A book to record amounts of deposits and withdrawals made to or from a bank account.
As seen in the photo, the design of the passbook is plain and simple. It would not have occurred to anyone back then that passbooks would eventually feature colorful and distinctive designs, some even with cartoon characters.
Turning to a related subject, let's take a look at consumer prices in Japan in 1970.
Ñ Salary of a civil servant (in national government, general administration): 62,862Yen
Ñ Part-time student job (at a beer hall): 170Yen/ hour
Ñ Movie ticket: 500Yen
Ñ Newspaper subscription: 750Yen/ month
Ñ Public bath: 38Yen
Ñ Order of soba: 80Yen
This was a time of dramatic economic growth, when living standards as well as household savings were on the rise.

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