pimp issue fourteen

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---+----------- PROBE INDUSTRIES MAGAZINE PHILES
| | ISSUE NUMBER 14
---+--- RELEASED: 11/97 |
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| get new issues and news from us via the web:

http://www.dope.org/pimp/ |
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preface:

the magazine following is an electronic publication to help inform
society on details they may overlook in life, computers and
telephony they may not understand, and to broaden anyone and
everyone's knowledge. there is no blatently illegal information
discussed here. there is knowledge and understanding..

knowledge is the power, the power to the people, the people
are the knowledge. everything is on a need to know basis for us.
we all need the want to know.

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬
contents for issue fourteen
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¸ 11 ¸ ¸
¸ 1 1 ¸ editorial ¸
¸ 1 ¸ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¸
¸ 1 ¸ chitown homegrown ¸
¸ 11111 ¸ -fringe ¸
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¸ ¸ ¸
¸ 22 ¸ the acronym listing ¸
¸ 2 2 ¸ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ to end all acronym listings ¸
¸ 2 ¸ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¸
¸ 2 ¸ pimped fo you by -anonymous ¸
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¸ 33 ¸ ¸
¸ 3 3 ¸ thee super pimpin' huge cdma cellular glossary ¸
¸ 3 ¸ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¸
¸ 3 3 ¸ pimped fo you by -anonymous ¸
¸ 33 ¸ ¸
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¸ 4 4 ¸ news topix for and about the scene ¸
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¸ 444444 ¸ pimped fo you by various sources ¸
¸ 4 ¸ ¸
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×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×

1. Editorial - Chicago Homegrown

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.... Over the pass 7 or so years i've been "around" the h/p
scene, i've seen alotta changes.. for years i saw the europe scene
boom outta control and i saw bbses here that went from 500 new
messages a day down to 10 new messages a day over a weeks period..
things are wacky in the world.. the underworld has so many benefits
for those that dwell within.. however there are downfalls. these
include annoying irc kiddies and pompous eleetists.. essentially they
are just kids who want not only an identity, but THEE identity.

well, i'm bored with the whole rat race aspect of the scene..
i've always just been in it for the "being in the know" aspect of it
all.. and basically that is what we all need to realize; if you really
want to be a part of any society, you must respect it and hold a
decent understandin of how it works before you dive in and try to act
the socialite. slowly you will become part, and you will be in the
know.. in the chicago h/p vicinity.. i'm one of the sysops of
apocalypse 2000.. the board has had good times and bad times.. right
now it's going thru a pretty decent time message activity wise.. but
the activity pertains to things not all too underworld related..
about 97% of the original h/p affiliated users we had ceased calling
since the board first went up about 5 years back. i don't know if
chicago peoples tend to have identity crisis' and just keep changin'
their handles or if people are just dying off from the scene, while
the new kiddies enter after catchin the movie hackers..

all i can say is.. i'm glad i've stuck around and although the
scene isn't all that active in chicagoland for it being such a large
city, i know i have benefitted from being here.. and i basikally wrote
this just to tell the chicago scene to respect what you have and
utilize it.. many h/p peoples i know aren't so fortunate.. being in
little hick towns and easily findable. we have so many resources in
chitown it's insane to think so much of them are going to waste. keep
with the scene, keep the boards alive.. keep the convo alive.. and try
to be as active as you can or you may just see big brother win. yeah..
i'll stop bitchin' now.

what we got for youse in dis here mag.. is good stuff.. for
starters.. we have a mondo-huge acronym list.. in relation to
telephony, radio, computer, and other interesting items to read
about.. i feel like we've become a huge glossary/acronym mag..
you'll understand what i mean.. in the next few issues i have a
500k cellular glossary i'm going to release.. anyways.. we then
gots a huge cdma glossary.. and although this does probably
overlap with the acronym list a little.. don't cry because of some
redundancies.. the cdma glossary is in reference to Code Division
Multiple Access, the digital telephony service offered thru providers
such as PrimeCo and Sprint.(ref:issue 11).. at the bottom there's
always some news regarding technology, busts.. and whatever.. and
then comes the bbs listing.

next issue will have the bank info and recon info we promised for
this issue.. things happened.. things are moving slow.. not good..
but we will have them for the next issue.. of course, the following
next issue will most likely have the phatass cellular glossary and
we'll prolly leave it at that for that issue. the following issue
will have a background on how to use a SecurID card and dialup and
other good stuff too.. really.

later peoples - fringe pimpin'

* END SECTION 1 *

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2. the acronym listing
to end all acronym listings

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*****
* 2 *
*****

2B1Q Two Binary One Quaternary

*****
* 4 *
*****

4GL Fourth Generation Language

*****
* A *
*****

A/D Analog-to-Digital
AAL ATM Adaptation Layer
AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol
AAV Alternate Access Vendors
ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode (HDLC)
ABR Available Bit Rate (ATM)
ABS Alternate Billing Service
ABS Average Busy Stream
ABSBH Average Busy Season Busy Hour (telephony)
AC Access Control (Token Ring, FDDI)
AC Alternating Current
ACD Automatic Call Distribution
ACF Access Control Field (DQDB)
ACF Advanced Communication Function
ACK Acknowledgement (DDCMP, BISYNC)
ACM Address Complete Message (SS7)
ACSE Association Control Service Element (Application Layer)
ACTLU Activate Logical Unit (SNA)
ACTPU Activate Physical Unit (SNA)
ACTS Advanced Communications Technology Satellite
ADCCP Advanced Data Communications Control Procedures (ANSI)
ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (Bellcore)
ADSP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol
AEP AppleTalk Echo Protocol
AFI Authority and Format Identifier (ISO)
AIA Aerospace Industry Association
AIAG Automotive Industry Action Group
AIN Advanced Intelligent Network
AIP ATM Interface Processor
AIRS Alarm Identification Reporting System (Harris Corp.)
AIX Advanced Interactive Executive (IBM's Version of UNIX Operating System)
ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit
AM Active Monitor
AM Administrative Module (AT&T 5ESS)
AM Amplitude Modulation
AMI Alternate Mark Inversion
AMP Active Monitor Present (Token Ring)
AMP Administrative Module Processor
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System
ANI Automatic Number Identification (ISDN)
ANM Ameritech Network Management
ANR Automatic Network Routing
ANS Advanced Network and Services, Inc.
ANS American National Standard
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Application Program
APD Avalanche Photodiode
APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
API Applications Programming Interface
APL Analog Private Line
APP Applications Portability Profile
APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communication (IBM)
APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (IBM)
APS Automatic Protection Switching
APT Telephony Applications System
APZ Telephony Control System
ARE All Routes Explorer (Source Routing)
ARM Asynchronous Response Mode (HDLC)
ARP Address Resolution Protocol (IETF)
ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
AS Autonomous System
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ANSI)
ASDS ACCUNET Spectrum of Digital Services (AT&T)
ASI Alternate Space Inversion
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying
ASN Abstract Syntax Notation (ITU-T)
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ITU-T)
ASP Advanced Speech Processor
ASP AppleTalk Session Protocol
AT Advanced Technology
AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph
ATDM Asynchronous Time-Division Multiplexing
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM Automatic Teller Machine
ATP AppleTalk Transaction Protocol
ATP Application Transaction Programs
ATSC Australian Telecommunication Standardization Committee
AUI Attachment Unit Interface
AURP AppleTalk Update-based Routing Protocol
AUX Apple UNIX
AWG American Wire Gauge

*****
* B *
*****

B Bridge
B Interpolated Pictures (MPEG)
B-CDMA Broadband Code-Division Multiple Access
B-ICI Broadband Intercarrier Interface (ATM)
BISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
B-ISUP Broadband ISDN User Part (SS7)
B-LE Broadband Local Exchange (B-ISDN)
B-TA Broadband Terminal Adapter (B-ISDN)
B-TE Broadband Terminal Equipment (B-ISDN)
B/R Bridge/Router
B8ZS Binary Eight Zero Substitution
BA Balanced Asynchronous (HDLC)
BANCS Bell Administrative Network Communications System
BAS Basic Activity Subset
BAsize Buffer Allocation Size (DQDB, SMDS)
BBN Bolt, Beranak, and Newman
BBS Bulletin Board Service
Bc Committed Burst Size (FR)
BCC Block Calls Cleared (telephony)
BCC Block Check Character (BISYNC)
BCC Bus Control Card
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BCD Blocked Calls Delayed (telephony)
BCDIC Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
BCLB Broadband Connectionless Bearer Service (ATM)
BCOB Broadband Connection-Oriented Bearer Service (ATM)
BCS Basic Combined Subset
BDT Telecommunications Development Bureau
Be Excess Burst Size (FR)
BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (LAPF)
BERT Bit Error Rate Test
BEtag Beginning-End Tag (DQDB, SMDS)
BGP Border Gateway Protocol (IETF)
BGS Business and Government Services (USW !nterprise)
BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts
BHCC Busy Hour Call Completions
BIB Backward Indicator Bit (SS7)
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BIP Bit Interleaved Parity (SONET, SDH)
BISYNC Binary Synchronous Communications protocol (IBM)
BITNET Because It's Time Network
BIU Basic Information Unit
BLSR Bidirectional Line Switched Ring
BLU Basic Link Unit (SNA)
BNC Bayonet Neil Councilman
BNS Broadband Network Service
BOB Breakout Box
BOC Bell Operating Company
BOM Beginning of Message (DQDB, SMDS)
BPAD BISYNC Packet Assembler/Disassembler (PSPDN)
BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit (LAN)
BPRZ Bipolar Return to Zero
BPX Broadband Packet Exchange (StrataCom)
BRCS Business and Residence Centrex Services
BRE Bridge Relay Element
BRI Basic Rate Interface (ISDN)
BRITE Basic Rate Interface Transmission Equipment
BRLU Broadband Remote Line Unit
BRS Business Recovery Service
BSA Basic Service Arrangement
BSBH Busy Season Busy Hour (telephony)
BSC Binary Synchronous Communications protocol (IBM)
BSD Berkeley Software Distribution
BSE Basic Service Element
BSN Backward Sequence Number (SS7)
BSRF Basic System Reference Frequency
BSS Basic Synchronized Subset
BSS Broadband Switching System
BT Burst Tolerance (ATM)
BTA Basic Trading Area
BTAM Basic Telecommunications Access Method (SNA)
BTU Basic Transmission Unit

*****
* C *
*****

C/R Command/Response (HDLC)
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CAE Computer-Aided Engineering
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing
CAM Content-Addressable Memory
CAMEL Call Management Language
CAN Cosmopolitan Area Network
CAP Carrierless Amplitude/Phase modulation
CAP Competitive Access Provider
CAS Channel Associated Signaling
CASE Common Application Service Element
CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering
CAT Computer-Aided Tomography
CATIA Computer-Assisted Three-dimensional Interactive Application
CATV Community Antenna Television
CBDS Connectionless Broadband Data Service (ETSI)
CBEMA Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association
CBR Constant Bit Rate (ATM)
CBX Computerized Branch Exchange
CC Cluster Controller (IBM)
CC Connect Confirmation
CC Country Code (ITU-T)
CCG Central Clock Generator
CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee (ITU)
CCIS Common Channel Interoffice Signaling (AT&T)
CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (ITU)
CCNC Common Channel Signaling Network Control
CCR Commitment, Concurrency, and Recovery (Application Layer)
CCS Common Channel Signaling
CCS Hundred Call Seconds per Hour
CD Call Disconnect (SS7)
CD Collision Detection (LAN)
CD Compact Disc
CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory
CDC Control Data Corporation
CDMA Code-Division Multiple Access
CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data
CDVT Cell Delay Variation Tolerance (ATM)
CEI Comparably Efficient Interconnection
CEI Connection Endpoint Identifier (LAPD)
CEO Chief Executive Officer
CEPT Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
CERN European Council for Nuclear Research
CERT Computer Emergency Response Team
CEV Controlled Environmental Vault
CFO Chief Financial Officer
CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
CHO Choke Packet
CIIII Computer Inquiry III (DOJ)
CIB CRC32 Indication Bit (DQDB, SMDS)
CIC Country Indicator Code
CICS Customer Information Control System
CIDR Classless Interdomain Routing (IETF)
CIDX Chemical Industry Data Exchange
CIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing
CIO Chief Information Officer
CIR Committed Information Rate (FR)
CIRC Cross Interleaved Reed-Solomon Code
CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
CIX Commercial Internet Exchange
CLASS Custom Local Area Signaling Services (Bellcore)
CLID Calling Line Identification (ISDN, CLASS)
CLLM Consolidated Link Layer Management (FR)
CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol (ISO, ITU-T)
CLNS Connectionless Network Service (ISO, ITU-T)
CLP Cell Loss Priority (ATM)
CLTS Connectionless-mode Transport Service
CM Communications Module (AT&T 5ESS)
CM Connection Manager
CMIP Common Management Information Protocol (ISO, ITU-T)
CMISE Common Management Information Service Element (ISO, ITU-T)
CMOL CMIP Over LLC
CMOT CMIP Over TCP/IP
CMP Communications Module Processor
CMU Carnegie Mellon University
CN Common Name
CNE Certified NetWare Engineer
CNM Customer Network Management
CNMA Customer Network Management Agent
CNS Complementary Network Service
CO Central Office
CO Connection-Oriented
COLAN Central Office-based LAN
COM Continuation of Message (DQDB, SMDS)
COMC Communications Controller (SNA)
Companding Compressing/Expanding
CONS Connection-Oriented Network Service (ISO, ITU-T)
COS Corporation for Open Systems
COSE Common Open Software Environment
COT Central Office Terminal
CP Control Point
CP Coordination Processor
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CPI/C Common Programming Interface for Communication
CPU Central Processing Unit
CR Connect Request (SS7)
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRS Configuration Report Server
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CRV Call Reference Value (Q.931)
CS Convergence Sublayer (ATM)
CSA Carrier Serving Area
CSAA California State Automobile Association
CSDN Circuit Switched Data Network
CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access (LAN)
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (LAN)
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (LAN)
CSNET Computer Science Network
CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data Network
CSU Channel Service Unit
CT Computerized Tomography
CT Cordless Telephone
CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association
CTS Clear To Send (EIA-232-E)
CU Control Unit
CVSD Continuously Variable Slope Delta modulation

*****
* D *
*****

D/A Digital-to-Analog
D/C DLCI/Control (LAPF)
DA Destination Address (LAN)
DA Device Address (SNA)
DAC Dual Attachment Concentrator (FDDI)
DACS Digital Access and Cross-connect System
DAL Direct Access Line
DAP Data Access Protocol (DEC's DNA - Application Layer)
DAP Directory Access Protocol (AppleTalk)
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAS Dual Attachment Station (FDDI)
DASD Direct Access Storage Device
DAU Data Adapter Unit
DBMS Database Management System
DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite
DC Direct Current
DCA Digital Communications Associates
DCC Data Communications Channel (SONET)
DCE Data Circuit-terminating Equipment
DCE Distributed Computing Environment
DCER Data Circuit-terminating Equipment Ready
DCM Digital Circuit Multiplication (same as DSI)
DCN Data Communications Network
DCP Digital Communications Protocol
DCS Digital Communications System
DCS Digital Cross-connect System
DCS-1800 Digital Cordless Standard
DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
DD Database Description
DD Domain Directory
DDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol (DNA)
DDD Direct Distance Dialing
DDM Digital Data Multiplexer
DDN Defense Data Network
DDP Datagram Delivery Protocol (AppleTalk)
DDS DATAPHONE® Digital Service (AT&T specific)
DDS Digital Data Service
DE Discard Eligibility (LAPF)
DECmcc DEC Management Control Center
DECT Digital European Cordless Telephone
DES Data Encryption Standard (NIST)
DF Don't Fragment (IP)
DFC Data Flow Control
DFS Distributed File System
DID Direct Inward Dialing
DILIC Dual Inline Integrated Circuit
DIP Dual Inline Package
DISC Disconnect
DL Data Link
DLC Digital Loop Carrier
DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier (LAPD, LAPF)
DLE Data Link Escape (BISYNC)
DLH Data Link Layer Header
DLM Distributed Lock Manager
DLS Data Link Switching (IBM)
DLT Data Link Layer Trailer
DLU Digital Line Unit
DM Delta Modulation
DM Disconnected Mode (HDLC)
DMA Direct Memory Access (computers)
DMAC Direct Memory Access Control
DMB Dynamic Multipoint Bridging
DME Distributed Management Environment
DMS Digital Multiplex Switch
DNA Digital Network Architecture
DNIC Data Network Identification Code (X.121)
DNS Domain Name System (IETF)
DNU Digital Networking Unit
DOD Direct Outward Dialing
DoD Department of Defense
DOE Department of Energy
DOJ Department of Justice
DOV Data Over Voice
DPC Destination Point Code (SS7)
DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying
DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus (IEEE 802.6)
DRAD Digital Remote Antenna Driver
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory (RAM)
DS Digital Signal
DS Directory Synchronization
DSA Directory System Agent
DSAP Destination Service Access Point (LLC)
DSE Data Switching Equipment
DSG Data Systems Group
DSI Digital Speech Interpolation
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSMA Digital Sense Multiple Access
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DSP Display System Protocol (packet switching)
DSP Domain Specific Part
DSPU Downstream Physical Unit
DSR Data Set Ready
DSS Digital Subscriber Signaling system (ISDN, B-ISDN)
DSS Digital Switched Services
DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
DSU Data Service Unit
DSX Digital System Cross-Connect
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
DTLU Digital Terminal Line Unit
DTMF Dual Tone Multifrequency
DTR Data Terminal Ready (EIA-232-E)
DTR DTE Ready (RS-232-C)
DTS Digital Transmission Systems
DUA Directory User Agent
DVM Data over Voice Multiplexer
DVT Digital Video Terminal
DXI Data Exchange Interface (ATM, SMDS)

*****
* E *
*****

E-TDMA Extended Time-Division Multiple Access
E/O Electrical-to-Optical
EA Address field Extension (HDLC)
EARN European Academic Research Network
EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EC European Community
ECMA European Computer Manufacturer Association
ECN Explicit Congestion Notification (FR)
ECSA Exchange Carriers Standards Association
ED Ending Delimiter (LAN)
EDI Electronic Data Interchange (ANSI)
EDIFACT Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce, and Trade
(ANSI)
EDP Electronic Data Processing
EEO Extremely Elliptical Orbit
EFCI Explicit Forward Congestion Indicator (ATM)
EFM Eight-Fourteen Modulation
EFS End-of-Frame Sequence (LAN)
EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol (IETF)
EHF Extremely High Frequency
EHP Electron-Hole Pairs
EI Expansion Interface
EIR Excess Information Rate (FR)
EIA Electronics Industry Association
EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
ELAP EtherTalk Link Acces Protocol (AppleTalk)
ELF Extremely Low Frequency
EMA Enterprise Management Architecture
EMBARC Electronic Mail Broadcast to a Roaming Computer
EMG Extension Module Group
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EMS Element Management System (Network Mgmt.)
EMS Expanded Memory Specification
EN Egress Node
EN End Node
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
ENQ Enquiry
ENS Enterprise Network Services
EO End Office
EOB End of Bus (DQDB)
EOC Embedded Operations Channel (SONET)
EOD End of Dialing
EOM End of Message (DQDB, SMDS)
EOT End of Transmission (BISYNC)
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
ER Egress Router
ES Echo Suppressor
ES End-System (ISO)
ES-IS End System-Intermediate System
ESCON Enterprise System Connection (IBM)
ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface
ESF Extended Superframe Format (T-1)
ESIG European SMDS Interest Group
ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio
ESN Equipment Serial Number
ESP Enhanced Service Provider
ESS Electronic Switching System
ETB End of Text Block (BISYNC)
ETC Exchange Terminal Circuit
ETR Early Token Release (Token Ring, FDDI)
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETX End of Text (BISYNC)
EUnet European UNIX Network
EWOS European Workshop for Open Systems

*****
* F *
*****

f Frequency
FAQ Frequently Asked Questions
FAS Frame Alignment Sequence (T-1)
FAT File Allocation Table (Operating Systems)
FB Framing Bit
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FCC Forward Control Channel
FCIF Full Common Intermediate Format
FCS Frame Check Sequence (Data Link Protocols)
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface (ANSI)
FDM Frequency-Division Multiplexing
FDMA Frequency-Division Multiple Access
FDX Full-Duplex
FEC Forward Error Correction
FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (LAPF)
FEP Front End Processor (IBM)
FET Field Effect Transistor
FFS For Further Study
FG Frame Ground
FGD Feature Group D
FH Frame Handler
FIB Forward Indicator Bit (SS7)
FID Format Identification (SNA)
FIFO First In First Out
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards (mandated for RFPs effective
8/15/90)
FIRP Federal Internetworking Requirements Panel
FITL Fiber In The Loop
FM Frequency Modulation
FM Function Management
FOIRL Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link
FOTS Fiber Optic Transmission System
FQPCID Fully Qualified Procedure Correlation Identifier
FR Frame Relay
FRAD Frame Relay Access Device
FRF Frame Relay Forum
FRMR Frame Reject (HDLC)
FRP Fragmentation Protocol (VINES)
FRS Frame Relay Service
FRS Frame Relay Switch
FS Frame Status
Fs Signal Framing Bits (T-1)
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
FSN Forward Sequence Number (SS7)
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
Ft Terminal Framing Bits (T-1)
FT-1 Fractional T-1
FTAM File Transfer, Access, and Management (ISO)
FTP File Transfer Protocol (IETF)
FTTC Fiber to the Curb
FTTH Fiber to the Home
FUNI Frame User-Network Interface (ATM)

*****
* G *
*****

GE General Electric
GEO Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
GEOS Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Satellites
GFC Generic Flow Control (ATM)
GFI General Format Identifier (X.25)
GFLOPS One Billion Floating Point Operations per Second
GIO Generic Interface for Operations (SMDS)
GOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile
GPS Global Positioning System
GRIN Graded-Index Fiber
GSA General Services Administration
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
GSS Group Switching Subsystem
GUI Graphical User Interface

*****
* H *
*****

HCM High Capacity Multiplexing
HCS Header Check Sequence
HCSPR Hundred Call Seconds Per Hour
HCV High Capacity Voice
HDB3 High Density, Bipolar 3
HDLC High-level Data Link Control (ISO)
HDSL High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
HDT Host Digital Terminal
HDTM Half-Duplex Transmission Module (X.25)
HDTV High Definition Television
HDX Half-Duplex
HE Header Extension (DQDB, SMDS)
HEC Header Error Control (ATM)
HEL Header Extension Length (DQDB, SMDS)
HeNe Helium-Neon
Hex Hexadecimal
HF High Frequency
HFC Hybrid Fiber/Coax
HFS Hierarchical File Storage
HIBCC Health Industry Business Communications Council
HILI Higher Layers and Internetworking (IEEE 802)
HLL High Level Language
HLM Heterogeneous LAN Manager
HLPI Higher Layer Protocol Identifier (DQDB, SMDS)
HLR Home Location Register
HMA High Memory Area
HMW High Molecular Weight
HNPA Home Numbering Plan Area
HOB Head of Bus (DQDB)
HOSTID Host Identifier
HP/UX HP's Version of UNIX Operating System
HPAD Host Packet Assembler/Disassembler (BPAD)
HPC High Performance Computing
HPFS High Performance File System
HPR High Performance Routing
HQ Headquarters
HS High Speed
HSLAN High Speed LAN
HSC Hierarchical Storage Controller
HSSI High-Speed Serial Interface (ANSI)
HT Holding Time
HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol (IETF)
HTU HDSL Transmission Unit

*****
* I *
*****

I Intrapictures (MPEG)
I/G Individual/Group (MAC)
I/O Input/Output
IA5 International Alphabet #5 (ITU-T)
IAB Internet Architecture Board (formerly Activities)
IACS Integrated Access and Crossconnect System
IAM Initial Address Message (SS7)
IAM Initial Address Message (SS7)
IANA Internet Address Naming Authority
IC Integrated Circuit
ICB Individual Case Basis
ICCB Internet Control and Configuration Board
ICI Inter-carrier Interface (SMDS)
ICI Interexchange Carrier Interface (Bellcore)
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (IETF)
ICP Internet Control Protocol
IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
IDE Intelligent Drive Electronics
IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame
IDI Initial Domain Identifier (ISO)
IDN Integrated Digital Network
IDNX Integrated Digital Network Exchange
IDP Internet Datagram Protocol
IDS Information Display System (BISYNC)
IE Information Element (ISDN/B-ISDN DSS)
IEC Interexchange Carrier
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IFC Installed First Cost
IFRB International Frequency Registration Board
IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Specification
IGOSS Industry/Government Open Systems Specification
IGP Interior Gateway Protocol (IETF)
IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (Cisco)
IHL Internet Header Length (IP)
ILD Injection Laser Diode
IMP Interface Message Processor (ARPANET)
IMTS Improved Mobile Telephone Service
IMUX Intelligent Multiplexer
IN Ingress Node
IN Intelligent Network (AIN)
InARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (IETF)
INL Internodal Link
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organization
INP Internet Nodal Processor
InterNIC Internet Network Information Center
IOP Input/Output Processor
IP Intelligent Peripheral (AIN)
IP Internet Protocol (IETF)
IPC Interprocess Communication
IPS Instructions per Second
IPX Internet Packet Exchange (NetWare)
IR Infrared
IR Ingress Router
IR Instruction Register
IRA Individual Retirement Account
IRDS Information Resource Dictionary System
IRM Inherited Rights Mask
IRP Individual Routing Processor
IRQ Interrupt Request
IRSG Internet Research Steering Group
IRTF Internet Research Task Force
IS Information Systems
IS Interim Standard (ISO)
IS Intermediate System (ISO)
IS-IS Intermediate System-Intermediate System (ISO)
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISAM Index Sequential Access Method
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISI USC Information Sciences Institute
ISLAN Integrated Services LAN (IEEE 802.9)
ISLU ISDN Line Unit (AT&T 5ESS)
ISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical
ISN Information Systems Network
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISP Internet Service Provider
ISR Intermediate Session Routing
ISSI Interswitching System Interface (SMDS)
ISSIP Interswitching System Interface Protocol
ISUP ISDN User Part (SS7)
ISV Independent Software Vendor
IT Information Technology
IT Information Type
ITAC-T International Telecommunications Advisory
Committee-Telecommunications
ITB Intermediate Text Block (BISYNC)
ITN Independent Telecommunication Network
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITU-D International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Development
Sector (formerly BDT)
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union-Radio Communication Sector
(formerly CCIR and IFRB)
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (formerly CCITT)
IVD Internal Vapor Deposition
IVDM Integrated Voice Data Multiplexer
IVR Interactive Voice Response
IVS Interactive Video Services
IWF Interworking Connection
IWU Interworking Unit (B-ISDN)

*****
* J *
*****

JIT Just in Time
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group (ISO)
JvNCnet John von Neumann Computer Center Network
JTM Job Transfer and Management
JUNET Japan UNIX Network

*****
* K *
*****

K/D Keyboard/Display

*****
* L *
*****

LADS Local Area Data Service
LAN Local Area Network
LAP Link Access Procedure (X.25)
LAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced (X.25)
LAPD Link Access Procedure for the D-channel (ISDN)
LAPF Link Access Procedure to Frame Mode Bearer Services (FR, ISDN)
LAPF-Core Core Aspects of the Link Access Procedure to Frame Mode Bearer
Services (FR, ISDN)
LAPM Link Access Procedure for Modems (V.42)
LAPX Link Access Procedure half-duplex (X.32)
LASS Local Area Signaling Services
LAT Local Area Transport (DEC)
LATA Local Access and Transport Area
LAVC Local Area VAX Cluster (DEC)
LBT Listen Before Talk
LC Logical Channel
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LCGN Logical Channel Group Number (X.25)
LCM Line Concentrator Module
LCN Logical Channel Number (X.25)
LD Laser Diode
LD Local Directory
LDDI Local Distributed Data Interface (ANSI)
LE Local Exchange (ISDN)
LE/PH Local Exchange/Packet Handler (ISDN)
LEC Local Exchange Carrier
LED Light Emitting Diode
LEN Length
LEN Low Entry Networking
LEO Low Earth Orbit
LEOS Low Earth Orbit Satellites
LF Largest Frame
LF Low Frequency
LFSID Local Form Session Identifier
LGC Line Group Controller
LH Link Header
LI Length Indicator
LIDB Line Information Database (ISDN)
LIFO Last In First Out
LIPX Large Internet Packet Exchange (NetWare)
LLAP LocalTalk Link Access Protocol (Apple)
LLC Logical Link Control (IEEE 802.2)
LLI Logical Link Identifier
LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution System
LMI Local Management Interface
LOH Line Overhead (SONET)
LOP Line of Position
LOS Line of Sight
LP Link Printer
LPC Linear Predictive Coding
LPDA2 Link Problem Determination Aid 2 (IBM)
LPP Lightweight Presentation Protocol
LPP Link Peripheral Processor
LPVS Link Packetized Voice Subsystem
LRC Longitudinal Redundancy Check (BISYNC)
LS Link State
LSB Least Significant Bit
LSI Large Scale Integration
LSL Link Support Layer
LT Link Trailer
LTE Line Terminating Equipment (SONET)
LTG Line Trunk Groups
LU Line Unit
LU Logical Unit (SNA)

*****
* M *
*****

M2M Manager-to-Manager
MAC Media Access Control (IEEE 802)
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MAP Maintenance Administration Panel
MAP Management Application Protocol
MAP Manufacturing Automation Protocol (GM)
MAR Memory Address Register
MAU Medium Attachment Unit (Ethernet)
MAU Multistation Access Unit (Token Ring)
MB Message Buffer
MCA MicroChannel Architecture (IBM)
MCI Microwave Communications, Inc.
MCR Minimum Cell Rate (ATM)
MDB Management Database
MDBS Mobile Database Station
MDF Main Distribution Frame
MDI Medium-Dependent Interface
MDR Memory Data Register
MDS Multipoint Distribution Services
MED Modem Equivalent Device
MEO Medium Earth Orbit
MEOS Medium Earth Orbit Satellites
M-ES Mobile End System
MF Media Filter
MF Medium Frequency
MF More Fragments (IP)
MF Multifrequency
MFJ Modified Final Judgement
MFLOPS Millions of Floating point Operations Per Second
MFS Metropolitan Fiber Systems
MHS Message Handling System (X.400)
MIB Management Information Base (Network Mgmt.)
MIC Medium Interface Connector (FDDI)
MID Message Identifier (ATM, SMDS)
MID Multiplexing Identifier (ATM)
MIMD Multiple Instruction stream, Multiple Data stream
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (IETF)
MIN Mobile ID number
MIPS Millions of Instructions Per Second
MIS Management Information Systems
MIT Massachusettes Institute of Technology
MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan)
MLC Multilink Control Field (X.25)
MLID Multiple Link Interface Driver
MLM Multi-Longitudinal Mode
MLP Multilink Protocol (X.25)
MLS Multiple Listing Service
MMDS Multichannel, Multipoint Distribution System
MMF Multimode Fiber
MMS Manufacturing Message Specification
MMU Memory Management Unit
MNPVC Multinetwork PVC (FR NNI)
M/N/T Main/Satellite/Tributary Network
MOP Maintenance Operations Protocol
MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group (ISO)
MPR Multiprotocol Router
MPTN Multiprotocol Transport Network
MPX Multiprocessor Extension
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MS Message Store
MSB Most Significant Bit
MSC Mobile Switching Center
MSG Message
MSO Mobile Switching Office
MSO Multiple Systems Operator
MSP Marketing and Sales Productivity
MSS Maximum Segment Size (TCP)
MSS Mobile Satellite Systems
MST Multislotted Token
MSVC Meta-Signaling Virtual Channel
MTA Major Trading Area
MTA Message Transfer Agent
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTP Message Transfer Part (SS7)
MTS Message Transfer System
MTTR Mean Time to Repair
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit (TCP)
MVS Multiple Virtual Storage

*****
* N *
*****

N(R) Receive Sequence Number of Frame (HDLC)
N(S) Send Sequence Number of Frame (HLDC)
N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone System
N-ISDN Narrowband Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
NA Numerical Aperture
NABER National Association of Business and Educational Radio
NAC Null Attachment Concentrator (FDDI)
NAK Negative Acknowledgement (BISYNC, DDCMP)
NANP North American Numbering Plan
NAP Network Access Point (Internet)
NAS Network Application Support
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations
NATA North American Telecommunications Association
NAU Network Accessible Unit (SNA)
NBP Name Binding Protocol (NetWare)
NBS National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)
NC Number of unallocated channels at node
NCCF Network Communication Control Facility
NCP NetWare Core Protocol (NetWare)
NCP Network Control Program (SNA)
NCP Network Control Protocol
NCS Network Computing System
NCTA National Cable Television Association
NCTE Network Channel Terminating Equipment
NDIS Network Driver Interface Specifications (Microsoft & 3Com)
NDS Netware Directory Services
NE Network Element
NEARnet New England Academic and Research Network
NEAT Network Expert Advisory Tool (Harris Corp.)
NED NetView - DECnet Interface Option
NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface (IBM)
NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
NETID Network Identifier
NetRPC Network Remote Procedure Call (Sun)
NFS Network File System (Sun)
NI Network Interface
NIC Network Interface Card (LAN)
NICE Network Information and Control Exchange
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly NBS)
NIU Network Interface Unit (T-carrier)
NIUF North American ISDN Users Forum
NL Network Layer
NL Number of unallocated channels on link
NLDM Network Logical Data Manager
NLM NetWare Loadable Module
NLPID Network Layer Protocol Identifier
NLSP NetWare Link Services Protocol
NM Network Management
NM Network Module
NMC Network Management Center
NMP Network Management Protocol
NMS Network Management Systems
NMVT Network Management Vector Transport protocol
NN Network Node
NNI Network Node Interface (ATM)
NNI Network-to-Network Interface (FR)
NOC Network Operations Center
NOCC Network Operations Control Center
NOS Network Operating System
NPA Numbering Plan Area
NPDA Network Problem Determination Application
NPDU Network Layer Protocol Data Unit
NPI Numbering Plan Identification
NPSI NCP Packet Switching Interface (SNA)
NRC Non-Recurring Charges
NREN National Research and Education Network
NRZ Non-Return to Zero
NRZI Non-Return to Zero Inverted
NS/DOS Networking Services/DOS
NSA National Security Agency
NSA National Security Association
NSAP Network Service Access Point (ISO)
NSF National Science Foundation
NSFnet National Science Foundation Network
NSP Network Service Protocol
NT Network Termination (ISDN)
NT New Technology
NT Node Type
NTAS New Technology Advanced Server (Microsoft)
NTO Network Terminal Option
NTSC National Television System Committee
NTT Nippon Telephone and Telegraph
NUI Network User Identification (X.25)
NVE Network-Visible Entities
NVOD Near Video On Demand
NVRAM Nonvolatile Random Access Memory (RAM)
NWDA National Wholesale Drug Association (pioneering EDI standards for
pharmacists & suppliers)

*****
* O *
*****

O/E Optical-to-Electrical
OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
OAM&P Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning
OC Optical Carrier (SONET)
OCC Other Common Carriers
OCCA Open, Cooperative Computing Architecture
ODA Open Document Architecture
ODI Open Data-link Interface (Novell)
ODIF Open Document Interchange Format
OEM Original Equipment Manafacturer
OID Object Identifier
OLC Optical Loop Carrier
OLTP OnLine Transaction Processing
OMAP Operations, Maintenance, and Administration Part (SS7)
ONA Open Network Architecture
ONC Open Network Computing
ONMS Open Network Management System
ONU Optical Network Unit
OOP Object-Oriented Programming
OOPS Object-Oriented Programming System
OPC Origination Point Code (SS7)
ORM Optically Remote switching Module
OS Operating System
OSF Open Software Foundation
OSI Open Systems Interconnection (ISO, ITU-T)
OSIRM Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (ISO, ITU-T)
OSI/CS OSI/Communications Subsystem
OSI/FS OSI File Services
OSI/NMF OSI Network Management Forum
OSINET OSI Network
OSO Originating Screening Office
OSPF Open Shortest Path First (IETF)
OSS Operation Support Systems
OTF Open Token Foundation
OU Organizational Unit
OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier (SNAP)
OVD Outside Vapor Deposition
OVw OpenView Windows

*****
* P *
*****

P Predicted Pictures (MPEG)
P(R) Receive Sequence Number of packet (PLP)
P(S) Send Sequence Number of packet (PLP)
P.O. Purchase Order
P/F Poll/Final (HDLC)
PA Preamble (LAN)
PACS Personal Access Communications System
PAD Packet Assembler/Disassembler (X.25)
PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation
PANS Pretty Amazing New Stuff (B-ISDN)
PAP Printer Access Protocol
PAP Process/Application Protocol
PAR Positive Acknowledgement with Retransmission
PARC Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
PBX Private Branch Exchange
PC Program Counter
PCB Process Control Block
PCI Peripheral Components Interface
PCIO Program Controlled I/O
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PCN Personal Communications Network
PCNE Protocol Converter for Non-SNA Equipment
PCR Peak Cell Rate (ATM)
PCS Personal Communications Services
PCU Premises Control Unit
PD Propagation Delay
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PDM Physical Medium Dependent (FDDI)
PDN Public Data Network
PDS Premises Distribution System
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PEL Picture Element
PEP Partitioned Emulation Program
PF Polycenter Framework
PH Packet Handler (ISDN)
Pho Photonic
PHY Physical Layer
PIC Polyolefin Insulated Cable
PIC Programmable Interrupt Controller
PID Protocol Identifier (SNAP)
PIDX Petroleum Industry Data Exchange
PIN Positive Intrinsic Negative
PIU Path Information Units (SNA)
PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (DQDB)
PLP Packet Layer Protocol (X.25)
PLU Primary Logical Unit
PM Peripheral Modules
PM Phase Modulation
PM Physical Medium
PMA Physical Medium Attachment
PMD Physical Medium Dependent (FDDI)
POD Programmable Option Devices
POH Path Overhead (SONET)
POP Point of Presence
POS Point of Sale
POSI Promotion of OSI
POSIT Profiles for Open Systems Interworking Technologies
POSIX Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX
POST Power-On Self Test
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PP Payload Pointer
PPDU Presentation Protocol Data Unit
ppm Pulses per Minute
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol (IETF)
PPS Packets Per Second
pps pulse per second
PRC Primary Reference Clock
PRI Primary Rate Interface (ISDN)
PROFS Professional Office System
PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
PRSIG Pacific Rim SMDS Interest Group
PSB Public Service Board
PSC Public Service Commission
PSDN Packet Switched Data Network
PSI Packet Switching Interface (DNA)
PSK Phase Shift Keying
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PSW Program Status Word
PTE Path Terminating Equipment (SONET)
PTI Packet Type Identifier (X.25)
PTI Payload Type Identifier (ATM)
PTM Packet Transport Mode
PTN Public Telephone Network
PTT Post, Telephone, and Telegraph
PU Physical Unit (SNA)
PUC Public Utility Commission
PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit
PVN Private Virtual Network

*****
* Q *
*****

Q-bit Qualified data bit (X.25)
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QASPR QUALCOMM Automatic Satellite Position Reporting
QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format
QLLC Qualified Logical Link Control (SNA)
QOS Quality of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQDB)
QPSX Queued Packet Synchronous Exchange

*****
* R *
*****

R R reference point (ISDN)
R Router
R&D Research & Development
RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
RAM Random Access Memory
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (IETF)
RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company
RC Receiver Signal Element Timing (EIA-232-E)
RCC Reverse Control Channel
RCE Remote Channel Extenders
RCF Routing Control Field
RCVR Receiver Sequence Number
RD Received Data (EIA-232-E)
RD Request Disconnect (HDLC)
RDF Route Designator Field
RDSS Radio Determination Satellite Service
RDTD Restricted Differential Time Delay
REJ Reject (HDLC)
REM Ring Error Monitor
REP Repeat
RESP Response
RET Returning
RF Radio Frequency
RFC Request For Comments (IETF)
RFH Remote Frame Handler (ISDN)
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RFP Request For Proposal
RG Research Group
RG Ring Ground
RH Request/Response Header
RHC Regional Holding Company
RI Ring In (Token Ring MAU)
RI Ring Indicator (EIA-232-E)
RIF Routing Information Field (Source Routing)
RII Routing Information Indicator (Source Routing)
RIM Request Initializaiton Mode (HDLC)
RIP Routing Information Protocol (IETF)
RIPE Réseau IP Européen
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RJE Remote Job Entry
RLSD Received Line Signal Detect (EIA-232-E)
RMDR Remainder
RMON Remote Network Monitoring
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
RNR Receiver Not Ready (HDLC)
RO Ring Out (Token Ring MAU)
ROM Read-Only Memory
ROMP Remote Operations Microprocessor
ROR Rate of Return
ROSE Remote Operation Service Element (Application Layer)
RPC Remote Procedure Call
RPOA Recognized Private Operating Agency
RPS Ring Parameter Server
RR Receiver Ready (HDLC)
RRQ Return Request
RSA Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (encryption)
RSCS Remote Time Spooling Communications Subsystem
RSCV Route Selection Control Vector
RSM Remote Switching Module (telephony)
RSS Remote Switch Subsystem
Rsvd Reserved
RSX Real-Time Resource Sharing Executive
RT Remote Terminal
RT Rotation Time
RT Routing Type
RTMP Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (AppleTalk)
RTP Routing Update Protocol (VINES)
RTS Request To Send (EIA-232-E)
RTSE Remote Transfer Service Element (Application Layer)
RU Request/Response Unit
RVI Reverse Interrupt (BISYNC)
RW Receiver Window

*****
* S *
*****

S S reference point (ISDN)
S-MIC STP Medium Interface Connector (Token Ring MAU)
S/DMS SONET/Digital Multiplex System
S/N Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SA Source Address
SA Subarea
SAA Systems Application Architecture (IBM)
SAAL Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer (ATM)
SABM Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode (HDLC)
SABME Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended (HDLC)
SAC Single Attachment Concentrator (FDDI)
SAP Service Access Point (generic)
SAP Service Advertising Protocol (NetWare)
SAPI Service Access Point Identifier (LAPD)
SAR Segmentation and Reassembly (ATM)
SARM Set Asynchronous Response Mode (HDLC)
SAS Single Attachment Station (FDDI)
SASE Specific Applications Service Element (subset of CASE, Application
Layer)
SB Signal Battery
SBI Synchronous Backplane Interface
SCA System Communication Architecture
SCAI Switch-to-Computer Applications Interface
SCCP Signaling Connection Control Point (SS7)
SCO Santa Cruz Operation
SCP Service Control Point (SS7)
SCP Session Control Protocol
SCR Sustained Cell Rate (ATM)
SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface
SCTE Serial Clock Transmit External (EIA-232-E)
SD Starting Delimiter (LAN)
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (ITU-T)
SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (IBM)
SDM Space-Division Multiplexing
SDS Scientific Data Systems
SDSU SMDS Data Service Unit
SDU Service Data Unit
SE Status Enquiry (FR)
Sec Section
SECAM Sequential Color with Memory
Seq# Sequence Number
SF Single Frequency
SF Status Field
SF Superframe Format (T-1)
SFS Start of Frame Sequence (LAN)
SG Signal Ground
SG Study Group (ITU-T)
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
SGMP Simple Gateway Management Protocol (IETF)
SHARP Self-Healing Alternate Route Protection
SHF Super High Frequency
SHNS Self-Healing Network Service
SID System ID number
SIF Signaling Information Field
SIG SMDS Interest Group
SIG Special Interest Group
SILS Standard for Interoperable LAN Security (IEEE 802.10)
SIM Set Initialization Mode (HDLC)
SIMD Single Instruction stream, Multiple Data stream
SIO Scientific and Industrial Organizations (ITU-T)
SIO Service Information Octet
SIP SMDS Interface Protocol
SIR Sustained Information Rate (SMDS)
SITA Society of International Aeronautical Telecommunications
SJF Shortest Job First
SLC Subscriber Loop Carrier
SLEE Service Logic Execution Environment
SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol (IETF)
SLM Single Longitudinal Mode
SLP Single-Link Procedures (X.25)
SLU Secondary Logical Unit
SM Switching Module (AT&T 5ESS)
SMAP System Management Application Part
SMB Server Message Block
SMDS Switched Multimegabit Data Service (Bellcore)
SMF Single-Mode Fiber
SMP Simple Management Protocol
SMP Switching Module Processor
SMP Symmetric Multiprocessing
SMR Specialized Mobile Radio
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (IETF)
SN Sequence Number (ATM, DQDB, SMDS)
SN Switching Network
SNA Systems Network Architecture (IBM)
SNADS SNA Distributed Services
SNAP Subnetwork Access Protocol (IEEE 802)
SNDR Sender
SNI Subscriber Network Interface (SMDS)
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (IETF)
SNMPv2 Simple Network Management Protocol version 2 (IETF)
SNP Sequence Number Protection
SNRM Set Normal Response Mode (HDLC)
SNRME Set Normal Response Mode Extended (HDLC)
SOH Section Overhead (SONET)
SOH Start of Header (BISYNC)
SONET Synchronous Optical Network (BISYNC)
SP Signaling Point (ANSI)
SPA Specific Poll Address (SS7)
SPAG Standards Promotion and Application Group (BISYNC)
SPAN Space Physics Analysis Network
SPARC Scalable Performance Architecture
SPCL Spectrum Cellular
SPDU Session Protocol Data Unit
SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope (SONET)
SPF Shortest Path First
SPID Service Profile Identifier (ISDN)
SPM Space Switch Module
SPP Sequenced Packet Protocol (NetWare)
SPTN Single Protocol Transport Network
SPX Sequenced Packet Exchange (NetWare)
SQ Signal Quality Detector (EIA-232-E)
SQL Structured Query Language
SR Source Routing (IBM)
SR-TB Source Routing-Transparent Bridging (IEEE)
SRAM Static Random Access Memory (RAM)
SRD Secondary Received Data (EIA-232-E)
SREJ Selective Reject (HDLC)
SRF Specifically Routed Frames (Token Ring SR)
SRI SIP Relay Interface (SMDS)
SRT Source Routing Transparent
SS Spread Spectrum
SS Switching System (SMDS)
SS6 Signaling System 6
SS7 Signaling System 7
SSA Station Select Address (BISYNC)
SSAP Session Service Access Point (LLC)
SSB Single Sideband
SSBSC Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier
SSCP System Services Control Point
SSM Single Segment Message (DQDB, SMDS)
SSP Service Switching Point (SS7)
SSP Siemens Switching Processor
SSS Subscriber Switching Subsystem
SST Synchronous Service Transport
ST Segment Type (DQDB, SMDS)
ST Signaling Terminal
STA Spanning Tree Algorithm (LAN)
STACK Start Acknowledgement
STD Secondary Transmitted Data (EIA-232)
STDM Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing
STE Section Terminating Equipment (SONET)
STE Signaling Terminal (V.75)
STE Signaling Terminal Equipment
STE Spanning-Tree Explorer (LAN)
STM Synchronous Transfer Mode
STM Synchronous Transport Module (SDH)
STP Service Traffic Position
STP Shielded Twisted Pair (Physical Layer)
STP Signal Transfer Point (SS7)
STP Spanning Tree Protocol (Data Link, Bridges)
STS Synchronous Transport Signal (SONET)
STX Start of Text (BISYNC)
SVC Signaling Virtual Channel (ATM)
SVC Switched Virtual Circuit (Packet Switching)
SVI Subvector Identifier
SVV Subvector Value
SXS Step-by-Step (Switching)
SYN Synchronization
SYNTRAN Synchronous Transmission

*****
* T *
*****

T T reference point (ISDN)
T Tip
TA Terminal Adapter (ISDN)
TAG Technical Advisory Group (IEEE 802)
TAM Timer Active Monitor
TASI Time Assigned Speech Interpolation
TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Transmitter/Receiver Interface (Physical
Layer)
TB Transparent Bridging
TC Transmission Control
TC Transmitted Signal Element Timing (DCE Source, EIA-232)
TC Transport Connection
Tc Committed Rate Measurement Interval (FR)
TCAM Telecommunications Access Method (SNA)
TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part (SS7)
TCIF Telecommunications Industry Forum
TCM Time Compression Multiplexing
TCM Trellis Coding Modulation
TCN Topology Change Notification
TCP Transmission Control Protocol (IETF)
TCU Telecommunications Control Unit (SNA)
TCU Trunk Coupling Unit
TD Transmitted Data (EIA-232-E)
TDCC Transportation Data Coordination Committee
TDD Time-Division Duplexing
TDM Time-Division Multiplexing
TDMA Time-Division Multiple Access
TDR Time Domain Reflectometer
TDX Time Delay to X
TDY TIme Delay to Y
TE Terminal Equipment (ISDN)
TE1 Terminal Equipment type 1 (ISDN capable)
TE2 Terminal Equipment type 2 (non-ISDN)
TEI Terminal Endpoint Identifier (LAPD)
TH Transmission Header
THT Token Holding Timer (FDDI, Token Ring)
TIA Telecommunications Industry Association
TL1 Transaction Language-1
TLAP TokenTalk Link Access Protocol (Apple)
TLB Translation Lookaside Buffer
TLH Transport Layer Header
TLP Transmission Level Point
TLS Transparent LAN Service
TM Terminal Multiplexer
TMS Time-Multiplexed Switch
TMS Transport Management System
TN Transit Node
TOA Type of Address (X.25)
TOH Transport Overhead (SONET)
TOP Technical and Office Protocol (Boeing)
TOPS Traffic Operator Position System
TOS Type of Service (IP)
TP Transaction Processing
TP Transport Protocol (ISO)
TP Twisted Pair
TP-PMD Twisted Pair Physical Medium Dependent (FDDI)
TPAD Terminal Packet Assembler/Disassembler (BISYNC-BPAD)
TPAU Twisted Pair Attachment Unit
TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit
TR Token Ring
TRA Traffic Routing Administration
TRSS Token Ring Subsystem
TRT Token Rotation Timer (FDDI, Token Ring)
TSAP Transport Service Access Point
TSAT T-1 rate Small Aperture Terminal
TSI Time Slot Interchange
TSM Time Switch Module
TSM Timer Standby Monitor
TSO Terminating Screening Office
TSR Terminate and Stay Resident
TSS Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
TSS Trunk and Signaling Subsystem
TSSI Time Slot Sequence Integrity
TST Time-Space-Time (Switching Process)
TSTS Time-Space-Time-Space
TTD Temporary Text Delay (BISYNC)
TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic
TTP Timed Token Protocol (FDDI)
TTRT Target Token-Rotation Time (FDDI)
TU Trunk Unit
TUP Telephone User Part (SS7)
TW Transmitter Window
TWA Two-Way Alternate (HDLC)
TWS Two-Way Simultaneous (HDLC)

*****
* U *
*****

U U reference point (ISDN)
U-MIC UTP Medium Interface Connector (Token Ring MAU)
U/L Universal/Local (MAC)
UA Unbalanced Asynchronous (HDLC)
UA Unnumbered Acknowledgement (HDLC)
UA User Agent
UAN User Access Node
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
UBR Unspecified Bit Rate (ATM)
UCA Utility Communications Architecture
UCS Universal Communications Standards
UDI Unrestricted Digital Information (ISDN)
UDP User Datagram Protocol (IETF)
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UI Unnumbered Information (HDLC)
UISG Utility Industry Standards Group
ULTRIX DEC's version of UNIX
UMB Upper Memory Block
UN Unbalanced Normal
UNI User-Network Interface (ATM, FR)
UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture
UP Unumbered Poll
UPT Universal Personal Telecommunications
URL Uniform Resource Locator
USAA United Services Automobile Association
USART Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
USAT Ultra Small Aperture Terminal
UTAM Unlicensed PCS Ad Hoc Committee for 2-GHz Microwave
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair (Physical Layer)
UUCP UNIX-UNIX Copy

*****
* V *
*****

VAN Value-Added Network
VAP Value-Added Process
VAX Virtual Address Extension (DEC)
VAXen Two or more VAXes
VBNS Very High-speed Backbone Network Service
VBR Variable Bit Rate (ATM)
VBR-NRT Variable Bit Rate-Non-Real-Time (ATM)
VBR-RT Variable Bit Rate-Real-Time (ATM)
VC Virtual Channel (ATM)
VC Virtual Circuit (PSN)
VC Virtual Container (SDH)
VCC Virtual Channel Connection (ATM)
VCI Virtual Channel Identifier (ATM)
VCI Virtual Circuit Identifier (ATM)
VCR Video Cassette Recorder
VCS Virtual Circuit Switch
VESP Video Enhanced Service Providers
VF Voice Frequency
VGA Video Graphics Array
VHDSL Very High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line
VHF Very High Frequency
VI Vector Identifier
VICS Voluntary Interindustry Communications Standards for EDI
VINES Virtual Networking System (Banyan)
VIP VINES Internet Protocol
VL Vector Length
VLBR Very Low Bit Rate
VLF Very Low Frequency
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration
VM Virtual Machine
VM Virtual Memory
VME Versa Module Europe
VMS Virtual Memory System (DEC)
VOD Video on Demand
VP Virtual Path
VPC Virtual Path Connection
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRC Vertical Redundancy Check
VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
VSB Vestigial Sideband
VSELP Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction
VT Virtual Terminal (ISO)
VT Virtual Tributary
VTAM Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (SNA)
VTE Virtual Terminal Environment
VTP Virtual Terminal Protocol (ISO)

*****
* W *
*****

WACK Wait Acknowledgement (BISYNC)
WACS Wireless Access Communications System
WAIS Wide Area Information Server (IETF)
WAN Wide Area Network
WARC World Administrative Radio Conference
WATS Wide Area Telecommunications Service
WB/BB Wideband/Broadband
WDM Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
WFW Windows For Workgroups (Microsoft)
WGS Workgroup Systems
WII Worldwide Information Infrastructure
WIMP Windows, Icons, Mouse, and Pull-down menus (Xerox)
WIN Wireless In-building Network
WINForum Wireless In-building Network Forum
WINS Warehouse Industry National Standards Guidelines
WWW World-Wide Web (IETF)
WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get

*****
* X *
*****

XA Exchange Access (SMDS)
XAPIA X.400 API Association
XDF Extended Distance Feature
XID Exchange Identification (HDLC)
XMP X/Open Management Protocol
XMS Extended Memory Specification
XNS Xerox Network Systems
XPG X/Open Portability Guide
XTP Express Transfer Protocol

*****
* Z *
*****

ZBTSI Zero Byte Time Slot Interchange
ZCS Zero Code Suppression
ZIP Zone Information Protocol (AppleTalk)
ZIS Zone Information Socket
ZIT Zone Information Table

* END SECTION 2 *

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3. the super pimpin huge cdma cellular glossary
with definitions, abbreviations.. everything!

×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×

1.25 mode
The mode supported by both the core and extended CDMA PCS system in
which the channel bandwidth is 1.23 MHz.

2.5 mode
The mode supported by the extended CDMA PCS system in which the channel
bandwidth is 2.46 MHz.

Abbreviated Alert
An abbreviated alert is used to remind the personal station user that
previously selected alternative routing features are still active.

AC
See Authentication Center.

Access Attempt
A sequence of one or more access probe sequences on the Access Channel
containing the same message. See also Access Probe and Access Probe
Sequence.

Access Channel
A Reverse CDMA Channel used by personal stations for communicating to
the base station. The Access Channel is used for short signaling
message exchanges such as call originations, responses to pages, and
registrations. The Access Channel is a slotted random access channel.

Access Channel Message
The information part of an access probe consisting of the message body,
length field, and CRC.

Access Channel Message Capsule
An Access Channel message plus the padding.

Access Channel Preamble
The preamble of an access probe consisting of a sequence of all-zero
frames that is sent at the 4800 bps rate.

Access Channel Request Message
An Access Channel message that is autonomously generated by the
personal station. See also Access Channel Response Message.

Access Channel Response Message
A message on the Access Channel generated to reply to a message
received from the base station.

Access Channel Slot
The assigned time interval for an access probe. An Access Channel slot
consists of an integer number of frames. The transmission of an access
probe is performed within the boundaries of an Access Channel slot.

Access Probe
One Access Channel transmission consisting of a preamble and a message.
The transmission is an integer number of frames in length and transmits
one Access Channel message. See also Access Probe Sequence and Access
Attempt.

Access Probe Sequence
A sequence of one or more access probes on the Access Channel. The same
Access Channel message is transmitted in every access probe of an
access attempt. See also Access Probe and Access Attempt.

Acknowledgment
A Layer 2 response by the personal station or the base station
confirming that a signaling message was received correctly.

ACS
See Advanced Cellular System.

Action Time
The time at which the action implied by a message should take effect.

Active Set
The set of pilots associated with the CDMA Channels containing Forward
Traffic Channels assigned to a particular personal station.

Advanced Cellular System
(ACS) A Swedish cellular system operating at 400 or 800 MHz introduced
in 1983 in Sweden, and later into Hong Kong.

Advanced Mobile Phone Service
(AMPS) The predominant cellular system in North and South America and
elsewhere (in more than 35 countries) at 800 MHz. Analog Cellular FDMA
System with 30 KHz channels.

Advanced Intelligent Network
(AIN) The means to supply service and features for network
communication.

Aging
A mechanism through which the personal station maintains in its
Neighbor Set the pilots that have been recently sent to it from the
base station and the pilots whose handoff drop timers have recently
expired.

A-key
A secret, 64-bit pattern stored in the personal station. It is used to
generate/update the personal station's Shared Secret Data. The A-key is
used in the personal station authentication process.

AMPS
See Advanced Mobile Phone Service.

AMTA
(American Mobile Telecommunications Association). The industry trade
organization representing Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR) operators.

ANSI
(American National Standards Institute). A voluntary U.S. industry
association to develop standards without undue influence from any one
company.

APC
(American Personal Communications). A corporation developing
"Telepoint" and PCS capabilities in the U.S.

Authentication
A procedure used by a base station to validate a personal station's
identity.

Authentication Center
(AC) An entity that manages the authentication information related to
the personal station.

Authentication Response
(AUTHR) An 18-bit output of the authentication algorithm. It is used,
for example, to validate personal station registrations, originations
and terminations.

Autonomous Registration
A method of registration in which the personal station registers
without an explicit command from the base station.

AWGN
Additive White Gaussian Noise.

Bad Frames
Frames classified as erasures (frame category 10) or 9600 bps frames,
primary traffic only with bit errors (frame category 9). See also Good
Frames.

Base Station
A station used for communicating with personal stations. Depending upon
the context, the term base station may refer to a cell, a sector within
a cell, a PSC, or other part of the PCS system. See also PSC.
Base Station Authentication Response
(AUTHBS). An 18-bit pattern generated by the authentication algorithm.
AUTHBS is used to confirm the validity of base station orders to update
the Shared Secret Data.

Base Station Random Variable
(RANDBS). A 32-bit random number generated by the personal station for
authenticating base station orders to update the Shared Secret Data.

BELLCORE. (Bell Communications Research). Research and development
organization owned by the seven Regional Bell Operating Companies
(RBOCs).

Blank-and-Burst
The pre-emption of an entire Traffic Channel frame's primary traffic by
signaling traffic or secondary traffic. Blank-and-burst is performed on
a frame-by-frame basis.

bps
Bits per second.

BRI
(Basic Rate Interface). An ISDN User-to-Network Interface consisting of
three full-duplex channels; two 64-Kbps B Channels and one 16-Kbps D
Channel (2B+D). The 2B+D U interface requires a single twisted pair of
wire, while the 2B+D S/T interface requires two twisted pairs of wire.

CAI
(Common Air Interface) standard radio and protocol definition which
ensures interoperability of mobile and portable radios from one vendor
with base stations to another vendor.

Call Disconnect
The process that releases the resources handling a particular call. The
disconnect process begins either when the personal station user
indicates the end of the call by generating an on-hook condition or
other call release mechanism, or when the base station initiates a
release.

Call History Parameter
(COUNT).A module-64 event counter maintained by the personal station
and Authentication Center that is used for clone detection.

Candidate Set
The set of pilots that have been received with sufficient strength by
the personal station to be successfully demodulated, but have not been
placed in the Active Set by the base station. See also Active Set,
Neighbor Set, and Remaining Set.

CCS
(Common Channel Signaling) Rather than sending call control signals
over the same trunk as the call, CCS uses an overlay packet network for
carrying signaling. Virtually all CCS today uses SS7. Old AT&T system
was CCIS6, which AT&T still uses for backup.

CDMA
See Code Division Multiple Access.

CDMA Channel
The set of channels transmitted between the base station and the
personal stations within a given CDMA frequency assignment. See also
Forward CDMA Channel and Reverse CDMA Channel.

CDMA Channel Number
An 11-bit number corresponding to the center of the CDMA frequency
assignment.

CDMA Frequency Assignment
A 1.23 MHz segment of spectrum centered on one of the 30 kHz channels
of the existing analog system.

CDMA PCS system
The entire system embraced by this proposal including personal station,
base station, personal communication switching center, etc.

CGSA
(Cellular Geographic Service Area) The region in which a single service
provider is licensed to operate. Includes all the cells covered by that
license.

Code Channel
A sub channel of a Forward CDMA Channel. A Forward CDMA Channel
contains 64 code channels. Code channel zero is assigned to the Pilot
Channel. Code channels 1 through 7 may be assigned to the either Paging
Channels or the Traffic Channels. Code channel 32 may be assigned to
either a Sync Channel or a Traffic Channel. The remaining code channels
may be assigned to Traffic Channels.

Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA) A technique for spread-spectrum multiple-access digital
communications that creates channels through the use of unique code
sequences.

Code Symbol
The output of an error-correcting encoder. Information bits are input
to the encoder and code symbols are output from the encoder. See
Convolutional Code.

CODEC
(Coder/Decoder) A device that converts (codes) an analog signal to a
digital PCM format and converts (decodes) an incoming digital PCM
signal to Analog.

Convolutional Code
A type of error-correcting code. A code symbol can be considered as the
convolution of the input data sequence with the impulse response of a
generator function. Core CDMA PCS system. The initial CDMA PCS system
supporting air interface data rates up to 14.4 kbps, a 13 kbps speech
coder, and data services greater than 9.6 kbps. The core system has a
1.23 MHz RF channel bandwidth.

CPE
(Customer Premises Equipment) In the U.S., end-user equipment that may
not be owned by the local exchange; Carrier equipment that resides on
the end user's side of the network interface boundary established by
Computer Inquiry II.

CRC
See Cyclic Redundancy Code.

CT
(Cordless Telephone) A generic term for systems evolved from the simple
residential cordless telephone.

CT1
(Cordless Telephone- first generation) First generation CT with analog
speech and FDMA.

CT2
(Cordless Telephone - second generation) Second generation CT with
digital speech and FDMA.

CT3
(Cordless Telephone - third generation) A generic name for third
generation CT, or it can refer to Ericsson's implementation of its
DCT900 cordless telephones.

CTIA
(Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association) The cellular
industry association, formed in May, 1984, to promote cellular
technology, address common concerns, provide a forum for exchange of
non-proprietary information, and provide a strong, effective voice in
Washington. Represents more than 90% of the cellular carriers.

Cyclic Redundancy Code
(CRC) A class of linear error detecting codes which generate parity
check bits by finding the remainder of a polynomial division.

C/I
(Carrier-to-Interference Ratio) The ratio of the desired signal
strength to the combined interference from all other mobiles or
portables (usually dominated by the co-channel interferers, i.e., those
using the same frequency in other cells).

Data Burst Randomizer
The function that determines which power control groups within a frame
are transmitted on the Reverse Traffic Channel when the data rate is
lower than 9600 bps. The data burst randomizer determines, for each
personal station, the pseudo random position of the transmitted power
control groups in the frame while guaranteeing that every modulation
symbol is transmitted exactly once.

dBc
The ratio (in dB) of the sideband power of a signal, measured in a
given bandwidth at a given frequency offset from the center frequency
of the same signal, to the total inband power of the signal. For CDMA,
the total inband power of the signal is measured in a 1.23 MHz
bandwidth around the center frequency of the CDMA signal.

dBm
A measure of power expressed in terms of its ratio (in dB) to one
milliwatt.

dBm/Hz
A measure of power spectral density. dBm/Hz is the power in one Hertz
of bandwidth, where power is expressed in units of dBm.

dBW
A measure of power expressed in terms of its ratio (in dB) to one Watt.
De interleaving
The process of unpermuting the symbols that were permuted by the
interleaver. De interleaving is performed on received symbols prior to
decoding.

Dim-and-Burst
A frame in which primary traffic is multiplexed with either secondary
traffic or signaling traffic.

Distance-Based Registration
An autonomous registration method in which the personal station
registers whenever it enters a cell whose distance from the cell in
which the personal station last registered exceeds a given threshold.

DTMF
See Dual-Tone Multifrequency.

Dual-Tone Multifrequency
(DTMF).Signaling by the simultaneous transmission of two tones, one
from a group of low frequencies and another from a group of high
frequencies. Each group of frequencies consists of four frequencies.

DS
(Direct Sequence). The most common "spread spectrum" technique used in
CDMA which spreads the signal bandwidth by directly modulating the
signal with a pseudo noise sequence.

EAMPS
(Expanded AMPS) Expansion of AMPS to utilize the extra 10 MHz bandwidth
allocated by the FCC.

Eb
The energy of an information bit.

Ec/I0
The ratio in (dB) between the pilot energy accumulated over one PN chip
period (Ec) to the total power spectral density in the received
bandwidth (I0).

Effective Radiated Power
(ERP)The transmitted power multiplied by the antenna gain referenced to
a half-wave dipole.

Electronic Serial Number
(ESN) A 32-bit number assigned by the personal station manufacturer,
uniquely identifying the personal station equipment.

Encoder Tail Bits
A fixed sequence of bits added to the end of a block of data to reset
the convolutional encoder to a known state.

ERP
See Effective Radiated Power.

ESMR
(Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio) Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio
services proposed recently by Fleet Call to FCC. Would provide improved
digital mobile radio and telephone service over aggregated channels in
major markets. This is seen as competition to cellular. Would also
provide Fax, Vehicle Location, and Emergency Service, as well as
dispatching and mobile phone services.

ESN
See Electronic Serial Number.

Extended CDMA PCS system
The CDMA PCS system supporting air interface data rates up to 76.8 kbps
and both RF channel bandwidths of 1.23 and 2.46 MHz.

Fade Timer
A timer kept by the personal station as a measure of Forward Traffic
Channel continuity. If the fade timer expires, the personal station
drops the call.

FDD
Frequency division duplexing.

FDMA
(Frequency Division Multiple Access) A method of allowing multiple
users to share the radio frequency spectrum by assigning each active
user an individual frequency channel.

Flash
An indication sent on an analog voice channel or CDMA Traffic Channel
indicating that the user directed the personal station to invoke
special processing.

FLMTS
(Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System) CCIR's term for
the next generation(s) of wireless access to public mobile and personal
network services. Sometimes pronounced "Flumpits" or "Flumpts". Another
term for UMTS.

Foreign NID Roamer
A personal station operating in the same system (SID) but a different
network (NID) from the one in which service was subscribed. See also
Foreign SID Roamer and Roamer.

Foreign SID Roamer
A personal station operating in a system (SID) other than the one from
which service was subscribed. See also Foreign NID Roamer and Roamer.

Forward CDMA Channel
A CDMA Channel from a base station to personal stations. The Forward
CDMA Channel contains one or more code channels that are transmitted on
a CDMA frequency assignment using a particular pilot PN offset. The
code channels are associated with the Pilot Channel, Sync Channel,
Paging Channels, and Traffic Channels. The Forward CDMA Channel always
carries a Pilot Channel and may carry up to one Sync Channel, up to
seven Paging Channels, and up to 63 Traffic Channels, as long as the
total number of channels, including the Pilot Channel, is no greater
than 64.

Forward Traffic Channel
A code channel used to transport user and signaling traffic from the
base station to the personal station.

Frame
A basic timing interval in the system. For the Access Channel, Paging
Channel, and Traffic Channel, a frame is 20 ms long. For the Sync
Channel, a frame is 26.666... ms long.

Frame Category
A classification of a received Traffic Channel frame based upon
transmission data rate, the frame contents (primary traffic, secondary
traffic, or signaling traffic), and whether there are detected errors
in the frame.

Frame Offset
A time skewing of Traffic Channel frames from System Time in integer
multiples of 1.25 ms. The maximum frame offset is 18.75 ms.

Frame Quality Indicator
The CRC check applied to 9600 bps and 4800 bps Traffic Channel frames.

Global Positioning System
(GPS) A US government satellite system that provides location and time
information to users. See Navistar GPS Space Segment/Navigation User
Interfaces ICD-GPS-200 for specifications.

Good Frames
Frames not classified as bad frames. See also Bad Frames.

GPS
See Global Positioning System.

GSM
(Global System for Mobile Communications) The pan-European Digital
Cellular Radio Standard (based on TDMA-8) in 900 MHz band.

GSO
(Geostationary Satellite Orbit) A satellite orbit 23,000 miles over the
equator with an orbit time of exactly 24 hours. Thus a satellite in a
Geostationary Satellite Orbit appears motionless to an earth station
which can receive it with a stationary antennas. One drawback is that a
two-way communication channel through a geostationary satellite incurs
a round trip, speed of light delay of over one half second.

Half Frame
A 10 ms interval on the Paging Channel. Two half frames comprise a
frame. The first half frame begins at the same time as the frame.

Handoff
The act of transferring communication with a personal station from one
base station to another.

Hard Handoff
A handoff characterized by a temporary disconnection of the Traffic
Channel. Hard handoffs occur when the personal station is transferred
between disjoint Active Sets, the CDMA frequency assignment changes,
the frame offset changes, or the personal station is directed from a
CDMA Traffic Channel to an analog voice channel. See also Soft Handoff.

Hash Function
A function used by the personal station to select one out of N
available resources. The hash function distributes the available
resources uniformly among a random sample of personal stations.

HLR.
See Home Location Register.

Home Location Register
(HLR) The location register to which an IMSI is assigned for record
purposes such as subscriber information.

Home System.
The PCS system in which the personal station subscribes for service.

H.R. 531 (House Rule 531)
The Dingell bill, passed by the House in 1991 and pending in the
Senate, to turn over 200 MHz from government allocation to new services
such as PCS.

H.R. 1407 (House Rule 1407)
A bill introduced into the House in 1991 proposing the newly available
frequencies be auctioned.

Idle Handoff
The act of transferring reception of the Paging Channel from one base
station to another, when the personal station is in the Personal
Station Idle State.

IEC
(Inter-Exchange Carrier) A long distance company such as AT&T, MCI, US
Sprint, or hundreds of smaller companies.

IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

IMASS
(Intelligence Multiple Access Spectrum Sharing) A method of utilizing
spectrum "gaps" between existing private operational fixed microwave
(OFM) systems. Avoid interference and displacement of current
licenses.Implicit Registration. A registration achieved by a successful
transmission of an origination or page response on the Access Channel.

IMSI
See International Mobile Subscriber Identity.

INMARSAT
(International Maritime Satellite Organization) The international
organization, with participation for the U.S. solely by Communications
Satellite Corp., chartered to develop and operate global maritime
facilities and services for the commercial and safety needs of U.S. and
foreign countries.

INTELSAT
(International Telecommunications Satellite Organization) The
international organization, of which the U.S. is a party, established
to develop and operate a global commercial communications satellite
system.Interleaving. The process of permuting a sequence of symbols.

International Mobile Subscriber Identity
A method to identify stations in the land mobile service.

IRAC (Interagency Radio Advisory Committee)
A government committee which advises the Commerce Secretary on the
government's spectrum needs.

IS-54 (EIA/TIA Interim Standard-54)
The North American Digital Cellular proposed standard recommended by
the CTIA. It is based on TDMA.

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
An evolution of the Integrated Digital Network providing end-to-end
digital connectivity to which users have access to a wide range of
services through a limited set of standard user-to-network interfaces.

kHz
Kilohertz (10e3 Hertz).

ksps
Kilo-symbols per second (10e3 symbols per second).

LATA
(Local Access Transport Area) Upon divestiture, the United States,
Puerto Rico, Guam and the Virgin Islands were divided into 198 areas
for the purpose of interconnectivity, known as Local Access Transport
Areas (LATA's). Population density was a primary consideration when
LATA boundaries were determined. High population areas, like the
north-east U.S. have already relatively small LATA's, while places like
Wyoming and South Dakota are contained within a single LATA. A LATA
defines the boundary within which most LEC's (the RBOC's and GTE) can
provide end-to-end multi-switch service.

Layering
A method of organization for communication protocols. A layer is
defined in terms of its communication protocol to a peer layer in
another entity and the services it offers to the next higher layer in
its own entity.

Layer 1
See Physical Layer.

Layer 2
Layer 2 provides for the correct transmission and reception of
signaling messages, including partial duplicate detection. See also
Layering and Layer 3.

Layer 3
Layer 3 provides the control of the PCS telephone system. Signaling
messages originate and terminate at layer 3. See also Layering and
Layer 2.

LEC
(Local Exchange Carrier) Local telephone company. Bell company or
independent such as Centel, GTE (Contel), Rochester Telephone, and
hundreds of others.

LEO
(Low Earth Orbit) The use of satellites much lower than geostationary
heights to keep delay low.

Link
Circuit or channel from one switch to another.

LNE
A communication path between a switch and one end user. Analog lines
are termed tip and ring and carry one telephone call. ISDN lines are
called Digital Subscriber Lines and can carry several calls.

Local Control
An optional personal station feature used to perform
manufacturer-specific functions.

Long Code
A PN sequence with period 242 -1 that is used for scrambling on the
Forward CDMA Channel and spreading on the Reverse CDMA Channel. The
long code uniquely identifies a personal station on both the Reverse
Traffic Channel and the Forward Traffic Channel. The long code provides
limited privacy. The long code also separates multiple Access Channels
on the same CDMA channel. See also Public Long Code and Private Long
Code.

Long Code Mask
A 42-bit binary number that creates the unique identity of the long
code. See also Public Long Code, Private Long Code, Public Long Code
Mask, and Private Long Code Mask.

Loop
Pair of wires connecting the subscriber to the Telephone Company
central office.

LPC (Linear Predictive Coding)
A method of speech coding which models the vocal tract of humans and
transmits model parameters and one of a pair of simple excitation
sources (a tone or noise) to re-create (predict) the next few
milliseconds of speech sound.

LSB
Least significant bit.

Maximal Length Sequence (m-Sequence)
A binary sequence of period 2n-1, n a positive integer, with no
internal periodicity. A maximal length sequence can be generated by a
tapped n-bit shift register with linear feedback.

Mcps
Megachips per second (106 chips per second).

Mean Input Power
The total received calorimetric power measured in a specified bandwidth
at the antenna connector, including all internal and external signal
and noise sources. Mean Output Power. The total transmitted
calorimetric power measured in a specified bandwidth at the antenna
connector when the transmitter is active.

Message
A data structure that conveys control information or application
information. A message consists of a length field (MSG_LENGTH), a
message body (the part conveying the information), and a CRC.

Message Body
The part of the message contained between the length field (MSG_LENGTH)
and the CRC field.

Message Capsule
A sequence of bits comprising a single message and padding. The padding
always follows the message and may be of zero length.

Message CRC
The CRC associated with a message. See also Cyclic Redundancy Check.

Message Field
A basic named element in a message. A message field may consist of zero
or more bits.

Message Record
An entry in a message consisting of one or more fields that repeats in
the message.

MHz
Megahertz (10e6 Hertz).

Modulation Symbol
The output of the data modulator before spreading. On the Reverse
Traffic Channel, 64-ray orthogonal modulation is used and six code
symbols are associated with one modulation symbol. On the Forward
Traffic Channel, each code symbol (when the data rate is 9600 bps) or
each repeated code symbol (when the data rate is less than 9600 bps) is
one modulation symbol.

ms
Millisecond.

MSB
Most significant bit.

Multiplex Option
The ability of the multiplex sub layer and lower layers to be tailored
to provide special capabilities. A multiplex option defines such
characteristics as the frame format and the rate decision rules. See
also Multiplex Sub layer.

Multiplex Sub layer
One of the conceptual layers of the system that multiplexes and
demultiplexes primary traffic, secondary traffic, and signaling
traffic.

MIPS
(Millions of Instructions per Second) A measure of the computing power
measured in terms of the number of instructions it can execute in
seconds. Its value is highly dependent, of course, on how powerful its
instructions actually are.

MIRS
(Motorola Integrated Radio System). Motorola's next generation of
trunks SMR using TDMA/6 in bandwidth of one FM channel today. Fleet
Calls plans to use in its Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR)
systems in L.A.

MSA
(Metropolitan Statistical Area) The largest (by population) U.S. 306
Cellular Market areas as defined by the FCC.

MSC
(Mobile Services Switching Center) A generic name for the main
switching center supporting multiple base stations.

MSS
(Mobile Satellite Service) A generic name for mobile services provided
using earth satellites.

MTSO
(Mobile Telephone Switching Office) A MAPS and cellular term for what
is now generically called MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center).

MU LAW
The law use in North America for converting voice to PCM.

MUX
(Multiplexer) Equipment that divides a transmission facility into two
or more channels.

NAM
See Number Assignment Module.

NAMPS
(Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Services) Motorola's narrowband AMPS
getting three 10 KHz channels in bandwidth of one 30 KHz channel, along
with improved signaling. Pronounced N-AMPS.

NANP
(North American Numbering Plan) Specifies the 10 digital telephone
address. 3-digit Area Code or Numbering Plan Area (NPA) plus 7-digit
directory number comprised of 3-digit Central Office (CO) code and
4-digit station number Neighbor Set. The set of pilots associated with
the CDMA Channels that are probable candidates for handoff. Normally,
the Neighbor Set consists of the pilots associated with CDMA Channels
that cover geographical areas near the personal station. See also
Active Set, Candidate Set, and Remaining Set.

Network
A network is a subset of a PCS system, such as an area-wide PCS
network, a private group of base stations, or a group of base stations
set up to handle a special requirement. A network can be as small or as
large as needed, as long as it is fully contained within a system. See
also System.

Network Identification
(NID) A number that uniquely identifies a network within a PCS system.
See also System Identification.

NID
See Network Identification.

Non-Autonomous Registration
A registration method in which the base station initiates registration.
See also Autonomous Registration.

Non-Slotted Mode
An operation mode of the personal station in which the personal station
continuously monitors the Paging Channel when in the Personal Station
Idle State.

NPA
(Numbering Plan Area) Commonly known as "Area Code".

ns
Nanosecond (10e-6 second).

Null
Not having any value.

Null Traffic Channel Data
One or more frames of 16 '1's followed by eight '0's sent at the 1200
bps rate. Null Traffic Channel data is sent when no service option is
active and no signaling message is being sent. Null Traffic Channel
data serves to maintain the connectivity between the personal station
and the base station.

Number Assignment Module
(NAM) A set of IMSI related parameters stored in the personal station.

Numeric Information
Numeric information consists of parameters that appear as numeric
fields in messages exchanged by the base station and the personal
station and information used to describe the operation of the personal
station.

N-TACS
(Narrowband TACS) The narrowband version of TACS from Motorola which
doubles the capacity of TACS by splitting the 25 KHz TACS channel into
two 12.5 KHz channels.

NT1
(Network Termination 1) In the U.S., a customer-owned device that
converts from external telephone company transmission format (U
interface) to internal building transmission (T interface). Concerned
only with Layer 1. Should contain loopback and maintenance capabilities
to enable problems to be isolated to the telephone network or
customer's equipment. NT1 for basic interface contains digital hybrid
circuitry. Before ISDN, this type of equipment was formerly known as
NCTE.

Optional Field
A field defined within a message structure that is optionally
transmitted to the message recipient.

Order
A type of message that contains control codes for either the personal
station or the base station.

Ordered Registration
A registration method in which the base station orders the personal
station to send registration related parameters.

OSI
(Open System Interconnection Reference Manual) International Standards
Organization (ISO) model of how data communications systems can be
interconnected. Communication is partitioned into seven functional
layers. Each layer builds on the services provided by those under it.

OSI Layer 1: Physical layer
Includes transmission of signals and the activation and deactivation of
physical connections.

OSI Layer 2: Link layer
Includes synchronization and some control over the influence of errors
within the physical layer.

OSI Layer 3: Network layer
Includes routing and switching functions.

OSI Layer 4: Transport layer
Uses Layers 1-3 to provide an end-to-end service with the required
characteristics for the higher layer functions.

OSI Layer 5: Session layer
Allows presentation entities to organize and synchronize their dialogue
and to manage their data exchange.

OSI Layer 6: Presentation layer
Includes data formatting and code conversion.

OSI Layer 7: Application layer
Provides the means by which the user programs access the OSI
environment and may contain part of these user programs.

Overlay Coding
For the Forward CDMA Channel, a method of efficiently assigning
multiple Walsh functions to a single Traffic Channel or to allow
multiple Traffic Channel to share the same Walsh function. For the
Reverse CDMA Channel, a method of supporting high data rate while
maintaining a fixed modulation symbol rate.

Overhead Message
A message sent by the base station on the Paging Channel to communicate
base-station-specific and system-wide information to personal stations.

Overload Class
The means used to control system access by personal stations, typically
in emergency or other overloaded conditions. Personal stations are
assigned one (or more) of sixteen overload classes. Access to the CDMA
system can then be controlled on a per class basis by persistence
values transmitted by the base station.

Packet
The unit of information exchanged between the service option
applications of the base station and the personal station.

Padding
A sequence of bits used to fill from the end of a message to the end of
a message capsule, typically to the end of the frame or half frame. All
bits in the padding are '0'.

Paging
The act of seeking a personal station when a call has been placed to
that personal station.

Paging Channel, CDMA
A code channel in a Forward CDMA Channel used for transmission of
control information and pages from a base station to a personal
station.

Paging Channel Slot
An 80 ms interval on the Paging Channel. Personal stations operating in
the slotted mode are assigned specific slots in which they monitor
messages from the base station.

Parameter-Change Registration
A registration method in which the personal station registers when
certain of its stored parameters change.

Parity Check Bits
Bits added to a sequence of information bits to provide error
detection, correction, or both.

PBX
(Private Branch Exchange) A customer premises telephone switch
connecting 20 or more station sets to each other, to the public
network, and possibly to a private network.

PCM
(Pulse Code Modulation) Standard technique for converting analog voice
into a digital bit stream. Eight thousand times per second the
amplitude of the analog voice is sampled and converted to an 8 bit
value, producing 64,000 bits per second. North American systems use the
MU law.

PCN
(Personal Communications Network) A generic term for a network
supporting Personal Communications Service (PCS). Also, sometimes used
to refer to the specific implementation of early PCS capabilities in
the United Kingdom.

PCS
(Personal Communication Service). A broad range of communications
services that enable communications with persons, wherever they are.
Personal Communication System) Refers to the hardware and software
providing Personal Communications capabilities.

PCSC
See Personal Communications Switching Center.

PCS System
See Personal Communications Services System.

PDN
(Public Data Network) A generic term for the collection of network
providing public data services.

Persistence
A probability measure used by the personal station to determine if it
should transmit in a given Access Channel Slot.

Personal Communication Services System
A configuration of equipment that provides PCS radiotelephone services.

Personal Communications Switching Center
(PCSC) An automatic system which constitutes the interface for user
traffic between the PCS network and other networks, or other PCSCs in
the same or different PCS networks.

Personal Station Class
Personal station classes define personal station characteristics such
as slotted operation and transmission power. Personal Station
Originated Call. A call originating from a personal station.

Personal Station Terminated Call
A call received by a personal station (not to be confused with a call
disconnect or call release).

Physical Layer
The part of the communication protocol between the personal station and
the base station that is responsible for the transmission and reception
of data. The physical layer in the transmitting station is presented a
frame by the multiplex sub layer and transforms it into an over-the-air
wave form. The physical layer in the receiving station transforms the
wave form back into a frame and presents it to the multiplex sub layer
above it.

Pilot Channel
An unmodulated, direct-sequence spread spectrum signal transmitted
continuously by each CDMA base station. The Pilot Channel allows a
personal station to acquire the timing of the Forward CDMA Channel,
provides a phase reference for coherent demodulation, and provides a
means for signal strength comparisons between base stations for
determining when to handoff.

Pilot PN Sequence
A pair of modified maximal length PN sequences with period 215 used to
spread the Forward CDMA Channel and the Reverse CDMA Channel. Different
base stations are identified by different pilot PN sequence offsets.

Pilot PN Sequence Offset Index
The PN offset in units of 64 PN chips of a pilot, relative to the zero
offset pilot PN sequence.

Pilot Strength
The ratio of received pilot energy to overall received energy. See also
Ec/I0.

PLMR
(Private Land Mobile Radio) PLMR services include SMR and most
traditional forms of radio dispatch of vehicles and personnel.

PLMR
providers must be used for business communications. Cannot resell
services for profit.

PMR
(Public Mobile Radio) Traditional two-way radio, usually push-to-talk,
but can be much more sophisticated.

PN
Pseudo noise.

PN Chip
One bit in the PN sequence.

PN Sequence
Pseudo noise sequence. A periodic binary sequence.

Pole Capacity
Loading capacity.

POP
(Point of Presence) The physical location in each Local Access
Transport Area (LATA) from which an interexchange carrier provides
services to the local exchange carrier, and possibly directly to end
users.

Power Control Bit
A bit sent in every 1.25 ms interval on the Forward Traffic Channel to
signal the personal station to increase or decrease its transmit power.

Power Control Group
A 1.25 ms interval on the Forward Traffic Channel and the Reverse
Traffic Channel. See also Power Control Bit.

Power-Down Registration
An autonomous registration method in which the personal station
registers on power down.

Power-Up Registration
An autonomous registration method in which the personal station
registers on power up.

Preamble
See Access Channel Preamble and Traffic Channel Preamble.

Primary CDMA Channel
A CDMA Channel at a preassigned frequency assignment used by the
personal station for initial acquisition. See also Secondary CDMA
Channel.

Primary Paging Channel, CDMA
The default code channel (code channel 1) assigned for paging on a CDMA
Channel.

Primary Traffic
The main traffic stream carried between the personal station and the
base station, supporting the active primary service option, on the
Traffic Channel. See also Secondary Traffic, Signaling Traffic, and
Service Option.

Private Long Code
The long code characterized by the private long code mask. See also
Long Code.

Private Long Code Mask
The long code mask used to form the private long code. See also Public
Long Code Mask and Long Code.

Public Long Code
The long code characterized by the public long code mask.
Public Long Code Mask
The long code mask used to form the public long code. The mask contains
the ESN of the personal station. See also Private Long Code Mask and
Long Code.

Punctured Code
An error-correcting code generated from another error-correcting code
by deleting (i.e., puncturing) code symbols from the coder output.

Private Line
A non-switched communications channel from one location of a customer
to another. Leased from an LEC or IEC.
Protocol
A set of rules for data communications. For example, one protocol will
enable bits to be passed between two points, while another protocol
will detect transmission errors.

PSTN
(Public Switched Telephone Network) A generic term for the collection
of networks providing public telephone switching services.

PTN
(Personal Telephone Number) A telephone number assigned to a person,
rather than to a station or network port.

Public
Can be shared by independent and even competing customers. Thus, has
Network security and privacy features. Has high availability,
reliability. Must offer billing capabilities and interexchange carrier
selection. To fit well into telco's networks, equipment must support
standard operations support systems, standard transmission equipment,
and standard network equipment.

Quick Repeats
Additional transmissions of identical copies of a message within a
short interval to increase the probability that the message is received
correctly.

RDSS
(Radiodetermination Satellite Service) The use of satellites to do
position location of the user.

Receive Objective Loudness Rating
(ROLR) A perceptually weighted transducer gain of telephone receivers
relating electrical excitation from a reference generator to sound
pressure at the earphone. The receive objective loudness rating is
normally specified in dB relative to one Pascal per millivolt. See IEEE
Standard 269-1992, IEEE Standard 661-1979, CCITT Recommendation P.76,
and CCITT Recommendation P.79.

Registration
The process by which a personal station identifies its location and
parameters to a base station.

Registration Zone
A collection of one or more base stations treated as a unit when
determining whether a personal station should perform zone-based
registration.

Release
A process that the personal station and base station use to inform each
other of call disconnect.

Remaining Set
The set of all allowable pilot offsets as determined by PILOT_INC,
excluding the pilot offsets of the pilots in the Active Set, Candidate
Set, and Neighbor Set. See also Active Set, Candidate Set, and Neighbor
Set.

Request
A layer 3 message generated by either the personal station or the base
station to retrieve information, ask for service, or command an action.

Response
A layer 3 message generated as a result of another message, typically a
request.

Reverse Analog Control Channel
(RECC) The analog control channel used from a personal station to a
base station.

Reverse Analog Voice Channel
(RVC) The analog voice channel used from a personal station to a base
station.

Reverse CDMA Channel
The CDMA Channel from the personal station to the base station. From
the base station's perspective, the Reverse CDMA Channel is the sum of
all personal station transmissions on a CDMA frequency assignment.

Reverse Traffic Channel
A Reverse CDMA Channel used to transport user and signaling traffic
from a single personal station to one or more base stations.

RMTS
The Italian Cellular System, operating at 450 MHz, introduced in 1985.
Roamer
A personal station operating in a PCS system (or network) other than
the one from which service was subscribed. See also Foreign NID Roamer
and Foreign SID Roamer.

ROLR
See Receive Objective Loudness Rating.

RSA
(Rural Service Area) The smaller U.S. cellular markets numbered 307
through 734 as defined by FCC.

SCI
Synchronized Capsule Indicator bit.

Search Window
The range of PN sequence offsets that a personal station searches for a
pilot.

Secondary CDMA Channel
A CDMA Channel at a preassigned frequency assignment used by the
personal station for initial acquisition. See also Primary CDMA
Channel.

Secondary Traffic
An additional traffic stream that can be carried between the personal
station and the base station on the Traffic Channel. See also Primary
Traffic and Signaling Traffic.

Service Option
A service capability of the system. Service options may be applications
such as voice, data, or facsimile.

Shared Secret Data
(SSD) A 128-bit pattern stored in the personal station (in
semi-permanent memory) and known by the base station. SSD is a
concatenation of two 64-bit subsets: SSD_A, which is used to support
the authentication procedures, and SSD_B, which serves as one of the
inputs to the process generating the encryption mask and private long
code.

SID
See System Identification.

Signaling Tone
A 10 kHz tone transmitted by a personal station on an analog voice
channel to: 1) confirm orders, 2) signal flash requests, and 3) signal
release requests.

Signaling Traffic
Control messages that are carried between the personal station and the
base station on the Traffic Channel. See also Primary Traffic and
Secondary Traffic.

Signaling
Communication between switches to set-up calls and tear them down. Also
includes communication between station sets and switches. Signaling has
used dial pulses, then dual tones, now digital messages.

Slot Cycle
A periodic interval at which a personal station operating in the
slotted mode monitors the Paging Channel.

Slotted Mode
An operation mode of the personal station in which the personal station
monitors only selected slots on the Paging Channel when in the Personal
Station Idle State.

Soft Handoff
A handoff occurring while the personal station is in the Personal
Station Control on the Traffic Channel State. This handoff is
characterized by commencing communications with a new base station on
the same CDMA frequency assignment before terminating communications
with the old base station. See also Hard Handoff.

SOM
Start-of-Message Bit.

SMR
(Specialized Mobile Radio) A form of private (PLMR) mobile radio
services, traditionally providing "dispatch" radio services, but
evolving now to cellular-like services.

sps
Symbols per second.

Station Class Mark
(SCM) An identification of certain characteristics of a personal
station. STP (Wire) (Shielded Twisted Pair) A pair of wires that is
twisted and shielded with metallic foil or braid to minimize
interference from other pairs, radio stations, etc.
Symbol
See Code Symbol and Modulation Symbol.

Sync Channel
Code channel 32 in the Forward CDMA Channel which transports the
synchronization message to the personal station.

Sync Channel Superframe
An 80 ms interval consisting of three Sync Channel frames (each
26.666... ms in length).

System
A system is a PCS telephone service that covers a geographic area such
as a city, metropolitan region, county, or group of counties. See also
Network.

System Identification
(SID) A number uniquely identifying a PCS system.

System Time
The time reference used by the system. System Time is synchronous to
UTC time (except for leap seconds) and uses the same time origin as GPS
time. All base stations use the same System Time (within a small
error). Personal stations use the same System Time, offset by the
propagation delay from the base station to the personal station. See
also Universal Coordinated Time.

Switch
Generic term for machines that switch telephone calls from/to
telephones and/or trunks. Includes private network machines such
as a PBX and public network central office machines such as local exchange switches,
tandem switches, toll switches, interexchange carrier switches
and gateway switches.

T Interface
ISDN Interface between station equipment and NT1. For the basic
interface, this is a 4-wire connection limited to 1 KM.

TACS
(Total Access Cellular System) The English rough equivalent of AMPS
using 25 kHz channels at 900 MHz. Used in more than 20 countries.

TDD
Time division duplexing.

TDM
(Time Division Multiplex) The usual way digital facilities are
deterministically multiplexed.

TDMA
(Time Division Multiple Access) Technique for sharing one RF channel
among several users by splitting the channel into time slots; the basic
technique for IS-54 Dual Mode Standard.

TIA
(Telecommunications Industry Association) The Telecommunications
Industry Association responsible for cellular standards in the U.S. via
the TR45 Committee. Will cooperate with T1P1 to set standards for PCS.

Time Slot
Unit of digital time division switching. Normally occurs once every 125
microseconds and contains 8 bits of user data (plus any proprietary
bits). This carries a DSO.

Tip/Ring
The negative and positive wires of an analog line. A line that is
analog, not digital.

Timer-Based Registration
A registration method in which the personal station registers whenever
a counter reaches a predetermined value. The counter is incremented an
average of once per 80 ms period.

Time Reference
A reference established by the personal station that is synchronous
with the earliest arriving multipath component used for demodulation.

TOLR
See Transmit Objective Loudness Rating.

Traffic Channel
A communication path between a personal station and a base station used
for user and signaling traffic. The term Traffic Channel implies a
Forward Traffic Channel and Reverse Traffic Channel pair. See also
Forward Traffic Channel and Reverse Traffic Channel.

Traffic Channel Preamble
A sequence of all-zero frames that is sent at the 9600 bps rate by the
personal station on the Reverse Traffic Channel. The Traffic Channel
preamble is sent during initialization of the Traffic Channel.

Transmit Objective Loudness Rating
(TOLR) A perceptually weighted transducer gain of telephone
transmitters relating sound pressure at the microphone to voltage at a
reference electrical termination. It is normally specified in dB
relative to one millivolt per Pascal. See IEEE Standard 269-1992, IEEE
Standard 661-1979, CCITT Recommendation P.76, and CCITT Recommendation
P.79.

Trunk
A communication path between two switches that carries one telephone
call. Each digital trunk occupies one DSO.

U Interface
A two-wire interface required by the FCC (not CCITT) between the Local
Exchange Carrier (LEC) and the customer's NT1. Specification completed
during 1Q87 by ANSI T1D1.3.

UNI
See User Network Interface .

Unique Challenge-Response Procedure
An exchange of information between a personal station and a base
station for the purpose of confirming the personal station's identity.
The procedure is initiated by the base station and is characterized by
the use of a challenge- specific random number (i.e., RANDU) instead of
the random variable broadcast globally (RAND).

Unique Random Variable
(RANDU) A 24-bit random number generated by the base station in support
of the Unique Challenge-Response procedure.

Universal Coordinated Time (UTC)
An internationally agreed-upon time scale maintained by the Bureau
International de l'Heure (BIH) used as the time reference by nearly all
commonly available time and frequency distribution systems i.e., WWV,
WWVH, LORAN-C, Transit, Omega, and GPS.

Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT)
The CCITT term for the network architecture and capabilities to support
PCS.

UPT
See Universal Personal Telecommunications.

User Network Interface (UNI)
Point of access by the customer to the ISDN (narrowband or broadband)
network.

UTC
Universal Temps Coordine. See Universal Coordinated Time.

Visitor Location Register (VLR)
An entity which provides a temporary register for subscriber
information for a visiting subscriber. Often a part of the MSC.

Voice Privacy
The process by which user voice transmitted over a CDMA Traffic Channel
is afforded a modest degree of protection against eavesdropping over
the air.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Uses information stored in the signaling network regarding customer
configurations and dialing plans to allow the use of public network
facilities as if they were dedicated to a specific private network.
Usually includes special billing arrangements, company specific dialing
plans and some limited end-to-end feature transparency.

VLR
See Visitor Location Register.

VPN
See Virtual Private Network.

WACS
Wireless Access Communications System.

Walsh Chip
The shortest identifiable component of a Walsh function. There are 2N
Walsh chips in one Walsh function where N is the order of the Walsh
function. On the Forward CDMA Channel, one Walsh chip equals 1/1.2288
MHz, or 813.802 ns. On the Reverse CDMA Channel, one Walsh chip equals
4/1.2288 MHz, or 3.255 µs

Walsh Function
One of 2N time orthogonal binary functions (note that the functions are
orthogonal after mapping '0' to 1 and '1' to -1).

WARC
See World Administrative Radio Conference.

World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC)
A World Conference called by the CCIR to get international
agreement on Spectrum Allocation.

Zone-Based Registration
An autonomous registration method in which the personal station
registers whenever it enters a zone that is not in the personal
station's zone list.

* END SECTION 3 *

×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×

4. news topix - for and about the scene

×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×x×

Is no news good news? not really.. there is news.. but i haven't
bothered to get it together for this issue.. however.. there is

Local News <+> 10/97

Jello Biafra, the main SysOp of Apocalypse 2000, has left for
Israel. He will be there for approximately two years and hopefully
won't get shot. Now, normally, I don't think he would get shot except
for the fact that he is enlisted into their military. As we get back
interesting stories from him and what not.. we will relay the info..
however at this time we do not have any means of communication to
reach him where he is at.. you can send him email thru pimp@dope.org
or to subhuman or fringe on the board.. we will forward it to him as
soon as we can.. and please.. make sure it's not something stupid like
"hey what's up dood?" because it's not worth our stamps. Jello will
be back in the spring for a short visit.. and we will most likely be
having a huge gathering for this event. for more information please
hit this site: http://www.dope.org/fringe/apoc.html, the apocalypse
home page. If we can get a fone number to reach him at, there will
be a teleconference set up for peoples to dialin to.

* END SECTION 4 *

**********************************
* hit our site on the web! *
* *
* http://www.dope.org/pimp **************************
* thanx to stash and his dope site for the hoox ups! *
***********************************************************

××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××
× ×
× the following boards listed hold true to the scene and if you ×
× are deep into h/p and the likes, i suggest you give them a call. ×
× some are gone and i haven't kept up with all of them.. most ×
× should be all good. ×
× ×
××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Apocalypse 2000 - H/P/Punk/Ska/Rave/home of the PIMPS!
+1-847-831-0484 - *NO* ratio. 1 gig online.
(^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ New Number)

hit the Apoc2k home page! http://www.dope.org/fringe/apoc.html

The Centre' - H/P, more than a gig online plus cd's.
luthor - the supapimp sysop
+1-207-490-2158

Poison Pen - H/P, *NO* ratio
+1-847-966-2095
(^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Yet, ANOTHER New Number)

Moo 'n' Oink - H/P
+1-847-256-5928

Microcosm - H/P turned art...
+1-904-484-5548

Underworld 96
**(514) toast**

Aneurysm - H/P - NUP: Discipline
+1-514-458-9851

Last Territory - H/P
+1-514-565-9754

Linoleum - H/P
**(704) toast**

Hacker's Haven - H/P
+1-303-343-4053

Digital Disturbance - H/P
**(516) toast**

Hacker's Hideaway - H/P
+1-416-534-0417

TOTSE - H/P and crazy other amounts of info
+1-510-935-5845

The Switchboard - H/P
**(+31) toast**

Arrested Development - H/P
**(+31) toast**

----- If you'd like to write for PIMP, you can send any and all worx
to pimp@dope.org

all worx will be looked at and considered. all credit is always
going to be given to whomever the giver is, unless you would
rather not be known. issue fourteen, toast.

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