information in the Terrain will be shifted by the datum amount.


Customizing Menus

To add or remove menu items.

1) Select menu Module - Setup

2) Select button Menus.  This will activate the Menus Customization dialog box.

See Evaluation Versions and Available Functions for more information.


Features

A feature is a collection of points such as a contour line, a lake boundary or spot elevation point. Bitmap images are also considered to be features (in this case the corners are the points). Many operations in Terrain apply to features or groups of features such as formatting, moving, deleting etc.

Features Points

Features contains 1 or more coordinate points (x,y,z,comment). The maximum length of a comment is 25 characters.

Feature Name

Each feature has a unique name consisting of an 8 character Alphanumeric Id portion and a Numeric Id. It is possible to have more than 1 feature with the same Alphanumeric ID eg STREAM-1, STREAM-2 etc.  The feature name is not case sensitive ie "F1" = "f1".

Current Feature and Current Point

Throughout the Terrain module the concept of current point and current feature is used.

The Current Point is displayed in the plan and profile windows with a red cross. The Current Feature is the feature containing the current point. The current feature is displayed in the Profile Window. Information in the Status Window relates to the current feature and current point.

Changing the current point and feature can be done using the mouse.

Feature Properties

The following topics describe the properties of features.

1.	Connected and Unconnected Features

2.	Elevation, Draped and Breakline Features

3.	Hidden Features

4.	Bitmap Features


Connected and Unconnected Features

Connected Features

In a connected feature the points are joined by a lines. Example of connected features are contours, streams, roads etc.

Unconnected Features

Unconnected features appear in the Plan Window as a set of isolated points. Is often useful to group points together into unconnected features. Displaying points in a single unconnected feature is generally faster than displaying the points as individual features.

An example of an unconnected feature is a regular grid (rows and columns of xyz points) which has been imported into the terrain module. It will be display much faster when stored as a single feature.

Connected features can be selected by clicking on any line segment.  Whereas unconnected features can only be selected by clicking on one of the points.


Elevation, Draped and Breakline Features

Elevation Features

Elevation features have a z value defined at each point. Elevation features will display in the Profile Window when they are the current feature.

When a Terrain Model is created, elevation features form the triangle vertices. Thus when an elevation feature is modified or deleted and a Terrain Model exists the model is cleared. A Breakline Feature is an elevation feature used in Terrain Modelling to identify an abrupt slope change (discontinuity) such as the edge of a road.

Draped Features

Draped features (No Elevation features) have no defined z value at points. The elevation at each point is arbitrarily given the value -9999.0.

Draped Features are not used to define a Terrain Model. If a Terrain Model exists, the elevations of a draped feature are taken from the model. See Terrain Modelling for more information about the determination of elevations and TIN points for draped features.

NOTE: It is possible to change between Elevation and Draped Features using the Feature Properties Dialog.


Hidden Features

Hidden features will not be displayed unless they are selected.

To hide a feature.

1) Select the feature.

2) Activate Feature Properties Dialog Box from menu Edit - Modify selected Features - Properties

3) Disable the Display checkbox.

NOTE: Features that are hidden can not be selected using the mouse. Use the Select Features by Name Dialog to turn on the display of a hidden feature.


Bitmap Features

Bitmaps may be included in a Terrain File using menu File - Import - Bitmap Images. JPG, BMP and TIF formats are supported.

The properties such as location, pixel size, rotation etc. of the bitmap can be set in the Bitmap Image Options Dialog.

To select a bitmap click on its border. When a bitmap is selected, its border will be displayed in magenta.

NOTES

1) The largest size of a bitmap is approximately 15 megabytes (after the image has been uncompressed).  If you wish to work with images larger than this, they must be split into two or more files.

2) When a bitmap is imported a link to the file path of the bitmap file (*.bmp or *.jpg) is included in the Terrain. If the bitmap file is moved or deleted this link will become invalid. In this case you will be prompted for the location of the image file.

3) For TIF format only, if the image doesn't fit in the the 15Mb limit (see above), it is automatically resampled on a courser spacing, until the image is small enough to fit.  This may produce an image which is dificult to read.  In this case, the image should be read intoa

4) For TIF images only, if georeference information is included with the file (for example USGS DRG) this information is read in and used to position the image.

5) File compression is not supported with TIF.


Area Property

The area property is used to control how areas are accumulated.   If a feature has a negative area property its area is considered negative.  Area tolals have negative features subtracted instead of added.  This property is useful for excluding 'islands' from area calculations.

The default area property is positive areas.


Windows

The following windows are available.

Plan Window	Display and modification of the features in plan view
Profile Window	Display and modification of the features in profile view
Status Window	Textual information about the current point and current feature
Multi-Plot Window	Create output sheets e.g. Plan/Profile.

The window paramaters can be save for future use in a Layout File.


Plan Window

The Plan Window is used to display and interactively modify the features.

Creating and Configuring the Plan Window

1) To create a new plan window select menu Window - New Window - Plan.  A maximum of 4 plan windows can be created.

2) To Configure the Plan Window activate it by clicking on its title bar. Select menu View - Active Window (Plan) Options. To save these options for future see Layout Files.


Profile Window

The Profile Window provides facilities for displaying and editing features in profile.

The profile window is a fence section taken along a user specified feature (Fence Section Feature).  It is possible to display other Intersected and Projected features in the Profile window.

Creating and Configuring the Profile Window

1) To create a new profile window select menu Window - New Window - Profile. A maximum of 10 Profile Windows can be created.

2) To configure the Profile Window, activate it by clicking on its title bar. Select menu View - Active Window (Profile) Options. To save these options for future use, see Layout Files.


Profile Window Labels

The following labels can be displayed in the profile window.

Comments (at feature points)

If selected, the comment field will be displayed.

Culvert Size If selected, culvert size will be displayed. Culvert Labels come from traverse documents imported into TERRAIN from the SURVEY/MAP module. See Importing Traverse and Map Data.

dZ

If selected, the change in elevation between consectutive points on a feature is displayed.

dLength

If selected, the change in length between consectutive points on a feature is displayed. Note this is a 3D length, which will match the profile length if the feature lies on the fence section.

Elevations

If selected, the elevation at each point will be displayed. If the feature is a draped TIN points will be included.

Floating Labels Labels

If selected, Floating Labels will be displayed. See Adding Floating Labels.

Grades Labels

If selected, the % grade between points will be displayed. If the feature is a draped feature, grades will be displayed between TIN points.

Total HD (station)

If selected, the total horizontal distance between points will be displayed.

To select Profile Window labels for display.

1. Choose menu View - Active Window (Profile) Options.

2. Click on the "+" symbol beside Labels.

3. This will pop up the Label Selection and formatting dialog.

For more information on label formating see Label Selection and formatting dialog.


Projected Features

Projected Feature (Plan View)


Intersected Features

Intersected Feature (Plan View)


Status Window

The Status Window is used to report information about the current point, current feature and other statistics about the Terrain file.

The Profile Window provides facilities for displaying features in profile.

Creating and Configuring the Status Window

1) To create a new Profile Window select menu Window - New Window - Status. Only one Status Window can be created.

2) To configure the Status Window, activate it by clicking on its title bar. Select menu View - Active Window (Status) Options. To save these options for future use, see Layout Files.

Note: The Status Windows text size will change depending on the size of the window. This has been designed this way to enable you to read the Status Window while you are a distance away from the screen digitizing.


Status Window Fields

The following fields may be included in the Status Window using the Display List Option in the Status Window Options Dialog Box.

Area - Reports the area enclosed by the current feature. If the current feature is not a closed polygon, then it is assumed to be closed by connecting a straight line from last point to first.

Area Subtot - Reports the total area of all selected features. NOTE: if Polygon A-1 is inside Polygon A-2 the area of Polygon A-1 is included twice in the total.

Area Tot - Reports the total area of all features in the Terrain. If Polygon A-1 is inside Polygon A-2 the area of Polygon A-1 is included twice in the total.

Azimuth - Reports the azimuth measured in degrees of the line from the previous point to the current point.

dX - Reports the change in x coordinate from the previous point (non TIN) to the current point.

dY - Reports the change in y coordinate from the previous point (non TIN) to the current point.

dZ - Reports the change in z coordinate from the previous point (non TIN) to the current point.

Elev - Reports the elevation of the current point.

Feature Name - Reports the current feature name.

Features - Reports the total number of features in the Terrain file.

% Grade - Reports the grade % between the previous point and current point.

Grade % (Av)  - Grade in % measured from the previous USER point to the current point (ignores triangle crossings in draped features)"

Length - Reports the length of the current feature in project units.

Length Subtot - Reports the total length of all selected features.

Length Tot - Reports the total length of all features in the Terrain.

Plan Scale - Reports the current scale for the plan window.

Points - Reports the total number of points in the current feature.

Points Subtot.- Reports the total points in all selected features.

Points Tot- Reports the total number of points in the Terrain.

Pro V Scale - Reports the current vertical scale for the profile window.

Pro H Scale - Reports the current horizontal scale for the profile window.

RW Area - Reports the right of way area of the current feature. It is possible to change the right of way width in the Status Window Options Dialog.

RW Area Subtot - Reports the total right of way area of all features which have the same Alpha numeric ID as the current feature. It is possible to change the right of way width in the Status Window Options Dialog.

RW Area Tot - Reports the total right of way area of all features in the Terrain. It is possible to change the right of way width in the Status Window Options Dialog.

Slope Dist - Reports the total slope distance from previous (non TIN) point to the current point. If the current feature is a draped feature, the distances due to elevation changes over the TIN model are included. If the feature is a 3D feature then TIN model (if one exists)  is not included.

Sq. Units - Reports the area enclosed by the current feature in square project units. This is useful for smaller areas where you don't want to report in Hectares or Acres.

Sq. Units Subtot - Reports the total area of all selected features in square project units.

Sq. Units Tot - Reports the total area of all features in square project units in the Terrain.

Station - Reports the station of the current point as accumulated horizontal distance.

Surface Area - reports the total surface area bounded by the selected feature(s).  This only applies to volume boundary features (VBND). See Surface Properties for more information.

Surface Azimuth - reports the average azimuth (of the slope of steepest desent) of the surface area bounded by the selected feature(s).  This only applies to volume boundary features (VBND). See Surface Properties for more information.  The azumuth is weighted by the plan area.

Surface Slope - reports the average slope (of the slope of steepest desent) of the surface area bounded by the selected feature(s).  This only applies to volume boundary features (VBND). See Surface Properties for more information. The slope is weighted by the plan area.

Vol. A - reports the total volume above Surface A (the current terrain), below Surface B and bounded by the selected feature(s).  This only applies to volume boundary features (VBND). See Volumes for more information.

Vol. B - reports the total volume below Surface A (the current terrain), above Surface B and bounded by the selected feature(s).  This only applies to volume boundary features (VBND). See Volumes for more information.

X - Reports the X coordinate of the current point.

Y - Reports the Y coordinate of the current point.


Multi-Plot Window

Overview

The Multi-Plot Window allows you to create an output sheets such as a Plan/Profile sheet. The Multi-Plot window consists of one or more Sub-Views (Plan, Profile, Rectangle, Legend, Scale Bar and Image ). You can include multiple copies of one type of window in your layout (e.g. two profile windows with different profiles).

When you change into multi-plot mode by making the Multi-Plot window active, you will notice that the menu options change significantly. The multi-plot functions allow you create a customized output sheet by positioning rectangles in the multi-plot window using the mouse. Once an output sheet has been created it can be saved as a Screen Layout file for use with future projects.

NOTE: A Multi-Plot layout applies only to one paper size. If you use multiple paper sizes you must create Multi-Plot layouts for each.

The following topics explain the functions of the Multi-Plot Window.

1.	Multi-Plot Sub-Views

2.	Adding and Positioning Multi-Plot Sub-Views

3.	Merging Multi-Plot Layouts


Multi-Plot Sub-Views

The Multi-Plot window consists of one or more Sub-Views. You can include multiple copies of one type of window in your layout (e.g. two profile windows). For more information about adding a Sub-View to the Multi-Plot layout see Adding and Positioning Multi-Plot Sub-Views.

The following Sub-Views can be added to the Multi-Plot.

Plan Window Sub-View

One or more Plan Window Sub-Views can be included the Multi-Plot. Before adding a Plan Window Sub-View to the Multi-Plot you must have already created the main Plan window eg. Plan:1 (See Plan Window).

The options (scale, grid, line types etc.) for the main Plan Window will be reflected in Multi-Plot. To change these options while the Multi-Plot window is active, select menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options. The Plan Sub-View Options dialog box will appear allowing you to change the configuration of the Plan window.

Scrolling and Rotating

You can scroll the window using a combination of the <Shift Key> and Up/Down/Left/Right Arrow keys. You can also rotate the window using a combination of <CTRL> and left/right arrows.

Profile Window Sub-View

One or more Profile Window Sub-Views can be included the Multi-Plot. Before adding a Profile Window Sub-View to the Multi-Plot you must have already created the main Profile window (See Profile Window).

The options (scale, grid, line types etc.) for the main Profile Window will be reflected in Multi-Plot. To change these options while the Multi-Plot window is active, select menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options. The Profile Sub-View Options dialog box will appear allowing you to change the configuration of the Profile window.

Scrolling

You can scroll the window contents using a combination of the <Shift Key> and Up/Down/Left/Right Arrow keys.

Rectangle Window Sub-View

One or more Rectangle Window Sub-Views can be included the Multi-Plot. The Rectangle Window can be used to create title bars or other textual information in the multi-plot window. To change these options, while the Multi-Plot window is active, select menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options. The Rectangle Sub-View Options dialog box will appear allowing you to change the configuration of the Rectangle window.

Legend Window

One or more Legend Sub-Views can be included the Multi-Plot. When a new Legend Sub-View is created your document is examined to determine what line types and symbols it contains. From this information a default Legend is created. You can add, remove or change the entries in a Legend using the Legend Sub-View Options Dialog.

Image Window

One or more Image Sub-Views can be included in the Multi-Plot window. Image Sub-Views are useful for inserting Logos into a Multi-plot sheet. The menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options will allow you to specify the bitmap graphic (*.BMP or *.JPG). See Image Sub-View Options Dialog for more information.

Scale Bar Window

A Scale Bar Sub-View can be included in the multi plot window. The Scale Bar Sub-View Options Dialog box allows to configure the scale bar.

Terrain Window

One or more Terrain Sub-Views can be included in the Multi-Plot window. The menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options will allow you to specify the terrain file and layout. See Terrain Sub-View Options Dialog for more information.


Adding and Positioning Multi-Plot Sub-Views

To Add and Position a New Sub-View

1. With the Multi-Plot window active, select menu Edit - New Sub-View.

2. Choose the window type you wish to add from the menu eg. Plan:1.  You will notice a rectangle is created in the Multi-Plot Window.

3. Move the mouse inside this rectangle. The cursor will change to a four sided arrow.

4, Left click and move the mouse holding the left mouse button down . Notice the window follows. Release the left mouse button when the window is in the correct position.

Sub-Views can be positioned anywhere on the sheet, including inside other rectangles or overlapping rectangles. Use the function Edit - Shuffle Front to Back to access a rectangle that is covered by another.

To Resize a Sub-View

1. Select a Sub-View by moving the mouse inside the window and left clicking.

2. Notice the 8 handles appear (at the corners and in the middle of each side). Move the mouse over one of these handles. You will notice the cursor changes shape.

3. While the mouse is positioned over a handle, click and hold down the left button and move the mouse. Notice the rectangle changing size as you move.

4. Release the left button to set the window size.

To Delete a Sub-View

1. Select a Sub-View by moving the cursor inside the Sub-View and left clicking the mouse.

2. Press the <delete> key on the keyboard.

Multiple Sub-View Operations

NOTE: You can select more than one rectangle at a time (for group operations) by holding the Ctrl key and clicking on multiple sub-views (a second click will deselect). If you click and drag (left mouse), starting outside any existing sub-views, you will define a select rectangle. All sub-views that intersect the rectangle will be selected when you release the mouse key.


Merging Multi-Plot Layouts

Merging Multi-Plot Layouts is a very useful. It allows you to create re-useable standard components such as title blocks, legends etc. and incorporate these components into other Multi-Plot sheets.

For example suppose you would like to include a standard table in several Multi-Plots.

1. First create the table in Multi-Plot using a series of rectangles.

2. Save the table as a layout file using menu File - Save Screen Layout.

3. To incorporate this table into another Multi-Plot, select menu File - Merge Multi-Plot Layout. This will add the table to your output sheet.


Layout Files

It is possible to save window attributes (position, size, options and label formatting etc.) in a screen layout file. A screen layout file can be set up and retrieved for a particular design or plotting task.

NOTE: The use of screen layout files will save you a significant amount of time.

Several standard screen layout files are provided with the TERRAIN module. Try retrieving the standard screen layout files to see how they can rapidly change the way in which you view your terrain data. (See File - Retrieve Screen Layout) These files have been designed to accommodate most standard applications

The current screen layout will be automatically stored when a Terrain is saved. It can also be stored in a separate screen layout file for later use. (See File - Save Screen Layout) When a new Terrain is created, the default screen layout (NORMAL.ILT) is used. This screen layout (like the other standard files) can be modified and saved to suit your needs.

Screen layouts contain a tremendous amount of formatting information including: plot scales, label formatting and fonts, fonts multi-plot title block information, status window options, etc. etc. You can create as many screen layouts as you need and you can copy them to all your computers to standardize the design process (they are stored in the parameters directory - C:\ROADENG by default).


Mapping and Drafting

The following topics describe the Mapping and Drafting functions available in the Terrain module.

1.	Interactive Modes

2.	Feature Selection

3.	Layers

4.	Drawing and Editing a Feature

5.	Screen Positioning and Scrolling

6.	Editing Labels

7.	Adding Floating Labels

8.	Linetypes, Symbols and Hatching

9.	Manipulating Features

10.	Tracing with the Mouse

11.	Manipulating Bitmaps

12.	Background Terrains


Interactive Modes

The following operating modes are available for selecting, creating, or modifying features and labels.

Feature Modes
Enter Feature Mode.		Edit - Draw with mouse.
Edit Feature Mode.		Edit - .Edit with mouse
Select Feature Mode		Edit - Select with mouse
Label Modes
Enter Label Mode		Edit - Add Labels with the mouse
Edit Label Mode		Edit - Edit Labels with mouse
NOTE: It is possible to switch between the Feature modes and Label modes by right mouse clicking.


Feature Selection

Selected Features

It is possible to select and manipulate multiple features and floating labels.  Selection can be done using the mouse or using menu items, both of these methods are described below. Feature selection will generally effect the Current Feature and Current Point.

Selecting Features Using the Mouse

To select a group of features using the mouse.

1) Choose menu Edit - Select with Mouse. The selection cursor will appear

2) Left click and drag (click the left mouse button and while its depressed move the mouse forming a rectangle).

3) When you release the left mouse button, any features (including floating labels) which fall inside the rectangle will be selected.

To remove one or more features from the selected set.

1) Choose menu Edit - Select with Mouse. The selection cursor will appear

2) With the <Shift> key depressed, left click and drag (click the left mouse button and while its depressed move the mouse forming a rectangle).

3) When you release the left mouse button, any features (including floating labels) which are selected will be un-selected.

To remove all features from selected set.

1) Choose menu Edit - Select with Mouse. The selection cursor will appear

2) Click on a point outside all features.

Selecting Features Using Menus

There are 3 menu items which allow you to select/un-select features.

Edit - Select Features - All

Edit - Select Features - By Range

Edit - Select Features - By Name


Layers

Layers are very useful for organizing information.  In Terrain, layers are encoded into the feature ID.  For example a stream layer might consist of all features begining with the name ST.  In this case a layer would be defined as ST?????? where ? can be any character (wildcard).  The layer ST?????? would match ST1, ST1a,ST1023 etc.

It is possible to setup a default table of layers using the Add/Remove Layers dialog box.


Drawing and Editing a Feature

To create a new feature using the mouse.

1. From the tool bar select the Draw New Feature button.

The cursor will change to a pencil.

2. Position the pencil at the desired location and press the left mouse button twice (two single clicks not a double click). This will cause a new point to be added. Continue adding points by clicking on the left mouse button (twice, one to capture then again to anchor the new point). Points are joined to the "nearest segment". To add points to the end of the feature, position the mouse near the end of the feature and click the left button.

NOTE: You can press the <ESC> or <DEL> keys while in capture mode. This will replace or remove the captured point.

To edit a feature with the mouse.

1.Change to the selection cursor by clicking the right mouse button. This cursor allows you to select the current feature and current point.

2. Click on the feature you wish to edit. Once selected, the feature will become the current feature and will be displayed in magenta.

3a. To modify an existing point on the feature, change to the Edit cursor by clicking the right mouse button. Position the cursor over an existing point and "capture" it by clicking the left mouse button.  Position the cursor at the desired location and click the left mouse button again to anchor the point.

3b. To insert a new point into a line segment or to add a point at the end of a an existing feature, click the right mouse button until the pencil cursor appears. Position the cursor near the segment you wish to insert into or at the end of the traverse and click the left mouse button. The new point should now be shown attached to the feature by "rubber band line(s)". Pressing the left mouse key again will anchor the point.

To delete a point with the mouse.

1.Change to the selection cursor by clicking the right mouse button. This cursor allows you to select the current feature and current point.

2. Click on the feature you wish to edit. Once selected, the feature will become the current feature and will be displayed in magenta.

3a. To delete an existing point on the feature, change to the Edit cursor by clicking the right mouse button. Position the cursor over an existing point and "capture" it by clicking the left mouse button. Press the delete key.


Pencil Cursor
When the pencil cursor is active points are added to the current feature.


Selection Cursor
When the selection cursor is active features can be selected by left mouse click and drag.


Edit Cursor
When the edit cursor is active exiting points can be moved by left mouse clicking to capture.


Screen Positioning and Scrolling

There are several functions in Terrain which will help you to move around in the Plan and Profile windows.

Keyboard Functions

<Pg Up> <Pg Down> <shift Pg Up> <shift Pg Down> <shift-arrow keys> <TAB> <shift TAB> <CTRL-B> <CTRL-N>	scroll up one page scroll down one page scroll left one page scroll right one page small incremental scroll changes current feature to next changes current feature to previous changes current point to previous changes current point to next

Zooming

There are 4 magnification functions provided in Location for zooming in the Plan and Profile Windows.

Zoom Double Magnifies the view by 200%

Zoom Half   Magnifies the view by 50%

Zoom In   Allows you to create a zoom window using the mouse

End Zoom   Resets magnification back to 100%

These functions can be accessed either through the View - Window Magnification menu or through their tool bar buttons:

NOTE: Zooming has the same effect as if you put a magnifying glass over the window. All features in the window are magnified including the labels. Whereas if you change the scale in View - Plan Options (Profile Options) the label size will remain constant.

It is recommended that you set the scales of the Plan and Profile windows to the required output scales, before you begin working. Use the zoom facilities to blow up areas of interest or to zoom out to find features that are off the screen. The sequence Zoom Half, Zoom Half, Zoom In, End Zoom can be used to move from one part of your design to another (the Zoom In function resets the view location).


Editing Labels

Before you can edit a label it must be selected.

To select a label

1. Choose menu Edit - Edit Labels with Mouse or click on the Edit Label button on the tool bar.

2. The Edit Labels Cursor will appear.

3. Move the Edit Labels Cursor over the label you wish to edit and click the left mouse button. The label is now selected and 2 handles will appear (one at the beginning of the text and the other at the end).

Selected Label

To move or rotate a label

1. A selected label will appear with 2 handles (small square boxes).  When you move the cursor over the label its shape will change to a 4 sided arrow

.

2. When the move cursor is active, click and drag. The label will be repositioned. Note the anchor point will remain fixed.

3. When a label is selected and the cursor is moved over the orientation handle the cursor changes shape to the orientation cursor (semi circle with 2 arrows)

Click and drag when the orientation cursor is active. You will notice the label will be rotated and offset from the the position handle.

To change the properties of a label

1. Activate the plan or profile window by clicking on the title bar.

2. Select menu Edit - Edit Labels with Mouse. or click on the Edit Label button on the tool bar.

3. Double Click on the label when the move cursor is active. The Label Edit Dialog will appear. If the label you have selected is a Floating Label or a comment, you may change the the text otherwise you are only allowed to modify its format.


Adding Floating Labels

To add a floating label using the mouse

1. Activate the Plan (or Profile) window by clicking on the title bar.

2. Select menu Edit - Add Labels with Mouse. Alternately you can click on the New Label button on the tool bar.

3. The cursor should be in the shape of a pencil with the characters ABC.

4. Move the cursor into the middle of the plan (or profile) window and left click the mouse. The Label Edit Dialog will appear. Type in the text you desire and press OK.

5. The text will appear in the plan (or profile) window.

Changing the text of a floating label or comment

1. Select the label you wish to change (see above).

2. Double Click on the label when the move cursor is active. The Label Edit Dialog will appear. If the label you have selected is a Floating Label or a comment you may change the the text.


Linetypes, Symbols and Hatching

Linetypes

It is possible to assign linetypes to features. Terrain is shipped with a table of standard linetypes. This standard table can be modified to create new user defined line types using the Edit Linetypes Dialog.

Symbols

It is possible to assign symbols to features. Terrain is shipped with a table of standard symbols. This standard table can be modified to create new user defined symbols using the Edit Symbols Dialog.

Hatching

It is possible to assign hatching to features. If a feature is not closed a segment is automatically included from the last point to the 1st.


Manipulating Features

The following functions are provided to allow to manipulate features.

1.	Move/Size Using the Mouse

2.	Move/Size/Rotate by Dialog Box

3.	Duplicate

4.	Breaking the Current Feature

5.	Display Order

6.   Joining Two Features.

7.   Buffering a Feature.


Tracing with the Mouse

In addition to the standard entry and editing of feature points as described in Drawing and Editing a Feature, several functions are available for tracing and entering elevation information using the mouse.  These functions are accessed using the keys on the numeric number pad.  After selecting the Edit - Digitize/Draw New Feature Dialog, and specifiing an elevation feature, the following functions are available from the keys on the numeric keypad.

"8" or "U" - UP

Enter a point and increment the elevation by one interval.

"5" or "S"- SAME

Enter a point and keep the elevation the same.

"2" or "D" - DOWN

Enter a point and decrement the elevation by one interval.

"0" or "E" - ENTER

Pops up the Edit - Modify Point Dialog allowing you the enter the elevation of a point.

NOTE: the start elevation and interval are specified in the Elevations Dialog.


Manipulating Bitmaps

Bitmap images can be sized and rotated.

To size a bitmap using the mouse.

1.	Select the bitmap by clicking on the boundary with the selection cursor. See feature selection for more information.

2.	Choose menu Edit - Modify Selected Features - Move/Size.

3.	Handles (8) will appear around the the bitmap image.  using the left mouse button click and drag on a handle.  When the mouse is released the bit map will be sized to match the position of the handle.

NOTE: the handles are not visible you can use a combination of CTRL - up arrow and CTRL - down arrow to size the bitmap.  The shift keys allows for fine increments.

To size or rotate a bitmap via dialog box.

1.	Select the bitmap by clicking on the boundary with the selection cursor. See feature selection for more information.

2.	Choos menu Edit Modify Selected Features - Move/Size/Rotate.  This will activate the Move/Size/Rotate Dialog box.


Background Terrains

Additional Terrain files can be displayed in the background.  To add or remove Terrrain files use menu View - Background this will activate the Background Display Files Dialog box.

Background files are "read only" they can not be changed (edited).  To modify a background file you must read it in as the current Terrain.  Background  files will generally display faster in the background than they will in the foreground.

Profile Display of the Current Feature on a Background Terrain

The projection of the current feature on one or more background Terrain model(s) is displayed in the Profile Window if the following conditions are met.

a)The background Terrain has a Terrain model

b)The current selected feature is a draped feature.

c) Background is selected in View  - Profile Options.

The projection of the current feature on the current Terrain is assumed to be topography and the top down order of the sub surface stratum is defined by their order in the Background Dsplay Files Dialog. See Background Terrain for more information.


Working with a Digitizer

The following topics describe the Terrain module digitizing functions.

1.	Setting Up a Digitizer

2.	Digitizer Key Definitions

3.	Digitizing in Track Mode

4.	Digitizing Areas and Lengths

5.	Digitizing Profiles

6.	Coordinate Digitizing


Setting Up a Digitizer

Two types of drivers are provided.

WINTAB Driver

ASCII Format Driver

WINTAB Driver

WINTAB has become the standard driver for digitizers running in Windows.  A WINTAB driver is supplied with your digitizer.  Information regarding setup and installation of the WINTAB drivers should be available from the tablet manufacturer.

For more information see WINTAB Driver Setup.

ASCII Format Driver

ASCII Format drivers were developed before the WINTAB standard existed.  They commincate directly with the digitizer a using standard serial link.  For more information see ASCII Digitizer Drivers Setup.


WINTAB Digitizer Driver Setup

STEP 1: Install the WINTAB driver

The WINTAB driver installation software and instructions should be available from your tablet manufacturer.  Install the WINTAB driver as per those instructions.

STEP 2: Select Digitizer

From the Digitizer Configuration Dialog choose the Assign New button to activate the Digitizer Drivers Dialog box. Select "WINTAB" in the list box and press the Select button. Press OK.

STEP 3: Test the Communications with the Digitizer.

Press the Test button from the Digitizer Configuration Dialog. When you select this option the Digitizer Test Dialog box will be activated. This dialog box will display characters transmitted from the digitizer. Try pressing a key on the digitizer. A new character string should appear at the bottom of the dialog box whenever a key is pressed on the digitizer keypad.

If you don't see any characters appearing check that you have installed the WINTAB driver software provided by the manufacturer properly.

I

STEP 4: Setup the Key Definitions on the Digitizer Keypad.

The key definitions depend on the type of digitizer you have. In order to set up the key mappings you must first determine the key values transmitted from your tablet and then assign these values to program functions.  To do this.

	-Select the TEST option
	-Press each key on the cursor and make a note of the key value transmitted.
	-Cancel from the TEST option and select the KEY MAPPINGS option.
	-Assign each key definition a unique transmitted value (this is a matter of personal preference).

It is useful to print out these key definitions and tape them to your tablet for reference. See also Digitizer Key Definitions for information on the key functions.


ASCII Digitizer Drivers Setup

The Terrain Module supports a variety of digitizers in ASCII mode. Each digitizer has a standard configuration. (see Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings for a list of supported digitizers and their switch settings).

The following steps should be followed to setup up a digitizer for operation with an ASCII Driver.

STEP 1: Set Digitizer Hardware Switches

Locate the brand and model number for your digitizer in Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings and change the digitizer hardware switch settings as shown (your model of digitizer may not require any hardware setup, in this case proceed to step 2). Please note most digitziers should be powered off before changing the switches.

STEP 2: Select Digitizer

From the Digitizer Configuration Dialog choose the Assign New button to activate the Digitizer Drivers Dialog box. Select the appropriate digitizer in the list box and press the Select button. Press OK, the "Current Driver" displayed in the Digitizer Configuration dialog box should now display your digitizer model.

STEP 3: Select Communications Port

Select the appropriate port (COM1:,COM2: etc.) in the Digitizer Configuration Dialog Box.

STEP 4: Set Port Communications Parameters.

Determine the required port communications parameters settings for your digitizer in Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings . This includes: Baud Rate (bits per second), Parity, Stop Bits, Data Bits, Flow Control.

Press the Setup button (in the Digitizer Configuration Dialog) to access the Windows Control Panel. Changing the port settings depends on which version of Windows you are using as follows.

Windows 3.x

Select Ports and then Settings. Set the Baud Rate (bits per second), Parity, Stop Bits, Data Bits and Flow Control to match those determined above.

Windows 95

From the System Icon select the Device Manager Tab - Ports. Choose the appropriate port e.g. COM 1 then from Properties - Port Settings, set the communications parameters Baud Rate (bits per second), Parity, Stop Bits, Data Bits, Flow Control to match those determined above.

STEP 5: Test the Communications with the Digitizer.

Press the Test button from the Digitizer Configuration Dialog. When you select this option the Digitizer Test Dialog box will be activated. This dialog box will display characters transmitted from the digitizer. Try pressing a key on the digitizer. If the parameters have been setup correctly a new character string should appear at the bottom of the dialog box whenever a key is pressed on the digitizer keypad.

If you don't see any characters appearing check the digitizers switch settings and parameters as described in STEPS 1 to 4.

If your digitizer is still not operating properly at this stage, here are some Common ASCII Digitizer Setup Problems

STEP 6: Check the Digitizer Packet Format.

The digitizer transmits a 'packet' or string of ASCII characters whenever a key is pressed. Each packet contains a KEY field, an X coordinate field and a Y coordinate field. The Terrain module will extract these fields from the packet . Using the Test option (as described in STEP 5) check that the key pressed on the digitizer matches the value displayed in the Key field at the bottom of the Test dialog box.

STEP 7: Setup the Key Definitions on the Digitizer Keypad.

The program is shipped with a standard set of digitizer key definitions.  The key definitions depend on the type of digitizer and are defined in the Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings. It is useful to print out these key definitions and tape them to your tablet for reference. See also Digitizer Key Definitions for information on the key functions.

If you have successfully completed STEPS 1 to 7, your digitizer should now be ready to use. See sections Digitizing Areas and Lengths and Digitizing Profiles for information on digitizer operations.

PROBLEMS

If your digitizer is not working see Common ASCII Digitizer Setup Problems.


Common ASCII Digitizer Driver Setup Problems

The following is a list of common problems encountered setting up a digitizer.

1) Problem -Error Opening Comm Port" message appears when you access the digitizer.

This message usually means that the wrong PORT (COM1, COM2 etc.) has been selected or another driver has opened the port, such as a FAX/MODEM or WINTAB. If you have selected the correct port, check that no other drivers are active (in Windows 95 you can do this by selecting Control Panel/System/Device Manager/Ports/Properties).

NOTE: Some digitizers can be used as the Windows mouse device. Terrain doesn't support digitizers configured as the mouse device. Do not install Windows drivers such as WINTAB for your digitizer. If you already have then you must uninstall it before using Terrain.

2) Problem -Strange characters (e.g. ^%!&&^) appear in the Digitizer Test Dialog.

This usually indicates that either the digitizer is transmitting in a BINARY mode or the Communications parameters (baud rate etc.) are wrong. Check the communication parameters. Make sure you have followed the setup instructions (hardware switches, menus etc) for your tablet as described in the Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings.

3) Problem -No response in Digitizer Test Dialog when a key is pressed on the tablet.

Check that the cable between the computer and the digitizer is correct.  One of the most common problems is the wrong type of interface cable. Often a digitizer will require a "Null Modem" (or normal cable with a Null Modem adapter). Your computer or digitizer supplier will be able to help you determine exactly what type of cable you have.

Check that you are on the correct port. Check the cable connections.  Make sure you have followed the setup instructions (hardware switches, menus etc) for your tablet described in the Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings.  Try running diagnostic software supplied by the tablet manufacturer to verify that the table is operational.

4) Problem -Table works most of the time but occasionaly it produces spurious lines while digitizing in track mode.

Symptoms like this are often caused by incorrect flow control. Check that the flow control (XON/XOFF or hardware) matches that specified in the Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings also check your digitizer manual.


Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings

1.	CALCOMP Digitizers

2.	GTCO Digitizers

3.	HOUSTON INSTRUMENTS Digitizers

4.	KURTA Digitizers

5.	SUMMAGRAPHICS Digitizers


CALCOMP Digitizers

1.	CALCOMP Drawing Slate II (16 Button)

2.	CALCOMP 9000 (16 Button)

3.	CALCOMP 9100 (16 Button)

4.	CALCOMP Drawing Board II and III (16 Button)


CALCOMP Drawing Slate II (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Even

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	H/W

SWITCHES

Sw	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
A B	0 0	1 0	0 1	0 0	0 0	1 1	1 0	1 0	0 0	0 0	1 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	1 0	0 1

COMMENTS

Restore Factory Setting 3 (Restore 3). This setting will configure the tablet to CalComp 2000 ASCII format.

Key 0 1 2 3 4 7 A B D E	Function SAME UP DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


CALCOMP 9000 (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	2400

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	Xon/Xoff

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1	U	U	U	U	U	D	D	U
2	U	D	D	D	U*	U*	U*	D*
3	D	D	D	D	D	U	U	D

COMMENTS

Note 1: * ==> tablet size @ 40 lines per mm in counts
Note 2 switch settings use "host" as port.

KEY 2 1 3 4 6 9 A C D #	FUNCTION SAME UP DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


CALCOMP 9100 (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	H/W

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Sw1	C	O	C	O	C	O	C	C
Sw2	C	O	C	C	O	C	C	O
Sb2	C	O	O	C	C	C	O	C

COMMENTS

Note 1: This digitizer driver has not been fully
tested.

Note 2: * ==> tablet size @ 100 lines per inch in counts

KEY 0 1 2 3 4 8 A C D E	FUNCTION UNDEF UP SAME DOWN UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


CALCOMP Drawing Board II and III (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Even

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	H/W

SWITCHES

Sw	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
A B	0 0	1 0	0 1	0 0	0 0	1 1	1 0	1 0	0 0	0 0	1 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 1

COMMENTS

Restore Factory Setting (Restore 3). This setting will configure the tablet to CalComp 2000 ASCII format. Set to Point Mode.

To setup to run in track mode set

A-1 to on

A-2 to off

This driver can be used for the Drawing Board III.  - Preset digitizer to #3 config  - Set BANK A: Key #1 on  - Set BANK A: Key #2 off

For Drawing Board III set A-17 on (include LF).

Key 0 1 2 3 4 9 A B D E	Function SAME UP DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


GTCO Digitizers

1.	GTCO Accutab

2.	GTCO DigiPad Super L 1724SL (4 and 16 Button)

3.	GTCO DigiPad Micro (4 Button)

4.	GTCO Digi-Pad -PC 1724L DP5A-1111A,-1117A (4 and 16 Button)

5.	GTCO DigiPad Type 5A (16 Button)

6.	GTCO Sketch Master (4 Button)

7.	GTCO 2436 (70717-ID) (16 Button)

8.	GTCO Ultima (4 and 16 Button)

9.	GTCO Ultima II (16 Button)

10.	GTCO Digi-Pad (type5,5a,12,PC,3036) With Menu (16 Button)

11.	GTCO Rollup with Menu (16 Button)


GTCO Accutab

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	H/W

SWITCHES

COMMENTS

KEY 0 1 2 3 4 8 A C D E	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


GTCO DigiPad Super L 1724SL (4 and 16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	Xon/Xoff

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1	off	off	on	on	off	off	off	on
2	on	on	on	on	on	off	off	off
3	off	off	on	off	off	off	off	on

COMMENTS

4 button digitizer has limited functionality.

KEY 0 (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 4 (D) 8 A C D E	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


GTCO DigiPad Micro (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	2

FLOW:	Xon/Xoff

SWITCHES

N/A

COMMENTS

For track mode hold key down.

KEY	FUNCTION
1 2 4 8	UP SAME DOWN END


GTCO Digi-Pad -PC 1724L DP5A-1111A,-1117A (4 and 16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	Xon/Xoff

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
A	off	off	on	on	off	off	on	on
B	on	on	on	on	on	off	off	off
C	off	off	on	off	off	off	on	on

COMMENTS

4 button digitizer has limited functionality.
16 Button cursor set switch sw3 - 5 ON.
 For DP5A-1111A,DP5A-1117A set FLOW to H/W.

KEY 0 (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 4 (D) 8 A C D E	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


GTCO DigiPad Type 5A (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	H/W

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
A	off	on	on	off	on	off	off	on
B	on	off	on	off	on	off	on	off
C	off	off	on	on	off	off	off	on

COMMENTS

Firmware Option S.2.1

KEY 0 1 2 3 4 8 A C D E	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


GTCO Sketch Master (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

SWITCHES

SW
1	on	9600
2	off	ASCII
3	off	None

COMMENTS

4 Button Cursor has limited functionality

KEY TOP LEFT RIGHT BOTTOM	FUNCTION SAME DOWN UP END


GTCO 2436 (70717-ID) (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	H/W

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
A	off	off	on	on	off	off	off	on
B	on	on	on	on	on	off	off	off
C	off	off	on	off	on	off	off	off

COMMENTS

KEY 0 1 2 3 4 8 A C D E	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


GTCO Ultima (4 and 16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

COMMENTS

Use default jumper J2 1=ON 2=ON 3=ON

KEY 4 (4) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) A B D E F C	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER UNDO UNDEF


GTCO Ultima II (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Even

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

Sw	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
A B	0 0	1 0	0 1	0 0	0 0	1 1	1 0	1 0	0 0	0 0	1 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	1 0	0 1

Comments

Switches are in default factory Restore 3 setting ( this configures the tablet to CalComp 2000 ASCII format).

KEY 0 1 2 3 4 9 A B D E	FUNCTION SAME UP DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


GTCO Digi-Pad (type5,5a,12,PC,3036) With Menu (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

COMMENTS

Set to Super Set Menu #27 (S27 on tablet Menu).

ASCII III

1000 lpi

50/sec

Line mode

Point Mode only is supported.

KEY 0 1 2 3 8 4 A C D E	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDEF END UNDO ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


GTCO Rollup with Menu (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

COMMENTS

Set to Super Set Menu #27 (S27 on tablet Menu).

ASCII III

1000 lpi

50/sec

Line mode

KEY 0 1 2 3 7 4 A C D E	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDEF END UNDO ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


HOUSTON INSTRUMENTS Digitizers

1.	HOUSTON INSTRUMENTS TG-1017 (4 Button)


HOUSTON INSTRUMENTS TG-1017 (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	None

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	None

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6
1	on	on	on	on	off	on
2	on	off	on	on	on	on

COMMENTS

Switch settings are compatible with DRS settings.

This digitizer has limited functionality due to only 4 buttons.

KEY RED WHITE YELLOW GREEN	FUNCTION UNDO SAME UP DOWN


KURTA Digitizers

1.	Altec AC30 (16 Button)

2.	Altec AC32 (16 Button)

3.	KURTA XGT (16 Button)

4.	KURTA IS/ONE (4 Button)

5.	KURTA XLC (16 Button)

6.	KURTA XLP 1212 (4 Button)

7.	KURTA XLP 1218 (4 Button)

8.	KURTA XLP 1218 (16 Button)

9.	KURTA 15209-3-Y (16 Button)


Altec AC30 (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	MARK

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XON/XOFF

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Left	on	off	on	on	on	on	off	on
Right	off	off	off	off	on	on	off	off
COMMENTS

Default Format = 4 with these switch settings. If another format is being used set Open Initialization string to 70,52,13 this will cause the digitizer to change into Format 4 'on the fly'.

Key 0 1 2 3 4 E A B D C 8	Function UP SAME DOWN UNDEF UNDO ENTER ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL NEGATIVE END


Altec AC32 (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	NONE

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XON/XOFF

COMMENTS

Key 0 1 2 5 4 E A C B C 3	Function UP SAME DOWN UNDEF UNDO ENTER ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL NEGATIVE END


KURTA XGT (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

SWITCHES

N/A

COMMENTS

Set to XGT format 20 (IS/ONE - point mode)

To do this use the sequence ALT-F3 F1 F1 F6 P-key

Save this using ALT-F6.

KEY 1 2 3 4 5 8 11 12 14 15	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDEF UNDO END ATTRIB NEGATIVE DECIMAL ENTER


KURTA IS/ONE (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	H/W

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
A	D	U	D	U	U	U	U	D
B	U	D	U	D	U	D	U	U
C	U	U	D	U	*	*	*	*

COMMENTS

* ==> depends on tablet

KEY TOP LEFT RIGHT BOTTOM	FUNCTION SAME DOWN UP END


KURTA XLC (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

SWITCHES

N/A

COMMENTS

** When entering key values (ATTRIB or ENTER) the number on the keypad is 1 greater than the returned value. Eg key 1 returns 0.

Default factory setting for personality P3. Use "FACTP3.XTR" (CALCOMP 9500) if factory setting has been lost.

KEY 1 2 3 4 5 15 11 14 12 8	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDEF UNDO ENTER ATTRIB DECIMAL NEGATIVE END


KURTA XLP 1212 (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

SWITCHES

N/A

COMMENTS

Circular cursor with 4 keys.

KEY RIGHT TOP LEFT BOTTOM	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN END


KURTA XLP 1218 (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

SWITCHES

N/A

COMMENTS

Circular cursor with 4 keys.

KEY RIGHT TOP LEFT BOTTOM	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN END


KURTA XLP 1218 (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Even

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

SWITCHES

N/A

COMMENTS

Circular cursor with 16 keys. Good luck labelling the keys!

Use Config - Test to determine the positions of the keys on the cursor.  NOTE: Decimal and negative values can not be entered using the ENTER function.

KEY 6 2 1 4 8 7 5 3	FUNCTION END UP SAME DOWN ENTER UNDO ATTRIB UNDEF


KURTA 15209-3-Y (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Even

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1	on	off	off	off	off	on	on	off
2	on	off	off	on

COMMENTS:

Limited functionality due to 4 button cursor.

KEY 4 2 8 1	FUNCTION END UP DOWN SAME


SUMMAGRAPHICS Digitizers

1.	SUMMAGRAPHICS SSketch MM1812 (4 Button)

2.	SUMMAGRAPHICS MicroGrid III (16 Button)

3.	SUMMAGRAPHICS SummaGrid IV (16 Button)

4.	SUMMAGRAPHICS MM1201 (4 Button)

5.	SUMMAGRAPHICS III-PRO (4 Button)

6.	SUMMAGRAPHICS SSketch PRO (4 Button)

7.	SUMMAGRAPHICS SSketch (16 Button)


SUMMAGRAPHICS MicroGrid III (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Even

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	2

FLOW:	Xon/Xoff

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1	on	off	off	on	on	on	off	on
2	on	off	off	on	off	on	on	off
3	on	off	off	off	off	on	on	off

COMMENTS

KEY1 2 3 F C A E 9 B D	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN END UNDO ATTRIB ENTER UNDEF NEGATIVE DECIMAL


SUMMAGRAPHICS SummaGrid IV (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Even

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	Xon/Xoff

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
A	on	off	off	on	on	on	off	on
B	on	off	off	on	on	off	on	on
C	off	off	off	off	off	*	*	*

COMMENTS

Switch setting * ==> depends on tablet size.

Set to emulate MM/SummaSketch, 10LPMM, ASCII, ABSOLUTE.

KEY 1 2 3 E D A C F B D	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN END UNDO ATTRIB ENTER UNDEF NEGATIVE DECIMAL


SUMMAGRAPHICS SSketch MM1812 (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	Xon/Xoff

SWITCHES

N/A

COMMENTS

KEY RIGHT TOP LEFT BOTTOM	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN END


SUMMAGRAPHICS MM1201 (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	Xon/Xoff

COMMENTS

Note: Jumper must be set on board to ensure that tablet powers up in ASCII mode.

SWITCHES

N/A

KEY RIGHT TOP LEFT BOTTOM	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN END


SUMMAGRAPHICS III-PRO (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	H/W

SWITCHES

N/A

COMMENTS

Factory default board

This digitizer is shipped with a Utilities disk.

-run mm.com from dos.

-send /2 /Cza (2 is for COM2)

KEY RIGHT TOP LEFT BOTTOM	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN END


SUMMAGRAPHICS SSketch PRO (4 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Odd

DATA BITS:	8

STOP BITS:	1

FLOW:	XOn/XOff

SWITCHES

SW	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1	on	off	on	off	off	off	off	off
2	off	off	off	off	off	off	off	off
3	off	off	off	off	off	off	off	off

COMMENTS

This digitizer has not been fully tested by Softree.

KEY RIGHT TOP LEFT BOTTOM	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN END


SUMMAGRAPHICS SSketch (16 Button)

BAUD RATE:	9600

PARITY:	Even

DATA BITS:	7

STOP BITS:	2

FLOW:	Xon/Xoff

SWITCHES

N/A

COMMENTS

Limited functionality; only supports functions UP,SAME,DOWN,UNDO and END.

KEY 1 2 3 4 D	FUNCTION UP SAME DOWN UNDO END


Customizing ASCII Digitizer Driver Settings

Under certain circumstances it may be necessary to customize the parameters which control the operation of the digitizer.

Before making any changes to customize the configuration of the digitizer it is recommended that you consult your digitizer manual and become familiar with switch settings and modes that are supported.

The TERRAIN module assumes that each coordinate point sent from the digitizer is contained in an ASCII record called a packet. Each packet contains a Key, and X and Y coordinate fields. The format of the packet and fields in the packet can be configured.

NOTE: Only ASCII formats are supported.

The following items can be configured using the Digitizer Customization Dialog Box .

PACKET FORMAT

Packets can be either a fixed length or can be variable length. Variable length packets are separated by a start character and end character. If the packet format is a fixed length, the length must be specified. If the packet format is variable then the packet start character and an ending character(s) must be specified. It is very common to use a Carriage Return (CR) and Line Feed (LF) sequence to indicate the end of a packet.

FIELD FORMAT

As previously mentioned each packet must contain the following fields.

KEY - contains a character indicating the keypad key pressed.

X  - contains the X coordinate.

Y  - contains the Y coordinate.

Fields in a packet can be either separated by a delimit character or to occupy fixed positions in the packet. In both cases the respective field lengths, positions and delimit characters must be defined.

INITIALIZATION STRINGS

It is sometimes very useful to initialize the digitizer to different modes using an initialization string. For example suppose you are using your digitizer with another software package, that requires different switch settings. On many digitizers it is possible to change the digitizer configuration by sending an initialization string.

The following initialization strings can be used.

OPEN

This string is sent to the digitizer when the digitzer is opened.

TRACK

This string causes the digitizer to go into track mode.

POINT

This string causes the digitizer to go into point mode

EXIT

This string is sent to the digitizer when it is closed. It is useful for returning the digitizer to another mode which might be required for other software.

DIGITIZER RESOLUTION

With many digitizers it is possible to control the resolution of the coordinate points returned. The TERRAIN module must be aware of the digitizer units. The number of millimeters per digitizing unit should be specified.

WAIT TIME

This field specifies a wait time in milliseconds required by the digitizer when changing modes (point to track etc.)


Digitizer Key Definitions

The keys on the digitizer cursor can be used to control digitizing. These keys allow you to enter additional information such as elevation or attributes, and also provide you with control functions. Each of the functions described below corresponds to a key on the digitizer cursor. It is possible to change the functions key assignments using the Digitizer Key Mappings Dialog. NOTE: If you have a 4 button cursor you will not have all the functions available.

NOTE: If you are not concerned with the elevation you can use either the SAME, UP or DOWN keys to trace the feature.

UP

Elevation is up one contour interval from the previous. (For more information see Entering Elevation Information below and Digitizing Profiles).

DOWN

 Elevation is down one contour interval from the previous (For more information see Entering Elevation Information below and Digitizing Profiles).

SAME

Elevation is the same as the previous. (For more information see Entering Elevation Information below and Digitizing Profiles).

ENTER

Elevation is entered from the keypad (For more information see Entering Elevation Information below and Digitizing Profiles).

UNDEF

Elevation is unknown. In this case the elevation is determined by interpolation from the previous and next points (For more information see  Entering Elevation Information below and Digitizing Profiles).

END/NEXT+

Saves the current feature in memory, increments the sub-feature index and begins the next feature. Entering this key twice will return to you to the TERRAIN module menu. The property of the next feature is (positive area).

END/NEXT-

Saves the current feature in memory, increments the sub-feature index and begins the next feature. Entering this key twice will return to you to the TERRAIN module menu. The property of the next feature is (negative area).

UNDO

Removes last entered point. Repeated undo removes additional last points consecutively.

ATTRIB

Allows you to attach an attribute to the last entered point. The user enters an attribute index corresponding to a standard attribute. Press the ATTRIB key again to terminate entry of attributes. It is possible to attach an attribute to a point with undefined elevation. Attributes are defined in the file ATTRIB.PRM.

DECIMAL

This key is used in conjunction with the ENTER key described above. This key indicates a decimal point.

NEG.

 This key is used in conjunction with the ENTER key described above. This key indicates a negative sign.

ENTERING ELEVATION INFORMATION

When a point is digitized, its x,y location is determined from the position of the digitizer puck. The z (elevation) value is entered in one of several ways depending on the type of feature being digitized. The following key definitions allow you to specify the elevation of each digitized point (the corresponding key value on the keypad is configurable by the user). Before you digitize a feature with elevations, you will be prompted to enter a starting elevation and interval.


Digitizing in Track Mode

TERRAIN Module will support the operation of most digitizers in track mode (see Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings for specific information about the capabilities of your digitizer model). Track mode will continuously transmit characters while a key is held down.

Track mode can be useful for tracing features. It should be noted that operating in track mode can create a large number of data points which will slow down all operations in TERRAIN including scrolling, selecting, modeling etc. From this point of view, track mode should be used sparingly.

To change between track mode and point mode, a menu item Options - Digitizing Options - Digitize in Track Mode is provided. An option is also provided to select the spacing between points transmitted from the digitizer. Select Options - Digitizing Options - Digitizing Parameters and set the Minimum Distance between points (mm). With this parameter set to 2; points will be retained only if they are at least 2 mm apart from one another.

If TERRAIN does not support your model of the digitizer in track mode it may still be possible to place your digitizer in track mode manually (consult your digitizer manual). If you do this, remember to select the Track Mode option in the Options - Digitizing Options - Digitize in Track Mode. You will get a warning that point/track initialization is undefined which you can ignore.

Speed Considerations

If you are working with a slow computer, it is possible that the digitizer will transmit coordinates faster than the computer can handle. If this happens you will hear a 'beep tone' indicating that data may be lost if you continue to digitize.

To circumvent this problem you may try the following.

1.	Increase the spacing between points (Minimum Distance between points)

2.	Remove profile and status windows.

3.	Digitize slower and pause while digitizing with your finger off the keypad.


Digitizing Areas and Lengths

For digitizing areas and lengths you will need to use the Same and End digitizer cursor functions. Refer to Digitizer Key Definitions for more information on key functions. The procedure for digitizing an area or length is as follows.

1.	Create a Plan and Status windows if they don't already exist.

2.	Select the Status Window by clicking on the title bar. Choose menu View - Active Window (Status) Options. Click on the Display List button. Add data items Length and Area. Press OK twice to return to the main screen.

3.	Attach the drawing to your digitizer (so that it doesn't move).

4.	From menu Options - Sound select Partial. With sound set to Partial, an audible tone ("beep") will be produced when you are near to the start point (see Digitizing Parameters Dialog for more information).

5.	From menu Options - Digitizing Options make sure that Coordinate Digitizing is not checked. We are not interested in preserving map coordinates. We are only interested in area and length. In this case, we can turn Coordinate Digitizing Off and save setup time.

6.	From toolbar select the Digitize New Feature button. This is equivalent to selecting menu Edit - Digitize/Draw New Feature and disabling Elevations.

7.	The Mapsheet Setup dialog box, will appear. Change the Map Scale to match your drawing. Press OK.

8.	The prompt Digitize featr0000-0 Pnt. #:1 will appear. Choose a starting point on the boundary. Begin tracing the outline using the Same key to enter each point.

9.	After digitizing around the boundary you should receive a "beep" tone when you get close to the start point. Press the End key twice on the digitizer cursor (the first key press ends of the current feature allowing you to begin digitizing another feature, the second press exits from digitizing mode).

10.	The area and length will be reported in the Status window.


Digitizing Profiles

The Terrain module allows you to digitize profiles directly from contour maps. To do this the points where the profile intersects contour lines are digitized. Profiles don't have to be a straight lines in plan.

The following example assumes that you have already configured your digitizer (see Setting Up a Digitizer ) and you have determined the key mappings for SAME, UP, DOWN and END keys (see Digitizer Key Definitions). To follow along you will need a contour map with a profile line identified on it.

1.	Select the normal.ilt layout using menu option File - Retrieve Screen Layout.

2.	From menu Options - Digitizing Options make sure that Coordinate Digitizing is not checked. In this example we are not interested in  Coordinate Digitizing.

3.	Activate the Status Window by clicking on it. Select View - Active Window (Status) Options - Display List, add and remove all items until the list consists of only Station and Elevation. Move and resize the profile and plan windows so that they are both visible.

4.	From menu Options - Sound check Full (full sound is useful for digitizing profiles because the tone will tell you if you are going up or down).

5.	Attach the contour map on the digitizing surface.

6.	Check to make sure the digitizer is in "point mode" by selecting Options - Digitizing Options - Digitize in Point Mode.

7.	Select menu item Edit - Digitize/Draw New Feature. The Feature Properties dialog box will appear. Name the feature and turn on the Connected and Elevations check boxes.

8.	Press the Digitize button and enter the profile starting elevation and contour interval in the Elevations dialog box.

NOTE: We assume that the profile starts on a contour interval. If this is not the case, start digitizing at the nearest contour line and manually (using the mouse on the screen) adjust the profile later.  The ENTER function key can also be used to enter an explicit elevation point (see Digitizer Key Definitions for more information).

9.	The Mapsheet Setup dialog box will appear next. Mapsheet setup is required at the beginning of a digitizing session or whenever you change the mapsheet. Enter the scale of your drawing.

10.	Trace the profile on the map sheet by digitizing the intersection points with contours. At each contour intersection, press the appropriate key (UP, DOWN, SAME) on the digitizer keypad depending on whether the contour is up, down or at the same interval as the previous. If you make a mistake the UNDO key will remove the last entered point.

11.	Attributes, such as stream crossings, can be recorded at any point along the profile. A standard table of attributes is provided with TERRAIN Module (see ATTRIB.PRM).

12.	When you have completed the profile press the END key. A prompt will appear to begin a new profile. Repeat steps 10,11 and 12 for each profile. Pressing END twice will return you to the TERRAIN main screen.


Coordinate Digitizing

If Coordinate Digitizing is set (see menu Options - Digitizing Options - Coordinate Digitizing On) map coordinates will be preserved. E.g. a point on a map feature at 350240E,5239200N will have the same x,y coordinates in the Terrain module after it has been digitized. Coordinate digitizing is useful when you are working with data from different sources such as 2 different map sheets.

Coodinate digitizing requires several extra steps when setting up the mapsheet. The following example describes mapsheet setup for coordinate digitizing.

Mapsheet Setup for Coordinate Digitizing

1.	In order to setup for coordinate digitizing you must know the coordinate of at least one point on your drawing. This will often be a UTM coordinate. You will also need to find a line running north/south. The North Arrow on the map will suffice, however it is better to use a longer line such as a grid line to reduce angular inaccuracies.

2.	Attach the a map to your digitizer (so that it doesn't move).

3.	Select menu Options - Digitizing Options. Check Coordinate Digitizing On.

4.	Select menu Options - Mapsheet Setup and the Map Sheet Orientation Dialog box will appear. Enter the map scale and x,y coordinate of the known point on the map as determined in step 1.

5.	After pressing OK, a message box will appear prompting you to Digitize Origin Point X:… Y:… will appear. Find the point entered in step 4. on the map. Digitize it using the Same key.

6.	Next the message Digitize 1st direction vector point (Southmost) will appear. Digitize the first direction point on the map again using the Same key.

7.	Next the message Digitize 2nd direction vector point (Northmost) will appear. Digitize the second direction point on the map again using the Same key.

8.	This completes the Mapsheet setup for Coordinate digitizing. From here on points digitized will match the coordinate system which we have just established.


Importing Data

Data Formats

Various forms of external data can be imported into the Terrain Module using menu File - Import. The following topics describe these formats.

1.	Importing Traverse and Map Data

2.	Importing ASCII Coordinate Data

3.	Importing DXF Data

4.	Importing Bitmap Image Data

5.	Importing Unit Survey

6.	Importing Polycorder ROADS Data

7.	Importing HP48-QTRAN Data

Large Coordinates

The TERRAIN module will not handle large coordinates. If the coordinates you are working with have greater than 6 significant digits, you should reduce them to a local coordinate system by subtracting a fixed datum.

For example suppose you are working in UTM coordinates. A coordinate  623118,5432500 should be reduced to a local coordinate system by subtracting 620000 and 5430000 respectively from the coordinates. This translation can be done at the time the file is imported into the TERRAIN.


Importing Terrain Files

Terrain files (*.ter) can be imported into the Terrain Module using menu File - Import.

This option is useful for combining or merging Terrain files.

NOTE: If the imported Terain file contains a TIN model it will be ignored.


Importing Traverse and Map Data

Traverse data can be imported into the Terrain Module using menu File - Import. The Traverse Document Import Options dialog box allows you to control the Feature Name, and inclusion of side shots.

Map Documents can also be imported using the menu File - Import. In this case, each traverse in the map in imported. The Map Import Options dialog box allows you control the inclusion of side shots.

NOTE: Imported traverses are embedded in the Terrain. Changing the traverse in Survey/Map module will have no effect on the Terrain unless the traverse is deleted and re-imported.


Importing ASCII Coordinate Data

ASCII coordinate data can be imported into the Terrain Module using menu File - Import. The system is shipped with several default formats. It is also possible to create new formats as described below.

Files generated externally can be imported into the Terrain module. The format of these files can be configured. By setting a series of parameters, you can create an External Format Specification (EFS); thus providing an interface with a variety of external file formats. These parameters are stored in a file called FILEINP.PRM (located in the ROADENG directory).

NOTE: The following procedure for creating an External Format Specification is not "user friendly". It is recommended that anyone attempting to create an EFS should have some computer programming background

1.	EFS Overview

2.	Parsing Features

3.	Parsing Records

4.	Parsing Fields

5.	Filtering

6.	Keyword Definitions

7.	Creating a New EFS


EFS Overview

EFS assumes that external files consist of the following items.

Features
A feature is a set of 'associated' x,y,z coordinate points, for example a contour line is a feature.  In the Terrain module many operations apply to Features (see Features for more information).

Records
A record is an item containing a single x,y,z coordinate point. Additional information can be also included in a record.

Fields
A field is a specific item contained in a record. For example the x coordinate is a field.

Example 1.

External File contains:

Features	Id	X	Y	Z	Records
feature 1 feature 2 feature 3	1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3	362.8 363.7 364.3 372.5 372.9 376.8 392.8 383.7 394.1 398.1	927.4 928.2 929.6 931.0 929.1 927.3 947.4 948.2 948.6 949.9	1700.0 1700.0 1700.0 1750.0 1750.0 1750.0 1800.0 1800.0 1800.0 1800.0	record 1 record 5 record 10
File consists of 3 contour features. The first two features contain 3 records and the 3rd feature contains 4 records. Each record contains 4 fields (id,x,y,z).

Example 2.

External File contains:

Features	X	Y	Z	Records
feature 1 feature 5 feature 10	1362.8 1363.7 1364.3 1372.5 1372.9 1376.8 1392.8 1383.7 1394.1 1398.1	2927.4 2928.2 2929.6 2931.0 2929.1 2927.3 2947.4 2948.2 2948.6 2949.9	2701.5 2706.0 2703.2 2711.4 2721.8 2721.1 2727.0 2718.4 2715.8 2716.0	record 1 record 5 record 10

This file consists of 10 features (random points). Each feature consists of 1 record. Each record contains 3 fields (x,y,z).


Parsing Records

Parsing is a computer term used to describe the rule for recognizing an item in an incoming file.

Records can be extracted from the external file by specifying a start string and an end string. The record start string and record end string are specified using the RecordStart and RecordEnd variables.

The most common record format is to end records with a CR (carriage return) LF (line feed) sequence. In this case no start string is specified.


Parsing Features

Parsing is a computer term used to describe the rule for recognizing an item in an incoming file.

Features can be recognized and extracted from an external file using several methods.

The following table summerizes these methods.

Feature Parse Code	Description
0	Each record is a feature Each record corresponds to 1 feature
1	Feature has an Id field There is a unique feature id field in each record. This feature Id field position must be specified as a parameter (FtrIdFldPos in the EFS specification). Whenever the value in this field changes a new feature is assumed to start.
2	Feature has a sequence number There is a sequence number field in each record. This Sequence number field position must be specified as a parameter (FtrISeqFldPos in the EFS). This field is assumed to be increasing in each record e.g. 1,2,3,..Whenever this number decreases a new feature is assumed to start.
3	Group of characters begins feature Feature begins with a starting character string. The contents of the Feature start characters must be specified (FeatureStart in the EFS ).
4	Group of characters ends feature Feature end with a character string. The contents of the Feature end characters must be specified (FeatureEnd in the EFS ).
5	Group of characters begins/ends feature Feature starts and ends with start and end strings.  The contents of the starting and ending strings must be specified (in the EFS the FeatureStart and FeatureEnd parameters must be set).
6	Entire file is one feature


Parsing Fields

Records contain various fields separated by one or more delimit characters. The delimit characters are specified using the FieldDelim parameter.

MANDATORY FIELDS

The following 2 fields must be included in the EFS.

XFldPos - X coordinate field position

YFldPos - Y coordinate field position

OPTIONAL FIELDS

These fields are optional and can be included as required.

ZFldPos - Z coordinate field position

CFldPos - Comment field position. NOTE: the maximum comment size 25 characters. This applies to comments attached to features. This restriction doesn't apply to comments entered as floating labels.


Filtering

Certain information can be included or excluded from the external file. This can be done in two ways.

RECORD SELECTION

Different record types can be recognized in an external file. To do this a record Type field position (RecTypeFldPos in the EFS) must be specified. Record types can be included or excluded (using the RecordIdUse and RecordIdSkip parameters in the EFS).

CHARACTER SKIPPING

Characters in the external file can be ignored using the CharSkip parameter.

In addition to record and character filtering, blank lines are always ignored in the external file.


Keyword Definitions

This section contains the EFS keyword definitions and their syntax.

Desc

The Desc keyword allows a description to be associated with the EFS. This description will appear in the File - Import list box of Terrain Tools.

syntax:Desc=character string
default:	nil
example:Desc=lotus 123 boundary coordinates

CustomLogic

This keyword is used by Terrain Tools to implement non standard formats such as binary files.

0 ASCII file
1-999 reserved for binary and non standard files.

syntax: CustomLogic=integer
default: 0
example:CustomLogic=0

IOtype

This keyword controls whether a EFS applies to import, export or both.

1 - import only
2 - export only
3 - both import and export

syntax: IOtype=integer
default: 1
example:IOtype=2

FeatureParse

This keyword controls the way in which a feature is parsed. The allowable values for this field are.

0- each record corresponds to 1 feature
1- there is a unique feature ID field in each record.
2- there is a sequence number field in each record
3- feature begins with a starting character string
4- feature ends with an ending character string
5- feature starts and ends with starting and ending strings.
6- the entire file is a single feature.

syntax: FeatureParse=integer
default: 0
example:FeatureParse=4

RecordParse

This keyword is used to determine how records are parsed. The following values are or will be available.

0  - records end with a character sequence
1  - records are fixed length (NOT IMPLEMENTED)

syntax:	RecordParse=integer
default:	0
example:	RecordParse=0

FieldParse

This keyword is used to determine how fields are parsed. The following values are or will be available.

0  - fields are delimited with one or more characters
1  - fields are fixed length (NOT IMPLEMENTED)

syntax:FieldParse=integer
default:0
example:RecordParse=0

FeatureStart

This keyword allows a feature starting string to be defined. The starting string which precedes a feature is defined in ASCII characters. NOTE the feature starting character string must be on a separate record.

syntax:	FeatureStart=character string
default:	nil (no start string)
example:	FeatureStart=BEGINFEAT

FeatureEnd

This keyword allows a feature ending string to be defined. The ending string which follows a feature is defined in ASCII characters. NOTE the feature ending character string must be on a separate record.

syntax: FeatureEnd=character string
default: nil (no end string)
example: FeatureEnd=ENDFEAT

RecordStart

The starting string which precedes a record is defined by specifying a series of characters in their decimal form separated by commas. See ASCII Decimal Equivalents.
syntax: RecordStart=integer,integer,..
default: nil (no record start string used)
example:RecordStart=58

RecordEnd

The ending string which follows a record is defined by specifying a series of characters in their decimal form separated by commas. See ASCII Decimal Equivalents.

syntax: RecordEnd=integer,integer,..
default: 13,10 (CR LF)
example: RecordEnd=10

RecordIdSkip

This parameter specifies record types that are to be ignored in the external file. If this field is used then the RecTypeFldPos variable must also be defined. Record types to be ignored are specified in ASCII separated by commas.

syntax: RecordIdSkip=character string,character string,...
default: nil (all records are included)
example: RecordIdSkip=A22,A23

RecordIdUse

This parameter specifies record types that are to be used in the external file. All other records are ignored. If this field is used then the RecTypeFldPos variable must also be defined. Record types to be used are specified in ASCII separated by commas.

syntax:RecordIdUse=character string,character string,...
default:nil (all records are included)
example:RecordIdUse=A22,A23

FieldDelim

This parameter specifies the delimit character(s) used to separate records in the external file. The delimiters are specified as series of characters in their decimal form separated by commas. See ASCII Decimal Equivalents.

syntax:FieldDelim=integer,integer,...
default:32,44 (space or comma)
example:FieldDelim=32,44,59

CharSkip

This parameter specifies the character(s) that should be ignored in the external file. They are specified as series of characters in their decimal form separated by commas. See ASCII Decimal Equivalents.

syntax: CharSkip=integer,integer,...
default: nil (no characters are ignored)
example:CharSkip=95

XFldPos

This parameter specifies the position in the record of the x coordinate. This variable must be included in every EFS.

syntax:XFldPos=integer
default:nil
example:XFldPos=2

YFldPos

This parameter specifies the position in the record of the y coordinate. This variable must be included in every EFS.

syntax: YFldPos=integer
default: nil
example: YFldPos=4

ZFldPos

This parameter specifies the position in the record of the z coordinate. If this variable is not specified the z coordinate is assumed to be 0.

syntax: ZFldPos=integer
default: nil (feature has no elevation)
example: ZFldPos=2

CFldPos

This parameter specifies the position in the record of a comment. If this variable is not specified no comment field is recognized. The maximum comment field size is 25 characters.

syntax: CFldPos=integer
default: nil (no comment field)
example: CFldPos=5

FtrSeqFldPos

This parameter specifies the position in the record of the feature sequence number field.
syntax: FtrSeqFldPos=integer
default: nil (no sequence field is assumed)
example:FtrSeqFldPos=2

FtrIdFldPos

This parameter specifies the position in the record of the feature id field.

syntax:FtrIdFldPos=integer
default:nil (no feature id field is assumed)
example:FtrIdFldPos=3

RecTypeFldPos

This parameter specifies the position in the record of the record type field.

syntax:RecTypeFldPos=integer
default:nil (no record type field is assumed)
example:RecTypeFldPos=1

FtrConnectFlg

This field indicates (if set to 1) that points in a feature are connected.

syntax:FtrConnectFlg=integer
default:1
example:FtrConnectFlg=0


Creating a New EFS

Creating A New EFS

To create a new EFS you must edit the file FILEINP.PRM located in the ROADENG directory. Each EFS defined in this file must have a name identifier under the [EFS] NAMES section.

[EFS]
NAMES=SURVEY,DXF,ASCII1,RANDOM,PUDDXF

Examples

EFS Example 3

Lotus compatible single feature. Example 1. Lotus 123 compatible file (created in the LOCATION module). The file contains 1 single feature. Note the first field is ignored.

Example 3 File

6003.0  0.0   0.0 100.0, pier location
6013.0  -5.2   8.6  100.4
6023.0  -10.3  17.1  100.9
6033.0  -16.1  25.3  101.3
6043.0  -22.0   33.4  101.7
6053.0  -26.1  42.3  102.2
6063.0  -29.0  51.9  102.6
6069.8  -31.0  58.4  102.9
6073.0  -32.0  61.4  103.2
6083.0  -35.3  70.9  104.3
6091.6  -38.1  79.0  105.2, tie point
6093.0  -38.5  80.4  105.2
6103.0  -41.7  89.9  105.4
6113.0  -44.8  99.4  105.5
6123.0  -47.8  108.9  105.6
6133.0  -49.8  118.5  105.8
6143.0  -48.3  128.3  105.9

Example 3 EFS
[LOTUS1]
Desc=Lotus Compatible Single Feature
CustomLogic=0
FeatureParse=6	(entire file is a single feature)
RecordEnd=13,10	(record ends with CR/LF)
FieldDelim=32	(fields are space delimited)
XFldPos=2
YFldPos=3
ZFldPos=4
CFldPos=5	(comment field position)

EFS Example 4

File produced by System X, contains 3 features (the feature id is in field 1). NOTE: no Z coordinate is included.

Example 4 File
1;62.1,102.4
1;63.2,102.3
1;65.3,103.8
1;67.4,103.0
1;65.5,106.0
1;64.6,102.2
1;62.7,103.3
1;61.8,107.2
1;64.9,101.7
1;61.1,102.3
2;62.1,103.6
2;63.2,102.3
2;64.7,106.1
2;62.8,103.1
2;68.9,104.2
2;61.10,103.3
3;65.1,102.3
3;63.2,103.3
3;62.3,105.1
3;67.4,102.2
3;62.5,102.3
3;69.10,108.2

Example 4 EFS
[SYSTEM X]
Desc=System X (features with ID's)
CustomLogic=0
FeatureParse=1	(features are identified by a unique id)
FtrIdPos=1	(feature id is in position 1)
RecordEnd=13,10	(features end with CR/LF)
FieldDelim=59,44	(fields are separated with either ';' or ',')
XFldPos=2
YFldPos=3

EFSEFS Example 5

File contains 2 features (the feature sequence number is in field 1).

Example 5 File:

1  0.0   0.0  100.0
2  -5.2   8.6  100.4
3  -10.3  17.1  100.9
4  -16.1  25.3  101.3
5  -22.0  33.4  101.7
6  -26.1  42.3  102.2
7 -29.0  51.9  102.6
8  -31.0  58.4  102.9
9  -32.0  61.4  103.2
1  -48.3  128.3  105.9........................record 10 begin 2nd feature
2  -47.1  136.0  106.0
3  -46.7  138.2  106.0
4  -45.2  148.1  106.0
5  -43.7  158.0  106.0
6  -46.2  167.7  106.0
7  -48.6  177.4  106.0
8  -49.7  182.2  106.0

Example 5 EFS:
[SYSTEM Y]
Desc=Features with Sequence Numbers
FeatureParse=2	(features are identified by a sequence number)
RecordEnd=13,10
FieldDelim=32	(fields are separated by one or more spaces)
XFldPos=2
YFldPos=3
ZFldPos=4
FtrSeqFldPos=1	(Sequence number is in field 1)

EFS Example 6

File contains 2 features. Features end with an EF string. Record types 2, 3 and 4 are ignored.

Example 6 File:
2 230.2 124.2 .................................................record ignored
1  0.0  0.0  100.0
1  -5.2   8.6  100.4
1 -10.3  17.1  100.9
1 -16.1  25.3  101.3
1 -22.0  33.4  101.7
1 -26.1  42.3  102.2
1 -29.0  51.9  102.6
1 -31.0  58.4  102.9
1 -32.0  61.4  103.2
2 230.2 124.2 ..............................................record ignored
3 Azimuth 225..............................................record ignored
4 Left Ridge..................................................record ignored
1 -35.3  70.9  104.3
1 -38.1  79.0  105.2
1 -38.5  80.4  105.2
1 -44.8  99.4  105.5
1 -47.8 118.5  105.8
1 -48.3  128.3  105.9
1 -47.1  136.0  106.0
2 260.2 124.2 ..............................................record ignored
1 -46.7  138.2  106.0
1 -45.2  148.1  106.0
1 -43.7  158.0  106.0
1 -48.2  207.1  104.4
1 -45.1  216.6  103.8
1 -42.1  226.1  103.1
1 -38.9  235.6  102.5
1 -35.4  244.9  101.8
1 -31.7  254.2  101.2
2 360.2 124.2................................................record ignored
1 -30.6  257.0  101.0
1 -27.8  263.5  100.7
1 -26.2  273.3  100.3
EF....................................................................end of first feature
2 60.2 29.1
2 61.2 39.1
1 -24.8  283.2  100.0
1 -25.3  293.2  99.6
1 -25.8  303.2  99.2
1 -24.8  313.1  98.8
EF...................................................................end of second feature

Example 6 EFS:
[SYSTEM Z]
Desc=Features with Ending Terminator
FeatureParse=4	(feature ends with an ending string)
RecordEnd=13,10
FeatureEnd=EF	(feature ending string)
FieldDelim=32
XFldPos=2
YFldPos=3
ZFldPos=4
RecTypeFldPos=1	(record type field)
RecordIdSkip=2,3,4	(ignore records with 2,3 or 4)


Importing DXF Data

DXF data can be imported into the Terrain Module using menu File - Import.  The DXF Import Options dialog box allows you to control the feature naming, dimensionality and point grouping.

Supported DXF Entities

It is generally not necessary to understand the format of a DXF file since in most cases the file is created automatically by other software. However you should be aware that the following DXF entities only, are supported.

POINT

LINE

ARC

CIRCLE

3DLINE

3DFACE

POLYLINE

TEXT

All other entities in the DXF file are ignored (silently).

Elevation Data

If you intend to use DXF information for calculating terrain models, contours or profiles you must be sure that the DXF file contains the elevation of each data point. This is not necessary if the DXF information is used only for display purposes.

Binary Format

Binary and ASCII DXF files are supported (binary files are smaller and faster).

Large Files with Isolated Point Entities

When a DXF file containing isolated points (e.g. spot elevations) is imported into the TERRAIN module, by default, each point is converted to a feature. Saving each point as an individual feature can take more space and slow screen display times for large files. To overcome this problem select the Options button and Combine isolated point entities into features. The feature created will be unconnected.


Importing Bitmap Image Data

Bitmap Images can be imported into the Terrain Module using menu File - Import. The Bitmap Image Options dialog box allows you to control the image location and format.

Image formats supported include BMP, JPG and TIF.


Importing Unit Survey

Unit Survey data can be imported into the Terrain Module using menu File - Import. The Unit Survey Import Options dialog box allows you to control the format of the incoming data.

The unit survey format reads raw survey shot data. It is very useful for downloading general survey information such as radial surveys or digital data collected with a Laser Gun. The file contains foreshots, backshots and side shots.

The coordinates of each leg of the traverse are calculated based on the azimuth, inclination and distance. When a traverse contains loops, adjustments for closure are not automatic. Foreshots, backshots and multiple shots for the same leg of a traverse are averaged.

The file is in ASCII format with fields delimited by commas.

Each record contains the following fields.

SURVEY IDENTIFIER	Maximum of 8 characters or numbers uniquely identifying the name of the traverse. The characters should be a valid DOS file name.
MEASUREMENT TYPE	One of SR,FS,BS or SD. SR = Start reference FS = Foreshot BS = Backshot SD = Sideshot
For Measurement types FS, BS and SD the following fields are included in the record.

FROM,TO	From, To point indicators.
VERTICAL MEASUREMENT	Azimuth - decimal degrees or D:M:S.
VERTICAL MEASUREMENT	This field is optional for BS type records. Can be any one of the following (see File - Import Feature Set - Options). Inclination Angle - decimal degrees or D:M:S Zenith Angle - decimal degrees or D:M:S Slope % Elevation Elevation difference
DISTANCE MEASUREMENT	Distance can be horizontal or slope and is assumed to match Softree project units. This field is optional for BS type records.
HI	Height of instrument
HT	Height of target
Code	Code identified with the "TO" point. Max 15 characters.
For Measurement types SR the following fields are included in the record.

X	Starting Easting (X coordinate)
Y	Starting Northing (Y coordinate)
Z	Starting Elevation (Z coordinate)
CODE	Starting code
Unit Survey Importing Procedure

1.	Create a *.pol file using a spreadsheet or by transferring data from the Criterion using Laser Technology's download and conversion program. NOTE the file must be in ASCII format. Be sure to use the "SaveAs" menu in your spread sheet software to save the file as a comma (",") delimited ASCII file.

2.	From the File menu of TERRAIN select Import.

3.	Select Unit Survey format.

4.	Choose Options to select the formatting of the fields such as Zenith or Inclination etc.

5.	Select *.pol file.

Example

TRAV1,SR,1420,2230,1311,BM1

TRAV1,BS,2,1,180:30:00,.356,120,0,0

TRAV1,FS,1,2,75:30:00,.356,120,0,0,TP2

TRAV1,SD,2,5,340:30:00,.12,67,0,0,SS2-5

TRAV1,SD,2,6,5:30:00,.12,33,0,0,SS2-6

TRAV1,FS,2,3,90:30:00,.256,60,0,0,TP3

TRAV1,FS,3,4,45:30:00,.12,93,0,0,TP4

TRAV1,SD,4,8,25:30:00,.12,85,0,0,SS4-8

TRAV1,SD,4,9,45:30:00,.12,85,0,0,SS4-9

TRAV1,SD,4,10,75:30:00,.12,85,0,0,SS4-10


Unit Survey Raw File Format

The Raw Survey format is compatible with files downloaded from Laser Technologies Criterion Series Gun.  This file format is similar to the Unit Survey Format. Raw files should be imported with the following options set in Unit Survey Import Options Dialog.

Vertical: Inclination (decimal degrees)

Horizontal: Azimuth (decimal degrees)

Distance: Slope Distance (project units)

Refer to Laser technologies documentation for more information.

Example File.

$PLTIT,UD,1,1,FS,1,2,,,,,,*52

$PLTIT,UD,1,2,SD,1,3,217.4,D,-1.85,D,24.1,F*1C $PLTIT,UD,1,3,SD,1,4,218.9,D,-2.05,D,51.7,F*17 $PLTIT,UD,1,4,SD,1,5,218.5,D,-2.11,D,78.7,F*13 $PLTIT,UD,1,5,SD,1,6,217.6,D,-1.72,D,104.8,F*2E $PLTIT,UD,1,6,SD,1,7,34.4,D,-0.03,D,27.3,F*21 $PLTIT,UD,1,7,SD,1,8,33.2,D,0.46,D,52.7,F*04 $PLTIT,UD,1,8,SD,1,9,32.1,D,0.45,D,73.8,F*07 $PLTIT,UD,1,9,SD,1,10,30.4,D,0.68,D,99.7,F*3D $PLTIT,UD,1,10,FS,2,11,320.4,D,-1.10,D,26.9,F*1E $PLTIT,UD,1,11,SD,2,12,216.1,D,-9.35,D,21.2,F*1C $PLTIT,UD,1,12,SD,2,13,216.4,D,-0.31,D,42.0,F*11 $PLTIT,UD,1,13,SD,2,14,212.7,D,0.08,D,74.1,F*33 $PLTIT,UD,1,14,SD,2,15,211.9,D,-2.35,D,79.6,F*13 $PLTIT,UD,1,15,SD,2,16,31.3,D,4.62,D,28.0,F*00 $PLTIT,UD,1,16,SD,2,17,32.2,D,0.38,D,56.4,F*06 $PLTIT,UD,1,17,SD,2,18,32.7,D,0.89,D,90.6,F*0F $PLTIT,UD,1,18,SD,2,19,32.6,D,1.36,D,116.4,F*38 $PLTIT,UD,1,19,FS,11,20,297.4,D,-0.65,D,23.9,F*2C $PLTIT,UD,1,20,SD,11,21,213.6,D,-0.53,D,22.2,F*24 $PLTIT,UD,1,21,SD,11,22,206.1,D,-6.29,D,42.4,F*2E $PLTIT,UD,1,22,SD,11,23,205.9,D,-3.83,D,69.1,F*2E $PLTIT,UD,1,23,SD,11,24,27.1,D,-7.81,D,35.1,F*1D $PLTIT,UD,1,24,SD,11,25,27.1,D,-1.26,D,56.6,F*12 $PLTIT,UD,1,25,SD,11,26,25.8,D,0.32,D,79.0,F*39 $PLTIT,UD,1,26,FS,20,27,276.5,D,-2.86,D,25.5,F*2E $PLTIT,UD,1,27,SD,20,28,194.9,D,-5.96,D,24.1,F*22 $PLTIT,UD,1,28,SD,20,29,199.7,D,-12.25,D,44.8,F*1E $PLTIT,UD,1,29,SD,20,30,200.6,D,-8.34,D,69.5,F*2C $PLTIT,UD,1,30,SD,20,31,10.2,D,-8.83,D,30.8,F*1F $PLTIT,UD,1,31,SD,20,32,7.1,D,-7.04,D,56.1,F*21 $PLTIT,UD,1,32,SD,20,33,6.8,D,-4.89,D,68.5,F*24 $PLTIT,UD,1,33,SD,20,34,6.8,D,-2.83,D,84.6,F*2F $PLTIT,UD,1,34,FS,27,35,269.2,D,-7.79,D,24.6,F*27 $PLTIT,UD,1,35,SD,27,36,186.9,D,0.53,D,15.3,F*0B $PLTIT,UD,1,36,SD,27,37,183.0,D,-10.17,D,44.5,F*1B $PLTIT,UD,1,37,SD,27,38,347.7,D,-1.06,D,17.1,F*2A $PLTIT,UD,1,38,SD,27,39,346.9,D,-12.15,D,29.9,F*1E $PLTIT,UD,1,39,SD,27,40,352.5,D,-6.02,D,54.8,F*20 $PLTIT,UD,1,40,FS,35,41,255.4,D,-36.47,D,12.1,F*10 $PLTIT,UD,1,41,SD,35,42,177.0,D,-0.30,D,23.9,F*28 $PLTIT,UD,1,42,SD,35,43,173.8,D,-0.12,D,53.0,F*28 $PLTIT,UD,1,43,SD,35,44,175.8,D,-1.00,D,80.0,F*24 $PLTIT,UD,1,44,SD,35,45,,,,,,*65 $PLTIT,UD,1,45,SD,35,46,311.1,D,-0.62,D,24.6,F*24 $PLTIT,UD,1,46,SD,35,47,333.1,D,-0.18,D,52.9,F*25 $PLTIT,UD,1,47,SD,35,48,341.3,D,-0.14,D,73.3,F*29 $PLTIT,UD,1,48,SD,35,49,343.8,D,-0.13,D,106.8,F*11 $PLTIT,UD,1,49,SD,35,50,,,,,,*6C $PLTIT,UD,1,50,FS,41,51,,,,,,*64 $PLTIT,UD,1,51,SD,41,52,192.9,D,-1.79,D,108.1,F*15 $PLTIT,UD,1,52,SD,41,53,192.2,D,-1.53,D,72.7,F*2E $PLTIT,UD,1,53,SD,41,54,208.2,D,-1.76,D,40.2,F*2B $PLTIT,UD,1,54,SD,41,55,271.4,D,-5.96,D,27.4,F*28 $PLTIT,UD,1,55,SD,41,56,303.7,D,-2.90,D,45.5,F*29 $PLTIT,UD,1,56,SD,41,57,321.8,D,-1.89,D,62.1,F*2E $PLTIT,UD,1,57,SD,41,58,337.6,D,-0.77,D,105.2,F*1A $PLTIT,UD,1,58,FS,51,59,263.4,D,-2.95,D,52.8,F*22 $PLTIT,UD,1,59,SD,51,60,168.9,D,-0.26,D,31.2,F*2B $PLTIT,UD,1,60,SD,51,61,173.4,D,-0.85,D,65.0,F*2D $PLTIT,UD,1,61,SD,51,62,174.8,D,-1.23,D,103.0,F*18 $PLTIT,UD,1,62,SD,51,63,,,,,,*67 $PLTIT,UD,1,63,FS,59,64,270.8,D,40.17,D,16.1,F*3A $PLTIT,UD,1,64,SD,59,65,168.9,D,-23.03,D,22.3,F*1D $PLTIT,UD,1,65,SD,59,66,162.4,D,-12.61,D,49.5,F*15 $PLTIT,UD,1,66,SD,59,67,162.3,D,-9.38,D,70.1,F*28 $PLTIT,UD,1,67,SD,59,68,345.8,D,2.09,D,14.1,F*0C $PLTIT,UD,1,68,SD,59,69,332.6,D,-10.39,D,27.9,F*19 $PLTIT,UD,1,69,SD,59,70,341.9,D,-6.39,D,47.5,F*26 $PLTIT,UD,1,70,SD,59,71,348.8,D,-4.41,D,67.2,F*2F $PLTIT,UD,1,71,FS,64,72,280.6,D,3.90,D,26.6,F*0D $PLTIT,UD,1,72,SD,64,73,185.4,D,-2.88,D,22.9,F*27 $PLTIT,UD,1,73,SD,64,74,189.1,D,-2.91,D,47.8,F*22 $PLTIT,UD,1,74,SD,64,75,192.3,D,-2.08,D,66.3,F*24 $PLTIT,UD,1,75,SD,64,76,194.2,D,-3.44,D,81.1,F*23 $PLTIT,UD,1,76,SD,64,77,2.5,D,-8.49,D,19.5,F*2B $PLTIT,UD,1,77,SD,64,78,357.3,D,-4.00,D,45.8,F*25 $PLTIT,UD,1,78,SD,64,79,354.7,D,1.43,D,64.1,F*09 $PLTIT,UD,1,79,SD,64,80,354.8,D,2.63,D,68.4,F*09 $PLTIT,UD,1,80,FS,72,81,259.3,D,2.48,D,27.7,F*0D $PLTIT,UD,1,81,SD,72,82,187.4,D,-4.77,D,17.8,F*21 $PLTIT,UD,1,82,SD,72,83,185.1,D,-7.73,D,37.5,F*2C $PLTIT,UD,1,83,SD,72,84,182.5,D,-5.28,D,55.7,F*23 $PLTIT,UD,1,84,SD,72,85,186.3,D,-2.81,D,73.2,F*22 $PLTIT,UD,1,85,SD,72,86,191.8,D,-3.35,D,86.9,F*22 $PLTIT,UD,1,86,SD,72,87,356.1,D,0.13,D,30.2,F*0C $PLTIT,UD,1,87,SD,72,88,355.4,D,3.07,D,52.3,F*07 $PLTIT,UD,1,88,SD,72,89,358.4,D,6.55,D,65.3,F*02 $PLTIT,UD,1,89,SD,72,90,358.8,D,6.98,D,80.7,F*09 $PLTIT,UD,1,90,FS,81,91,279.3,D,5.11,D,51.8,F*06 $PLTIT,UD,1,91,SD,81,92,190.8,D,-5.09,D,27.4,F*20 $PLTIT,UD,1,92,SD,81,93,188.5,D,-2.87,D,41.4,F*27 $PLTIT,UD,1,93,SD,81,94,186.9,D,-4.71,D,62.6,F*2F $PLTIT,UD,1,94,SD,81,95,187.6,D,-3.79,D,77.8,F*22 $PLTIT,UD,1,95,SD,81,96,7.2,D,6.88,D,21.6,F*06 $PLTIT,UD,1,96,SD,81,97,8.3,D,11.49,D,51.2,F*32 $PLTIT,UD,1,97,SD,81,98,10.0,D,15.66,D,72.2,F*0E $PLTIT,UD,1,98,FS,91,99,305.0,D,7.35,D,43.3,F*02 $PLTIT,UD,1,99,SD,91,100,220.7,D,0.96,D,13.9,F*30 $PLTIT,UD,1,100,SD,91,101,230.7,D,-7.49,D,35.7,F*23 $PLTIT,UD,1,101,SD,91,102,235.1,D,0.13,D,59.5,F*0F $PLTIT,UD,1,102,SD,91,103,236.2,D,4.38,D,82.4,F*07 $PLTIT,UD,1,103,SD,91,104,46.4,D,3.79,D,12.0,F*3D $PLTIT,UD,1,104,SD,91,105,37.7,D,22.67,D,19.9,F*00 $PLTIT,UD,1,105,SD,91,106,35.3,D,16.78,D,37.9,F*01 $PLTIT,UD,1,106,SD,91,107,37.6,D,14.71,D,50.6,F*01 $PLTIT,UD,1,107,SD,91,108,,,,,,*65 $PLTIT,UD,1,108,SD,91,109,,,,,,*6B $PLTIT,UD,1,109,FS,99,110,325.4,D,8.75,D,48.3,F*05 $PLTIT,UD,1,110,SD,99,111,245.3,D,4.28,D,12.3,F*05 $PLTIT,UD,1,111,SD,99,112,235.9,D,-8.96,D,24.8,F*20 $PLTIT,UD,1,112,SD,99,113,235.4,D,-4.63,D,40.0,F*23 $PLTIT,UD,1,113,SD,99,114,236.9,D,10.92,D,56.5,F*3F $PLTIT,UD,1,114,SD,99,115,235.3,D,14.67,D,77.0,F*38 $PLTIT,UD,1,115,SD,99,116,37.3,D,27.46,D,16.5,F*0B $PLTIT,UD,1,116,SD,99,117,51.7,D,32.83,D,28.4,F*0C


Importing Polycorder ROADS Data

Polycorder ROADS data can be imported into the Terrain Module using menu File - Import.

File Format

Information for each station is contained on a single, comma-delimited line (fields are separated by commas).

Each line has 27 fields. Each field has a maximum length and is either a numerical type or a character type as denoted by N or C in the table below. If a field is a character field then it must be enclosed in double quotations (").

Information for each station is contained on a single line.

File Specification

Field Name	Type	Maximum Length	Field Description
Station	N	6	Station Number (accumulated horizontal distance)
Distance	N	5	Horizontal Distance to next station
Bearing	N	5	Azimuth Degrees to next station
Slope	N	5	Percent Slope
Label	C	60	Station description
Culvert	N	3	Width of culvert
Soil1	C	2	Two characters to represent soil type of top layer. User defined.
Depth	N	4	Depth of top layer
Soil2	C	2	Two characters to represent soil type of lower layer. User defined.
SSL1	N	5	Percent slope from station to first left side shot
SSL1Dist	N	4	Slope distance from station to first left side shot
SSL1Depth	N	4	Depth of top layer of  first left side shot
SSR1	N	5	Percent slope from station to first right side shot
SSR1Dist	N	4	Slope distance from station to first right side shot
SSR1Depth	N	4	Depth of top layer of  first right side shot
SSL2	N	5	Percent slope from first to second left side shot
SSL2Dist	N	4	Slope distance from first to second left side shot
SSL2Depth	N	4	Depth of top layer of  second left side shot
SSR2	N	5	Percent slope from first to second right side shot
SSR2Dist	N	4	Slope distance from first to second right side shot
SSR2Depth	N	4	Depth of top layer of  second right side shot
SSL3	N	5	Percent slope from second to third left side shot
SSL3Dist	N	4	Slope distance from second to third left side shot
SSL3Depth	N	4	Depth of top layer of third left side shot
SSR3	N	5	Percent slope from second to third right side shot
SSR3Dist	N	4	Slope distance from second to third right side shot
SSR3Depth	N	4	Depth of top layer of third right side shot
Example

0.0,20.0,120.0,-5.0,"",450,"CS",1.0,"RK",-6.0,0.0,0.0,6.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

20.0,20.0,124.0,-8.0,"",0,"CS",2.0,"RK",4.0,0.0,0.0,-6.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

40.0,20.0,112.0,-7.0,"",0,"SI",0.5,"RK",-6.0,0.0,0.0,6.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

60.0,20.0,134.0,4.0,"",0,"LO",2.0,"RK",-6.0,0.0,0.0,6.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

80.0,20.0,123.0,1.0,"",0,"CS",1.0,"RK",-5.0,0.0,0.0,5.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

100.0,20.0,134.0,2.0,"",0,"FS",1.0,"RK",-6.0,0.0,0.0,6.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

120.0,20.0,113.0,-3.0,"",0,"LO",1.0,"RK",-5.0,10.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,12.0,15.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

140.0,20.0,117.0,-6.0,"",0,"LO",2.0,"RK",-2.0,0.0,0.0,2.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

160.0,20.0,120.0,-5.0,"",0,"LO",2.0,"RK",0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

180.0,20.0,125.0,0.0,"",0,"OR",5.0,"SD",0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

200.0,40.0,125.0,0.0,"2 PIPES",900,"OR",5.0,"RK",0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

240.0,40.0,125.0,0.0,"SUPPORT",0,"OR",5.0,"SD",0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

280.0,20.0,123.0,1.0,"",0,"LO",3.0,"RK",-2.0,0.0,0.0,3.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

300.0,20.0,123.0,1.0,"",0,"CS",1.0,"RK",-4.0,0.0,0.0,2.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

320.0,20.0,123.0,1.0,"",0,"CS",1.0,"RK",-5.0,0.0,0.0,5.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0


Importing HP48-QTRAN Data

HP 48 data can be imported into the Terrain Module using menu File - Import.

The HP 48 file import format is not a text file: its fields are delimited by the ASCII character 13 (in hexadecimal 0xD) which cannot be generated by most text editors. The following tables describe the fields in the HP48 file format.

HP 48 File Specification

Station Data
Section Number	N
Station	N		Station number
Distance	N		Horizontal Distance to next station
Slope	N		Percent Slope to next station
Bearing	N		Bearing Ahead
Quadrant Flag	N	1	Bearing/Azimuth format 1,2,3 or 4 for quadrants NE, SE, SW and NW respectively. 0 indicates Azimuth
Azimuth / Bearing	N	2	11 indicates horizontal distance, 31 indicates slope distance measured between stations.
Side Shot Data
Slope	N		Percent slope
Slope Distance	N		Slope distance
Turning Point	C	1	'T' indicates turning point, blank for no turning point
End Station Data
Shot Set Delimiter	N	3	Must always be 666
Comment	C	20	Comment or label for the station - must be terminated with ASCII characters 11 and 13. (in hex: 0xD 0xA)
Station Delimiter	N	1	Must always be 777

Note 1: Every field, including the Comment field must be followed by ASCII character 13 (hexadecimal: 0xD).

To discuss the file format we adopt the following notation. (*1) [Station Data][Side Shot Data] ... [Side Shot Data][End Station Data]

Line (*1) will represent the concatenation of the first collection of fields above (called [Station Data]) with a list of the second collection of fields (called [Side Shot Data]) with the last collection of fields (called [End Station Data]). As all these fields together comprise the data for a given section, we will refer to the list of fields given by (*1) as [Section Data]. A HP48 import file can then be expressed as:

[Section Data][Section Data] ... [Section Data]

Note 2: There are no supplementary delimiters needed between collections of fields.

To discuss the list [Shot Data]...[Shot Data] in (*1) we will use a subscript to refer to a specific [Shot Data] within the list. (*2) [Side Shot Data]1 [Side Shot Data]2 [Side Shot Data]3 [Side Shot Data]4 	[Side ShotData]5

Every list of [Side Shot Data] must contain one which represents the center line. (See description of [Side Shot Data] in table above).

The left most [Side Shot Data] corresponds to the shot the furthest from the center line to the left. Moving to the right in the list corresponds to moving towards centerline. After centerline is reached, continuing to the right moves away from the centerline to the right.

The slope and slope distance are taken with respect to last reference point (moving from the centerline outward). The centerline [Side Shot Data] is always the first point. If the Turning Point field in a given [Side Shot Data] is set to 'T', then this [Shot Data] becomes the new reference point.

Suppose in line (*2) that [Side Shot Data]4 is the centerline and [Side Shot Data]2 is a new reference point. In this case, the slope and slope distance of [Side Shot Data]3 and [Side Shot Data]2 will be relative to [Side Shot Data]4; [Side Shot Data]1, however, will be relative to [Side Shot Data]2.

HP 48 Example

Station Data

Section	Sta	H.D.	%Slope	Azimuth	Comment
1	0+00	60	+12	167.3	JCT SPUR
Side shots

5/50 40/10 70/4T 0/2 0/0 18/3 0/15 -35/20 -10/50

Data File Contents

1	section no 1
0	station no 0+00
60	horizontal or slope distance = 60ft
12	slope between stations = 12%
167.30	azimuth or bearing = 167 deg 30 min
0	0 indicates azimuth, 1-4 indicates quadrant for bearing
11	11 indicates HD, 31 indicates SD
5	5 % slope -- beginning of left side shots
50	50 ft slope distance
blank for no turning point
40	40% slope
10	10 ft. slope distance
blank for no turning point
70	70% slope
4	4 ft slope dist
T	turning point
0	0% slope
2	2 ft. slope dist

0	centerline always 0%
0	centerline always 0'

18	beginning of right side shot data
3

0
15

-35
20

-10
50

666	end of topog data
JCT SPUR	comment for section 1
777	end of data for section 1
2	section 2
60	station 0+60


ASCII Decimal Equivalents

Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63	ASCII null (Nul) ^A SOH ^B STX ^C ETX ^D E0T ^E ENQ ^F ACK ^G BEL (bell) ^H BS (backspace) ^I HT (horizontal tab) ^J LF (line feed) ^K VT (vertical tab) ^L FF (form feed) ^M CR (carriage return) ^N SO ^O SI ^P DLE ^Q DC1 ^R DC2 ^S DC3 ^T DC4 ^U NAK ^V SYN ^W ETB ^X CAN ^Y EM ^Z SUB Escape FS GS RS US Space ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?	Decimal 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127	ASCII @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ Del


Terrain Modelling

1.	Overview

2.	Breaklines

3.	Including and Excluding Areas

4.	Draped Profiles and TIN Points

5.	Contouring

6.	Volumes

7.	Surface Properties


Overview

Why Terrain Modelling?

A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is a 3 dimensional surface which can be used to generate contours and profiles. Terrain uses a Triangular Irregular Network or TIN model (this is somtimes reffered to as a Delaunay Tesselation). An array of connected triangles (planar facets) is created by essentially "connecting the dots". The vertices of the triangles are points with known elevations. Each triangle in the DTM represents a planer facet.  The outer extent of the triangles forms a polygon (triangle boundary). The elevation of any point inside this boundary is defined by the corresponding elevation of the triangle which encloses it.

Creating a Terrain Model

The TERRAIN module function Edit - Calculate Terrain Model allows you to create a DTM, and generate contours.

The time required to calculate a DTM increases rapidly with the number of points. For large data sets (> 10000 points) this time can become significant.


Breaklines

Identifying and modelling breakline features can significantly improve the accuracy of a TIN model and the associated contours. Breaklines are sharp changes in ground slope, e.g. edge of a road, creek bank, edge of ditch or a rock bluff.

Triangles should not be allowed to form across these features, since doing so would flatten the slope across the breakline. The Terrain module has a facility to handle these breaklines by creating artificial points along the feature. The additional points prevent the triangles from crossing the feature.

Creating a Breakline from an Existing Elevation Feature

1.	Select the elevation feature by left clicking on it with the selection cursor.

2.	Select menu Edit Modify Selected Feature(s) - Properties, the Feature Properties Dialog will appear.

3.	The feature selected should have Elevation already selected, if it doesn't see example Creating a New Breakline from a Draped Feature.

4.	Select checkbox Breakline and set the Spacing small enough to ensure that triangles will not cross the feature (this step may require several iterations if the spacing is not set small enough).

5.	Calculate the Terrain Model using menu Edit - Calculate Terrain Model.

Creating a New Breakline from a Draped Feature

Often breakline features don't exist in the raw data. In this case, it may be nessecary to create a breakline by drawing one with the mouse. This can be done as follows.

1.	Select menu Edit - Calculate Terrain Model to create an initial TIN model (the TIN model is required to determine the elevations of the new feature).

2.	Press the Draw New Feature button on the toolbar to begin drawing the breakline.

3.	Using the mouse, create points at existing triangle vertices (for more information on drawing a feature see Drawing and Editing a Feature). NOTE: the elevations of the new feature will be correct because the triangle vertices are at origional elevations.

4.	After drawing the feature, select menu Edit Modify Selected Feature(s) - Properties, the Feature Properties Dialog will appear. Enable the Elevations checkbox.

5.	You now have an elevation feature and can follow the procedure above (Creating a Breakline from an Existing Elevation Feature) to make this feature into a breakline.


Including and Excluding Areas

There is two methods for controlling the area over which triangles are created, Maximum Side Length and TBND Feature Boundary.

Maximum Side Length Control

A common problem which occurs when creating a DTM is that large triangles often formed across void areas. To prevent this from occurring the Maximum Side Length parameter can be used to restrict the size of the triangles created. To estimate the Maximum Side Length enable horizontal and vertical grid line display. The following figures illustrate the use of side length control.

Erroneous Triangles Extending Across a Void Area

Triangles Generated with Maximum Side Length Control

TBND Feature Boundary.

When triangles are created, features named TBND are used to limit the extent of the triangulation.  All triangles with their center point inside the a TBND polygon will be retained.  If the TBND feature has the "Negative Area" property set then its area will excluded.


Draped Profiles and TIN Points

Features that are entered without elevations (elevation check box off) are referred to as Draped features. If no DTM exists when a Draped feature is created the elevation of each point is undefined (set to -9999). If a DTM exists, the elevation is determined from the model. In addition, triangle intersection points (TIN points) are calculated as illustrated below.


Contouring

Contour smoothing can be used to improve the presentation of contour information. It should be noted that smoothing will not increase the accuracy of the contours, and in some cases may result in a loss of detail.

The smoothing control is specified by the Thinning Distance parameter. To understand this parameter one must first understand how contours are generated. Contours are generated in 3 steps.

1) Contours are formed by creating straight line segment across each triangle.

2) The resulting line segments are joined together and thinned to remove points which are close together. The spacing is controlled by the Thinning Distance parameter. This step effectively removes any small sharp bends in the contour.

3) The resulting contour is fitted with a spline curve which creates new points along the curve.


Volumes

Volumes are calculated between Surface A (always the current Terrain) and Surface B (any other Terrain file with a TIN model). The calculation of volumes is done using menu Edit - Volumes - Calculate Volumes.  The display and reporting of is done using menu Edit - Volumes - Report Volumes.  These options are not available unless the current Terrain file has a TIN model.

Calculating Volumes

1.	Create Terrain models for each of the upper and lower surfaces. Save these surfaces in seperate files.  NOTE: the surfaces do not have to have the same x,y coordinate points, nor do they have to cover the same plan view area.

2.	Open the Terrain file which contains the upper surface (the surfaces can intersect each other, see Intersection of two surfaces below).

3.	Select menu Edit - Volumes - Calculate.

4.	In the volume Calculation Dialog set Surface B to be the bottom Terrain file. Disable Calculate Intersection Features and Volumes by Polygon. Press OK.

5.	When the calculation is complete the volumes are reported in the Volume Reporting Dialog.

Volumes by Polygon

Volumes can be calculated inside one or more polygonal boundaries. These boundaries are defined by features in the current Terrain file with the prefix VBND.  In other words, if a feature is going to be used as a boundary it's name must begin with the prefix VBND.  If you have created a boundary and wish to use it for volume calculations you can rename it to VBND usng in the Feature Properties Dialog.

Volume Reporting

When the volume calculation is complete the results are displayed in the Volume Reporting Dialog.  The volume of material enclosed between the two surfaces is reported as either Above A or Below A.  The volume of material enclosed between the two surfaces is reported as either above A or below A.  Eg. if Surface A is an excavation surface and Surface B is the origional ground then Volume Above A is cut volume and Volume Below A is fill volume.

Intersection of two surfaces

When two surfaces cross, it is possible to calculate the intersection line.  When the calculation is complete the intersection polyline(s) is saved as a feature with the prefix SSCT.


Surface Properties

The TIN model surface properties such as surface area, surface slope (slope of steepest decent), surface slope direction.of a model can be calculated.

Calculating Surface Properties

Surface properties are calculated inside a polygon boundary.  The boundary feature must be named "VBND". The calculation of volumes is done using menu Edit - Calculate Terrain Model.  The display and reporting of surface properties is done by selecting the boundary feature(s) and displaying the various surface properties in the Status Window.

The following steps are required to calculate and report surface properties.

1. Create a VBND feature.

2. Choose menu Edit - Calculate Terrain Model.

3. Check Calculate surface properties check box (this menu will be disabled if no VBND features exist).

4. Include Surface Area, Surface Slope%, and Surface Azimuth in the Status Window display list.

5. Select the VBND feature(s) to display their properties in the Status window.


Menus

The contents of the system menus change depending on which window type is active and which functional groups you have activated (see Customizing Menus for more information about function groups).

The following menu categories are available.

1.	File Menu

2.	Edit Menu

3.	View Menu

4.	Window Menu

5.	Module Menu

Menu Toolbar

Many menu functions can be accessed directly by clicking on them in the toolbar.

Accessing Menus using the Keyboard

Many menu functions can be accessed directly from the keyboard using accelerator keys. Functions with accelerator key support are indicated in the menu name. To activate a menu using an accelerator key hold down the <control key> and press the key. Eg. <control> - <P> will activate the print menu.

Alternatively menu functions can be activated by holding down the <ALT>button and pressing the underlined keys shown in the menu prompt. Eg. to activate the Edit - Assign Templates, hold down the <ALT> key and press <E> followed by <A>.


Tool Bar


Status Bar


Edit Menu

1.	Edit - Delete Selected Sub-View

2.	Edit - Shuffle Front to Back

3.	Edit - New Sub-View

4.	Edit - Copy to Clipboard

5.	Edit - Digitize/Draw New Feature

6.	Edit - Append to Current Feature

7.	Edit -  Select Features

8.	Edit - Delete Selected Features

9.	Edit - Modify Selected Features

10.	Edit - Modify Profile Linetype

11.	Edit - Modify Current Point

12.	Edit - Calculate Terrain Model

13.	Edit - Volumes

14.	Edit - Select with mouse

15.	Edit - Insert Points with mouse

16.	Edit - Edit Points with mouse

17.	Edit - Edit Labels with mouse

18.	Edit - Add Labels with mouse


Edit - Delete Selected Sub-View

This option is only available if the Multi-Plot window is active. If you don't have a Multi-Plot window, you can open it with Window - New Window - Multi-Plot.

Use this menu to delete the currently selected sub-view (has size handles on the border) in the Multi-Plot output sheet.


Edit - Shuffle Front to Back

This option is only available if the Multi-Plot window is active. If you don't have a Multi-Plot window, you can open it with Window - New Window - Multi-Plot.

Use this menu to shuffle the currently selected window in the Multi-Plot output sheet to the back. This option is very useful if you have sub-views overlapping. If you wish to select a sub-view that is covered, Shuffle sub-views that are on top of it to the back then select it with the mouse.


Edit - New Sub-View

This option is only available if the Multi-Plot window is active. If you don't have a Multi-Plot window, you can open it with Window - New Window.

This menu creates a new sub-view (Plan, Profile, Rectangle etc.). You can have multiple occurrences of each sub-view type.

NOTE: the new sub-view is created in the center of the Multi-Plot sheet; if you are zoomed in, you may have to End Zoom to see the new window.


Edit - Copy to Clipboard


Active Window Graphics

If a Plan, Profile or Multi-Plot window is active this option will copy the window graphics to the Clipboard. From the Clipboard it can be pasted into other Windows applications which support the clipboard. NOTE: MS Word for Windows will display and print a pasted Terrain picture to scale if you expand the picture to 1000%, (experiment if this does not work)


Selected Features

This option will copy the selected features to the Windows Clipboard in Softree Terrain ASCII Format.  Several options are available and can be configured from the Export ASCII Options Dialog.


Edit - Digitize/Draw New Feature

This option allows you to digitiize or draw a new feature. This option activates the Feature Properties Dialog.


Edit - Append to Current Feature

This function allows you to add points to the current feature using the digitizer. If no current feature is selected this function is disabled.


Edit - Select Features

1.	Edit -  Select Features - All

2.	Edit -  Select Features - By Range

3.	Edit - Select Features - By Layer

4.	Edit -  Select Features - By Name

5.	Edit - Select Features - By Boundary

6.	Edit - Select Features - By Property


Edit - Select Features - All

This option selects all features including floating labels. See Feature Selection for more information.


Edit - Select Features - By Range

This menu activates the Select Features by Range Dialog. See Feature Selection for more information.


Edit - Select Features - By Layer

This menu activates the Select Features by Layer Dialog. See Feature Selection and Layers for more information.


Edit - Select Features - By Name

This menu activates the Select Features by Name Dialog. See Feature Selection for more information.


Edit - Select Features - By Boundary

This menu activates the Select Features by Boundary Dialog. See Feature Selection for more information.


Edit - Select Features - By Property

This menu activates the Select Features by Property Dialog. See Feature Selection for more information.


Edit - Delete Selected Features

Deletes the currently selected features and floating labels. You will be prompted to confirm the deletion.


Edit - Modify Selected Features

1.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Properties

2.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Labels

3.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Linetypes

4.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Move/Size

5.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Duplicate

6.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Move Size/Rotate

7.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Shuffle Display Order

8.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Break

9.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Join Two Features

10.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Reverse/Close

11.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Interpolate Points

12.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Modify Shape

13.	Edit - Intersect with Current Feature

14.	Edit - Modify Selected Features - Buffer


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Properties

Allows you to change the properties of the selected features. It activates the Feature Properties Dialog.

This menu will be disabled if Floating Labels are selected.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Labels

This function allows you to modify the label formating for the selected features. It activates the Label Selection and Formatting Dialog box.

This menu will be disabled if Floating Labels are selected.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Linetypes

This menu allows you to change the linetype, symbols, and hatching for the selected features. It activates the Linetypes and Symbols dialog box.

This menu will be disabled if Floating Labels are selected.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Move/Size

This option allows you to move and size the selected features using the mouse.

When this menu is activated a tracking rectangle is placed around the selected features in the plan window, The tracking rectangle has 8 handles (small boxes) one on each corner and one one each side.

Moving

If you move the cursor inside the tracking rectangle, it will change shape to a 4-sided arrow. Clicking and dragging with this arrow will move the all selected features.

Sizing

If you click and drag on the side handles, the selected features will be stretched horizontally or vertically.

If you click and drag on the corner handles the features will be resized keeping the same horizontal to vertical proportionality.

Sizing can also be done in move mode using the following key strokes.

<Ctrl><Up Arrow> - Increase the size of selected objects. This operation maintains the x-y aspect ratio.

<Ctrl><Down Arrow> - Decrease the size of selected objects. This operation maintains the x-y aspect ratio.

<Ctrl><Shift><Up Arrow> - Fine increase in size of selected objects.  This operation maintains the x-y aspect ratio.

<Ctrl><Shift><Down Arrow> - Fine decrease in size of selected objects. This operation maintains the x-y aspect ratio.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Duplicate

When this option is activated, the selected features are duplicated and move/size mode is enabled.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Move Size/Rotate

This menu activates the Move/Size/Rotate dialog box.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Shuffle Display Order

This option allows you to change the order in which features are displayed.  This is particularly useful if you have bit map images or features with solid hatching.

If an opaque feature is shuffled to the Front it will cover (obscure from view) other features.

NOTE: Floating labels are always displayed in the front of all other features.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Break

1.	At Current Point

2.	At Current Feature


At Current Point

This option is allows you to split the current feature into two features. The break point is the current point. This function is only available if 1 feature is selected.


At Current Feature

This menu allows you to split all selected features wherever they intersect the current feature.   This option is only available if the Enhanced Cad function group is enabled (see Function Groups for more information).

This function is only available if when 1 or more features are selected. It operates differently depending on the number of features selected.

a) If one feature is selected (the current feature). Then all displayed features in the terrain file are intersected with the selected feature. The features are broken at the intersection points.

b) If more than one feature is selected, then only the selected features are intersected with the current feature.

When this operation is complete, all broken features to the right of the current feature remain selected.  This implies that if the current feature is a closed polygon oriented clockwise, then the broken features  inside the polygon will be selected.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Join Two Features

This option is only available if 2 features are selected. The two closest end points on the features are joined.  The order of the new connected features preserves the order of the current feature.

If this function is done in the Profile Window neither of the features can be the fence section feature.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Reverse/Close

When this option is activated, the selected features can be reveresed order of the points) or closed using the Reverse/Close Dialog box.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Interpolate Points

This menu allows you to create new points on the selected features by linear interpolation. It activates the Interpolate Points dialog box.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Modify Shape

This menu allows you to modify the shape of the selected features. It activates the Modify Shape of Selected Features Dialog Box


Edit - Intersect with Current Feature

This option is allows you to add points to features whenever they intersect the current feature.

This function is only available if when 1 or more features are selected. It operates differently depending on the number of features selected.

a) If one feature is selected (the current feature). Then all displayed features in the terrain file are intersected with the selected feature and points are added.

b) If more than one feature is selected, then only the selected features are intersected with the current feature.

This operation doesn't change the current feature.


Edit - Modify Selected Features - Buffer

This menu allows you to create a new feature perpindicularly offset from the selected feature.  It activates the Create Offset Feature(s) Dialog box.

This option is only available if the Enhanced Cad function group is enabled (see Function Groups for more information).


Edit - Modify Profile Linetype

This menu is available if the profile window is selected. It activates the Linetype and Symbols dialog box.


Edit - Modify Current Point

1.	Edit - Modify Current Point - Coords

2.	Edit - Modify Current Point - Add Comment

3.	Edit - Modify Current Point - Labels

4.	Edit - Modify Current Point - Symbols


Edit - Modify Current Point - Coords

This menu activates the Modify Current Point Dialog.


Edit - Modify Current Point - Add Comment

This option activates the Comment Text Dialog.


Edit - Modify Current Point - Labels

This option allows you to modify the label format at a feature point. It activates the Label Selection and Formatting Dialog.


Edit - Modify Current Point - Symbols

This option allows you to modify the symbol at a feature point. It activates the Line Types and Symbols Dialog.


Edit - Calculate Terrain Model

This option activates the Terrain Calculation dialog box.


Edit - Volumes

1.	Edit - Volumes - Calculate

2.	Edit - Volumes - Display


Edit - Volumes - Calculate

This menu activates the Volume Calculation Dialog box.


Edit - Volumes - Display

This menu activates the Volume Reporting Dialog box.


Edit - Select with mouse

This menu activates Feature Select mode.


Edit - Insert Points with mouse

This menu activates Feature Enter mode.


Edit - Edit Points with mouse

This menu activates Feature Edit Mode.


Edit - Edit Labels with mouse

This menu activates Label Edit Mode.


Edit - Add Labels with mouse

This menu activates Label Enter Mode.


File Menu

1.	File - Clear

2.	File - Open

3.	File - Save

4.	File - Save As

5.	File - Delete File(s)

6.	File - Import

7.	File - Export Feature(s)

8.	File - Retrieve Screen Layout

9.	File - Save Screen Layout

10.	File - Delete Screen Layout Files

11.	File - Merge Multi-Plot Layout

12.	File - Print Profile

13.	File - Print Plan

14.	File - Print Multi-Plot

15.	File - Export Profile Drawing

16.	File - Export Plan Drawing

17.	File - Export Multi-Plot Drawing

18.	File - Print Preview Profile

19.	File - Print Preview Plan

20.	File - Print Preview Multi-Plot

21.	File - Print Setup

File - Exit


File - Clear

This option clears a Terrain file, clearing contents of all windows from memory. If modifications have been made to the current file, you will be prompted to confirm before removal takes place.


File - Open

Retrieves an existing Terrain (*.TER) from a selected subdirectory.

To select a terrain:

1. Select a new directory from the "Directories:" list box (if desired).

2. Select the design file (*.TER) from the "File Name:" list or type the file name directly into the edit box.

3. Click on the "OK" button or press <ENTER> to retrieve the file.

Once retrieved, the terrain name will be displayed in the TERRAIN main window title bar.


File - Save

This option saves the current terrain file to disk. The current screen layout is automatically saved with the terrain. Previously saved data is overwritten without warning.

This option is not allowed if you are running in demonstration mode.

If you have created a new design and not yet saved it, the File - Save dialog box will appear to prompt you for a Terrain name; this is identical to the File - Save As function.

To save your Terrain.

1. Select a new directory from the "Folders:" list box (if desired).

2. Enter the design file name in the "File Name:" edit box.

3. Click on the "OK" button or press <ENTER> to save the file.


File - Save As

Use the Save As command to rename and save a Terrain with another name. Save As preserves the last saved version of the file, and saves a copy under the name you give it.

You can also use this command to save the file into AUTOCAD DXF format or Softree Terrain ASCII Format (by selecting the appropriate entry in the Save file as type list box)

To save a Terrain under a new name:

1. Choose the Save As command.

A dialog box appears with a list of existing documents in the current path.

2. If necessary, change drives or paths to place the document in the location of your choice.

3. If necessary, change the extension in the Type box to one of the other supported file types.

4. Type a name for the file in the File Name box.

5. Click OK.

The document is saved in the chosen format, name, drive and path. The new file name is displayed at the top of the window.


File - Delete File(s)

This option allows a Terrain to be deleted from a selected subdirectory. The subdirectory and name of the file must be selected in the dialog box.


File - Import

This option enables the Import Dialog box.


File - Export Feature(s)

This menu exports the selected feature(s) to either a Survey Notes document format or a ASCII format.  This menu activates the Export Features dialog box.


File - Retrieve Screen Layout

This function retrieves the options stored in a screen layout file and applies them to the current design. The user selects the required Layout name in the list box. See Layout Files for more information. This function can also be activated from the Layout Combo Box on the tool bar.


File - Save Screen Layout

This option allows you to save the current screen layout for future use with other designs. (see Layout Files).

To save your screen layout.

1. If required, select a new directory from the "Directories:" list box.

2. Select an existing layout file name (*.ILT) from the "File Name:" list or type a new name directly into edit box.

3. Click on the "OK" button or press <ENTER> to save the layout.

You can maintain a library of layouts suitable for various tasks such as touch up editing, troubleshooting and printing hardcopy.

Default

When the Terrain module is started the layout Normal.ILT is activated.  Therefore saving a screen layout as NORMAL.ILT in the ROADENG directory will change the default startup configuration for Terrain.


File - Delete Screen Layout Files

Allows you to delete screen layout files. See Layout files for more information.


File - Merge Multi-Plot Layout

This option is only available if the Multi-Plot window is active.

This option allows you to retrieve Multi-Plot setup information from an existing layout file without modifying the sub-views in the current Multi-Plot window. It is very useful to save title blocks or reference tables in separate layout files and then "merge" them together to create a new Multi-Plot arrangement.

To merge a Multi-Plot layout.

1. Select the required directory from the "Folders:" list box.

2. Select an existing layout file name (*.ILT) from the "Files:" list box or type a file name directly into the "File Name:" edit box.

3. Click on the "OK" button or press <ENTER> to retrieve the file.

All the new sub-views created from the merge will initially be selected and can be moved as a group with click and drag.

See also Merging Multi-Plot Layouts.


File - Print Profile

This option is only available if the profile window is active.

The plotter page size, orientation and color capabilities are determined automatically from the Windows printer driver (see your Printer manual for more information about setup options). All other plotting parameters come from the screen display options (for example; scale, sub-windows etc.). As print/plot options are likely to be different from screen options it makes sense to save them in separate screen Layout files.


File - Print Plan

This option is only available if the Plan window is active.

The plotter page size, orientation and color capabilities are determined automatically from the Windows printer driver (see your Printer manual for more information about setup options). All other plotting parameters come from the screen display options (for example; scale, grid, labels etc.). As print/plot options are likely to be different from screen options it makes sense to save them in separate Screen Layout files.

Multi-Page Montage Layout

If you choose the multi-page montage option, the Terrain module will automatically layout your plan window on a series of pages. This layout will include the entire design but not necessarily the "empty" areas.  Labels (comments) and reference points branching outward from the traverse may "fall off the page" with the default layout.

You can override the default multi-page montage layout by printing one page at a time and scrolling the plan window.

Current Page Layout

If you choose the current page option, you will get one page. The center of the plan window on the screen is placed at the center of the output sheet. You can scroll the plan window (on the screen) using the scroll bars to position it for output.

After choosing either the current or mult-page option, you will see the standard Windows Print dialog box. If you chose the multi-page montage option above, you can select which pages to print.


File - Print Multi-Plot

This option is only available if the Multi-Plot window is active.

Outputs the Multi-Plot window to the a Windows printer or plotter. The desired output device can be setup beforehand using File - Print Setup. (See the Printer user manual for instructions on setting up and configuring the printer.)  You will also be able to change output devices and some options at print time.

The plotter page size, orientation and color capabilities are determined automatically from the Windows printer driver. All other plotting parameters come from the screen display options (for example; scale, sub-views etc.). As print/plot options are likely to be different from screen options it makes sense to save them in separate Screen Layout files.


File - Export Profile Drawing

Use this option to export a DXF file representation of the current paper plot.  This file can then be manipulated in a CAD program before final printing. Use File - Print Preview Profile to see an approximation of what will be exported.

NOTE: This export is 2 dimensional only. Units are paper space units.

You are first prompted for print options See File - Print Profile. You are then prompted with a standard file dialog box to provide an export file name. The default DXF output directory can be defined in the ROADENG.INI file.

You can configure your DXF export file with the DXF Output Filter Setup dialog box.

Multiple files will be created if you have chosen printing options that will generate more than one page; these files will be named in the following format: MYFILE1.DXF, MYFILE2.DXF, etc.

Scales

Units are in paper space units. The scale of the output drawing will depend on the scale set in the active window and the units chosen in the DXF Output Filter Setup dialog box. For example

If you are working in metric units and you have the active window scale(s) set to 500,  and you select meters in the DXF Output Filter Setup dialog box.  In this case, the  1 unit in the DXF file will  correspond to 500 meters.

If you are working in feet units and you have the active window scale(s) set to 500,  and you select feet in the DXF Output Filter Setup dialog box.  In this case, the  1 unit in the DXF file will  correspond to 500 feet.


File - Export Plan Drawing

Use this option to export a DXF file representation of the current paper plot.  This file can then be manipulated in a CAD program before final printing. Use File - Print Preview Plan to see an approximation of what will be exported.

NOTE: This export is 2 dimensional only. Units are paper space units.

You are first prompted for print options See File - Print Plan. You are then prompted with a standard file dialog box to provide an export file name. The default DXF output directory can be defined in the ROADENG.INI file.

You can configure your DXF export file with the DXF Output Filter Setup dialog box.

Multiple files will be created if you have chosen printing options that will generate more than one page; these files will be named in the following format: MYFILE1.DXF, MYFILE2.DXF, etc.

Scales

Units are in paper space units. The scale of the output drawing will depend on the scale set in the active window and the units chosen in the DXF Output Filter Setup dialog box. For example

If you are working in metric units and you have the active window scale(s) set to 500,  and you select meters in the DXF Output Filter Setup dialog box.  In this case, the  1 unit in the DXF file will  correspond to 500 meters.

If you are working in feet units and you have the active window scale(s) set to 500,  and you select feet in the DXF Output Filter Setup dialog box.  In this case, the  1 unit in the DXF file will  correspond to 500 feet.


File - Export Multi-Plot Drawing

Use this option to export a DXF file representation of the current paper plot.  This file can then be manipulated in a CAD program before final printing. Use File - Print Preview Multi-Plot to see an approximation of what will be exported.

NOTE: This export is 2 dimensional only. Units are paper space units.

You are first prompted for print options See File - Print Multi-Plot. You are then prompted with a standard file dialog box to provide an export file name. The default DXF output directory can be defined in the ROADENG.INI file.

You can configure your DXF export file with the DXF Output Filter Setup dialog box.

Multiple files will be created if you have chosen printing options that will generate more than one page; these files will be named in the following format: MYFILE1.DXF, MYFILE2.DXF, etc.


File - Print Preview Profile

The function is the standard Windows Preview function used to see precisely how your document will be printed. You can view either a single page at a time, or view two pages simultaneously. You can scroll through all the pages and zoom in and out for details.


File - Print Preview Plan

This function is the standard Windows Preview function used to see precisely how your document will be printed. You can view either a single page at a time, or view two pages simultaneously. You can scroll through all the pages and zoom in and out for details.

When you use the print preview Plan, you will be offered the option of viewing the current page or a multi-page montage. This is described in section File - Print Plan.


File - Print Preview Multi-Plot

This function is the standard Windows Preview function used to see precisely how your document will be printed. You can view either a single page at a time, or view two pages simultaneously. You can scroll through all the pages and zoom in and out for details.


File - Print Setup

The Print Setup function is the standard Windows Print Setup function controlling paper feed and orientation, dithering and intensity etc.

See your Printer manual for more information about supported options.


File - Exit

Exits the Terrain Module


View Menu

1.	View - Active Window (Profile) Options

2.	View - Active Window (Plan) Options

3.	View - Active Window (Status) Options

4.	View - Window Magnification

5.	View - Current Feature to Profile

6.	View - Next Point

7.	View - Next Feature

8.	View - Repaint All

9.	View - Tool Bar

10.	View - Status Bar

11.	View - Background

12.	View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options

13.	View - Multi-Plot Options


View - Active Window (Profile) Options

This menu activates the Profile Window Options Dialog Box.


View - Active Window (Plan) Options

This menu activates the Plan Window Options Dialog Box.


View - Active Window (Status) Options

This menu activates the Status Window Options Dialog Box.


View - Window Magnification

The Double, Halve, Zoom In and End Zoom options of View - Magnification are available directly using the Hand Lens Toolbar Buttons containing respectively the [+, -, open, / ] signs.

NOTE: These functions control your work screen not the printed output.

TIP: The Zoom in function (and open hand lens toolbar button) allows you to click and drag a box around the detail you want to magnify. You control scaling and centering at the same time and can choose any magnification factor. Otherwise you end up having to center your detail using the scroll bars each time you double (a 2x zoom in) and doubling restricts you to 2x increments where "x" is a whole number. At any time you can use the End Zoom to quickly return to the entire view and perhaps do another zoom in.


View - Current Feature to Profile

This menu updates the Fence Section Feature in the profile window.  This menu will be disabled if no profile exists or more than one profile window exists.

This function also calculates the projected features based on the tolerance set in Projected/Intersected Features dialog.


View - Next Point

This function selects the next point sequentially within the current feature. To select another feature, use the <tab> key (see View - Next Feature).

For reversible and rapid movement along points, you can use the <Ctrl-N> and <Ctrl-B> key combinations instead of the View - Next Point function. You can also select a point by a left mouse button click if you have the mouse in select mode. To shift mouse into select mode, right click mouse button until you see the triangle cursor.

Depending on your screen Layout, you can simultaneously view the current point in plan and profile and obtain reference information for the selected point such as its XY coordinates and elevation in the Status window.


View - Next Feature

This option selects the current feature in a Terrain. To move between points on the current feature, use <Ctrl-N> or <Ctrl-B> (see View - Next Point )

For reversible and rapid movement between features in the current Terrain, you can use the <Tab> and <Shift-Tab> key combinations instead of the View - Next Feature function. You can also select features by a left mouse button click if you have the mouse in select mode. To shift mouse into select mode, right click mouse button until you see the selection cursor.


View - Repaint All

This function re-draws (re-paints) all Terrain windows.


View - Tool Bar

A check mark beside the Toolbar function indicates the Toolbar is active. If you wish to have a slightly larger viewing area of the work screen, removing the check mark (mouse click or <enter>) removes the Toolbar. You can increase the viewing area further by also removing the Status Bar.


View - Status Bar

A check mark beside this menu indicates that the Status Bar at the bottom of the screen is active. If you wish to have a slightly larger viewing area, removing the check mark (mouse click or <enter>) removes the Status Bar. You can increase the viewing area again by also removing the Toolbar.


View - Background

The view backgound menu activates the Background Display Files Dialog allowing you to add or remove background files.


View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options

This menu activates the Multi-Plot Sub-View Options Dialog Box.


View - Multi-Plot Options

This menu activates the Multi-Plot Options Dialog Box.


Window Menu

1.	Window - New Window

2.	Window - Cascade

3.	Window - Tile Horizontally

4.	Window - Tile Vertically

5.	Window - Arrange Icons


Window - New Window

Allows you to create a new window (Plan, Profile, Status or Multi-Plot). You can also create windows by retrieving a screen layout that contains the desired windows.


Window - Cascade

Arranges all the windows to overlap so that title bar of each is visible. This allows you to view all your opened windows at a glance and move the window you want to the front of the pile with a single click of the mouse on the desired title bar.


Window - Tile Horizontally

The Tile - Horizontally command down sizes and arranges all open Survey and/or Map windows to fit stacked on top of each other.


Window - Tile Vertically

The Vertical Tile command down sizes and arranges all open Survey and Map windows to fit side by side next to each other.


Window - Arrange Icons

If you size each open window to leave an area at the bottom of your TERRAIN module screen, the icons of other current minimized windows can be arranged within that area.


Options Menu

1.	Options - Mapsheet Setup

2.	Options - Digitizer Config

3.	Options - Digitizing Options

4.	Options - Sound


Options - Mapsheet Setup

This option activates the Mapsheet Setup Dialog.


Options - Digitizer Config

This option activates the Digitizer Configuration Dialog.


Options - Digitizing Options

1.	Options - Digitizing Options - Digitize in Track Mode

2.	Options - Digitizing Options - Digitize in Point Mode

3.	Options - Digitizing Options - Digitizing Parameters

4.	Options - Digitizing Options - Coordinate Digitizing On


Options - Digitizing Options - Digitize in Track Mode

This option enables digitizing in track mode.


Options - Digitizing Options - Digitize in Point Mode

This option enables digitizing in point mode (see also Track Mode).


Options - Digitizing Options - Digitizing Parameters

This menu activates the Digitizing Parameters Dialog.


Options - Digitizing Options - Coordinate Digitizing On

This menu enables/disables Coordinate Digitizing.


Options - Sound

1.	Options - Sound - None

2.	Options - Sound - Partial

3.	Options - Sound - Full


Options - Sound - None

No audible beep tone when digitizing.


Options - Sound - Partial

Partial audible "Beep" tone when digitizing. An audible "beep" tone is produced when the END key is press and when a feature is closed.


Options - Sound - Full

Audible "Beep" tone is produced when digitizing. An audible "beep" tone is produced when the UP,DOWN,SAME, END, ENTER, UNDO and ATTRIB keys are pressed.


Module Menu

1.	Module - To Cable Analysis

2.	Module - To Survey/Map screen

3.	Module - To Terrain Mode

4.	Module - To Location Design

5.	Module - Setup


Module - To Cable Analysis

This menu changes the Terrain module to the Cable Analysis Module.


Module - To Survey/Map screen

This menu minimizes the Terrain screen and invokes the Survey/Map Module.


Module - To Terrain Mode

This menu changes the Cable analysis screen to the Terrain Module.


Module - To Location Design

This menu minimizes the Terrain screen and invokes the Location Design Module.


Module - Setup

The Module - Setup activates the Setup dialog box.


Dialogs

1.	Add/Remove Layers Dialog

2.	Advanced Label Control Dialog

3.	Bitmap Image Options Dialog

4.	Background Display Files Dialog

5.	Plan Window Labels

6.	Background Display Properties

7.	Comment Text Dialog

8.	Default Font Dialog

9.	Custom Color Dialog

10.	Digitizer Configuration Dialog

11.	Digitizer Customization Dialog

12.	Digitizer Drivers Dialog

13.	Digitizer Key Mappings Dialog

14.	Digitizing Parameters Dialog

15.	Digitizer Test Dialog

16.	DXF Output Filter Setup Dialog

17.	Edit Linetypes  Dialog

18.	Elevations Dialog

19.	Export ASCII Options Dialog

20.	Export Features Dialog

21.	Export Traverse Document Dialog

22.	Feature Properties Dialog

23.	General Options Dialog

24.	Grid Dialog Box

25.	Import Dialog Box

26.	Interpolate Points Dialog

27.	Label Edit Dialog

28.	Linetypes and Symbols

29.	Label Selection and Formatting Dialog

30.	Mapsheet Setup Dialog

31.	Menu Customization

32.	Modify Current Point Dialog

33.	Modify Shape of Selected Features Dialog

34.	Move/Size/Rotate Dialog

35.	Multi-Plot Sub-View Options Dialog

36.	Multi-Plot Options Dialog

37.	Plan Window Options Dialog

38.	Edit Symbols Dialog

39.	Profile Window Options Dialog

40.	Projected Intersected Features Dialog

41.	Save As DXF Export Dialog

42.	Select Features by Boundary

43.	Select Features by Layer Dialog

44.	Select Features by Name Dialog

45.	Select Features by Range Dialog

46.	Select Features by Property Dialog

47.	Setup Dialog

48.	Snap-to Grid Parameters Dialog

49.	Status Window Options Dialog

50.	Symbol Item Editor Dialog

51.	Symbol Size and Rotation Dialog

52.	Terrain Calculation Dialog

53.	Translation and Rotation Parameters Dialog

54.	Triangle Point Range Selection Dialog

55.	Volume Calculation Dialog

56.	Volume Reporting Dialog


Add/Remove Layers Dialog

This dialog box allows you to add or remove Layers. It is accessed from the Select Features by Layer dialog box.

To add a new layer

1) Press the New button.

2) Change the description and match string (see Layers for more information about match string).

To change a layer

1) Selected the required layer in the list box.

2) Change the description and match string (see Layers for more information about match string).

To delete a layer

1) Selected the required layer in the list box.

2) Press the delete key


Advanced Label Control Dialog

The advanced Label Control dialog provides a greater degree of control of label selection, positioning and formatting. It is accessed by clicking on the Advanced button in the Label Selection and formatting dialog box.

Orientation

The Orientation options allow you to control the position of the label with respect to the attachment point. The following diagram illustrates how label position can be controlled by two offsets.

Label Offsets

The offset distances are specified in millimeters (25mm ~ 1 inch). The measurement system for offset rotations depends on your selection of side (right/left) and your selection of reference (relative to feature or absolute) as shown below.

Side	Reference	Angle Measurement
Right	Relative to feature	clockwise from right perpendicular
Left	Relative to feature	clockwise from left perpendicular
Right	Absolute	clockwise from north
Left	Absolute	clockwise from south

The connector for each offset allows you to enable the display of the offset line.

Vertical Offset

The vertical offset allows you control the position of the label as shown below. You can use the vertical offset to move the label from one side of the connector line to the other.

              Vertical Offset

Text Alignment

The list box allows you to control the horizontal offset of the label (with respect to offset2 ) as shown below.

Feature Alignment

This list box allows you to control the attachment point for a label to a feature.

Keep Text Upright

With this check box enabled text will always be rotated so that it is readable.

Transparent

If selected text will be displayed with a transparent background.


Bitmap Image Options Dialog

Bitmap Image Options dialog box is accessed either when the bitmap is read in (File - Import - Options) or from the Edit - Modify Selected Features - Properties menu. It allows you to change the following parameters.

File Path name

The directory and file name of the bit map is displayed. Pressing the Browse button allows you to select another file or path.

Reference Coordinate

Allows you to position the bitmap according to one of its corners. Enter the x,y coordinate in project coordniates and the corner reference.

Pixel Size

The bitmap image is made up of a series of pixels (dots). The number of pixels is shown. Changing the size of the bitmap in X and Y directions will enlarge or reduce the image size.

Rotation

A rotation angle in degrees can be specified. Note: rotating large bit maps can be slow.

Image Display Options

Display All  - bitmap image is displayed

Border Only - only the border is displayed - with the name of the bitmap at the center

Hide - the entire bitmap and border is not displayed.  This is analogous to setting a features properties to No Display.

Washout Factor

This parameter allows you to fade the image. A factor of 0 has no washout and 1is fully washed out.


Background Display Files Dialog

This dialog box allows you to add or remove Background Terrains. It is accessed from the View - Background menu.

Add

Pressing this key will acticvate the standard Windows File Open dialog box, allowing you to select a background Terrain file.

Remove

Will remove the currently selected background Terrain.

Properties

Pressing this key will activate the Background Display Properties Dialog Box which allows you to control the display of backgrounds in either the Plan or Profile windows.

Shift Up/Shift Down

The display order of the backgrounds is controlled by the sequence of the Terrains in the list box. The Shift Up and Shift Down buttons move a file up or down in the list.


Plan Window Labels

The following labels can be displayed in the plan window.

Azimuth (shots)- If selected, the Azimuth (in decimal degrees) between points will be displayed. For draped features,TIN points will be included if Tin Points Check Box is turned on in the Active Window (Plan) Options Dialog (see TIN points).

Comments (at feature points) - If selected, comment labels will be displayed at feature points. See Edit - Modify Current Point - Add Comment.

Contour Labels - If selected, contour labels will be displayed. NOTE: contour labels must first be created using option Edit - Calculate Terrain Model.

Culvert Size If selected, culvert size will be displayed. Culvert labels come from traverse documents imported from the SURVEY/MAP module. See Importing Traverse and Map Data.

DXF Labels - If selected, labels imported from DXF files will be displayed. See Importing DXF Data.

Elevations - If selected, elevation labels will be displayed at each point. For draped features elevations at TIN points are displayed if the Tin Points Check Box is turned on in the Active Window (Plan) Options Dialog (see TIN points).

Floating Labels -If selected, Floating Labels will be displayed. See  Adding Floating Labels.

Grades - If selected, the % Grade between points will be displayed. For draped features, grades include TIN points if the Tin Points Check Box is turned on in the Plan Window Options Dialog. Otherwise only plan points are used to determine the grades. (see TIN points)

Horizontal Distance - If selected, the horizontal distance between points will be displayed. For draped features TIN points will be included if the Tin Points Check Box is turned on in the Plan Window Options Dialog (see TIN points).

Point Number - Contains the point index. For draped features, TIN points will be included if Tin Points Check Box is turned on in the Plan Window Options Dialog (see TIN points).  NOTE: If a feature is draped it will contain TIN points and therefore the point numbers may not be consecutive.

Total HD (Station) - Contains the cumulative horizontal distance starting at 0. This field is reported at each point. For draped features, TIN points will be included if Tin Points Check Box is turned on in the Plan Window Options Dialog (see TIN points).

Total SD - Contains the cumulative slope distance along the feature starting at 0. This field is reported at each point. For draped features, TIN points will be included if Tin Points Check Box is turned on in the Plan Window Options Dialog (see TIN points).

Traverse Index Labels - This label only applies to features which have been imported from the SURVEY/MAP module. It contains the Index field from the traverse.

Traverse Stations - This label only applies to features which have been imported from the SURVEY/MAP module. It contains the Station field from the traverse.

Traverse Total SD - This label only applies to features which have been imported from the SURVEY/MAP module. It contains the Total SD field from the traverse.

BC/EC Labels

Display a BC symbol at the beginning of a curve and an EC symbol at the end of a curve.  See Modify Current Point Dialog.

Radius Labels

Display curve information (C=chord length R=radius) for each curve.

Area

Displays the feature area in either hectares or acres (depending on the project units). The label is displayed at the center of the feature if the feature is closed and at the last point if it is not.

Feature Name

Displays the feature name at the center of the feature if the feature is closed and at the last point if it is not.

To select Plan Window labels for display.

1. Choose menu View - Active Window (Plan) Options.

2. Click on the "+" symbol beside labels.

3. This will popup the Label Selection and formatting dialog.

For information label formating see Label Selection and formatting dialog.


Background Display Properties

This option allows you to control the display of a Terrain file in the Plan and Profile windows.

The following options are available.

Terrain File Path

Enter the Terrain file name (*.TER) or press the Browse button to activate the standard file open dialog box to search for the file.

Layout File Path

Enter an optional Layout file name (*.TLT). If no layout file name is entered the terrain will be displayed in the format it was last saved in.  Press the Browse button to activate the standard file open dialog box. Note this field is only required if you would like to display the Terrain file differently than the way it was last saved.

To select a Terrain for background display.

1) Enter the full path of the Terrain file (*.TER) or press the Browse button to select it using the standard File Open dialog.

2) You can optionally enter a Layout file to control the display of the Terrain file. If no Layout file is entered the Terrain will be displayed as it was last saved.

3) Enter a Washout Factor for display. This factor will "fade" the display of the Terrain File.

4) Press OK twice. The Terrain file will be loaded and displayed in the Plan window

Plan Display Options

Override Format

This option allows you to control the display of a Terrain file in the Plan window.  If Override Format is selected, the color of the background features can be set by pressing the Plan Feature Format button.

Plan Feature Format

Activates the Linetypes and Symbols dialog box allowing you to change the displayed color of all features in the background Terrain in the Plan window.

Washout Factor (%)

The washout factor allows you to fade the Terrain file image so that it you can distinguish it from your active Location design. A washout near 100% will be very faint.

Profile Display Options

This function is only available if Profile Drafting and Design Function Group is enabled (see Function Groups for more information).

The projection of the current feature on the background Terrain model(s) is displayed in the Profile Window if the following conditions are met.

a)The background Terrain has a Terrain model

b)The current selected feature is a draped feature.

c) Background is selected in View  - Profile Options.

Profile Feature Format

Activates the Linetypes and Symbols dialog box allowing you to change the display format of the projected feature.  Note it is possible set hatching, in this case the hatching is done from the feature above.  The projection of the current feature on the current Terrain is assumed to be topography and the top down order of the sub surface stratum is defined by their order in the Background Dsplay Files Dialog. See Background Terrain Profile Projections for more information.)


Comment Text Dialog

This dialog allows you to enter or edit the comment at a feature point. It is activated from the Edit - Modify Current Point - Add Comment.

The maximum length of a comment is 25 characters.


Create Offset Features

This option is accessed from the Edit - Modify Selected Features - Buffer menu.

This dialog allows you to create a feature by offseting perpindicularly from another feature. Offset can be either left, right or both. Both open and closed features are allowed.  Curves are added around the corners. If a single point feature is selected the new feature will be a circle.


Default Font Dialog

Default Font

This button allows you to change the default font for all windows. The default font is used for display of axis/grid labels.


Custom Color Dialog

This dialog box allows you to create a custom color by entering values for red, green and blue.  This dialog box is accessed from the Linetypes and Symbols dialog.


Digitizer Configuration Dialog

This dialog box allows you to configure a new digitizer It is accessed from the Options - Digitizer Config menu.

COMMUNICATIONS PORT options

Select of the correct port is not required if the WINTAB is selected.

COMn: You can select which COM port you want to assign to your digitizer with the COM1, COM2 etc. radio buttons.

Setup: The Setup button allows you to change the communications parameters including baud rate (bits per second), parity, stop bits, data bits and flow control for the selected port. See Standard ASCII Digitizer Settings for your model of digitizer. The procedure to set the communications paramaters depends on the version of Windows you are using.

Windows 3.x

The setup button activates the Windows Control Panel.Select the Ports and then Settings options.

Windows 95

The setup button activates the Windows Control Panel. From the System Icon select the Device Manager Tab - Ports. Choose the appropriate port eg COM 1 then from the Properties - Port Settings set the communications parameters.

DIGITIZER DRIVER options

Assign New

Activates the Digitizer Drivers Dialog to change the type of digitizer (driver). The current driver is displayed at the top of the screen.

Customize

Activates the Digitizer Customization Dialog allowing formatting and other digitizer parameters to be modified.  This option is not available if the WINTAB is selected.

Key Mappings

Activates the Digitizer Key Mappings Dialog box allows the definitions of the keypad to be modified. The values entered should correspond to the values transmitted when a digitizer key is pressed (these do not always match the value shown on the key).

TEST option

This option allows you to test the digitizer to ensure that it is working properly.

The Digitizer Test Dialog box shows the communications settings and all transmitted information from the digitizer. After a key is pressed on the digitizer a series of characters should appear in the test dialogue box representing the packet transmitted. If the digitizer has been set up properly the X, Y and KEY fields will be displayed at the bottom of the dialogue box.


Digitizer Customization Dialog

This Dialog box allows you to create a new driver or modify an existing digitiizer driver. This dialog box is activated by pressing the Customize Button in the Digitizer Configuration Dialog.

See Customizing Digitizer Settings for more information.


Digitizer Drivers Dialog

This dialog allows you to select one of the standard drivers shipped with the Terrain module. It is is accessed from the Assign New option in the Digitizer Configuration Dialog.

To select a new driver or to reset the exiting one.

1) select the appropriate item in the list box.

2) press the Select button

Digitizer drivers are saved in the DIGITIZE.PRM file.


Digitizer Key Mappings Dialog

This dialog allows you to modify the definitions of the keypad. It is is accessed from the Key Mappings option in the Digitizer Configuration Dialog.

See Digitizer Key Definitions for a description of the functionality of each key.

The values entered should correspond to the values transmitted when a digitizer key is pressed (these do not always match the value shown on the key).

Typical Keypad Definitions


Digitizing Parameters Dialog

This dialog allows you to change parameters which effect the point spacing and closing distance. This dialog is activated from the Options - Digitizing Options - Digitizing Parameters.

Minimum distance between digitized points (mm).

This parameter controls the minimum spacing between points. Enter the minimum distance between points in mm. (as measured on the paper). The project distance between points will depend on the map scale.

Closing distance for sound warning (mm).

This parameter is useful when digitizing a closed boundary. An audible sound noise is made when the user gets close (closer than the specified distance) to the starting point of the feature.


Digitizer Test Dialog

This option allows you to determine if a digitizer is communicating with the Terrain module. It is accessed from the Digitizer Configuration Dialog.

The Digitizer Test Dialog box shows the communications settings and all transmitted information from the digitizer. After a key is pressed on the digitizer a series of characters should appear in the test dialog box representing the packet transmitted. If the digitizer has been set up properly the X, Y and KEY fields will be displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.

Information from the digitizer is transmitted in packets. Typical packets are shown in the figure below. The Test dialog displays the "raw" information transmitted from the digitizer. It also shows how packets are split apart into x,y,key fields.

The Digitizer Test Dialog box shows the communications settings and all transmitted information from the digitizer. After a key is pressed on the digitizer a series of characters should appear in the test dialog box representing the packet transmitted. If the digitizer has been set up properly the X, Y and KEY fields will be displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.


DXF Output Filter Setup Dialog

Profiles

Select text or binary format.

Color Translations

Try and see...

DXF File Units

This defines the paper units. If you set this to MMeters (millimeters) and set your drawing scale to 1000 (View - Profile (Plan, Section) Options) then the DXF units will be meters.

New

Use this button to combine the current options (color translation, DXF file units, binary/text) into a custom output Profile.

Delete

Use this button to delete custom output Profiles.


Edit Linetypes Dialog

The Edit line types Dialog allows you to create or modify line types. This dialog box is accessed from the Module - Setup Menu.

NOTE: There is 7 standard linetypes, identified at the top of the Linetype List box with a red button, which can not be modified.

A Line type consists of one or more Line type Item(s), Symbols Item(s), Text Item(s). These items are defined in the following Tabs.

Line Items Tab

Symbol Items Tab

Text Items Tab

Description

Enter line type description.

Duplicate Button

Creates a duplicate copy of a linetype which can then be modified.

Delete Button

Removes a linetype.

Shift Up Button

Shifts a line type higher in the list.

Shift Down

Shifts a line type lower in the list.

Save

Save the current line types into a file. It is possible to maintain several standard line type tables. The default file which automatically loaded is NORMAL.LIN.

Open

Retrieves a set of linetypes from a file.


Line Items Tab

A Line type can consist of one or more Line type items. For instance a double line can be created using 2 Line type Items.

Perp. Offset (mm).

Enter the perpindicular offset from the centerline (line connecting the raw vertices). Left is negative.

Thickness (mm).

Enter line thickness in millimeters.

Solid Check Box.

If selected, the line will be solid. Otherwise the line consists of a periodic pattern (dash length, space length, dash length, space length, dash length, space length...) specified by the next two parameters.

Dash(mm).

Enter the dash length in millimeters.

Space(mm).

Enter the space in millimeters between dashes.

Duplicate Button.

Creates a duplicate of the highlighted line item.

Delete Button.

Deletes the highlighted line item.

NOTE: Click on the Current Lines list box to see changes.

All units are in paper space units (mm on the output paper) no project units.


Symbol Items Tab

A Line Type can consist of one or more Symbol items. Symbol items can be created from existing symbol items.

Available Symbols Combo Box

Select from the list of existing symbols. See Edit Symbols Dialog for more information on creating new symbols.

Scale

Enter a scale factor, which is used to enlarge or reduce the symbol size.

Perp. Offset (mm).

Enter the perpindicular offset from the centerline (line connecting the raw vertices). Left is negative.

The periodic spacing of symbols can be controlled by selecting either Spacing by Distance or Spacing by Points.

Spacing by Distance

Spacing(mm)

Distance along the centerline between symbols in mm.

First Space

Distance along the centerline to the first symbol item

Spacing by Points

Include symbols at points. Select a combination of First, Middle or Last.

Click on the Current Symbols List box to see changes.


Text Items Tab

A Line type can consist of one or more Text items.

Text

Periodic text string.

Scale

Scale factor is used to enlarge or reduce the character size.

Angle(degrees)

The Angle (counterclockwise in degrees).

Spacing(mm)

Spacing parameter controls the spacing along the centerline between adjacent text items

First Space(mm)

First space can be set to control the distance along the centerline to the first text item.

Perp. Offset

Perpendicular offset from center line (left is negative).

Draw Transparent Check Box.

Draw transparent check box allows you to control if an opaque rectangle surrounding the text will be drawn.

Add Button.

Adds the text to the current text.

Delete Button.

Deletes the highlighted current text.

Font Button

Allows you to change the font. NOTE: there are many set of symbol fonts available for windows such as standard mapping and geological symbols.

NOTE: Click on the Current Text Items List box to see changes.

All units are in paper space units (mm on the output paper) not project units.


Linetypes

User defined line types consist of

•	line items

•	periodic symbol items

•	periodic text items


Symbol Spacing by Distance
If symbol spacing by distance is selected, symbols are spaced along the line at fixed distance intervals eg. 5 mm.


Symbol Spacing by Points
If symbol spacing by points is selected, symbols are placed at the line vertices as follows.

First - Symbol is included at the first point of the line.

Last - Symbol is included at the last point.

Middle - Symbol is included at points in between the first and last.


Elevations Dialog

This dialog box is activated from the Feature Properties Dialog box if the Elevations checkbox is enabled. It allows you to specify the start elevation and interval for digitizing profiles using the SAME, UP and DOWN keys. See Digitizing Profiles or Digitizer Key Definitions for more information.

Start

Enter the start contour interval. This elevation should be a contour interval (subsequent elevation will be relative to this elevations).

Interval

Enter the contour interval. E.g. 5 meters.

 NOTE: if a the feature is an Elevation feature (see above) it is possible to enter elevation information using the mouse (see Tracing  with the Mouse).


Export ASCII Options Dialog

This dialog is accessed by clicking on the Options button while the Softree - Terrain ASCII - Format item is selected in the Export Features List box.

The Terrain ASCII file is consists of a record for each point in the following format.

Feature Name, station,x,y,z,comment  (assuming a comma delimiter)

(see Softree Terrain ASCII format).

The following options are available.

Delimiter

this is the character used to seperate fields in the output record.

Decimals

this is the number of decimals you wish to store for the coordinates.

Summary Format (area,length)

If this item is selected the file format a single record is output for each feature

Feature Name, x,y,z,area,length (assuming a comma delimiter).


Export Features Dialog

The Export Features Dialog allows you to choose the format of the data you are exporting. This dialog is accessed from the File - Export Features menu.

NOTE: This menu is disabled if no features are selected (see Feature Selection for more information ).

Two export formats are exported.

1) SOFTREE - Traverse Document Format

This format is compatibile with of Softree Survey/Map module.

NOTE: This format only exports the current feature (the one containg the current point).  The Options button will activate the Export Traverse Document dialog.

2) ASCII - Coordinate Format

This format is will produce an ASCII file (see Softree Terrain ASCII format).

NOTE: This format exportsall selected features. The Options button will activate the Export ASCII Options Dialog.


Export Traverse Document Dialog

This dialog is accessed by clicking on the Options button while the SOFTREE - Traverse Document item is selected in the Export Features List box.

The following options are available.

Side Slopes

Calculate Checkbox If you select this option, side shots will be calculated at each station. The side shot traverses will bisect the angles on both sides of the traverse at each station. In order to create side shots you will require a Terrain Model. If one doesn't exist you will be prompted to create it.

Extension (from C/L): This field is used in conjunction with the Calculate Side Slopes check-box above. The distance is the total horizontal distance of the side shot traverse on each side of the centerline.

Extrapolate last shot: This option applies only if the cross section extends beyond the TIN model. If selected, the slope of the last shot is extended from the edge of the TIN model to the specifyied Extension distance. Otherwise the last shot will slope vertically downwards at the edge of the TIN model.

Minimum distance length between points: If entered, points spaced closer than the  value will be removed.  If set to 0 all points are included.  NOTE there is a maximum of 25 side shots on each side.

Ground Types and Layers

Layer 1: Enter the ground type of 1st layer (surface material).

Layer 2: Enter the ground type of 2nd layer.  This option will only be available if Calculate Layers is enabled and at least 1 layer is selected in the background.

Layer 3: Enter the ground type of 3rd layer.  This option will only be available if Calculate Layers is enabled and at least 2 layers are selected in the background.

Retain ground types from attributes:  When a Softree traverse document is imported(see Traverse Document Import Options Dialog), the ground type information is saved as attributes. When this traverse is exported the option allows you retain the ground type information for Layer 1.  Points which don't have ground type attributes will be automaically assigned the ground type from the closest station.

Calculate Layer Depths: If selected layer depths are calculated. This option will be disabled if no background Terrains are selected.

Header

Description and Date: These fields will appear in the Edit - Survey Information dialog box in the Traverse Document file.


Feature Properties Dialog

The dialog allows you to set the properties of a feature. It is accessed from either the Edit - Digitize/Draw New Feature menu or the Edit - Modify Selected Features - Properties menu.

Name

Enter the feature name or select a layer name from the list.  If another feature exists with the same name, a unique sub-ID is automatically determined.

Display

Check this option if feature is to be displayed.

Connected Checkbox

Check this if feature is connected.

Elevations Checkbox

Check this item if the feature has elevations.

Breakline Checkbox

This item will only appear if the feature has elevations. Check this item if the feature is a breakline.

Spacing

This editbox will only appear if the feature is a breakline. Enter the breakline point spacing.

Negative Area

This check box set the Area Property for the feature.

If this dialog is accessed from the Edit Digitize/Draw New Feature menu,  3 additional buttons will appear.

Keyboard Button

Activates the Modify Current Point Dialog allowing you to type in the feature coordinates.

Digitize button

Begins digitizing mode.

Draw button

Begins drawing mode. NOTE: if a the feature is an Elevation feature (see above) it is possible to enter elevation information using the mouse (see Tracing  with the Mouse).


General Options Dialog

Options set in this dialog effect all windows. This dialog box is accessed by pressing the General Options from either the Plan Window Options Dialog, Profile Window Options Dialog, Status Options Dialog.

The following options are available.

Azimuth Display.

This list box allows you to control the format of azimuth displayed.

If you check the Units box, the appropriate units (eg. deg ° min ' sec ") will be reported.

Default Font

This button allows you to change the default font for all windows. The default font is used for display of axis/grid labels and status window text.


Grid Dialog Box

The Grid Dialog box allows you to control the type and spacing of the window axis or grid.

The horizontal and vertical spacing can be controlled independently.

Display On

If Enabled either grid lines or an axis will be displayed.

Auto Spacing

If Enabled the grid spacing will be determined automatically. Disable this field if you wish to explicitly set the spacing.

Spacing

The grid spacing in Project Units.

Grid Lines

If this field is enabled vertical and/or horizontal grid lines will be displayed across the screen.

If this field is disabled axis with tick marks will be displayed.


Import Dialog Box

The Import Dialog Box is accessed from the File - Import menu. It allows you to select various types of file formats for import.

File Types List Box

This list box contains a list of supported types. This list is maintained in the FILEINP.PRM file. It is possible for an experienced user to modify the contents of this file.

The default installation contains the following file types.

SOFTREE -Terrain Files

SOFTREE - Map Document

SOFTREE - Terrain ASCII

SOFTREE - Traverse Document

DXF Import File

Bitmap Image Files

ASCII "X,Y,Z,comment"

Lasersoft 2D C/L (CL,Y,X,Z,comment)

Lasersoft 3D Points (??,Y,X,Z,comment)

UNIT SURVEY

Total Station Data "index,ID,X,Y,Z"

Polycorder - ROADS

HP 48 - QTRAN48

Coordinates Button

This button activates the Translation and Rotation Parameters Dialog box allowing you to shift and rotate the incoming data.

Options Button

This button is available for the following import types.

SOFTREE - Map Document Options

SOFTREE - Traverse Document Options

Bitmap Image Files

ASCII "X,Y,Z,comment"

Lasersoft 2D C/L (CL,Y,X,Z,comment)

Lasersoft 3D Points (??,Y,X,Z,comment)

Total Station Data "index,ID,X,Y,Z"

DXF Import File Options

UNIT SURVEY Options

Polycorder - ROADS Options

HP 48 - QTRAN48 Options


Traverse Document Import Options Dialog

This dialog box is accessed through the Options button of the Import Dialog Box, when item Import Softree Traverse Document is selected. See also Importing Traverse and Map Data.

Feature Name

Enter the name of the feature (Alphanumeric ID). If this field is left blank the feature will be assigned the file name. If side shots are included (see below) they will automatically be given the same Alphanumeric ID and a unique Numeric ID. For instance, if the name is TRAV then the centerline will be TRAV-0 and sideshots will be TRAV-1, TRAV-2 ...

Include Side Shots

If selected, side shots will be included.

Final Slope Horizontal Distance

The last shot in a traverse is always open ended (infinite). Entering a horizontal distance here sets the offset from the previous shot for this last shot.


Map Import Options

This dialog box is accessed through the Options button of the Import Dialog Box, when item Import Softree Map Document is selected.

Include Side Shots

If selected, side shots will be included.

Final Slope Horizontal Distance

The last shot in a traverse is always open ended (infinite). Entering a horizontal distance here sets the offset from the previous shot for this last shot.

NOTE:

Features will be given the name of the traverse. If side shots are included (see above), they will automatically be given the same Alphanumeric ID and a unique Numeric ID. For instance if the name is TRAV then the centerline will be TRAV-0 and sideshots will be TRAV-1, TRAV-2 and so on.


DXF Import Options

This dialog box is accessed through the Options button of the Import Dialog Box, when Import DXF File is selected. See also Importing DXF Data.

Elevations

Points: 2D or 3D Radio Buttons

If 2D is selected, the incoming features are 2D (Draped)

If 3D is selected, the incloming features are Elevation features. If elevations are not  included in the file they are set to -9999.0.

Minimum 3D Elev

This field is only available if the 3D Radio button is on. Points below the minimum 3D elevation will automatically be set to 2D (draped).  This option can be useful if you have text or other drafting features in the DXF file which has no z-values.

Feature Grouping

Auto name using layer checkbox

If this checkbox is selected, the feature name is assigned from the Layer in the DXF file. The Alphanumeric ID  is set to the Layer Name and the Numeric ID  is automatically assigned sequentially.

Primary Name

This field is available only if the Auto name using layer check box above is not selected. If this field is entered, incoming features will have their Alphanumeric ID set to the Primary Name entered. The Numeric ID will be automatically generated. For instance if the Primary Name is set to UNIT then features will be named UNIT-0, UNIT-1 and so on.

Save Layer Table

If selected, the DXF layers will be saved in the Terrain Layer table (see Select by Layer Dialog).

Combine Isolated Point Entities into Features.

If this option is enabled, sequencial POINT entities in the DXF file are combined into a single unconnected  feature.  This can reduce the number of features and can improve performance.

Blocks

Insert blocks check box

If this item is selected, BLOCKS in the DXF file will be included (exploded).  If this checkbox is not selected, BLOCKS will be imported as single point features.  See your CAD manual for more infomation about BLOCKS.

Include attributes checkbox

If this item is selected, ATTRIBUTES will be included in the Terrain as text items, otherwise attributes will be ignored.  See your CAD manual for more information about ATTRIBUTES.

Text Height

Text is handled in Terrain differently that in AutoCad.  In Terrain, the size of text doesn't depend on scale.  Text size is fixed in paper space units. The options in this group box allow you to control the text size when importing DXF file.

Auto / Fixed Radio Buttons

If Auto is selected, the text size is determined based on the drawing scale entered below.  This is the best option to correctly size text but you must know the scale of CAD drawing.

If Fixed is selected, text size is determined by the DXF label  setting in Plan Options | Labels.

Scale

This only applies if Auto set above.  This should be set to the scale of the CAD drawing.


Unit Survey Import Options

This dialog box is accessed through the Options button of the Import Dialog Box, when item Unit Survey is selected. See also Importing Unit Survey Data

Vertical

Enter the vertical angle format.

Horizontal

Enter horizontal angle format

Distance

Enter distance format.

Side Slopes Include

If selected, side shots are included otherwise they are ignored.

Side Slopes Connected

If selected, a feature connecting the side shot to the centerline is created.

Raw Format Checkbox

If this option is selected, the data is imported in a raw format compatible with LTI Criterion Series laser guns.


External Format Specification Dialog

This dialog box is accessed by pressing the Options button in the Import Dialog Box when an ASCII file is selected in the File Types List box.  The following ASCII file types are shipped with the system.

•	ASCII "X,Y,Z,comment"

•	Lasersoft 2D C/L (CL,Y,X,Z,comment)

•	Lasersoft 3D Points (??,Y,X,Z,comment)

•	Total Station Data "index,ID,X,Y,Z"

•	User Defined 1 (ID,X,Y,Z,Comment)

•	User Defined 2 (ID,X,Y,Z,Comment)

The External Format Specification (EFS) allows you to change these formats (NOTE: formats be added or removed by editing the FILEINP.PRM file in the ROADENG directory see Creating a New EFS for more information )

The following topics explain the concepts of importing ASCII files using th External Format Specification.

1.	EFS Overview

2.	Parsing Features

3.	Parsing Records

4.	Parsing Fields

5.	Filtering

Identifier

This 'read only' field displays the unique EFS identifier.

Description

This field displays the EFS description.

Records (see Parsing Records for more information)

Variable length radio button

This option is always enabled (at the present time).

Delimiters combo box and edit box
The combo box and associated edit box allow you to specify the characters which delimit records. Select one of the entries in the combo box or enter the ASCII decimal equivalent numbers (separated by commas) in the edit box.

Features (see Parsing Features for more information)

Feature detection combo box

This combo box allows you to choose the method used to recognize features.

ID field position

This field contains the position in the record of the feature ID.  The feature ID is used to name the incoming feature. This field is optional unless the feature detection is set to "Feature has an id field".  If this field is set to 0, it is ignored and the feature will derive its name from the file name.

Sequence number field position

This field contains the position in the record of the feature sequence number. This field is is only required if the feature detection is set to "Feature has a sequence number".

Feature start characters

This field contains the position in the record of the feature start string. This field is only required if the feature detection is set to "Group of characters begins feature" or "Group of characters begins/ends feature".

Feature end characters

This field contains the position in the record of the feature end string. This field is only required if the feature detection is set to "Group of characters end feature" or "Group of characters begins/ends feature".

Connect feature points

If selected, the points in the feature are connected (see Connected Features for more information).

Format Button

Clicking on this button activates the EFS Feature Format Dialog Box which allows you to control thecolor, symbol, and line type of incoming features.

Record Selection (see Filtering for more information)

All / By inclusion / By exclusion radio buttons

These buttons control the record selection process. If All is selected, all records are read and processed. If By inclusion is selected, only those records which match the types are processed. If By exclusion is selected, the specified record types are excluded.

Type field position

Specifies the position of the record type field. This field is only required if By inclusion or By exclusion is selected.

Include (Exclude) Types

Enter the contents of the record type field which should be included or excluded.

Fields (see Parsing Fields for more information)

Delimiter(s) Combo and Edit box

The combo box and associated edit box allow you to specify the characters which delimit fields within a record. Select one of the entries in the combo box or enter the ASCII decimal equivalent numbers (separated by commas) in the edit box.

Skip Char(s) Combo and Edit box

The combo box and associated edit box allow you to specify the characters which are skipped. Select one of the entries in the combo box or enter the ASCII decimal equivalent numbers (separated by commas) in the edit box.  NOTE: the record delimiters are always skipped.

X

Enter the field position of the x coordinate.

Y

Enter the field position of the y coordinate.

Z

Enter the field position of the z coordinate.  This field is optional.  If not required enter 0.

Comment

Enter the field positions of the comment.  This field is optional.  If not required enter 0. The maximum length of a comment is 25 characters. If more than one field is entered (eg. 5,6), those fields will both be included in the comment field.

Test/View button

Clicking on this button pops up the External Format Specification Test dialog box allowing you to test a format (EFS) with on a file.


External Format Specification Test Dialog

The External Format Specification Test dialog is accessed from the External Format Specification Dialog.  It allows you to test an External Format Specification (EFS) on a file.

The first time the dialog is activated you will be prompted for the name of the file and the first record in the file will be read.  The List box displays the raw data file. X , Y , Z , Cmt , Record # , Feature Number and  Feature Id fields display the interpreted contents of of each record.

Open File

Select this button to open a file and read the first record.

Prev Record

This button moves to the previous record.  You can only review the previous 19 records.

Next Record

This button move to the next record.  This option will be disabled if all records in the file have been read. To read the file again simply open it again.

Read All

Reads all records in the file.

NOTE: If nothing appears in the list box when a file is opened and the Prev Record and Next Record button are disabled you are probably trying to read a binary file.  EFS doesn't support binary files.


EFS Feature Format Dialog

The EFS Feature Format dialog allows you to control the format (linetype, symbol, color and hatch type) of the incoming features.  It is accessed from the External Format Specifications Dialog Box by pressing the Format button in the features section.

Add

Adds a new format by activating the Linetypes and Symbols dialog box.

Remove

Removes a format item.

Properties

Activates the Linetypes and Symbols dialog box.

Feature ID.

Enter the Feature ID to which the format applies.  NOTE: wildcards (?) are supported.

To setup a new format.

1) Press the Add Button.

2) Select the appropriate color, linetype, symbol, and hatchtype for the incoming features.  NOTE: if the incoming features are not linear the linetype and hatchtype will be disabled.

3) Enter the Feature ID to which the format applies.  NOTE: wildcards (?) are supported.


Wildcard
WILDCARD CHARACTER (?)

? is a wildcard character. It matches any character.  For instance

AB??C matches

AB12C

ABBBC


Interpolate Points Dialog

This dialog allows you to automatically add (and remove) feature points. It is accessed from  the Edit - Modify Selected Features - Interpolate Points menu.

Spacing
Enter the spacing distance along the existing feature to insert the points.

Include existing points check box

If the checkbox is selected, the existing points on the feature will remain.  If it is not selected, the existing points will be removed.

Note: if the existing points are removed, the spacing between points on the resulting feature may differ from the chosen spacing (see above).  This is because the Spacing is measured along the original feature.

Use stationing from traverse

This option only applies to features which have been imported from the Survey/Map module (if none exist, this option will be disabled).

If a traverse has been imported from the Survey/Map module the station (cumulative horizontal distance) entered in the Survey Notes may be different frmo the station calculated from the feature coordinates.  If this option is selected, the station is calculated from the traverse stations.

Labels Group

Use default

If this check box is selected the interpolated points will recieve the same label format as the feature.  If you wish to change this press the Labels button.

Symbols Group

Use default

If this check box is selected the interpolated points will recieve the same symbol format as the feature.  If you wish to change this press the Symbols button.


Label Edit Dialog

This dialog is used to enter new Floating Labels. It may also be used to modify the format or position of existing labels. See Adding Floating Labels.

The following options are available.

Text Edit Box

If you are creating or editing new floating labels this dialog box will allow to type in the label text. If you are editing any other type of label (such as station, elevation etc.) this Edit box will be disabled.

Font Size

Enter the font size.

Color Combo Box

Select the label color you require.

Connector Combo Box

Select one of None, Line or Arrow.

Text Border Combo Box

Select one of None, Line, Circle or Box.

Reset to Default

Set the label format and position to the default set in Label Selection and Formatting Dialog Box.


Linetypes and Symbols

This dialog allows you to control the display of features. This dialog is accessed from the Edit - Modify Selected Features - Linetypes menu.

The following information can be configured.

Color

Line type

Symbol

Hatch type

The "+" button after the color allows you to create a custom color by entering an RGB triplet.  See Custom Color Dialog.

The "+" button beside the symbol activates the Symbol Size and Rotation Dialog box, which allows you to set the size and rotation angle for a symbol.

See Module - Setup for information on setting up your own line types and symbols.

NOTE: The number of colors available may be limited if your screen supports 256 colors or less (see Windows Control Panel).


Label Selection and formatting Dialog

Label Selection

To select a label category for display, highlight the appropriate list box entry and select it by either double clicking or checking the Display check box.

Some label categories allow you to control the spacing of labels by entering a Min. Spacing. If selected, labels will only be displayed if the Min. Spacing between successive labels is greater than the specified distance. Entering a Min. Spacing of 0 will cause all labels to be displayed. If you explicitly enable or disable an individual label, the minimum spacing will be ignored for that point. The following example shows a traverse with the Min. Spacing for Elevation and Station labels set to 200.0.

Label Positioning

The basic label position is controlled by the Offset and Angle fields.

Offset

The Offset field allows you to position the label a specified distance from the feature.

The offset can be either right or left of the feature. To determine the left or right orientation imagine you are standing on the point and looking in the direction of the next point. Left will be on your left. If the feature consists of a single point, the side (left or right) is ignored and the offset angle is measured from the direction due east.

The offset distance is in millimeters (25mm ~ 1 inch). The offset distance is measured to the label reference point. In most cases the label reference point is the left side of the label. For most labels the point to which the label is 'attached' is an existing point on the feature; however with some label categories such as Azimuth and Distance the default attachment point is the mid point on the line segment between points.

Angle

The angle measurement depends on the user selection of Left, Right and Absolute. The following cases apply.

Side/Absolute	Angle Measurement

Right/No	Clockwise from right perpendicular bisector

Left/No	   Clockwise from left perpendicular bisector

Right/Yes	   Clockwise from north

Left/Yes	Clockwise from south

Label Format

You can control the size of characters by using the font size edit box. This field refers to font point size (72 points = 1 inch). You can also control the precision of numeric labels by entering a value Decimals.

Font Button

The Font dialog box allows you to control the following font attributes; Font, Font Style, Color and Size (for more information on available fonts refer to your Microsoft Windows Documentation).


Mapsheet Setup Dialog

This dialog is accessed from the Options - Mapsheet Setup menu. It is used to setup or register a new map on the tablet.

The format of this dialog depends on the current coordinate digitizing mode (see Coordinate Digitizing for more information).

Map Scale:

Enter the natural scale of the map (see Project Units and Scales for more information).

Origin X:

This field only appears if Coodinate Digitizing is On. Enter the x-coordnate of a point which you can identify on the map. You will be required to digitize this point on the map when you exit from the Map Sheet Dialog box.

Origin Y:

This field only appears if Coodinate Digitizing is On. Enter the corresponding y-coordnate.


Menu Customization

The Menu Customization dialog is accessed from the Setup dialog.  It allows you to add or remove menu items in various categories (Function Groups).

Demonstration Mode Options

Depending on the product(s) you have purchased, functions will be available in either full function mode or demonstration mode.The purpose of demostration mode is to allow you to preview functions which you have not yet purchased.

If a function is available in demonstration mode it will be indicated in the list box with a red circle in front of it and the text "demonstration mode only".

NOTE If you choose a demostration mode item, the program will operate in a limited capacity and will not allow you to save files. Once in demo mode you can not switch back to full function mode.


Modify Current Point Dialog

Modify Current Point Dialog

The Modify Current Point Dialog allows you to change the x,y,z coordinates of a feature and to generate curves in a feature. This dialog is accessed from menu Edit - Modify Current Point - Coords.

The dialog box supports two methods of entry: Survey Format and Coordinate Format.  In Survey Format the underlying feature coordinates are calculated from azimuth, distance and slope shots.  In Coordinate Format the x,y,z coordinates of each point are manipulated directly.

NOTE: In Survey format when a shot is changed the coordinates of the points after the shot are adjusted so that subsequent shots remain unchanged.

Figure: Modification of a Shot in Survey Format

Curves are generated between the current and next points in Coordinate Format; the radius must be bigger than half the distance between points (chord distance). In Survey Format, the Curve Options button can be used to change the way the Azimuth and Distance fields are interpreted, see Curve Options button below.

If the Z coordinate or slope % is unavailable for editing the feature is a Draped feature.

Prev button

Decrements the current point. In Survey format the current point is at the end of the shot.

Next button

Advances the current point. In Survey format the current point is at the end of the shot.

Add button

Pressing the Add button creates a new point or shot (depending on format).  In Coordinate format the new point (x=0,y=0,z=100) is added.  In Survey format a new shot (Az=previous,Dist=100,Slope%=0) is added. This button is disabled in Coordinate Format if the current point is the beginning of a curve (radius defined).

Delete button

Deletes the current point or shot.

Update List button

Updates list display with the data in the Current Point area. This occurs automatically on Prev, Next or Add.

Survey Format check box

Change between Survey Format (azimuth, distance, slope edit) and Coordinate Format (x, y, z edit).

Curves check box

Enable curves editing; Radius edit box and Right/Left controls become visible. If a feature has curves the Curves check box is disabled and checked (you can"t turn it off). If the Enhanced Mapping and Drafting functional group is disabled then the Curves check box is disabled and unchecked (you can"t turn it on).

General Options button

This button activates the General Options Dialog which allows you to change the azimuth format.

Curve Options button

In Survey Format, this button can be used to change the way the Azimuth and Distance fields are interpreted when a radius is defined. The Azimuth and Distance field headings adjust as soon as you enter a radius to indicate which format you are using. In addition, the list display appends a character after the azimuth and distance items to indicate what they represent:

Curve Azimuth options

Suffix	Header	Description
none	Chord Az	Azimuth along Chord (BC=begin curve to EC=end curve)
T	Tangent Az	Azimuth along tangent at BC
R	Radius Az	Azimuth along radius (BC to center)
C	Center Az	Azimuth along radius (center to BC)
Curve Distance options

Suffix	Header	Description
none	Chord Dist	Distance along Chord (BC=begin curve to EC=end curve)
A	Arc Az	Distance along arc
D	Incl Deg	Included angle or Delta (degrees)


Modify Shape of Selected Features Dialog

This dialog modifies the shape of the selected features. It is accessed from the  Edit - Modify Selected Features -Modify Shape menu.

Several different shapes are provided.

Diameter to Circle

A circle is created from selected feature(s). The diameter is defined by the end points of the feature(s).

Radius to Circle

A circle is created from selected feature(s). The radius is defined by the end points of the feature(s); the first point is the center.

NOTE: All point attributes such as symbols are lost when using this function. All   label formating (point and feature) is also lost.


Move/Size/Rotate Dialog

This dialog moves/sizes and rotates the selected features. It is accessed from the Edit - Modify Selected Features - Move/Size/Rotate menu.

Move Distance

Enter a coordinate offset for X,Y and Z. These offsets are added to the features coordinates.

Size as % of Current Size

Resize the object by entering a X% and Y% change in size. By default the position of the center of the selected features remains fixed. This fixed position can be changed by changing the x and y origin (see below). Maintain aspect ratio keeps the size change equal in both the x and y directions.

Rotation Parameters

Enter the rotation angle in degees counter clockwise. The X and Y origin remains fixed and is also used for the sizing operation above.


Multi-Plot Sub-View Options Dialog

This function can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options or by double clicking on the Sub-View.

Depending on the Sub-View selected one of the following dialog boxes will appear.

1.	Rectangle Sub-View Options Dialog

2.	Profile Sub-View Options Dialog

3.	Plan Sub-View Options Dialog

4.	Legend Sub-View General Options Dialog

5.	Image Sub-View Options Dialog

6.	Scale Bar Sub-View Options Dialog

7.	Terrain Sub-View Options Dialog


Rectangle Sub-View Options Dialog

This function can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options or by double clicking on the Sub-View.

The Rectangle Sub-View Options dialog box allows you to control the text information appearing in a rectangle. The following items can be specified.

Text type

Text included in the rectangle can be either predefined (Date, Traverse File Name, Design File Name, Profile Scales, Plan Scale, Section Scale or User Defined). If the text is User Defined, the edit box provided allows you to enter the required text. Note text can consist of several lines if you insert carriage returns (Enter key).

Align Text

Allows you to align the text horizontally and vertically within the rectangle.

Row Height

This parameter works in conjunction with the Auto checkbox and allows you to set the height of rows in the rectangle.  If Auto is set the row height will be determined by the character font size.

Font

Allows you to select the font type and size for the Rectangle text. The View - Multi-Plot Options dialog - Font global controls will not override fonts or font sizes specified by this option.

Get Default Font

Resets the selected font to what was selected in the View - Multi-Plot Options dialog box.

Draw to screen

This option enables and disables the drawing of the rectangle contents to the screen. Disabling the drawing can speed up the frequent screen refreshes caused by typical operations to set up a Multi-Plot sheet.

Bounding rectangle

This option enables and disables the display of the rectangles boundary when plotting. Pressing the "+" button allows you to change the linetype of the rectangle.

Transparent Checkbox

If selected, the background for the entire rectangle will be transparent.  Conversly if not selected the entire rectangle background will be opaque (white).

Row Dividers Checkbox

If selected, the rows of text will be divided by a horizontal line.


Profile Sub-View Options Dialog

This function can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options or by double clicking on the Sub-View.

This function allows you to edit and format contents of a Multi-Plot Sub-View. It can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options or by double clicking on the Sub-View.

The Profile Sub-View Options dialog box allows you to control the profile display in the Multi-Plot sheet. The following options are available.

Draw to screen

This option enables and disables the drawing of the profile window contents to the screen. Disabling the drawing can speed up the frequent screen refreshes caused by typical operations used to set up a Multi-Plot sheet.

Bounding rectangle

This option enables and disables the display of the profile windows boundary.  Pressing the "+" button allows you to change the linetype of the rectangle.

Scroll Position

Allows you to specify a starting and ending station for the profile. If Auto is selected, the station range will start at 0.

If Auto is not set the start station and elevation can be entered.

NOTE: If Auto is not set it is also possible to scroll the position of the Profile Window using a combination of the <Shift Key> and Up/Down/Left/Right Arrow keys.


Plan Sub-View Options Dialog

This function can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options or by double clicking on the Sub-View.

The Plan Sub-View Options dialog box allows you to control the plan display in the Multi-Plot sheet. The following options are available.

Draw to screen

This option enables and disables the drawing of the plan window contents to the screen. Disabling the drawing can speed up the frequent screen refreshes caused by typical operations to set up a Multi-Plot sheet.

Bounding rectangle

This option enables and disables the display of the plan windows boundary.  Pressing the "+" button allows you to change the linetype of the rectangle.

Scroll Position

Allows you to specify the scroll position of the plan view.

If Auto is selected, the plan view will be centered automatically.

If Auto is not selected, the x,y coordinate of the center point can be entered and a rotation angle set. Note if you move the mouse in the main plan window the coordinates are displayed in the lower right corner.

NOTE: If Auto is not set, you can scroll the window using a combination of the <Shift Key> and Up/Down/Left/Right Arrow keys. You can also rotate the window using a combination of <CTRL> and left/right arrows.


Legend Sub-View General Options Dialog

This function can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options or by double clicking on a Legend Sub-View.

This dialog box allows you to configure the Legend Sub-View. The following options are available.

a) Legend

Title

Legend title.

Alignment

Alignment of title center, left and right.

Font

Select the font for the title. The font of the Legend items can be changed by clicking the More button.

Show Frame

If enabled, a frame is drawn around the outside of the legend. The format of the frame can be changed by clicking the More button.

Show Grid

If enabled, grid line separating legend items are displayed. The format of the grid can be changed by clicking the More button.

Draw to Screen

If selected the legend is drawn to the screen. If you wish to speed up the multi-plot display on the screen you can turn this off.

b) Layout

Number of columns

Enter the number of columns in the legend.

Column width (mm)

If Auto is not set the column width can be explicitly set in mm. The width of the description and graphics can be changed by clicking the More button.

Auto

If selected, the column width is set according to the total width of the legend window.

Row Height mm.

Enter the row height in mm.

Title Height mm.

Enter the title height in mm.

More Button

This button activates the Legend Sub-View Options Dialog box.

Items

This button activates the Legend Items Dialog box.


Legend Sub-View Options Dialog

This dialog box is accessed from the Legend Sub-View General Options Dialog.

The Legend Sub-View is divided into a series of items, Each item contains a graphics area and a description area.

The total width of each item is determined by the Column width (mm) field in the Legend Sub-View General Options Dialog box. The relative positions of the Graphics and Description areas are determined by first positioning the graphics area. The Description is then positioned relative to the remaining area.

a) Graphics Area

The following fields control the position of the graphics area relative to the total Column Width.

Alignment List Box

Select either left or right.

Width (mm)

Enter the width of the graphics area in mm.

Offset (mm)

Enter the offset for the graphics area in mm. This offset is measured from the side the graphics area is aligned to (left or right).

b) Description Area

The following fields control the position of the graphics area relative to the column width after the graphics area has been removed.

Alignment List Box

Select either left, right or center.

Offset (mm)

Enter the offset for the Description area in mm. This offset is measured from the side the Description area is aligned to (left or right). The offset is ignored if the Description area is aligned to the center.

Font

This option allows you to select the Font type and size for the Description.

c) Borders

Frame Button

This option enables the line types Dialog box allowing you to select the color and Line type for the outside border around the legend. The border is only drawn if the Show Frame option is enabled in the Legend Sub-View General Options Dialog box.

Grid Button

This option enables the line types Dialog box allowing you to select the color and Line type for the grid lines separating legend items. The border is only drawn if the Show Grid option is enabled in the Legend Sub-View General Options Dialog box.

Outside Margin (mm)

This field controls the margin between the border of the legend and the enclosing multi-plot Sub-View window.


Legend Items Dialog

This dialog box is accessed from the Legend Sub-View General Options Dialog.

It allows you to add, remove and change items in the Legend. The List box displays the current legend items. Each item has a graphics and description area. The following functions are available.

Add

Adds a new legend item. When this button is pressed the line types and Symbols Dialog box appears allowing you to select the graphic portion of the legend item. After the graphic has been selected enter the description in the Description edit box.

Remove

Removes the highlighted Legend Item.

Shift Up

Move the selected Legend Item up one position.

Shift Down

Move the selected Legend Item down one position.

Description

Enter the item description.

Properties

When this button is pressed the line types and Symbols Dialog box appears allowing you to modify the graphic portion of the legend item.


Image Sub-View Options Dialog

This function can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options or by double clicking on the Sub-View.

Image files can be either BMP or JPG format.

Image File Name

Enter the full path name of the image file or press the Browse button to use the standard file open dialog to find the image file.

Browse Button

Activates the standard file open dialog allowing you to find your image file in the directory structure.

Draw to Screen

If selected the image is drawn to the screen. If you wish to speed up the multi-plot display on the screen you can turn this off.

Stretch to Fit Window Check Box

If this item is selected the image will be stretched to fit exactly in the Sub-View window. This will distort the aspect ratio (ratio of length to width).


Scale Bar Sub-View Options Dialog

This function can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options or by double clicking on the Sub-View.

The following options are available.

Scale Type List Box

Select one of

User Defined - Allows you to explicitly set the scale in the Scale edit box below.

Plan Scale - Set scale according to the first Plan window (Plan:1).

Profile Vert. Scale - Set scale according to the Profile vertical scale.

Profile Horz. Scale - Set scale according to the Profile horizontal scale.

Scale

If the User Defined scale type is selected you can enter any scale you wish.

Draw To Screen

If selected the scale bar is drawn to the screen. If you wish to speed up the multi-plot display on the screen you can turn this off.

Title

Enter a text string which appears above the scale bar.

Bounding Rectangle

If selected, the scale bar will be surrounded by a rectangle.

Font

Activates the Font dialog box enabling you to select the font for the scale bar.

Get Default Font

Retrieves the default font. The default font is set in menu Default Font Dialog.


Terrain Sub-View Options Dialog

This option allows you to display a Terrain file in in a Multi-Plot subwindow.  This function can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options or by double clicking on the Sub-View.

The following options are available.

Terrain File Path

Enter the Terrain file name (*.TER) or press the Browse button to activate the standard file open dialog box to search for the file.

Layout File Path

Enter an optional Layout file name (*.TLT). If no layout file name is entered the terrain will be displayed in the format it was last saved in.  Press the Browse button to activate the standard file open dialog box. Note this field is only required if you would like to display the Terrain file differently than the way it was last saved.

Draw to screen

This option enables and disables the drawing of the rectangle contents to the screen. Disabling the drawing can speed up the frequent screen refreshes caused by typical operations to set up a Multi-Plot sheet.

Center Coordinates

X

X coordinate of the center of the window.

Y

Y coordinate of the center of the window.

Rotation

Enter the plan rotation angle in degrees (counterclockwise).

Bounding box

This option enables and disables the display of the rectangles boundary when plotting.  Pressing the "+" button allows you to change the linetype of the rectangle.

Transparent Checkbox

If selected, the background for the entire rectangle will be transparent.  Conversly if not selected the entire rectangle background will be opaque (white).


Multi-Plot Options Dialog

This function can be accessed from menu View - Multi-Plot Options.  Multi-Plot Options is only available if the Multi-Plot window is active.

This function provides global controls over all the Sub-Views contained in the Multi-Plot Window. To edit and format contents within individual Sub-Views see View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options.

Font - Rectangles Button

Sets the default font for all the text in the rectangle sub-views. Those rectangles for which you specified a different font or font size (overriding default) will not be changed by this option.

Get Default Font Button

You can reset the default font back to the default for all the rectangle sub-views controlled by above Font - Rectangles option.

Draw all graphics

When setting up Multi-Plot sheet, redrawing the contents of each Sub-View (Plan, Profile, Data etc.) can be time consuming. To disable redrawing of graphics within all sub-views, click on the Draw all graphics box until it is clear. When you have a combination of enabled and disabled draws for sub-views, (you can set sub-view draws individually using View - Multi-Plot Sub-View Options - Draw to Screen), the Draw all Graphics box will be gray.

Scroll bars

This option allows you to add scroll bars to the Multi-Plot window (note that shift arrow keys will scroll even if there are no scroll bars present).

Show grid

When this option is selected, dots are displayed on grid points (see Spacing and Snap to Grid).

Snap to grid

When this option is selected, the borders of sub-views coincide with grid lines (after moves). This option is very useful to ensure that sub-views line up with each other.

Show rulers.

This option will display rulers along the top and left of the Multi-Plot sheet.  This can be useful for setting up output for pre-printed sheets.

Spacing

This option allows you to control the spacing of the grid in either inches or millimeters.


Plan Window Options Dialog

The Plan Window Options Dialog is accessed through the View - Active Window (Plan) Options Menu which is available when the Plan Window is active.

The following options are available.

Scale

Enter the natural scale. For more information see Project Units and Scales.

Rotation

Enter the plan rotation angle in degrees (counterclockwise).

Fixed Window Check Box

If selected, the title bar and border will be removed and the plan window position will be fixed. This style will optimize screen space.

Scroll Bars Check Box

 If selected, scroll bars will be placed on the right hand side and at the bottom of the plan window allowing the user to shift the view with the mouse.

North Arrow Check Box

If enabled, a north arrow is displayed.

Tin Points Check Box

If selected, TIN points will be displayed at triangle crossing points for draped features.

Labels Check Box
Various labels can be displayed along the plan. Checking Labels will enable the display of labels on the plan. Pressing the "+" button beside the Labels button will popup the Label Selection and Formatting dialog box. The font size and position of these labels can be controlled.

Grid Check Box

Allows you to control the format and display of grid lines in the plan window. See Grid Dialog box for more information.

Snap to point Check Box

If this checkbox is selected, when a  new point is created or an existing point is edited the nearest point on an adjacent feature is selected provided that it is within a minimum distance(2 mm.) .

Snap to grid Check Box

If this checkbox is selected, when a  new point is created or an existing point is edited the cursor is positioned on the nearest grid node.  The spacing and display of the grid can be controlled in the Snap-to Grid Parameters Dialog box which is accessed by clicking on the "+" button beside the Snap to grid check box

Background Check Box

If this check box is enabled, backgrounds Terrain files will be displayed.   Clicking on the "+" button beside the check box will activate the Background Display Properties dalog box allowing allowing you to set the background file(s).

Triangles: None, All or Boundary Radio Buttons.

These radio buttons allow you to control the display of the Terrain Model if one exists. If triangles is enabled, all the triangles in the model are displayed. If boundary is selected the the outer boundary of the model is displayed.

General Options Button
This button activates the General Options Dialog.


Edit Symbols Dialog

The Edit symbols dialog allows you to create or modify symbols. This dialog box is accessed from the Module - Setup Menu.

A Symbol type consists of one or more Symbols Item(s) and Text Item(s). These items are defined in the following Tabs.

Symbol Items Tab

Text Items Tab

NOTE: There is 12 standard symbols, identified at the top of the Symbol List box with a red button, which can not be modified.

Description

Enter symbol description.

Rotatable check box

If checked, symbols will be displayed relative to the feature. Single point symbols will be rotated when a feature rotation operation is done (Edit - Modify Selected Features - Move/Size/Rotate menu).

Sizeable check box

If checked, symbols wil be sized when feature sizing operation is done (Edit - Modify Selected Features - Move/Size/Rotate or Edit - Modify Selected Features - Move/Size).

Duplicate Button

Creates a duplicate copy of a symbol which can then be modified.

Delete Button

Removes a symbol.

Shift Up Button

Shifts a symbol higher in the list.

Shift Down

Shifts a symbol lower in the list.

Save

Save the current symbols into a file. It is possible to maintain several standard symbol tables. The default file which automatically loaded is NORMAL.SYM.

Open

Retrieves a set of symbols from a file.


Symbol Editor - Symbol Items Tab

This dialog allows you to add, change or remove symbol items in a symbol. It is accessed from the Symbol Items Tab in the Edit Symbols Dialog box.

A Symbol can consist of one or more Symbol items. Symbol items consist of a series of line segments (move with pen up, draw with pen down). The maximum number of points in a symbol item is 20.

Available Symbols Combo Box

Symbol items can be created from existing symbol items. Select from the list of existing symbols and press the Add button to add the symbol items from the selected symbol.

Add Button

This button adds all the symbol items from the selected symbol.

Scale

Enter a scale factor is used to enlarge or reduce the symbol size.

Perp. Offset (mm).

Enter the perpindicular offset from the centerline (line connecting the raw vertices) left is negative.

Thickness(mm)

Enter the line thickness in millimeters for the selected symbol item.

Filled Checkbox

If selected, all the points in the symbol are assumed to form a polygon (in the order they are entered). The polygon is then filled.

New Button

Creates a new symbol item and activates the Symbol Item Editor Dialog.

Edit Button

Activates the Symbol Item Editor Dialog with the current symbol item.

Delete Button

Deletes the current symbol item.

Sample Display

Shows the current symbol item.


Symbol Editor - Text Items Tab

This dialog allows you to add, change or remove text items in a symbol. It is accessed from the Text Items Tab in the Edit Symbols Dialog box.

A Symbol can consist of one or more Text items.

Add Button

Adds a new text item to the symbol.

Delete Button

Removes the highlighted item.

Text

Periodic text string.

Scale

Scale factor is used to enlarge or reduce the character size.

Angle(degrees)

The angle (counterclockwise in degrees).

Perp. Offset(mm)

Perpendicular offset from center line (left is negative).

Draw Transparent Check Box.

Draw transparent check box allows you to control if an opaque rectangle surrounding the text will be drawn.

Font Button

Allows you to change the font. NOTE: there are many set of symbol fonts available for windows such as standard mapping and geological symbols.  These can be very useful for generating symbols.

Click on the Current Text Items List box to see changes. All units are in paper space units (mm on the output paper) not project units.


Profile Window Options Dialog

The Profile Window Options Dialog is accessed through the View - Active Window (Profile) Options Menu which is available when the Profile Window is active.

The following options are available.

Features Displayed

Main

This edit box contains the fence section feature (feature on which the profile is based). It is in the form ID-SubID eg. dline-1.

+ button

Pressing the+ (plus) button allows you to select the fence section feature from a list of features.  See Select Feature by Name dialog.

Current button

Pressing this button causes the current feature to become the fence section feature.  This function activated using the View - Current Feature to Profile menu.

Projected/Intersected button

Activates the Projected/Intersected dialog box allowing you to add or remove projected and intersected features.  This function is only available if Profile Drafting and Design Function Group is enabled (see Function Groups for more information).

Scale

Horizontal Scale:

Enter the natural horizontal scale. For more information see Project Units and Scales. This field is disabled if Auto Scale is set (see below).

Vertical Scale:

Enter the natural vertical scale. For more information see Project Units and Scales. This field is disabled if Auto Scale is set (see below).

Auto Scale Check Box

If selected, the horizontal and vertical scales are choosen such that the entire profile fits in the window.

Fixed Scale Check Box

This check box allows you to control the ratio ratio between horizontal and vertical scales. This option only applies iif Auto Scale is enabled.  If selected, the Vertcial and Horizontal Scale edit boxes (see above) contain the ratio of horizontal to vertical scale.

Other Options

Fixed Window Check Box

If selected, the title bar and border will be removed and the profile windows position will be fixed. This style will optimize screen space.

Scroll Bars Check Box

If selected, scroll bars will be placed on the right hand side and along the bottom of the Profile Window allowing the view to be shifted using the mouse. Scroll bars are not available if Auto Scale is set (see above).

Labels Check Box
Various labels can be displayed along the profile. Checking Labels will enable the display of labels on the profile. Pressing the "+" button beside the Labels button will popup the Label Selection and Formatting dialog box. The font size and position of these labels can be controlled.

Grid Check Box
Allows you to control the format and display of grid lines in the profile window. See Grid Dialog box for more information.

Snap to point Check Box

If this checkbox is selected, when a  new point is created or an existing point is edited the nearest point on an adjacent feature is selected provided that it is within a minimum distance(2 mm.) .

Snap to grid Check Box

If this checkbox is selected, when a  new point is created or an existing point is edited the cursor is positioned on the nearest grid node.  The spacing and display of the grid can be controlled in the Snap-to Grid Parameters Dialog box which is accessed by clicking on the "+" button beside the Snap to grid check box

Background Check Box

If this check box is enabled, the Fence Section feature will be projected on any background Terrain files which have a TIN model. Clicking on the "+" button beside the check box will activate the Background Display Properties dalog box. This function is only available if Profile Drafting and Design Function Group is enabled (see Function Groups for more information).

General Options Button
This button activates the General Options Dialog.


Projected Intersected Features Dialog

This dialog box is accessed Projected/Intersected button in the Profile Window Options dialog.  This function is only available if Profile Drafting and Design Function Group is enabled (see Function Groups for more information).

It allows you to specify the projected and intersected features.

Select Button

Activates the Select Feature by Name  Dialog box allowing you to add features.

Clear Button

Removes all features.

Get Near Button

For projected features, this option determines all features which are close (within tolerance distance see below) to the fence section and adds them to this list.

For intersected features, this option determines all features which intersect the fence section.

Tolerance

Is the perpindicular distance from the fence section to the feature. See Get Near button above.


Reverse/Close Dialog box

This dialog box is accessed from the Edit - Modify Selected Features - Reverse/Close menu.

Two options are available.

1) Reverse - changes the direction of a feature by making the 1st point last, 2nd point 2nd last etc.

2) Close - makes a feature into a closed loop by adding a new point concident with the first point.


Save As DXF Export Dialog

The DXF Data Export is available from the File - Save As menu item by choosing from the Save File as Type combo box (lower left) "Autocad Format (*.DXF)". This option creates a 3 dimensional coordinate preserving DXF file.

The elements you may export will be placed on various predefined layers. The name and description of these layers is displayed in the list box and you may select which of these are exported. See the end of this section for contents of available layers.

The following AutoCad entity types can be exported:

1)	3D polyline (linear features, contours, property boundaries etc.)
2) Points (single point features)
3) Blocks (a square symbol representing feature points)
4) Text attributes (attached to above points)
5) 3D faces (triangles)

To export text you must also export the POINTS layer. The following are the layers available for export:

0	AutoCad Default Layer	Normally this layer is not required
Feature Layers	User defined layers.	These layers are determined by the layers in the Layer Selection table (see Add/Remove Layers Dialog box).
ANON	All other layers.	This layer includes all features which are not accounted for in the Feature Layers above.
TRIANGLES	Terrain model triangles.	Each terrain model triangle is exported as a 3D Face entity.
POINTS	Text insertion point locations.	These points are required if text is attached.
COMMENTS	Text label	Comment label, attached to POINTS blocks
COMMENT2	Text label	Comment2 label attached to POINTS blocks
CONTLBL	Text label	Contour label attached to POINTS blocks.
CULVERT	Text label	Culvert labels attached to POINTS blocks (from an imported traverse)

Options

Select All (button), Select None (button):

These buttons select or deselect all the layers in the list box. To select or deselect a single layer without changing the status of the other layers, hold the control key while clicking.

Edit Layer... (button):

This button pops up a dialog box that allows you to change the color and line type for the current layer (the one last selected).

Rotate, Translate... (button):

This button pops up a dialog box that allows you rotate or translate the coordinate system (X=Northing, Y=Easting, Z=Elevation). For example, if you wish to export to a map that uses UTM coordinates, you would enter the difference between UTM and local (X, Y) into the offset X and offset Y fields.

Text Viewing Scale (edit box):

This edit box is used only to determine text size. Any text which is exported will be a reasonable size when the image is viewed at this scale.

Save as Default (check box):

If checked, all the choices made in the DXF options dialog box (including items controlled by buttons, such as Rotate, Translate...) will be saved in a file (terrain.ini) and used for the next DXF export.


Select Features by Boundary

This dialog box allows you to select features inside or outside of a polygon. It is accessed from the Edit - Select Features by Boundary  menu.  The function uses the current feature as a boundary and is only available if at least one feature is selected.

Options Available

Inside/Outside radio buttons

Select features inside or outside the current feature.

Include features partially inside or outside checkbox.

If this option is selected, features which are cross over the current feature will be included.

Retain currently selected features checkbox.

If selected, all features which are currently selected will remain selected after the operation.


Select Features by Layer Dialog

This dialog box allows you to select features according to predefined layers. It is accessed from the Edit - Select Features by Layer  menu.

The list box displays a list of pre-defined layers.  It is possible to add or remove layers by pressing the Layers button.  If there are no features which match a layer string then a red circle is displayed beside the list box item.  If all features  which match a layer string are selected a check mark will be displayed beside the list box item.

Options Available

Select button

Selects all features matching the highlighted layer(s).  Note it is possible to highlighted more than one layer in the the list box using the Shift and Cntrl keys.

Unselect button

Unselects all features matching the highlighted layer(s).  Note it is possible to highlighted more than one layer in the the list box using the Shift and Cntrl keys.

Select All

Selects all features.

Unselect All

Unselects all features.

Layers

Activates the Add/Remove Layers Dialog box.


Select Features by Name Dialog

This dialog box allows you to select features using a list box. It is accessed from the Edit - Select Features by Name menu. Two modes (Simple and Advanced) are supported.

Options Available in Simple and Advanced Modes

Feature Names List Box

The Feature Names list box displays all features in the current Terrain.  A check mark beside the feature name indicates that it is selected.

Hidden Checkbox

If this checkbox is selected, hidden features are included in the Feature Names List Box.

Displayed Checkbox

If this checkbox is selected, displayed features are included in the Feature Names List Box.

Select Button

Selects the highlited item(s) in the Feature Names List Box. A check mark will appear beside the item after it is selected. NOTE: Holding the <Shift> key while left clicking in the list box will highlight mutiple adjacent items. Clicking and dragging has the same functionality. Holding the <Ctrl> key while left clicking in the list bo will highlight any item.

Un-Select Button

Un-selects the highlited item(s) in the Feature Names List Box. NOTE: Holding the <Shift> key while left clicking in the list box will highlight mutiple adjacent items. Clicking and dragging has the same functionality. Holding the <Ctrl> key while left clicking in the list box will highlight any item.

Select All

Selects all items in the Feature Names List Box.

Un-Select All

Un-selects all items in the Feature Names List Box.

Advanced/Simple

This button changes the format of the dialog box from Advanced to Simple.

The following Options are only available in Advanced format.

Select Matching Names

This field contains a matching expression. Enter a number or character in each field you wish to match. A "?" matches all characters.

For Example ?ABC???? will match.

1ABC

1ABCXYZ

AABC

it will not match

ABC

1AB2

Minimum numeric ID:

Select features whose numeric id is greater than this value.

Maximum numeric ID:

Select features whose numeric id is less than this value.

Predefined Layers

This combo box allows you to select matching expressions from a predefined list.

+ Button

Pressing the + button will activate the Add/Remove Layers dialog box.

Select Button

Will select all features matching the current expression.

Un-Select Button

Un-Select all features matching the current expression.


Select Features by Range Dialog

This dialog allows you to select features which match the specified coordinate range.

This dialog box is accessed from the Edit - Select Features - by Range menu

X Range

All Checkbox

If checked, no selection is done by x-coordinate.

Minimum/Maximum

If any x-coordinates falls outside this range the feature is not selected.

Y Range

All Checkbox

If checked, no selection is done by y-coordinate.

Minimum/Maximum

If any y-coordinates falls outside this range the feature is not selected.

Z Range

All Checkbox

If checked, no selection is done by z-coordinate.

Minimum/Maximum

If any z-coordinates falls outside this range the feature is not selected.

Select features partially in range

If selected, linear features which are either partially or completely inside the range will be included.

Retain currently selected features

If checked, any existing selected features will remain selected.

All currently selected features are un-selected before the new features are added."

"Features are selected if all their coordinates fall inside the specified ranges."

"Note: If features are partially outside the range they will not be included in the selection set."


Select Features by Property Dialog

This dialog allows you to select features that match the specified Properties. This dialog box is accessed from the Edit - Select Feature(s) - by Property menu. The properties referred to are set with Edit  Modify Selected Feature(s) - Properties.

Elevation

Ignore

If checked, no selection is done by Elevation property.

3D

Select features with the Elevation item checked in the Properties dialog box.

2D

Select draped features (with the Elevation item un-checked in the Properties dialog box).

Displayed

Ignore

If checked, no selection is done by Display property.

Yes

Select features with the Display item checked in the Properties dialog box.

No

Select hidden features (with the Display item un-checked in the Properties dialog box).

Connected

Ignore

If checked, no selection is done by Connected property.

Yes

Select features with the Connected item checked in the Properties dialog box.

No

Select loose features (with the Connected item un-checked in the Properties dialog box).

Break Line

Ignore

If checked, no selection is done by Breakline property.

Yes

Select features with the Breakline item checked in the Properties dialog box.

No

Select features with the Breakline item un-checked in the Properties dialog box.

Multiple Selection logic

Any of above

If checked, features with ONE OR MORE of the chosen properties will be selected. For example if you choose Displayed = No and Breakline = Yes, this will select features that are hidden OR breaklines (all breakline features and all hidden features).

All of above

If checked, only features with ALL of the chosen properties will be selected. For example if you choose Displayed = No and Breakline = Yes, this will select hidden breakline features (all features that are both breakline AND hidden).

Retain currently selected features

If checked, features already selected will remain selected. Otherwise all selected features are cleared before selecting by Property.


Setup Dialog

Units

Allows you to change between Imperial and Metric Units. Other units (chains, paces etc.) are supported by changing the ROADENG.INI file (see Units).

Slope Ratio

Design Slopes can be expressed as slope ratios (eg. 1:1.5). This combo box allows you to set the format. The most standard format is Rise:Run.

Print Margin

Allows you to control the margin around printed output as a percentage of the narrow page dimension.

Dialog Background Color
Allows you to change the background color of all dialog boxes.

Edit Linetypes

Allows you to modify or create new line types. This option will popup the Edit Linetypes Dialog.

Edit Symbols

Allows you to modify or create new symbols. This option will popup the Edit Symbols Dialog.

Right mouse menu selection check box

If checked

- menu functions are available by clicking the right mouse button.
- edit/insert/select modes are available by right mouse clicking with the Shift key depressed or using the middle mouse button (if one exists).

If not checked

- edit/insert/select modes are available by right mouse clicking.

- menu functions  are available by right mouse clicking with the Shift key depressed or using the middle mouse button (if one exists).

Menus button

Allows you to add or remove specific menu items.

Save As Default for All Modules

This check box will cause all the above defaults to be saved in the ROADENG.INI  and used as defaults for other modules. The linetypes and symbols (normal.lin and normal.sym) are not saved. To change them, save them in the line or symbol editor.


Snap-to Grid Parameters Dialog

This dialog is accessed from the Active Window Options ( Plan Window options dialog or Profile Window Options).  It is used to control the spacing and display of the Snap-to Grid.

Space X:

Enter the grid spacing in the x-direction.

Space-Y

Enter the grid spacing in the y-direction.

Origin-X

Enter the x-coordinate of any point on the grid.

Origin-Y

Enter the y-coordinate of any point on the grid.

Show Grid

If selected, grid will be displayed.


Status Window Options Dialog

The Plan Window Options Dialog is accessed through the View - Active Window (Status) Options Menu which is available when the Status Window is active.

The following options can be configured in the Status Window.

Fixed Window check box - if selected, the status window will remain fixed and the title bar will be removed.

R of W width - used for reporting R/W Area. Enter the total width (clearing limit left to clearing limit right) of the right of way.

Number of Decimals

Enter the number of decimals to be reported in the status fields defined below.

Number of Columns

Enter the number of columns to be displayed.

Scaleable check box - if selected, the font size will change with the status window.  This is can be useful if you are working on a digitizer away from the computer screen

Font button - activates the standard Windows Font dialog where you can choose the font type and size for display in the font.

Display List Button

This option allows you to add and remove Status Window Fields.

General Options Button
This button activates the General Options Dialog.


Symbol Item Editor Dialog

This dialog box allows you to create or modify Symbol Items. It is activated from the Edit Symbols Dialog - Symbol Items Tab by pressing the New or Edit Buttons

To create a new line segment

1.	Select the Add Radio Button, if it is not already selected.

2.	Move the cursor to the position you want to begin the line segment.

3.	Left click the mouse button (the line segment should now "rubber band" as you move the mouse).

4.	Keeping the left button down, move the mouse to the new segment ending point.

5.	Release the mouse button.

To modify an existing line segment

1.	Select the Edit Radio Button, if it not already selected.

2.	Move the cursor to one of the ends of the existing line segment.

3.	Left click the mouse button.

4.	Keeping the left button down, move the mouse to the new segment ending point.

5.	Release the mouse.

Dialog Functions

Reset Button

This function removes all the line segments.

Snap to Grid

If checked, points will be aligned to the nearest grid node.

Redraw

If pressed, the symbol item will be redrawn.

Add Radio Button

If selected, each click and drag will create a line segment. See above for procedure.

Edit Radio Button

If selected, line segments will be edited. Click on the existing point and with the left key depressed move it to a new point. See above for procedure.

Delete Radio Button

If selected, a mouse click on an existing line segment will delete it.


Symbol Size and Rotation Dialog

This dialog box allows you to set the size and rotation angle for a symbol. This dialog box is accessed from the

Linetypes and Symbols dialog box.

Rotation:

Enter the rotation angle in degrees clockwise from north (azimuth convention). NOTE: for rotation to apply the symbol must be Rotatable. See Edit Linetypes Dialog for more information.

Scale factor:

The scale factor magnifies the size of the symbol.  E.g. a scale factor of 2 would double the symbol size. NOTE: for scaling to apply the symbol must be Sizeable. See Edit Linetypes Dialog for more information.


Terrain Calculation Dialog

This dialog box is accessed from the Edit - Calculate Terrain Model menu.

Calculate Triangles Checkbox

Causes a new TIN model to be generated.

Calculate Contours Checkbox

If selected, contours will be generated. If contour(s) already exist for a specified elevation the existing contour is removed before the new one is created.

Note: the "+" button beside calculate contours allows you to change the color and line type of contours.

Calculate Surface Properties Checkbox

If selected, surface properties (surface area, average slope and slope azimuth) will be generated.  This option will be disabled if no VBND features exist.  See Surface Properties for more information.

Remove All Existing Contours Checkbox

If this box is checked all contours are removed. If this box is not checked when contours are generated, existing contours are preserved unless they match the elevation of a contour in the new set.

Triangles

Max. Side Length

If this field is filled in, triangles with sides longer than the specified maximum are removed. (See Included and Excluded Areas for more information).

Min. Side Length

If this field is filled in, triangles with sides shorter than the specified minimum are removed.

Point Selection Button

The point selection activates the Triangle Point Range Selection dialog which allows you to select a subset of points for triangulation.

Contours

Interval

Interval between contours.

Start

Lowest contour elevation -  the calculated value below represents the lowest elevation of all points in the Terrain.

End

Highest contour elevation - the calculated value below represents the highest elevation of all points in the Terrain.

Smoothing Checkbox

If selected, contours will be smoothed (see Contouring for more information).

Thinning Distance

This field contains the thinning distance in project units (see Contouring form more information).

Labeling Checkbox

If selected, contour labels will be generated (see Contouring form more information).

First Label Space

Distance along the contour in mm to the first label. Eg. a with a value of 5 the first label will start 5mm along the contour line on the output sheet.

Next Lable Space

Distance along the contour in mm between consectutive contour labels.


Translation and Rotation Parameters Dialog

This dialog box is accessed from the Import File dialog by pressing on the Coordinates Button.

This dialog allows you to rotate and shift coordinates.

Rotation

The rotation is specified by a origin (center point) x,y and an angle (measured counterclockwise in degrees).

Shift

The coordinate shift (translation) is specified by an Offset X, Offset Y and Offset Z. These offsets are added to each coordinate.

NOTE: The rotation is done before the shift.


Triangle Point Range Selection Dialog

This dialog allows you to select points for triangulation which match the specified coordinate range. This dialog box is accessed from the Edit -Calculate Terrain Model  menu by pressing the Point Selection button.

X Range

All Checkbox

If checked, no selection is done by x-coordinate.

Minimum Maximum

If any x-coordinates is in this range, it is included.

Y Range

All Checkbox

If checked, no selection is done by y-coordinate.

Minimum Maximum

If any y-coordinates is in this range, it is included.


Volume Calculation Dialog

This dialog allows you to begin calculation of volumes. It is accessed from the Edit - Volumes - Calculate menu.  For more information on volume calculations see Volumes.

Surfaces

Surface A

This surface is always the current Terrain.

Surface B

This surface must be entered by typing the full path name (eg. C:\datafiles\pit1.ter)  or using the Browse button to locate the file with the standard WIndows file open dialog box.

Surface Intersection

Calculate feature(s)

This option is only applicable if the two surfaces intersect. If this check box is enabled the intersection polyline between the two surfaces will be calculated and saved as a feature(s).   The feature will have a prefix SSCT.  By pressing the + button beside the checkbox allows you to set the format (linetype, color etc.) for the intersection feature.

Remove existing features

If this checkbox is selected, existing SSCT features will be removed.

Volume Reporting

Volumes by Polygon

This option is only applicable if you have created one or more VBND (volume boundary) features.  If this check box is enabled the quantities are calculated for each boundary.  These volumes are reported in the Volume Reporting Dialog or in the Status Window when a volume boundary feature is selected.


Volume Reporting Dialog

This dialog allows you to view calculated volumes. It is accessed from the Edit - Volumes - Display  menu.  Volumes must be have been previously calculated using the Volume Calculation Dialog. See Volumes for more information.

The volume of material enclosed between the two surfaces is reported as either above A or below A.  Eg. if Surface A is an excavation surface and Surface B is the origional ground then Volume Above A is cut and Volume Below A is fill.

Surface A

This read only field contains the current Terrain.

Surface B:

This read only field contains the second surface specified in Volume Calculation Dialog

Volumes List Box

Volumes are reported in the list box with columns Boundary, Volume Above A and Volume Below A.  If volumes have been calculated by Polgon (see Volume Calculation Dialog), the boundary column will contain the names of the VBND features. Unbounded is the total volume between the two surfaces without any boundary restriction.

Volumes are reported in cubic meters if the Project Units are meters and in cubic yards if the Project Units are set to feet.

Copy to Clipboard

Copies the volumes to the Windows Clipboard from where it can be Pasted in other applications such as MS Excel or MS Word.


Files

1.	ATTRIB.PRM File

2.	NORMAL.LYR File

3.	ROADENG.INI File

4.	Raima Error Messages

5.	Installed Files and Directories

6.	Terrain ASCII File Format


ATTRIB.PRM File

The following attributes are shipped with the system.

[Attributes]
Number=11
0=1,Sml Stream
1=1,Med Stream
2=1,Lrg Stream
3=1,Road CL
4=1,Backline
5=1,D-Line
6=1,BST
7=1,Rock Bluff
8=1,Boundary
9=1,Falling BDY
10=1,Landing

These attributes can be attached to feature points. You can change these attributes by changing the ATTRIB.PRM file (located in the ROADENG directory). Note entries in this file are of the form number=class,description.  At the present time the class must be 1 (for comment).


NORMAL.LYR File

This file contains predefined layers used in the Select Features by Name Dialog.  The entries in this file can be modified with a text editor such as NOTEPAD.

The default is as follows:

[TerLayers]

Layer0=CNTR,Contours from model

Layer1=ROAD????,Roads

Layer2=STREAM??,Streams Rivers Creeks

Layer3=BREAK???,Break Lines

Layer4=BOUND???,Boundary


ROADENG.INI File

The ROADENG.INI file provides the default configuration parameters. This file resides in the WINDOWS directory. The following defaults are stored in the ROADENG.INI file.

[Roadeng]

ExeSysDIR=C:\ROADENG\BIN

directory containing executable files, help files, graphics filters, and dll files

SysDIR=C:\ROADENG

directory for data base definition(*. DBD) and ground type table and default layout files.

DxfOutDIR=C:\ACAD\DXF

default directory for DXF output

network=0

set to 1 if running on a network

TerBackground=1,1,10000

This optional entry applies to background display of Terrain files.

The first parameter is bOptimization -
0 = no optimization,
1 = partial optimization

2 = full optimization.

The second parameter is bInterupt - if non 0 then interuptable paints are supported

The third parameter is MaxDrawPnts - this is the number of points to draw before the screen is refreshed

DbTempDIR= C:\TEMPOptional directory for DB-VISTA temp files

sound=1

see technical note on sound for more info.

units=10000.0

number of tenths of mm per project unit 3048.0 ==> imperial units (feet)

ColorParameters=2,2

color on/off for screen and plots respectively
(2 = Auto, 1 = On, 0 =Off)

PrintMargin=5

print margin as percent of page width

[Terrain]

Undo = 10,500,2500,2500

(Undo=m_MAX_UNDO,m_MAX_UNDO_FTR,m_MAX_UNDO_PNT,m_MAX_UNDO_FLOAT)

To disable Undo set.

Undo =0

[Location]

Lline=3,255,0,0,1 SStakes=2,0,155,0,0 RdEdge=2,0,0,255,0

Row=2,0,127,127,0 TopoProj1=0,0,0,0,0 TopoProj2=2,0,0,0,0 TopoProj3=2,0,0,0,0

Strip=1,0,0,0,0

The above lines Lline,Row,TopoProj,Strip change the default line type info.

Line Type, Red Green, Blue, Symbol

Template=3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0

default template parameters: road width left, road width right, ditch depth, ditch width,depth of surfacing layer 1, number of surfacing layers


Raima Error Messages

-1	S_DBOPEN The database is not open. S_DBOPEN is returned when the database is not open, by functions that must be called after d_open (e.g., d_iopen). S_DBOPEN is also returned, when the database is open, by functions that must be called before d_open )e.g., d_setpages, d_dbuserid, d_dbfpath, d_dbpath, d_dblog, d_dbtaf).
-2	S_INVSET The set type is invalid. You may have passed a record or field type to a function that requires a set type.
-3	S_INVREC The record type is invalid. You may have passed a set or field type to a function which requires a record type.
-4	S_INVDB The database name is invalid. Function d_open was unable to find dbname.dbf file. Perhaps you did not specify or incorrectly specified the DBDPATH variable; or you are executing from a directory which does not contain the dictionary file. Other functions also return S_INVDB if an incorrect database number is passed to them.
-5	S_INVFLD The field type is invalid. You may have passed a set or record type to a function which requires a field type. If the current record is of a type other than the one anticipated, S_INVFLD will result because the field is inappropriate for the current record type.
-6	S_INVADDR The database address is invalid. The functions d_crset, d_csoset and d_csmset return S_INVADDR. You may have passed the database address variable by value (e.g., d_crset (dba) ) instead of by reference (e.g.., d_crset (&dba)).
-7	S_NOCR No current record exists. The current record is null. It is only null after d_open (if there"s no system record) and after d_delete and d_disdel.
-8	S_NOCO No current owner exists. The current owner is null. This can occur when d_findfm is called without first having set the current owner (e.g., using function d_setor).
-9	S_NOCM No current member exists. The current member is null.
-10	S_KEYREQD A key value is required. Function d_makenew returns S_KEYREQD when d_setkey has not previously set all key fields.
-11	S_BADTYPE Function d_open returns S_BADTYPE when an invalid access type argument is specified. A lock request function returns S_BADTYPE when an invalid lock type is specified.
-12	S_HASMEM Function d-delete returns S_HASMEM when the current record is an owner of a non-empty set.
-13	S_ISMEM Function d_delete returns S_ISMEM when the current record is a member of a set occurrence.
-14	S_ISOWNED Function d_connect returns S_ISOWNED when the current record is already connected to the specified set.
-15	S_ISCOMKEY An illegal operation using a compound key field was attempted.
-16	S_NOTCON A record is not connected to the specified set.
-17	S_NOTKEY The specified field used in a key operation is not a key field.
-18	S_INVOWN The record type is not a legal owner of the specified set. The current record may not be what you think it is. Confirm that the prior Data Manager calls were successful.
-19	S_INVMEM The record type is not a legal member of the specified set. Confirm that the prior Data Manager calls were successful.
-20	S_SETPAGES An invalid parameter was passed to d_setpages, or called after d_open.
-21	S_INCOMPAT Incompatible database dictionaries were specified. S_INCOMPAT is returned from d_open when the dictionary for the specified database is not compatible with the version of the Data Manager runtime that is being executed. You need to rerun ddlp on your DDL specification and then retry your d_open call.
-22	S_DELSYS An illegal attempt to delete the system record was made.
-23	S_NOTFREE An attempt was made to lock a record, set or key type that your application had already locked.
-24	S_NOTLOCKED An attempt was made to access or free an unlocked record, set or type. This may occur when attempting to change a field that is included in a sorted set and that set is not locked.
-25	S_TRANSID A transaction id was not supplied in a call to d_trbegin. This error is not detectable on some C Compilers.
-26	S_TRACTIVE A transaction was already active. An incremental open cannot be performed during an active transaction. Transactions can not be nested. That is, you cannot begin a new transaction with in an active transaction.
-27	S_TRNOTACT A transaction was not active. An attempt was mad to place a write or keep lock outside of a transaction. Only read locks and exclusive locks can be requested outside of a transaction.
-29	S_TRFREE An attempt was made to free a lock inside a transaction is shared mode. Only d_trend or d_trabort can free locks once a transaction has begun
-31	S_NOTRANS No transaction has been started. An attempt was made to update the data base in shared mode outside a transaction. Database changes can only be made in shared mode from within a transaction.
-32	S_EXCLUSIVE Exclusive access is required. A database can only be initialized in exclusive access (or one-user-only) mode.
-33	S_STATIC An attempt was made to place a write lock on a static record or file. A database must be opened in exclusive (or one-user-only) mode to modify a static record.
-34	S_USERID No user id was specified. S_USERID is returned from d_open when no user id is specified. User ids are specified using the DBUSERID environment variable or function d_dbuserid.
-35	S_NAMELEN The database file or path name is too long. d_open returns S_NAMELEN when the 47 character file name limit has been exceeded. The limit is checked after all complete file specifications have been generated from sources such as environment variables.
-36	S_RENAME An invalid file number was passed to the function d_renfile.
-37	S_NOTOPTKEY A field specified in an optional key operation (e.g., d_keystore or d_keydel1) is not an optional key field.
-38	S_BADFIELD A field specified in an optional key operation (e.g., d_keystore or d_keydel1) is not a field in the current record.
-39	S_COMKEY Records containing compound keys cannot be created using function d_makenew.
-40	S_INVNUM An invalid record or set type was specified. A lock request function returns S_INVNUM when an invalid record or set type was specific.
-41	S_TIMESTAMP A record or set is not timestamped. A timestamp function was called for a record or set type which is not being timestamped.
-42	S_BADUSERID The user id contains invalid characters. Since it is used to create a file name, it must contain only alphanumeric characters or underscores ("_").
-43	S_NONETBIOS This error occurs when NetBIOS cannot be found during a d_open. The computer is not connected to a network, or a NetBIOS emulator has not yet been executed.
-44	S_BADPATH The number of elements (paths separated by ";") in DBPATH does not match the number of databases opened. It must either match, or have one or zero elements.
-45	S_BADBFPATH The number of elements (paths separated by ";") in DBFPATH does not match the number of databases opened. It must either match, or have one or zero elements.
-46	S_NOTYPE This code is returned by d_recnext or d_recprev when a current record type has not been established by a prior call to d_recfirst, d_redlast, or d_recdset.
-47	S_INVSORT Function d_mapchar returns S_INVSORT when the specified sort string is longer than 2 characters.
-48	S_DBCLOSE Returned by function d_setfiles when it has been called while a database is open. Returned by function dt_closetask when all of the databases opened in the specified task have not been closed.
-49	S_INVPTR Returned when a pointer argument to a Data Manager function is null.
-50	S_INVID Returned by dt_internals when passed an invalid ID value.
-900	S_NOSPAC E| No more space is available on file. See the note in the Reference Manual for description for function d_trend about a technique for dealing with this error under normal operations. However, this error often occurs when an application program bug has corrupted the Data Manager runtime memory.
-901	S_SYSERR A system error has occurred. This error generally occurs when the Data manager runtime memory has been corrupted.
-902	S_FAULT A page fault has occurred in virtual memory. This error generally occurs when the Data Manager runtime has been corrupted
-903	S_NOWORK No working key file is available. This error generally occurs when the data manager runtime has been corrupted
-904	S_NOMEMORY Your system is unable to allocate sufficient memory. There is not enough available memory for all of the required Data Manager runtime tables. Try calling d_setpages with fewer pages before calling d_ open.
-905	S_NOFILE Data Manager is unable to open the specified file. An error occurred when the runtime tried to open a data file, key file, or log file. Usually it"s because the file doesn"t exist. It could, however, be some other error. You can check C"s errno flag for the particular error code. Also, check your file limit in config.sys, and confirm that all files in DDL are on disk.
-906	S_DBLACCESS Data Manager is unable to lock the transaction activity file. If you are running on MS-DOS, be sure you"ve installed SHARE. This error should never occur since it is hugely unlikely that the TAF could remain locked for the amount of time required for this error to be generated. If it does occur, retry your d_trend. Confirm your DBTAF path, and be sure that the TAF file is flagged for read, write and shareable. If the error persists, it may be that the TAF has somehow been deleted.
-907	S_DBLERR An error occurred while opening or reading transaction activity file. You can check C"s errno flag for the particular error code. Often, this error can be corrected by making the TAF and/ or log file directories and files readable and writable by multiple users. On a Novell network, for example, the files should be created before an application uses them and their attributes must be set to read, write, and shareable.
-908	S_BADLOCKS Functions d_recfree or d-setfree detected inconsistent database locks. This error generally occurs when the Data Manager run time has been corrupted.
-909	S_RECLIMIT You have reached the maximum records per file limit. First determine if old data can be purged or off-loaded. If so, you"ll need to write a program to do it. If not, you will need to reorganize your database somewhat. If there are multiple record types in the file, you can split them into separate files (using db-REVISE or dbexp and dbimp). You might explore splitting the offending record type into several new record types and dividing the record occurrences based on the content of a principal key field (e.g., all names beginning with A-M in record 1 and those with N-Z in record 2).
-910	S_KEYERR A key file inconsistency has been detected. This error generally occurs when the Data Manager runtime memory has been corrupted. Run keybuild if dbcheck reveals a corrupted key file.
-911	S_USERLIMIT The lock manager has detected that the maximum number of concurrent Data Manager users has been reached. The limit can be set or rest through a lock manager command line option. Run set or reset through a lock manager command line option. Run lockmgr with the -u option.
-912	S_FSEEK A seek error was returned on a database file. You can check C"s errno flag for the particular error code. If this error occurs during normal operation, it occurred on the log file and could indicate a lack of available disk space. If this error occurs during recovery, it most likely means that the log file has been corrupted. If this happens, the best course of action is to run dbcheck. I no errors are reported, decide whether or not you want to continue. (Data Manager will run smoothly but dbcheck only detects system-dependent inconsistencies, not application-dependent inconsistencies.) If errors are reported, you"ll need to restore from the most recent backup of the data base.
-914	S_READ A read error was returned on database file. (see the S_FSEEK discussion above)
-915	S_NETSYNC A network synchronization error was detected. An invalid message packet was received from the lock manager. There could have been a transmission error. If only one process has received this error, take it down and bring it back up. If this fails to resolve the problem or if other processes are getting the error, take the entire system down including the lock manager and restart. If the error persists, most likely there is an error in your network.
-916	S_DEBUG The debugging check process was interrupted. This system error can only be issued from a call to dberr (e.g., dberr (S_DEBUG) ).
-917	S_NETERR A network error occurred. Function neterr has already been called with the network error code, Recovery from this error will depend upon your network. A retry of the operation may be all that is necessary, however. If possible, increase the number of NetBIOS sessions. If the lock manager has failed for some reason (e.g., if lockmgr host has been re-booted), most active Data Manager applications will receive this error. The applications and lock manager will need to be restarted.
-918	S_RECOVERY The code is returned from a lock request function or d_open whenever an automatic recovery operation occurs. Function dbautorec (defined in dberr.c) called dberr with this error code. It is intended to inform the user that a recovery operation occurred.
--919	S_WRITE A write error on database file has occurred. (See the S_FSEEK discussion).
-920	S_NOLOCKMGR Data Manager was unable to open lock manager session. The lock manager has not been installed. Install it and restart the application program.
-921	S_DUPUSERID The user id process is being used by another process on the system. If you are using a DBUSERID that has been used on another workstation, it may be necessary to run cleardb on the previous workstation to remove the DBUSERID from the NetBIOS name table.
-922	S_LMBUSY The lock manager is busy. Retry the request. Try increasing the number of users (via the -u option) when running the lock manager. Also, if this error is followed by an S_NETERR error, your local NetBIOS session table may be full. Contact Softree for more information
-923	S_DISCARDED On Microsoft Windows, Data Manager has attempted to lock a discarded memory page.
-924	S_SEM On OS/2, Data Manager is unable to open the "VISTASEM" semaphore.


Installed Files and Directories

The following is a summary of files installed.

C:\ROADENG

Version information

README.TXT

This file contains the release notes. It includes information about the hardware protection key, compatibility with previous versions, enhancements from previous versions and bug fixes.  It is generally of interest to persons downloading from the internet.

Parameter Files

ATTRIB.PRM
attributes for digitizing - (streams, roads etc.) this file can be edited - see terrain help

FILEINP.PRM

file import parameters - see terrain help External Format Specification

DIGITIZE.PRM

digitizer setup parameters

DLINES.PRM

cable logging configurations

The following 4 files contain configuration information. This information can be changed to suite specific user hardware or requirements.  During installation these files can be overwritten.  In this case a backup copy of the original file is saved with extension .000, 001, ….This enables you to recover the original files before installation.

Layout Files

NORMAL.SLT 	default survey layout file

BLOCK.SLT	other survey layout files

PLINE.SLT

THEO.SLT

NORMAL.MLT	default map layout file

1000.MLT	other map layout files

5000.MLT

NORMAL.ILT	default terrain layout file

CABLES.ILT	other terrain layout files

DIGITIZE.ILT

NORMAL.DLT	default location layout file

MULTI.DLT	other location layout files

PLAN.DLT

PROFILE.DLT

REPORT.DLT

TITLE.DLT

TUTORIAL.DLT

These files contain  parameters such as screen sizes, display labels, fonts etc.  They are modified during program operation.

Libraries and Tables

These file contain user defined parameters.

NORMAL.TPL -default template library used in the location module

ENGLISH.TPL - english units templates

METRIC.TPL - metric units templates

NORMAL.LIN -default linetypes - this file can be modified to contain user defined linetypes

NORMAL.SYM - default symbols - this file can be modified to contain user defined symbols

NOTE: The files Sy1, Sy2, Li1 etc. are backup copies of symbols and linetype tables.  They are created each time you install the system so that the user can recover the previous tables in case he accidently installs over them. They are not used.

Sound Files

KEY_DOWN	sound files used for digitizing

KEY_END

KEY_ENTR

KEY_ERR

KEY_NEXT

KEY_PAD
KEY_SAME

KEY_UNDF

KEY_UNDO

KEY_UP

These files can be used to replace the audible tones while digitizing (see Terrain help - Roadeng.ini for more information).

Data Base Definition File

ROADDB.DBD	- system file used for data base access - must be present.

UNINST.ISU	- installer files

INSTALL.TXT	- information about silent install for networks

C:\ROADENG\BIN

The files in the ROADENG/BIN directory are used to execute the program.  They are not of any specific interest to users however with the exception of the help files they must be present for the program to operate.

SURVEY.HLP	- survey/map help file

CABLE.HLP	- cable analysis help file

TERRAIN.HLP	- terrain help file

LOCATION.HLP	- location help file

SOFTREE.HLP	- product information

SOFTREE.DLL	- system dll files

SOFTREE2.DLL

SOFTREE3.DLL

SOFTREE4.DLL

SURVIMP.DLL

TERDLL.DLL

IMGCONV.DLL

NSCBCW.DLL

NWIPXSPX

SC16W.DLL

ISD19.DLL

MFC250.DLL

VISTA.DLL

SURVEY.EXE	- system exe files

TERRAIN.EXE

LOCATION.EXE

WINTRIEV.EXE

KEYSERV.EXE

EMDXF9.FLT	- image mark filter files and parameter files

IMWMF9.FLT

IMAGE.PRM

EMDXF9.INI

IMDXF9.INI

DISPLAY.INI

ISGDI9.INI

IMWMF9.INI

C:\ROADENG\DRIVERS

This directory contains drivers for the hardlock security key.  See Help - Security Lock Installation for more information.

C:\ROADENG\DATA

This directory contains a sub-directory with samples in it (C:\ROADENG\DATA\SAMPLES).  This is a convenient directory to place user project directories.

C:\ROADENG\TUTORIAL

This directory contains the example files used in the tutorial manual.


Terrain ASCII File Format

Terrain ASCII export files consist of the following delimited fields.

1) Feature name and sub id.

Eg. Creek-21 where Creek = feature name and 21 = sub id.

2) Station - accumulated distance along the feature.  Note for single point features this will always be 0.0.

3) X coordinate

4) Y coordinate

5) Z coordniate

6) Comment.  If the comments contains delimiter characters they are replaced with "~" before output.


Compatibility with Previous Versions

Terrain files created in previous versions can be read.

However, terrian files are not backwards compatible to previous versions. They can not be read in version 2. Use File Save As - DXF Format for partial data transfer.


Technical Notes


Sound

Sound functions are very usefull while digitizing.  They can indicate when a feature is closed or when a key is pressed (UP, DOWN , SAME etc.).

The method in which sound generated is controlled in the ROADENG.INI file as follows:

[roadeng]

sound=0

This is the default. The software will try to automatically determine if there is a sound card. If there is a sound card it plays the *.WAV files in the roadeng directory with the sound card. The user can change the contents of these files if he wants different sounds.

sound=1

Plays the *.WAV files in the roadeng directory with the sound card. The user can change the contents of these files if he wants different sounds.

sound=2

Uses MessageBeep and pauses to make sounds - this is the least satisfactory solution.

sound=3

This routine uses function which are not supported in Windows NT. (OpenSound, SetVoiceSound, WaitSoundState, CloseSound functions).


Softree

Softree Technical Systems Inc.

#8 - 650 Clyde Avenue

West Vancouver B.C.

Canada

V7T 1E2

ph:   604-519-6222 (Canada)

fax:   604-926-3075 (Canada)

ph:   206-628-6454 (USA)

fax:   206-464-0742 (USA)

email:  mail@softree.com

internet: www.softree.com