|
AR-NEWS Digest 467
Topics covered in this issue include:
1) (US) Poultry Plants Shut During Testing
by allen schubert
2) (US) Groups Battle Over Olestra
by allen schubert
3) (US) Turner Plans To Breed Wolves
by allen schubert
4) (SG) Mac-perks for hospital
by Vadivu Govind
5) (MY) Two tiger cubs saved from brink of starvation
by Vadivu Govind
6) (MY) Animal beauty contests
by Vadivu Govind
7) (HK) Aquarium fish in hot water
by Vadivu Govind
8) Great Ape Project WWW Update
by Michael Garner
9) (US) Olestra snack chips draw more consumer complaints
by allen schubert
10) (MY) Animal beauty contests
by Vadivu Govind
11) Conflict Between Creatures
by Jean Colison
12) Dog Is Considered Personal Property: No Animal Cruelty Charges Filed
by SDURBIN@VM.TULSA.CC.OK.US
13) Hunters Prepare Their Own Ballot Initiatives
by MINKLIB@aol.com
14) All cotton wearers take notice
by shadowrunner@voyager.net
15) Sympathetic Fur Story on MSNBC's WWW Site
by Lawrence Carter-Long
16) No More Monkey Business for Health Canada
by Sean Thomas
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 13:36:44 -0400
From: allen schubert
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: (US) Poultry Plants Shut During Testing
Message-ID: <3.0.32.19970716133641.00688ee8@clark.net>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
from AP Wire page:
-----------------------------------
07/15/1997 21:37 EST
Poultry Plants Shut During Testing
By CHUCK BARTELS
Associated Press Writer
LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (AP) -- At least four Arkansas poultry plants have been
shut down this week because of dioxin in chicken feed, temporarily idling
about 2,100 workers.
Federal officials ordered producers who used the feed contaminated with
dioxin to keep the chickens from being killed while they are tested.
About 1 million birds are in limbo, said Travis Justice of the Arkansas
Farm Bureau.
Officials found unusually high levels of dioxin in two Tyson chickens
last fall and traced the dioxin to ball clay from a Mississippi mine. Two
Arkansas feed makers used the clay, which prevents feed from clumping,
and sold it to chicken growers as well as some catfish farmers and egg
producers.
Dioxin is considered a probable carcinogen at high enough levels, but the
Food and Drug Administration said the danger was in cumulative lifetime
exposure, not in eating a few chickens raised on the feed.
The chickens fed the contaminated feed may be salvageable.
``They could separate out fat where (dioxin) might be concentrated and
sell the portion below the acceptable level,'' Jacque Knight, spokeswoman
for the Department of Agriculture in Washington, said Tuesday.
At Springdale-based Tyson Foods Inc., Archie Schaffer III said the
company is still waiting to hear from USDA on what to do with the birds.
Two Tyson kill houses in Pine Bluff are closed due to the dioxin problem.
``Those chickens were fed that feed a month or more ago. You can't get
that feed out of them once they eat it,'' Schaffer said.
Two of 80 chickens tested in September were found to have three to four
parts per trillion of dioxin; the acceptable standard is less than one
part per trillion for meat.
Tyson is the world's largest poultry producer and Arkansas is the
nation's leading poultry-producing state. About 35,800 people are
employed in the poultry production in the state.
A ConAgra plant in Batesville that makes frozen dinners stopped
production on Monday but its 1,300 employees were back at work Tuesday
making non-chicken meals. The company's plant in El Dorado remained open
but idled 100 slaughter workers, said ConAgra spokeswoman Lynn Phares.
A Townsends of Arkansas plant in Batesville also closed Monday. It is
expected to reopen Wednesday.
Catfish and egg producers who used the contaminated feed were also
instructed not to ship affected products, but catfish was later exempted.
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 13:45:45 -0400
From: allen schubert
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: (US) Groups Battle Over Olestra
Message-ID: <3.0.32.19970716134542.006b4b90@clark.net>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
follow-up on earlier olestra posting
from AP Wire page:
--------------------------------------
07/15/1997 19:04 EST
Groups Battle Over Olestra
By RICK CALLAHAN
Associated Press Writer
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) -- The food fight over the fat substitute olestra
resumed Tuesday with accusations and counter-claims being slung across
the central Indiana test market.
In dueling news conferences an hour apart, Procter & Gamble Co. and the
Center for Science in the Public Interest continued their months-long
battle over the fat substitute used in a variety of snacks.
CPSI claimed olestra snacks have left thousands of local consumers
complaining of stomach cramps, diarrhea and other unpleasant side
effects.
But P&G, which makes olestra under the brand name Olean, says the claims
are based on emotion.
``That's clearly the case of people falsely attributing their ailments to
olestra products. Just because they got sick doesn't mean it was because
of the product,'' said Dr. Greg Allgood, a senior P&G researcher.
Allgood said a recent P&G study found no difference in the rate or
severity of digestive ills between people who ate full-fat snacks and
those who consumed olestra snacks.
Olestra is a synthetic chemical made of sugar and vegetable oil that
contains molecules too large for the human body to digest. The Food and
Drug Administration required P&G to label olestra products with the
warning that they ``may cause abdominal cramping and loose stools.''
P&G is building a factory in Cincinnati, where it is based, to make
olestra. But it isn't the only company producing olestra products. Last
year, Dallas-based Frito-Lay began test-marketing olestra chips in three
Midwestern cities.
To make its case about olestra's safety, P&G enlisted former Gov. Otis
Bowen, a medical doctor and former secretary of Health and Human
Services, as a paid consultant.
Bowen said he and his wife, Carol, regularly eat olestra products without
any side effects.
``I have no question that the people who've complained were sick, but I
question that they are putting the right cause to it,'' said Bowen, who
served as governor from 1973-81 and in the second-term cabinet of the
Reagan administration.
CSPI, best known for attacking the fat in movie theater popcorn and
Chinese food, says olestra is dangerous, acts as a laxative and robs the
body of nutrients.
For its part, the group tapped Rep. Julia Carson, D-Ind., who has asked
the FDA to appoint a new, independent commission to review the safety of
olestra. Carson wants more prominent warning labels on olestra products.
``My position is that if it makes one person sick, we need to take a hard
look at what this is doing on the market in the first place,'' Carson
said from her Capitol Hill office.
CSPI says a telephone survey of 543 Indianapolis adults found that about
a third had tried Fat-Free Pringles, P&G's olestra-containing chips.
About 7 percent of those reported digestive ailments after eating the
chips.
Based on that survey, CSPI estimates that 18,000 to 54,000 Indianapolis
area residents have experienced symptoms after eating olestra products.
``Business people have had to leave work, some children couldn't go to
school, some people defecated in their clothing,'' said Michael Jacobson,
CSPI's executive director.
Still, Jacobson admits that short of a scientific study, it's impossible
to link any particular digestive ailment to olestra products.
Nancy Sixsmith, a Noblesville resident who spoke at CSPI's news
conference, says she has no doubt that the Fat-Free Pringles she ate
caused a bout of diarrhea she suffered while driving home from work.
``I can tell you I'll never eat them again,'' she said.
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 13:54:16 -0400
From: allen schubert
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: (US) Turner Plans To Breed Wolves
Message-ID: <3.0.32.19970716135414.006bbb30@clark.net>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
from AP Wire page:
-----------------------------------------
07/15/1997 13:48 EST
Turner Plans To Breed Wolves
TRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES, N.M. (AP) -- Ted Turner plans to breed endangered
Mexican gray wolves on a ranch he owns.
Mike Phillips, executive director of the Turner Endangered Species Fund,
said three to five pens could be completed on the Ladder Ranch by the end
of the year.
The pens, each one-third to one-half acre, would be designed to breed
wolves for possible release into the wild or to house wolves that have
been recaptured for some reason.
Turner hired Phillips to promote conservation on the media mogul's
properties, which include three ranches in New Mexico. Phillips oversaw
the release of Canadian gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park during
the past 2 1/2 years.
Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt earlier this year approved the eventual
reintroduction of the Mexican gray wolf on public land in Arizona and New
Mexico.
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 17:10:11 +0800 (SST)
From: Vadivu Govind
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: (SG) Mac-perks for hospital
Message-ID: <199707160910.RAA19924@eastgate.cyberway.com.sg>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Singapore:
>The Straits Times
JUL 16 1997
Mac-perks for hospital
TUMINAH SAPAWI
MENTION a stay in hospital and a child is likely to cringe in fear.
But tell him that McDonald's will be there and his eyes will surely light up
and all fear of needles will most likely be erased.
This is what McDonald's hopes to achieve at the Kandang Kerbau Women's
and Children's Hospital, where colourful murals adorn the walls of the Day
Therapy and Diagnostic Imaging deparments.
The life-sized illustrations of animals are aptly named Ronald McDonald
Enchanted Forest and Ronald McDonald Zoo Adventure.
Miss Fanny Lai, director of marketing of McDonald's restaurants, says:
"Livening up the wards is one of the ways to help minimise what may
otherwise be a frightening experience for some.
"For the Day Therapy room, we chose Ronald McDonald Enchanted Forest as
we wanted to capture the element of magic in a child's imagination.
"The Diagnostic Imaging department has the latter, to convey the
element of sunshine and fun. By livening up the rooms with the zoo concept,
we certainly hope to make the rooms less sterile."
Dr June Lou, clinical head and senior consultant (paediatrics) at KK
Hospital, agrees: "For a child to be hospitalised, it can be a traumatic
experience as he is in an unfamiliar environment.
"By enhancing the physical environment to make it friendly and
cheerful, it will help him to feel at ease when seeking medical treatment
and take his mind away from his illness. This will help contribute to the
overall recovery of the child."
Besides the murals, McDonald's has also sponsored specially-produced
admission kits for the children's wards at the hospital.
Each Healing Through Happiness admission kit contains an assortment of
items including a plush toy and toiletries.
Packaged in a colourful box with recognisable McDonaldland characters,
the kits are aimed at lifting the spirits of young patients.
Another of the fast-food chain's efforts towards making a hospital stay
less unpleasant for children is their McCare programme, in which McDonald's
staff and crew organise regular visits to the children's wards at the
National University Hospital to organise games and activities.
For some kids, however, the murals alone are not good enough.
"They're fun to look at. But maybe McDonald's should think of opening
their outlets at the hospitals. That would be more fun," said 10-year-old
Kenneth Yeo, who was visiting his sick cousin at KK Hospital, when asked
what he thought of the mural.
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 17:10:18 +0800 (SST)
From: Vadivu Govind
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: (MY) Two tiger cubs saved from brink of starvation
Message-ID: <199707160910.RAA18884@eastgate.cyberway.com.sg>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>The Star Online
Wednesday, 16 July, 1997
Two tiger cubs saved from brink of starvation
By Syed Azhar
KUANTAN: Two three-month-old male tiger cubs on the brink of starvation were
found by several Indonesian plantation workers in an oil palm plantation at
Gambang here on Sunday.
The cubs wolfed down a chicken each in under five minutes after they
were captured and taken to the plantation office, said estate supervisor
Chan Teck Ngoh.
"The cubs were so hungry that they continued eating for at least one hour
and lapped up two bowls of water," said Chan, 52.
One of the workers, who only wanted to be known as Marsini, stumbled
upon the cubs while looking for a branch to tie up a broken sprayer.
"While I was looking for the branch in the belukar at about 10am, I heard
growls from among the bushes and saw the cubs huddled together.
"I quickly ran away as I was afraid that their mother could be nearby," said
Marsini, 19, adding that he went back with his co-workers after making
sure the mother was not around.
"We organised ourselves into two groups and set out to capture the cubs,"
he said at the AI plantation site office here yesterday.
Marsini said they had to use a palm oil frond to lure the 20kg cubs out.
"It took us at least 30 minutes to capture the cubs and we were lucky as
they were too weak to give any resistance apart from the occasional growl,"
he added.
The cubs were then brought to the plantation's main office about 1km away
and kept in separate cages.
After ensuring the cubs had not been injured, Chan said he alerted
plantation owner Tee Keng Sing, who then attempted to call the Wildlife
Department in Temerloh on the same day.
However, Tee only succeeded in getting through on Monday, and five officers
from the department came to check on the condition of the cubs yesterday.
According to one of the Wildlife Department officers, Shamsudin Darus,
the cubs were still suckling.
He said the cubs were of the Panthera tigris species, also known as the
Malayan tiger.
They were taken to the Malacca Zoo yesterday.
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 17:10:23 +0800 (SST)
From: Vadivu Govind
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: (MY) Animal beauty contests
Message-ID: <199707160910.RAA12382@eastgate.cyberway.com.sg>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>The Star Online
Wednesday, July 16, 1997
Looking for beauty among the beasts
ALOR STAR: A national-level animal beauty contest is likely to be organised
this year following Tan Sri Sanusi Junid's plan to hold a state-level
contest next week as an alternative to beauty pageants.
State executive councillor Ahmad Lebai Sudin said Kedah would hold its
first animal beauty contest on July 24, adding winners stood a chance to
represent the state at the national-level contest to be held later.
Ahmad said the state-level contest, to be held in conjunction with Farmers
Day celebrations here at the Pokok Sena Agro-Tech Exhibition site, would
see dozens of "beauties" vying for cash prizes totalling RM10,000, trophies
and certificates.
Among the categories are locally bred and artificially inseminated cattle and
goat and poultry.
"Animals which are well-trained and obey the command of their owners
will receive bonus points," he added.
The three-day celebrations will also see the revival of the coconut tree
climbing competition — another of Sanusi's "pet projects" when he was
agriculture minister.
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 17:10:36 +0800 (SST)
From: Vadivu Govind
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: (HK) Aquarium fish in hot water
Message-ID: <199707160910.RAA20348@eastgate.cyberway.com.sg>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>South China Morning Post
Wednesday July 16 1997
Aquarium fish in hot water
ALEX LO
Faulty aquarium appliances can cook your fish and start a fire, the
Consumer Council warned yesterday.
They cause an average of one fire every three days, according to Fire
Services Department statistics.
In a survey of 33 electrical air and water pumps and fluorescent lamps
for tanks, the council found only five met international safety standards.
"Our tests affirm the fire hazard these accessories pose to users. They
can also cause electric shocks when users come in contact with water," the
council's Dr Michael Tsui Fuk-sun said.
He added that 27 samples tested had cords, plugs, fuses and thermostats
wrongly wired or designed. Nine had sub-standard power supply cords.
The council had two complaints this year. One claimed a device used to
regulate aquarium water temperature had overheated and cooked the fish.
The council also called on owners of 120,000 unsafe air-conditioners in
public housing estates to fix them.
Date: Wed Jul 16 06:27:08 1997
From: Michael Garner
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Cc: gap@envirolink.org
Subject: Great Ape Project WWW Update
Message-ID: <199707161027.GAA11333@envirolink.org>
Dear AR people,
The Great Ape Project's WWW pages have moved to:
http://www.envirolink.org/orgs/gap/gaphome.html
The pages are updated regularly.
Comments and questions to gap@envirolink.org are welcome.
Regards,
David Pearson
GAP-UK Coordinator.
---
The Great Ape Project
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 07:32:54 -0400
From: allen schubert
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: (US) Olestra snack chips draw more consumer complaints
Message-ID: <199707161054.GAA12490@envirolink.org>
Of interest for reasons of health and those against P&G....
from CNN web page:
-----------------------------------
Olestra snack chips draw more consumer complaints
July 15, 1997 =20
Web posted at: 10:36 a.m. EDT (1436 GMT)
From Correspondent Elizabeth Cohen
(CNN) -- Food companies in the United States are
preparing to go nationwide with snack chips made
with the fat substitute olestra. But ahead of the
sales campaign there have been more complaints by
consumers that these chips cause severe stomach
problems.
Recent documents from the Food and Drug
Administration show that more than 800 consumers
have called in to complain that they got sick from
chips made with olestra.
One woman said she suffered from cramps about two
hours after eating a one ounce bag of olestra
chips, and that the snack caused severe diarrhea.
A man complained of severe abdominal cramps.
"After about one hour of eating ... I could hardly
walk," he said.
And another consumer reported that he woke up in
the middle of the night with severe cramps and was
unable to make it to the bathroom.
Some scientists say they are not surprised
by the number of complaints about olestra.
Dr. Meir Stampfer of the Harvard School of Public
Health says olestra works in such a way that it
passes right through a person's gastrointestinal
tract.
Stampfer said the FDA should take snacks made with
olestra off the market. So far the olestra snacks
have been available only in test markets in Ohio,
Indiana and Colorado.
"It's causing these
gastrointestinal "It's causing these
problems, it's a mistake gastrointestinal
to let it go into our problems, it's a
food supply and they mistake to let it go
should admit the mistake into our food supply
and just remove it," and they should
admit
Stampfer said. the mistake and
just
just
remove it."
The FDA declined to
comment. However, Procter =97 Dr. Meir Stampfer
& Gamble, which makes
olestra, said 800
complaints were not much considering that millions
of people had eaten the chips.
"It's important to understand this is a very low
rate of response, it's less than 0.01 percent,"
said the company's Greg Allgood.
Allgood said olestra chips were very popular in
the snack market. "Most people tell us this is a
product that works for them and they really
enjoy," he said.
Procter & Gamble also asked some of the people who
complained about the chips to try them again. The
company claimed that when people did eat them
again, they felt no different than when they ate
regular chips.
The olestra manufacturer now hopes to take the
chips nationwide sometime next year. But one
consumer group, the Center for Science in the
Public Interest, said it will try to make sure
that won't happen. It has set up its own toll-free
line (1-888-OLESTRA) and said it has received 800
additional complaints.
(US) Olestra snack chips draw more consumer complaints
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 17:10:23 +0800 (SST)
From: Vadivu Govind
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: (MY) Animal beauty contests
Message-ID: <199707161054.GAA12492@envirolink.org>
>The Star Online
Wednesday, July 16, 1997=20
Looking for beauty among the beasts
ALOR STAR: A national-level animal beauty contest is likely to be organised
this year following Tan Sri Sanusi Junid's plan to hold a state-level
contest next week as an alternative to beauty pageants.=20
State executive councillor Ahmad Lebai Sudin said Kedah would hold its
first animal beauty contest on July 24, adding winners stood a chance to
represent the state at the national-level contest to be held later.=20
Ahmad said the state-level contest, to be held in conjunction with Farmers
Day celebrations here at the Pokok Sena Agro-Tech Exhibition site, would
see dozens of "beauties" vying for cash prizes totalling RM10,000, trophies
and certificates.=20
Among the categories are locally bred and artificially inseminated cattle and
goat and poultry.=20
"Animals which are well-trained and obey the command of their owners
will receive bonus points," he added.=20
The three-day celebrations will also see the revival of the coconut tree
climbing competition =97 another of Sanusi's "pet projects" when he was
agriculture minister.=20
(MY) Animal beauty contests
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 07:39:08 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jean Colison
To: Ar-news
Subject: Conflict Between Creatures
Message-ID:
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
(don't miss last sentence)
A Conflict Between Creatures
As Humans Move Into Predators' Habitat, Both May Be Under Attack
By Tom Kenworthy
Washington Post Staff Writer
Sunday, July 13, 1997; Page A01
The Washington Post
DENVER—Moses Street, a photographer from Estes Park, Colo., was jogging
near dusk on a popular trail in Rocky Mountain National Park in the fall
of 1995 when, by chance or instinct, he glanced over his shoulder and
felt a stab of primal fear few humans ever experience. A cougar was
directly behind him, on its hind legs, in the final stage of attack.
Waving his arms and yelling, Street managed to get the cougar to back
off. He fended off a second approach with a large tree branch. He
climbed atop the ruins of an old cabin and warded the lion off a third
time by again swinging the branch. Street then scurried up a tree and
hunkered down for a frigid overnight, dressed only in a T-shirt and
running shorts. In the dead of night, the mountain lion began climbing
the tree.
"I could just hear him," Street said. "If you've ever heard a squirrel
scramble up a tree, magnify that. He'd put a claw in and there would be
a crunch." Swinging blindly with his branch, Street hit the lion and it
retreated. Park rangers, called by Street's girlfriend when he failed to
return from his jog, came to his rescue about 2 a.m.
Street's encounter is part of a growing phenomenon, involving not just
mountain lions here along the front range of the Rocky Mountains, but
other large predators such as bears, alligators and wolves in numerous
areas throughout the nation. With hunting on the decline and prey
species such as deer on the increase, with the success of wildlife
conservation programs, and with more people moving into once-remote
areas, humans and large, potentially dangerous, predators are seeing a
lot more of each other.
Sometimes there are frightening and costly results:
In Florida, alligator attacks on humans are becoming more common, as the
once-endangered reptile has bounced back from near extinction, and the
state's burgeoning human population encroaches on its habitat. Although
there have been only eight fatal attacks in the last half century, three
of them have come in the last four years, including the death in March
of 3-year-old Adam Binford, who was snatched by an 11-foot alligator
while wading in the shallow waters of a placid lake to pick a water lily
for his mother.
Fatal attacks by cougars are also on the increase. A study by Northern
Arizona University wildlife ecologist Paul Beier found that there were
more fatal attacks (five in all) by cougars on humans from 1970 to 1990
than there were in the previous 80 years. And that study was completed
before a fatal attack in 1991 on a Colorado jogger and two more fatal
attacks in California in 1994.
Wolf conservation efforts in the upper Midwest have been so successful
that an animal once hounded to near extinction by government bounty
programs is now taking up residence close to major metropolitan areas,
with an accompanying toll on domestic pets and livestock. Aided by
government restoration programs, wolves are also beginning to thrive
again in the northern Rockies and are occasionally preying on cattle and
sheep.
"Critters are showing up where they didn't used to show up," said Bill
Berg, a wildlife biologist with the Minnesota Department of Natural
Resources. "And it's because they're adapting more and more -- to
people, to highways, to new ways of life."
People, however, are not always adapting so readily to predators in
their midst.
When William J. Elder moved from Omaha to an upscale foothills community
a half hour west of Denver, he was attracted by the magnificent views of
the Continental Divide and by the abundant wildlife, including mule deer
and elk. Nobody warned him about the mountain lions frequenting the back
yards of $500,000 homes.
Out walking early one morning in a light snow, the 42-year-old attorney
was beginning a second loop around his neighborhood when he saw fresh
mountain lion tracks -- following right behind the footprints he had
left on his first lap.
Turning to Bill Anderson, his walking companion that morning, Elder
said: "I don't know about you, Anderson, but I'm heading home."
As a parent of young children, Elder became even more concerned when an
18-year-old high school senior was killed by a cougar while running in
Idaho Springs, just 15 miles from Elder's house. Elder bought a handgun
for protection, but gave it up after his first trip to the firing range
when a badly aimed shot ricocheted into his leg.
Perplexed that both his neighborhood association and state officials
seemed more interested in the lions' welfare than in his and his
children's, Elder fired off an angry letter to the Colorado Division of
Wildlife. "Remove this beast from my community," Elder pleaded. "I am
unable to see any benefits whatsoever that this animal confers upon my
community or upon the ecosystem where I live."
To Colorado wildlife officials, it was a familiar refrain. "Every time
we get a new influx of people, a new development and people moving in
from out of state, we go through it again," said Bob Davies, a wildlife
biologist for Colorado's Division of Wildlife. "Basically they freak out
and they want something done immediately."
More often than not, the animal loses. Late last month, a 175-pound
black bear had to be shot after breaking into as many as 10 houses in
Douglas County, Colo., south of Denver. The bear was destroyed by
sheriff's deputies shortly after emerging from one home with a tortilla
dangling from its mouth.
Bear populations, and complaints about nuisance bears, are also on the
rise in Virginia and Maryland. Forty years ago there were estimated to
be only a dozen black bears in western Maryland; today there are roughly
200. Virginia, with more suitable habitat, has a bear population of
about 3,500.
In the Southwest, coyote attacks on humans are occurring more frequently
as the coyote population grows and communities expand into the desert.
In April the Arizona Game and Fish Department shot two coyotes after two
boys were bitten in Scottsdale, and in February a 4-year-old girl
sustained more than 30 cuts and puncture wounds from a coyote attack in
South Lake Tahoe.
In Florida, where 1,000 people a day move into the state, officials are
struggling with demands for immediate action as people and alligators
compete for shrinking wetland habitat. Wildlife officials estimate the
state is now home to about a million adult alligators, a tribute to the
success of the federal Endangered Species Act and state-sponsored
conservation programs.
More gators and more people have meant more conflict. Alligators are
attacking people about 18 times a year in the 1990s, double the rate of
the previous decade. With large, sometimes menacing alligators showing
up in backyard ponds, swimming pools, and even pushing through screen
doors, the state is fielding about 15,000 "remove this alligator" calls
a year. Under contract to the state, trappers round up and kill about
4,000 problem alligators a year.
"When I was a kid, an alligator would occasionally wander into town,"
said Henry Cabbage, of the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission.
"Now the town is wandering into alligator habitat. New residents who
move to Florida are unfamiliar with alligators, so they buy a house in a
subdivision with a retention pond. An alligator moves in, the residents
name him old Joe and toss him chicken parts because it's fun to watch
him eat. So a 12-foot alligator with a brain the size of a thumb starts
associating people with food. Pretty soon it's going to eat a dog or
attack a child."
An alligator who had lost its natural fear of humans may have been
responsible for an incident last July, when a 7-year-old Brazilian boy
was attacked when he tumbled off his rented bicycle and into a canal in
Everglades National Park. The alligator relinquished his grip on
Alexandre Teixeira only after the boy's mother and father rushed to his
aid, grabbing the alligator by the snout and pushing on its mouth.
"I took the mouth in my hand," said Helio Teixeira a few days after the
incident. "I tried to open it, but it was impossible. So I tried just to
keep it from moving." His wife, Maria Teixeira, then joined the dramatic
struggle for their son. "I put my hand inside the gator's mouth," she
told the Miami Herald. "I wanted to try and open it so it would let go
of my son. I felt the alligator press down one time on Alexandre, then
suddenly release its jaw. And his mouth opened."
Wolves don't often attack humans, but in the northern Rocky Mountain
states of Montana, Wyoming and Idaho, sheep and cattle are once again
being preyed upon, as natural migrations from Canada and
government-sponsored reintroduction programs return wolves to areas they
have not inhabited for decades.
For most of this century, the federal government did everything it could
to eradicate wolves: Thousands were poisoned, shot and trapped until the
species was extirpated from the West. Now the government has reversed
course. It has reintroduced red wolves into the Southeast, gray wolf
packs into central Idaho and Yellowstone National Park and as early as
next year will put another sub-species, Mexican wolves, into the
Southwest.
At the same time, Canadian wolves have been migrating on their own into
northwestern Montana, and at least 10 packs of these immigrant wolves
are thriving as far south as Missoula.
Western ranchers are generally not happy about it, but in some cases
they are learning new ways to co-exist.
In February, for example, a transient wolf began preying on sheep on
Bill Mayo's Boulder, Wyo., ranch. He called the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service for assistance, but when the agency was slow in responding, Mayo
dealt with the predator himself, and not in the time-honored rancher
way.
With his neighbor driving, Mayo roped the wolf from a speeding
snowmobile, put it in a horse trailer and waited for Fish and Wildlife
Service agents to arrive to transport it for release in Yellowstone
National Park. An environmental group, Defenders of Wildlife, paid him
$690 for his dead sheep, a payment Mayo appreciates but says does not
cover the cost of other sheep that ran away in terror and were never
seen again.
Mayo says he has no real problem with wolf reintroduction as long as
federal wildlife officials can keep them in Yellowstone and deal
promptly with those that wander. "We will be able to cope to a degree,"
he said, "but if wolves spread out and hit all my neighbors and kill our
sheep, our cattle and our horses, then we will have to figure out" how
to deal with it.
Western ranchers can envision their future by looking east, to
Minnesota, where there are now as many as 2,500 wolves and where
biologists expect enough dispersal into Michigan and Wisconsin by 1999
to remove the regional population from the endangered species list.
Minnesota pays out $40,000 to $65,000 a year in compensation for
wolf-killed livestock, and federal animal control officers track and
destroy 140 to 170 problem wolves a year in the upper Midwest.
Experts like Berg of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources are
astonished at how wolves have adapted to civilization, living in one
case within a couple of hundred yards of Interstate 94 west of Madison,
Wis., and in another, within an hour's drive of St. Paul, Minn. "Twenty
to 25 years ago, we were looking at wolves as just being residents of
the pristine wilderness," Berg said. "Now we have wolves 100 miles out
into the prairie and into central Minnesota where we didn't ever think
they would go."
The very success of wolf conservation programs is now presenting
wildlife managers with a new dilemma that is likely to grow worse if
state officials in Minnesota opt to open a wolf-hunting season once the
animal is fully recovered. Having fought to overcome those who revile
the wolf, biologists must now deal with a phenomenon that noted wolf
researcher L. David Mech calls "wolf protectionism."
"Those of us professionally involved with wolf recovery have
traditionally been maligned by anti-wolf people," Mech wrote recently in
the periodical Conservation Biology. "Now we are vilified by many wolf
lovers as wolf enemies because of our acknowledgment that wolves often
require control."
Rich Clough, a regional supervisor for the Montana Department of Fish,
Wildlife and Parks, faces the same conflicting pressures in managing the
burgeoning mountain lion population around Missoula, a small university
city where cougars and bears frequently wander into residential areas.
To lessen the chance of cougar attacks on people near Missoula, wildlife
officials have eased hunting regulations and aggressively trapped lions
that wander into town. That has eased the fears of many residents -- but
angered others.
Not long ago, Clough was out with his lion-hunting dogs trying to
capture a cougar adjacent to the married-student housing complex at the
University of Montana when an irate cougar lover stormed out of his
house waving a pistol.
"You have both sides of the issue within 100 feet of each other," Clough
said. "It's making management more difficult."
Street, the Colorado photographer who narrowly escaped a cougar attack
in 1995, understands that mixture of feelings all too well.
Fearful after his experience, Street no longer jogs on isolated trails,
and he only recently worked up the nerve to hike again in Colorado's
back country. Still, he feels enriched by his encounter, and he's more
adamant than ever about preserving wilderness.
"It was so neat to have been part of something wild," he said. "It was a
near-death experience, a kind of spiritual experience."
Not only should Colorado wildlife officials resist pressure to remove
cougars from inhabited areas, Street said, but they "should be shooting
the people building the houses instead."
Special correspondent William Souder contributed to this report.
@CAPTION: Police spotted a six-foot-long alligator, above, off Fort
Lauderdale, Fla., and coaxed it to shore with help from beachgoers.
Rangers posted sign at left after Moses Street was chased by a mountain
lion while jogging in Estes Park, Colo. @CAPTION: Fish and Game wardens
Mike Conely, left, and Mark Jeter bag a dead mountain lion behind a home
in Valencia, Calif.
@CAPTION: Mary Avila, of Albuquerque, and Sheryl Colyer, of Washington,
check out a five-foot alligator captured on fifth green at Miami Shores
Golf Course in Miami.
©Copyright 1997 The Washington Post Company
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 97 07:01:00 UTC
From: SDURBIN@VM.TULSA.CC.OK.US
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: Dog Is Considered Personal Property: No Animal Cruelty Charges Filed
Message-ID: <199707161207.IAA16172@envirolink.org>
(Tulsa World, Tulsa, OK, USA): Because a dead dog is considered the personal
property of its owner, the man who killed a pit bulldog and then beheaded it
will be charged not with animal cruelty for the beheading, but with malicious
mischief, the city prosecutor has decided.
Riley Johnson, 38, was defending himself when he shot two pit bulldogs in
his yard on June 30, City Prosecutor Patrick Boulden said. But he will face
a charge of malicious mischief for beheading one of the dogs after it died.
"A dog is considered personal property," he said. "When he cut the dog's
head off, he damaged someone's property."
Johnson's arraignment on the misdeameanor charge, which carries a
maximum penalty of $500 and 90 days in jail, is set for 8:30 a.m. Wed.
He has said he will fight any charges brought against him.
The dogs' owners, Rodney and Cynde Payton, have until Wednesday to pay a
$60 fine or plead not guilty to a charge of having dogs at large.
Animal Control Officers focused on the shootings throughout the
investigation. The beheading was done after the dog died and therefore
can't be considered animal cruelty, he said.
When the case was forwarded to the City Prosecutor's Office, no evidence
existed to support an animal cruelty charge, so the charge was amended to
malicious mischief.
The District Attorney's Office can pursue felony animal cruely charges
in extreme cases, Boulden said.
Rodney Payton has said he will file a civil suit against Johnson.
-- Sherrill
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 14:15:39 -0400 (EDT)
From: MINKLIB@aol.com
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: Hunters Prepare Their Own Ballot Initiatives
Message-ID: <970716141426_-157491206@emout10.mail.aol.com>
>From the Wildlife Legislative Fund of America home page:
WLFA Embarks on Ambitious Constitutional Amendment Campaign
The Wildlife Legislative Fund of America has launched a major offensive to
protect sportsmen's
rights and to prevent the escalating use of the voter initiative process to
dictate wildlife
management policy.
WLFA wildlife law specialists have drafted a prototype constitutional
amendment to be used as a
model for states wishing to protect sportsmen and women from ballot box game
management.
Since 1990, anti-hunting ballot initiatives have been brought forth 13 times,
with sportsmen
proving victorious on only three occasions. In the past 20 years, hunting and
wildlife management
issues have been decided by popular vote 18 times. Last year alone accounted
for eight.
It is obvious that this serious trend will continue unless something is done
to stop, or impede, the
momentum of the anti-hunting organizations. Last year, these groups pumped
more than $4
million into eight states, eliminating hunting privileges and overruling
state wildlife agencies.
Currently, the ballot initiative process may be used to determine wildlife
issues in 24 states.
"Sportsmen must take the offensive in these 24 states," said WLFA vice
president, Rick Story.
Story recently outlined the WLFA effort and model language before the
nation's sporting
journalists at the annual conference of the Outdoor Writers Association of
America (OWAA).
"Wildlife management by public whim is wrong because it takes wildlife
professionals and elected
officials out of the picture," Story said. "It is therefore wasteful and not
in keeping with either the
American system of democracy or the best tenets of wildlife management."
On the heels of the 1996 initiative assault, sportsmen's coalitions and
legislators in several citizen
initiative states began to look toward constitutional amendments for
protection. Though initial
efforts proved unsuccessful in Alaska, Colorado, Idaho and Wyoming for varied
reasons, the
WLFA is confident the concept is valid and the tack is achievable. In
Michigan, amendment
legislation is pending in House Committee, while Colorado, Idaho and several
other states have
shown interest in introducing new wording in the next legislative session.
Understanding that the needs to protect sportsmen's pursuits are unique in
every state, the model
is designed to adapt to the drafting requirements and needs of any one of the
24 initiative states.
"Our plan is to circulate this proposed language to sportsmen, wildlife
agencies and interested
lawmakers and to work with anyone who seriously wants to end
emotionally-driven,
citizen-initiated ballot issues about wildlife," Story said.
In the late 1980s, The WLFA similarly provided states with hunter harassment
bill language which
was used as a model for legislation. As a result, today hunters in all 50
states are protected from
harassment while afield.
WLFA Model Constitutional Amendment Draft
The state of ______'s fish and wildlife belong to the people and shall be
utilized and
maintained on a sustained yield basis. Laws shall be passed to provide for
the
conservation of the fish and wildlife resources of the state, including laws
to empower
an agency specializing in the study, protection, use, and scientific
management of fish
and wildlife and their habitat. Such laws, and such agency, shall not permit
any taking
which will reduce the population of any species authorized for taking as a
game species
below that level essential to its continued health and existence. No laws or
regulations
which permit, limit, or prohibit that taking of any species of fish and
wildlife shall be
valid, except laws enacted by the General Assembly and regulation adopted by
the
agency specializing in the study, protection, use, and scientific management
of fish and
wildlife and their habitat. Notwithstanding the provisions of (insert
appropriate
section(s) of state constitution), the initiative and referendum shall not be
used to enact
or reject any laws which permit, limit, or prohibit the taking of any species
of fish and
wildlife.
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 97 15:44:54 -0000
From: shadowrunner@voyager.net
To:
Subject: All cotton wearers take notice
Message-ID: <199707161942.PAA28177@vixa.voyager.net>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
100-YEAR FIGHT WITH BOLL WEEVIL TAKES BIG STEP FORWARD
ABILENE, Texas, July 14, 1997--The long-running battle with the boll
weevil, a tiny creature that has played havoc with American cotton
crops since before the turn of the century, took a major step forward
today with the approval of U.S. Department of Agriculture funding from a
new loan program for the expanding boll weevil eradication effort in
Texas.
"This assistance, along with the efforts of the Texas Boll Weevil
Eradication Foundation and our other partners at the Texas Farm Credit
Bank, the National Cotton Council and the State of Texas, brings us
closer to saying goodbye to one of the most persistent threats ever to a
major segment of our farm economy," said Randy Weber, Associate
Administrator of USDA's Farm Service Agency (FSA). "A lot of credit is
also due to Rep. Charles Stenholm for his continuing interest and strong
support."
Carolyn Cooksie, FSA Deputy Administrator for Farm Loan Programs,
also stressed the importance of the program: "Because weevil
eradication means a great deal to cotton producers, it is a very high
priority for the FSA. In a few months, the agency developed a loan
program from scratch to support the eradication foundations. Ordinarily,
a complex project like this could take a year or more, but the FSA farm
loan staff really pushed themselves to the limit to implement this program
in time to keep the eradication efforts going in 1997."
Weber said that "when this undertaking in Texas is completed, it will
mark the end of a journey begun as a trial in 1978 in Virginia and North
Carolina in a cooperative State-Federal-Industry effort to finally remove
the boll weevil as a threat to cotton growers. In those 19 years, the
boll
weevil has been systematically eliminated in many cotton-growing
regions of the United States, including both coasts and part of Mexico."
Added Bill Grefenstette, senior operations officer for UDSA's Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service: "We have been working with the
cotton growing community for years, and it's exciting to see that we now
have in the loan program a financial mechanism that allows the program
to be more affordable to growers...a mechanism that helps bring the cost
of the program more in line with the realities of their cash flow."
Weber, Cooksie, and Grefenstette were in Abilene to help put the
final
touches on a $25 million loan to keep the eradication program moving
forward in Texas. The loan will be used for term debt financing and
allow the Farm Credit Bank to provide a line of credit to meet the
foundation's operating needs. USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service has provided about $9 million this fiscal year to assist
eradication
efforts.
The eradication program relies primarily on a combination of
intensive
trapping and careful spraying to eliminate the cotton-eating beetles.
Since the program began, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, most of Alabama, central Tennessee, California,
Arizona and adjacent areas of Mexico have completed the eradication
program. Only the mid-South, Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma are
left, with grower referenda scheduled in several large areas this fall.
Once eradication is completed, the need for pesticides is drastically
reduced.
The boll weevil originally found its way into the United States from
Mexico around 1892. Costing producers over $ 12 billion over the years,
it resisted all attempts to get rid of it until the current program began
moving across the Cotton Belt in 1978.
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 16:33:15 -0700
From: Lawrence Carter-Long
To: ar-news@envirolink.org
Subject: Sympathetic Fur Story on MSNBC's WWW Site
Message-ID: <33CD5A3B.29A1@mail-1.gvn.net>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Check it out at:
http://www.msnbc.com/news/84222.asp
Nice Links too!!!
Lawrence Carter-Long
Coordinator, Science and Research Issues
Animal Protection Institute
phone: 916-731-5521
LCartLng@gvn.net
"Faced with the choice between changing one's mind
and proving that there is no need to do so, almost
everyone gets busy on the proof." - Galbraith's Law
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 22:28:54 -0700
From: Sean Thomas
To: ar-news@envirolink.com
Subject: No More Monkey Business for Health Canada
Message-ID: <33CDAD96.1694@sympatico.ca>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; name="Monkey fate.htm"
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="Monkey fate.htm"
Ottawa Citizen Hit reload or refresh if you're not getting today's
Online date.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Image]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Image]
[Image]
[Image]
[Image]
National
Highlights
[Image]National
News
[Image]Across
Canada
[Image]News in
Depth
FRONT PAGE | CITY | SPORTS | BUSINESS | NATIONAL | WORLD
| EDITORIALS
ENTERTAINMENT | YOUR MONEY | INTERNET | COLUMNISTS |
CLASSIFIED
[National - Ottawa Citizen Online]
Wednesday 16 July 1997
Monkeys in the middle
Research colony could join victims of federal downsizing
Randy Boswell and Chris Cobb
The Ottawa Citizen
A Royal Society panel Wayne Cuddington, The
of scientists and
philosophers has been Ottawa Citizen / Bred for
appointed to consider research, these monkeys face an
the fate of Canada's uncertain fate in an era of
only colony of budget cuts and animal-rights
research monkeys -- activism.
750 long-tailed
macaques that live at
a breeding centre and in laboratories throughout the
Health Canada compound at Tunney's Pasture.
The animals, offspring of an original brood brought to
Canada from the Philippines in 1983, have been used for
research into AIDS and herpes, to screen polio vaccines
and probe the effects of ingesting chemicals ranging from
PCBs to caffeine. Many of their forebears were sacrificed
to high-profile studies that contributed to banning lead
from gasoline, and the colony was recently described in
an internal Health Canada report as "unique in the world"
because its complete genetic history is known for two
generations and its members are free of a herpes virus
that taints many of the research primates in North
America.
Now they are monkeys in the middle of organizational
upheaval at Health Canada, a federal department plagued
by deep budget cuts and a recent clash over political
meddling in scientific research. The inquiry into the
colony -- which could be maintained as is, sold off or
privatized -- emerges as Health Canada confronts its own
uncertain future as a national centre for health testing
and research.
"With these animals, we know everything about them," said
one senior Health Canada scientist, whose research career
in environmental contaminants has been built around
projects involving the monkeys.
The scientist, who asked not to be identified, said
having an in-house colony of monkeys means "the logistics
are dramatically reduced" for research projects that
would otherwise depend on imported animals with unknown
family histories and possibly carrying viruses.
The monkeys cost Health Canada about $1 million a year to
maintain.
Pierre Thibert, chief of the Animal Resources Division at
Health Canada, said yesterday that because of budget cuts
the primate colony is in financial crisis.
Researchers who use the monkeys must now pay a per diem
of about $17 -- a cost which is straining other budgets
and in some cases pricing the monkeys out of the research
market for government scientists.
Thibert said the review will be key to the colony's
future but restructuring of some kind is inevitable. The
research with the monkeys is vital whether conducted by
Health Canada, a university or private industry, he
added.
"If the Royal Society decides there is a need for a
monkey colony to protect the health of Canadians then
there has to be a certain input by the government," said
Mr. Thibert. "It would be a shame to lose such expertise.
We have one of the best research centres in Canada with
excellent personnel and an exceptional quality of care.
We have to adjust but there will be a future, hopefully,
for the animal resources division."
Among the many issues at play is the ethics of breeding
hundreds of fellow primates, in captivity, to serve
purely human interests.
"In my mind, the first criteria the panel will have to
weigh is the question of animal welfare," says Queen's
University professor William Leiss, head of the Royal
Society of Canada committee that agreed to strike the
expert panel at the behest of Health Canada.
"The second question we need to ask is whether we have a
need for the colony that the public would support,
whether there are benefits to human health we can't
otherwise get," said Mr. Leiss. "And then there's the
question of who's going to pay for it."
A technician in the department's health protection
branch, who also asked not to be identified, said the
fact that the colony operation faces possible closure
reflects "decisions being made from an economic point of
view rather than a public health perspective."
He added that if the federal government divests itself of
the colony "we're going to be relying on foreign
research."
Steven Gilbert -- a former Health Canada researcher who
continues to collaborate on studies involving the Ottawa
monkeys from his current post as president Biosupport
Inc. in Redmond, Washington -- says the colony "has made
an unbelievable contribution to understanding the effects
of lead, mercury, caffeine" and other substances.
But he acknowledged that unlike some American colonies
which can be housed year-round in outdoor pens, bitter
Ottawa winters mean the monkeys must be kept inside in
more expensive surroundings.
In the States there are seven major research colonies,
all attached to universities but largely funded by the
U.S. government. Monkeys in the U.S. are used mostly for
AIDS research.
Significantly, says Mr. Leiss, two of the five Royal
Society panelists who will examine the local colony's
future -- philosophy professor Conrad Brunk from the
University of Waterloo and professor of applied ethics
Michael McDonald from the University of British Columbia
-- are not scientists.
"I think it suggests that some of the ethical issues
involved in animal research are part of the agenda," says
Mr. Brunk, named chairman of the panel. "I don't think
you want only scientists involved when some of the issues
could be political and ethical."
Others on the panel are: Dr. Albert Clark, a biochemistry
professor at Queen's University and director of research
at the Kingston General Hospital; Dr. Andrew Hendrickx,
director of the California Regional Primate Research
Center; and Dr. Michel Klein, vice-president of research
at vaccine manufacturer Pasteur MŽrieux Connaught Canada
in Toronto.
Three years ago there were 1,200 monkeys in the Health
Canada colony but some were sold to private companies or
universities. Monkeys sell for between $1,000 and $4,000,
depending on their state of maturity, and monkeys in
their reproductive prime are the most expensive. (Health
Canada has some 8,000 research animals, mostly mice and
rats, down from 25,000 a few years ago. They are all at
Tunney's Pasture).
Monkey research is declining everywhere, noted Thibert,
largely because of the expense of keeping the animals and
because scientists have grown tired of criticism from
animal rights activists.
One of those activists, Stephanie Brown of the Canadian
Federation of Humane Societies, was recently part of a
Health Canada committee that examined the entire Animal
Resources Division. She says she's concerned that the
Royal Society -- rather than a multi-stakeholder group
including animal welfare activists -- was asked for
specific recommendations on the colony's future.
"I fear that there are no animal protectionists (on the
panel)," said Ms. Brown, who has called for the closure
of the colony in the past and recently urged that a
jungle-like "sanctuary" be created for older monkeys that
have "given their due" to medical research and deserve at
least as much compassion as "an old horse being put out
to pasture."
Ms. Brown conducted inspections of the monkey colony in
the past and once criticized cages as too sterile,
crowded and boring. She says the colony's living
conditions have improved since a move to larger pens and
"group housing" arrangements in which the monkeys appear
more relaxed and "breed like crazy."
But the changes haven't altered the federation's basic
view that monkeys shouldn't be used for scientific
research. "If a lot of the research is ending at Health
Canada, then there's even less reason to keep the
colony."
The report from the Royal Society panel, expected by
November, will cost about $70,000 and be made public. It
will not be binding on Health Canada.
"Our role is to determine the most preferable option,"
said Mr. Leiss, "and although it isn't binding, I expect
Health Canada to take it very seriously."
The Royal Society is also inviting submissions from the
public to its Expert Panel on the Primate Colony at fax
number 613-991-6996 or mailing address 225 Metcalfe St.,
Suite 308, Ottawa, Ont. K2P 1P9.
FRONT PAGE | CITY | SPORTS | BUSINESS | NATIONAL | WORLD
| EDITORIALS
ENTERTAINMENT | YOUR MONEY | INTERNET | COLUMNISTS |
CLASSIFIED
Praise or criticism? Give us your FEEDBACK
Copyright 1997 The Ottawa Citizen
|
|