Character Data Manipulations
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 Reference Item| Description
               |
 ALLTRIM()     | Remove leading and trailing spaces from character string
 ASC()         | Convert a character to its ASCII value
 AT()          | Return the position of a substring within a string
 CHR()         | Convert an ASCII code to a character value
 CTOD()        | Convert a date string to a date value
 DTOC()        | Convert a date value to a character string
 EMPTY()       | Determine if the result of an expression is empty
 HARDCR()      | Replace all soft CRs with hard CRs
 ISALPHA()     | Determine if the leftmost character is alphabetic
 ISDIGIT()     | Determine if the leftmost character is a digit
 ISLOWER()     | Determine if the leftmost character is a lower case letter
 ISUPPER()     | Determine if the leftmost character is upper case
 LEFT()        | Extract a substring beginning with the first character
 LEN()         | Return the length of a character string or array size
 LOWER()       | Convert uppercase characters to lowercase
 LTRIM()       | Remove leading spaces from a character string
 PAD()         | Pad character, date or numeric values with a fill character
 RAT()         | Return the position of the last occurrence of a substring
 REPLICATE()   | Return a string repeated a specified number of times
 RIGHT()       | Return a substring beginning with rightmost character
 RTRIM()       | Remove trailing spaces from a character string
 SET EXACT     | Toggle exact matches for character strings
 SOUNDEX()     | Convert a character string to soundex form
 SPACE()       | Return a string of spaces
 STR()         | Convert a numeric expression to a character string
 STRTRAN()     | Search and replace characters within a character string
 STUFF()       | Delete and insert characters in a string
 SUBSTR()      | Extract a substring from a character string
 TRANSFORM()   | Convert any value into a formatted character string
 TYPE()        | Determine the type of an expression
 UPPER()       | Convert lowercase characters to uppercase
 VAL()         | Convert a character number to numeric type
 VALTYPE()     | Determine the data type returned by an expression
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