Table of Contents
1. The Revenge of the Hackers
2. Beyond Brooks's Law
3. Memes and Mythmaking
4. The Road to Mountain View
5. The origins of `Open Source'
5.1. 1. Forget bottom-up; work on top-down
5.2. 2. Linux is our best demonstration case
5.3. 3. Capture the Fortune 500
5.4. 4. Co-opt the prestige media that serve the Fortune 500
5.5. 5. Educate hackers in guerrilla marketing tactics
5.6. 6. Use the Open Source certification mark to keep things pure
6. The Accidental Revolutionary
7. Phases of the Campaign
8. The Facts on the Ground
9. Into the Future

The Revenge of the Hackers

Eric Steven Raymond$Date: 2000/08/24 22:37:44 $Copyright © 2000 by Eric S. Raymond

Copyright

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Open Publication License, version 2.0.

Revision History
Revision 1.926 August 2000Revised by: esr
DocBook conversion.
Revision 1.831 Aug 1999Revised by: esr
This version went into the first printed edition.

The eruption of open-source software into the mainstream in 1998 was the revenge of the hackers after twenty years of marginalization. I found myself semi-accidentally cast as chief rabble-rouser and propagandist. In this essay, I describe the tumultuous year that followed, focusing on the media stategy and language we used to break through to the Fortune 500. I finish with a look at where the trend curves are going.

1. The Revenge of the Hackers

I wrote the first version of A Brief History of Hackerdom in 1996 as a web resource. I had been fascinated by hacker culture as a culture for many years, since long before I edited the first edition of ``The New Hacker's Dictionary'' in 1990. By late 1993, many people (including myself) had come to think of me as the hacker culture's tribal historian and resident ethnographer. I was comfortable in that role.

At that time, I had no faintest idea that my amateur anthropologizing could itself become a significant catalyst for change. I think nobody was more surprised than I when that happened. But the consequences of that surprise are still reverberating through the hacker culture and the technology and business worlds today.

In this essay, I'll recapitulate from my personal point of view the events that immediately led up to the January 1998 ``shot heard 'round the world'' of the open-source revolution. I'll reflect on the remarkable distance we've come since. Then I will tentatively offer some projections into the future.